Public Law 119-73 (01/23/2026)

18 U.S.C. § 478

Foreign obligations or securities

Whoever, within the United States, with intent to defraud, falsely makes, alters, forges, or counterfeits any bond, certificate, obligation, or other security of any foreign government, purporting to be or in imitation of any such security issued under the authority of such foreign government, or any treasury note, bill, or promise to pay, lawfully issued by such foreign government and intended to circulate as money, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than 20 years, or both.

June 25, 1948, ch. 64562 Stat. 707Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, § 330016(1)(K)108 Stat. 2147Pub. L. 107–56, title III, § 375(a)115 Stat. 341(, ; , , ; , , .)

Historical and Revision Notes

Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, § 15635 Stat. 1117Based on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 270 (, ).

section 2 of this titleReference to persons causing, procuring, aiding or assisting was omitted as unnecessary as such persons are made principals by .

Mandatory punishment provision was rephrased in the alternative.

Changes were also made in phraseology.

Editorial Notes

Amendments

Pub. L. 107–562001— substituted “20 years” for “five years”.

Pub. L. 103–3221994— substituted “fined under this title” for “fined not more than $5,000”.