US Code

Public Law 119-73 (01/23/2026)

15 U.S.C. § 1681h

Conditions and form of disclosure to consumers

(a)

In general

(1)

Proper identification

section 1681g of this titleA consumer reporting agency shall require, as a condition of making the disclosures required under , that the consumer furnish proper identification.

(2)

Disclosure in writing

section 1681g of this titleExcept as provided in subsection (b), the disclosures required to be made under shall be provided under that section in writing.

(b)

Other forms of disclosure

(1)

In general

1
1 So in original. Probably should be followed by “section”.
If authorized by a consumer, a consumer reporting agency may make the disclosures required under  1681g of this title—
(A)
other than in writing; and
(B)
in such form as may be—
(i)
specified by the consumer in accordance with paragraph (2); and
(ii)
available from the agency.
(2)

Form

section 1681g of this titleA consumer may specify pursuant to paragraph (1) that disclosures under shall be made—
(A)
in person, upon the appearance of the consumer at the place of business of the consumer reporting agency where disclosures are regularly provided, during normal business hours, and on reasonable notice;
(B)
by telephone, if the consumer has made a written request for disclosure by telephone;
(C)
by electronic means, if available from the agency; or
(D)
by any other reasonable means that is available from the agency.
(c)

Trained personnel

section 1681g of this titleAny consumer reporting agency shall provide trained personnel to explain to the consumer any information furnished to him pursuant to .

(d)

Persons accompanying consumer

The consumer shall be permitted to be accompanied by one other person of his choosing, who shall furnish reasonable identification. A consumer reporting agency may require the consumer to furnish a written statement granting permission to the consumer reporting agency to discuss the consumer’s file in such person’s presence.

(e)

Limitation of liability

o2

2 So in original. Probably should be followed by a comma.
Except as provided in sections 1681n and 1681 of this title, no consumer may bring any action or proceeding in the nature of defamation, invasion of privacy, or negligence with respect to the reporting of information against any consumer reporting agency, any user of information, or any person who furnishes information to a consumer reporting agency, based on information disclosed pursuant to section 1681g, 1681h, or 1681m of this title, or based on information disclosed by a user of a consumer report to or for a consumer against whom the user has taken adverse action, based in whole or in part on the report  except as to false information furnished with malice or willful intent to injure such consumer.

Pub. L. 90–321, title VI, § 610Pub. L. 91–508, title VI, § 60184 Stat. 1131Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title II, § 2408(e)(1)110 Stat. 3009–438(, as added , , ; amended , (4), (5)(B), , , 3009–439.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

Pub. L. 104–208, § 2408(e)(5)(B)1996—, inserted “and form” after “Conditions” in section catchline.

Pub. L. 104–208, § 2408(e)(1)section 1681g of this titleSubsec. (a). , inserted heading and amended text of subsec. (a) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “A consumer reporting agency shall make the disclosures required under during normal business hours and on reasonable notice.”

Pub. L. 104–208, § 2408(e)(1)section 1681g of this titleSubsec. (b). , inserted heading and amended text of subsec. (b) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “The disclosures required under shall be made to the consumer—

“(1) in person if he appears in person and furnishes proper identification; or

“(2) by telephone if he has made a written request, with proper identification, for telephone disclosure and the toll charge, if any, for the telephone call is prepaid by or charged directly to the consumer.”

Pub. L. 104–208, § 2408(e)(4)Subsec. (e). , inserted “or based on information disclosed by a user of a consumer report to or for a consumer against whom the user has taken adverse action, based in whole or in part on the report” before “except”.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1996 Amendment

Pub. L. 104–208section 2420 of Pub. L. 104–208section 1681a of this titleAmendment by effective 365 days after , with special rule for early compliance, see , set out as a note under .

Effective Date

section 504(d) of Pub. L. 90–321Pub. L. 91–508section 1681 of this titleSection effective upon the expiration of one hundred and eighty days following , see , as added by , set out as a note under .