26 U.S.C. § 643 | Definitions applicable to subparts A, B, C, and D

(a)

Distributable net income

For purposes of this part, the term “distributable net income” means, with respect to any taxable year, the taxable income of the estate or trust computed with the following modifications—

(1)

Deduction for distributions

No deduction shall be taken under sections 651 and 661 (relating to additional deductions).

(2)

Deduction for personal exemption

No deduction shall be taken under section 642(b) (relating to deduction for personal exemptions).

(3)

Capital gains and losses

Gains from the sale or exchange of capital assets shall be excluded to the extent that such gains are allocated to corpus and are not (A) paid, credited, or required to be distributed to any beneficiary during the taxable year, or (B) paid, permanently set aside, or to be used for the purposes specified in section 642(c). Losses from the sale or exchange of capital assets shall be excluded, except to the extent such losses are taken into account in determining the amount of gains from the sale or exchange of capital assets which are paid, credited, or required to be distributed to any beneficiary during the taxable year. The exclusion under section 1202 shall not be taken into account.

(4)

Extraordinary dividends and taxable stock dividends

For purposes only of subpart B (relating to trusts which distribute current income only), there shall be excluded those items of gross income constituting extraordinary dividends or taxable stock dividends which the fiduciary, acting in good faith, does not pay or credit to any beneficiary by reason of his determination that such dividends are allocable to corpus under the terms of the governing instrument and applicable local law.

(5)

Tax-exempt interest

There shall be included any tax-exempt interest to which section 103 applies, reduced by any amounts which would be deductible in respect of disbursements allocable to such interest but for the provisions of section 265 (relating to disallowance of certain deductions).

(6)

Income of foreign trust

In the case of a foreign trust—

(A)

There shall be included the amounts of gross income from sources without the United States, reduced by any amounts which would be deductible in respect of disbursements allocable to such income but for the provisions of section 265(a)(1) (relating to disallowance of certain deductions).

(B)

Gross income from sources within the United States shall be determined without regard to section 894 (relating to income exempt under treaty).

(C)

Paragraph (3) shall not apply to a foreign trust. In the case of such a trust, there shall be included gains from the sale or exchange of capital assets, reduced by losses from such sales or exchanges to the extent such losses do not exceed gains from such sales or exchanges.

(7)

Abusive transactions

The Secretary shall prescribe such regulations as may be necessary or appropriate to carry out the purposes of this part, including regulations to prevent avoidance of such purposes.

If the estate or trust is allowed a deduction under section 642(c), the amount of the modifications specified in paragraphs (5) and (6) shall be reduced to the extent that the amount of income which is paid, permanently set aside, or to be used for the purposes specified in section 642(c) is deemed to consist of items specified in those paragraphs. For this purpose, such amount shall (in the absence of specific provisions in the governing instrument) be deemed to consist of the same proportion of each class of items of income of the estate or trust as the total of each class bears to the total of all classes.

(b)

Income

For purposes of this subpart and subparts B, C, and D, the term “income”, when not preceded by the words “taxable”, “distributable net”, “undistributed net”, or “gross”, means the amount of income of the estate or trust for the taxable year determined under the terms of the governing instrument and applicable local law. Items of gross income constituting extraordinary dividends or taxable stock dividends which the fiduciary, acting in good faith, determines to be allocable to corpus under the terms of the governing instrument and applicable local law shall not be considered income.

(c)

Beneficiary

For purposes of this part, the term “beneficiary” includes heir, legatee, devisee.

(d)

Coordination with back-up withholding

Except to the extent otherwise provided in regulations, this subchapter shall be applied with respect to payments subject to withholding under section 3406—

(1)

by allocating between the estate or trust and its beneficiaries any credit allowable under section 31(c) (on the basis of their respective shares of any such payment taken into account under this subchapter),

(2)

by treating each beneficiary to whom such credit is allocated as if an amount equal to such credit has been paid to him by the estate or trust, and

(3)

by allowing the estate or trust a deduction in an amount equal to the credit so allocated to beneficiaries.

(e)

Treatment of property distributed in kind

(1)

Basis of beneficiary

The basis of any property received by a beneficiary in a distribution from an estate or trust shall be—

(A)

the adjusted basis of such property in the hands of the estate or trust immediately before the distribution, adjusted for

(B)

any gain or loss recognized to the estate or trust on the distribution.

(2)

Amount of distribution

In the case of any distribution of property (other than cash), the amount taken into account under sections 661(a)(2) and 662(a)(2) shall be the lesser of—

(A)

the basis of such property in the hands of the beneficiary (as determined under paragraph (1)), or

(B)

the fair market value of such property.

(3)

Election to recognize gain

(A)

In general

In the case of any distribution of property (other than cash) to which an election under this paragraph applies—

(i)

paragraph (2) shall not apply,

(ii)

gain or loss shall be recognized by the estate or trust in the same manner as if such property had been sold to the distributee at its fair market value, and

(iii)

the amount taken into account under sections 661(a)(2) and 662(a)(2) shall be the fair market value of such property.

(B)

Election

Any election under this paragraph shall apply to all distributions made by the estate or trust during a taxable year and shall be made on the return of such estate or trust for such taxable year.

Any such election, once made, may be revoked only with the consent of the Secretary.

(4)

Exception for distributions described in section 663(a)

This subsection shall not apply to any distribution described in section 663(a).

(f)

Treatment of multiple trusts

For purposes of this subchapter, under regulations prescribed by the Secretary, 2 or more trusts shall be treated as 1 trust if—

(1)

such trusts have substantially the same grantor or grantors and substantially the same primary beneficiary or beneficiaries, and

(2)

a principal purpose of such trusts is the avoidance of the tax imposed by this chapter.

For purposes of the preceding sentence, a husband and wife shall be treated as 1 person.

(g)

Certain payments of estimated tax treated as paid by beneficiary

(1)

In general

In the case of a trust—

(A)

the trustee may elect to treat any portion of a payment of estimated tax made by such trust for any taxable year of the trust as a payment made by a beneficiary of such trust,

(B)

any amount so treated shall be treated as paid or credited to the beneficiary on the last day of such taxable year, and

(C)

for purposes of subtitle F, the amount so treated—

(i)

shall not be treated as a payment of estimated tax made by the trust, but

(ii)

shall be treated as a payment of estimated tax made by such beneficiary on January 15 following the taxable year.

(2)

Time for making election

An election under paragraph (1) shall be made on or before the 65th day after the close of the taxable year of the trust and in such manner as the Secretary may prescribe.

(3)

Extension to last year of estate

In the case of a taxable year reasonably expected to be the last taxable year of an estate—

(A)

any reference in this subsection to a trust shall be treated as including a reference to an estate, and

(B)

the fiduciary of the estate shall be treated as the trustee.

(h)

Distributions by certain foreign trusts through nominees

For purposes of this part, any amount paid to a United States person which is derived directly or indirectly from a foreign trust of which the payor is not the grantor shall be deemed in the year of payment to have been directly paid by the foreign trust to such United States person.

(i)

Loans from foreign trusts

For purposes of subparts B, C, and D—

(1)

General rule

Except as provided in regulations, if a foreign trust makes a loan of cash or marketable securities (or permits the use of any other trust property) directly or indirectly to or by—

(A)

any grantor or beneficiary of such trust who is a United States person, or

(B)

any United States person not described in subparagraph (A) who is related to such grantor or beneficiary,

the amount of such loan (or the fair market value of the use of such property) shall be treated as a distribution by such trust to such grantor or beneficiary (as the case may be).

(2)

Definitions and special rules

For purposes of this subsection—

(A)

Cash

The term “cash” includes foreign currencies and cash equivalents.

(B)

Related person

(i)

In general

A person is related to another person if the relationship between such persons would result in a disallowance of losses under section 267 or 707(b). In applying section 267 for purposes of the preceding sentence, section 267(c)(4) shall be applied as if the family of an individual includes the spouses of the members of the family.

(ii)

Allocation

If any person described in paragraph (1)(B) is related to more than one person, the grantor or beneficiary to whom the treatment under this subsection applies shall be determined under regulations prescribed by the Secretary.

(C)

Exclusion of tax-exempts

The term “United States person” does not include any entity exempt from tax under this chapter.

(D)

Trust not treated as simple trust

Any trust which is treated under this subsection as making a distribution shall be treated as not described in section 651.

(E)

Exception for compensated use of property

In the case of the use of any trust property other than a loan of cash or marketable securities, paragraph (1) shall not apply to the extent that the trust is paid the fair market value of such use within a reasonable period of time of such use.

(3)

Subsequent transactions

If any loan (or use of property) is taken into account under paragraph (1), any subsequent transaction between the trust and the original borrower regarding the principal of the loan (by way of complete or partial repayment, satisfaction, cancellation, discharge, or otherwise) or the return of such property shall be disregarded for purposes of this title.

Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736 68A Stat. 217 Pub. L. 87–834, § 7(a)Oct. 16, 196276 Stat. 985 Pub. L. 94–455, title X, § 1013(c)Oct. 4, 197690 Stat. 1615 Pub. L. 96–223, title IV, § 404(b)(4)Apr. 2, 198094 Stat. 306 Pub. L. 97–34, title III, § 301(b)(4)Aug. 13, 198195 Stat. 270 Pub. L. 97–248, title IIISept. 3, 198296 Stat. 586 Pub. L. 97–448, title I, § 103(a)(3)Jan. 12, 198396 Stat. 2375 Pub. L. 98–67, title I, § 102(a)Aug. 5, 198397 Stat. 369 Pub. L. 98–369, div. A, title IJuly 18, 198498 Stat. 597 Pub. L. 99–514, title III, § 301(b)(7)Oct. 22, 1986100 Stat. 2217 Pub. L. 100–647, title I, § 1014(d)(3)Nov. 10, 1988102 Stat. 3561 Pub. L. 101–239, title VII, § 7811(b)Dec. 19, 1989103 Stat. 2406 Pub. L. 103–66, title XIII, § 13113(d)(3)Aug. 10, 1993107 Stat. 430 Pub. L. 104–188, title IAug. 20, 1996110 Stat. 1912 Pub. L. 111–147, title V, § 533(a)Mar. 18, 2010124 Stat. 114 (, ; , , ; , (e)(2), , , 1616; , , ; , (6)(B), , ; , §§ 302(b)(1), 308(a), , , 591; , , ; , , ; , §§ 81(a), 82(a), title VII, § 722(h)(3), , , 598, 975; , title VI, § 612(b)(4), title XIV, § 1404(b), title XVIII, § 1806(a), (c), , , 2250, 2713, 2810, 2811; , (4), , ; , (f)(1), , , 2409; , , ; , §§ 1904(c)(1), 1906(b), (c)(1), , , 1915; , (b), (d), , .)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

Pub. L. 111–147, § 533(a)2010—Subsec. (i)(1). , substituted “(or permits the use of any other trust property) directly or indirectly to or by” for “directly or indirectly to” in introductory provisions and inserted “(or the fair market value of the use of such property)” after “the amount of such loan” in concluding provisions.

Pub. L. 111–147, § 533(b)Subsec. (i)(2)(E). , added subpar. (E).

Pub. L. 111–147, § 533(d)Subsec. (i)(3). , struck out “regarding loan principal” after “transactions” in heading and inserted “(or use of property)” after “If any loan” and “or the return of such property” after “otherwise)”.

Pub. L. 104–188, § 1906(b)1996—Subsec. (a)(7). , added par. (7).

Pub. L. 104–188, § 1904(c)(1)Subsec. (h). , added subsec. (h).

Pub. L. 104–188, § 1906(c)(1)Subsec. (i). , added subsec. (i).

Pub. L. 103–661993—Subsec. (a)(3). inserted at end “The exclusion under section 1202 shall not be taken into account.”

Pub. L. 101–239, § 7811(f)(1)1989—Subsec. (a)(6)(A). , substituted “section 265(a)(1)” for “section 265(1)”.

Pub. L. 101–239, § 7811(b)(1)Subsec. (a)(6)(C). , struck out “(i)” after “such a trust,” and “, and (ii) the deduction under section 1202 (relating to deduction for excess of capital gains over capital losses) shall not be taken into account” before period at end.

Pub. L. 101–239, § 7811(b)(2)December 31, 1975December 31, 1975December 31, 1975Subsec. (a)(6)(D). , struck out subpar. (D) which read as follows: “Effective for distributions made in taxable years beginning after , the undistributed net income of each foreign trust for each taxable year beginning on or before , remaining undistributed at the close of the last taxable year beginning on or before , shall be redetermined by taking into account the deduction allowed by section 1202.”

Pub. L. 100–647, § 1014(d)(3)(A)1988—Subsec. (g)(1). , struck out at end “The preceding sentence shall apply only to the extent the payments of estimated tax made by the trust for the taxable year exceed the tax imposed by this chapter shown on its return for the taxable year.”

Pub. L. 100–647, § 1014(d)(3)(B)Subsec. (g)(2). , amended par. (2) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (2) read as follows: “An election under paragraph (1) may be made—

“(A) only on the trust’s return of the tax imposed by this chapter for the taxable year, and

“(B) only if such return is filed on or before the 65th day after the close of the taxable year.”

Pub. L. 100–647, § 1014(d)(4)Subsec. (g)(3). , added par. (3).

Pub. L. 99–514, § 301(b)(7)1986—Subsec. (a)(3). , struck out “The deduction under section 1202 (relating to deduction for excess of capital gains over capital losses) shall not be taken into account.”

Pub. L. 99–514, § 612(b)(4)Subsec. (a)(7). , struck out par. (7), dividends or interest, which read as follows: “There shall be included the amount of any dividends or interest excluded from gross income pursuant to section 116 (relating to partial exclusion of dividends) or section 128 (relating to certain interest).”

Pub. L. 99–514, § 1806(c)(1)Subsec. (d). , redesignated subsec. (d), relating to treatment of property distributed in kind, as (e). Former subsec. (e) redesignated (f).

Pub. L. 99–514, § 1806(a)Subsec. (e). , (c)(1), redesignated subsec. (d) relating to treatment of property distributed in kind as (e) and amended par. (3)(B) generally, substituting “shall apply to all distributions made by the estate or trust during a taxable year and shall be made on the return of such estate or trust for such taxable year” for “shall be made by the estate or trust on its return for the taxable year for which the distribution was made”. Former subsec. (e) redesignated (f).

Pub. L. 99–514, § 1806(c)(2)Subsec. (f). , redesignated subsec. (e) as (f).

Pub. L. 99–514, § 1404(b)Subsec. (g). , added subsec. (g).

Pub. L. 98–369, § 81(a)1984—Subsec. (d). , added subsec. (d) relating to treatment of property distributed in kind.

Pub. L. 98–369, § 722(h)(3), added subsec. (d) relating to coordination with back-up withholding.

Pub. L. 98–369, § 82(a)Subsec. (e). , added subsec. (e).

Pub. L. 97–4481983—Subsec. (a)(7). substituted “section 116 (relating to partial exclusion of dividends) or section 128 (relating to certain interest)” for “section 116 (relating to partial exclusion of dividends or interest received) or section 128 (relating to interest on certain savings certificates)”.

Pub. L. 98–67 Pub. L. 97–248Subsec. (d). repealed amendments made by . See 1982 Amendment note below.

Pub. L. 97–248June 30, 1983Pub. L. 98–67, title IAug. 5, 198397 Stat. 369 Pub. L. 97–248June 30, 19831982—Subsec. (d). provided that, applicable to payments of interest, dividends, and patronage dividends paid or credited after , this section is amended by adding subsec. (d) relating to coordination with withholding on interest and dividends. Section 102(a), (b) of , , , repealed subtitle A (§§ 301–308) of title III of as of the close of , and provided that the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 (this title) shall be applied and administered (subject to certain exceptions) as if such subtitle A (and the amendments made by such subtitle A) had not been enacted.

Pub. L. 97–34, § 301(b)(6)(A)Pub. L. 96–2231981—Subsec. (a)(7). , inserted reference to “interest” in heading and text, which continued the amendment made by .

Pub. L. 97–34, § 301(b)(4), inserted “or section 128 (relating to interest on certain savings certificates)” after “received)”.

Pub. L. 96–2231980—Subsec. (a)(7). inserted “or interest” after “dividends” in heading and text.

Pub. L. 94–455, § 1013(c)(1)1976—Subsec. (a)(6)(C). , struck out “created by a United States person” after “foreign trust”.

Pub. L. 94–455, § 1013(c)(2)Subsec. (a)(6)(D). , added subpar. (D).

Pub. L. 94–455, § 1013(e)(2)Subsec. (d). , struck out subsec. (a) which defined a foreign trust created by a United States person.

Pub. L. 87–834, § 7(a)(1)1962—Subsec. (a)(6). , substituted “Income of foreign trust” for “Foreign income” in heading, designated existing provisions as subpar. (A), and added subpars. (B) and (C).

Pub. L. 87–834, § 7(a)(2)Subsec. (d). , added subsec. (d).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2010 Amendment

Pub. L. 111–147, title V, § 533(e)Mar. 18, 2010124 Stat. 114

section 679 of this titleMar. 18, 2010“The amendments made by this section [amending this section and ] shall apply to loans made, and uses of property, after the date of the enactment of this Act [].”

, , , provided that:

Effective Date of 1996 Amendment

Pub. L. 104–188, title I, § 1904(d)Aug. 20, 1996110 Stat. 1912

“(1)

In general .—

Aug. 20, 1996Except as provided by paragraph (2), the amendments made by this section [amending this section and sections 665, 672, and 901 of this title] shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act [].

“(2)

Exception for certain trusts .—

The amendments made by this section shall not apply to any trust—

“(A)

which is treated as owned by the grantor under section 676 or 677 (other than subsection (a)(3) thereof) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, and

“(B)

September 19, 1995 which is in existence on .

September 19, 1995The preceding sentence shall not apply to the portion of any such trust attributable to any transfer to such trust after .”

, , , provided that:

Pub. L. 104–188, title I, § 1906(d)(2)Aug. 20, 1996110 Stat. 1916

“(2)

Abusive transactions .—

Aug. 20, 1996The amendment made by subsection (b) [amending this section] shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act [].

“(3)

Loans from trusts .—

section 7872 of this titleSeptember 19, 1995The amendment made by subsection (c) [amending this section and ] shall apply to loans of cash or marketable securities made after .”

, (3), , , provided that:

Effective Date of 1993 Amendment

Pub. L. 103–66Aug. 10, 1993section 13113(e) of Pub. L. 103–66 section 53 of this titleAmendment by applicable to stock issued after , see , set out as a note under .

Effective Date of 1989 Amendment

Pub. L. 101–239 Pub. L. 100–647 section 7817 of Pub. L. 101–239 section 1 of this titleAmendment by effective, except as otherwise provided, as if included in the provision of the Technical and Miscellaneous Revenue Act of 1988, , to which such amendment relates, see , set out as a note under .

Effective Date of 1988 Amendment

Pub. L. 100–647 Pub. L. 99–514 section 1019(a) of Pub. L. 100–647 section 1 of this titleAmendment by effective, except as otherwise provided, as if included in the provision of the Tax Reform Act of 1986, , to which such amendment relates, see , set out as a note under .

Effective Date of 1986 Amendment

section 301(b)(7) of Pub. L. 99–514Dec. 31, 1986section 301(c) of Pub. L. 99–514 section 62 of this titleAmendment by applicable to taxable years beginning after , see , set out as a note under .

section 612(b)(4) of Pub. L. 99–514Dec. 31, 1986section 612(c) of Pub. L. 99–514 section 301 of this titleAmendment by applicable to taxable years beginning after , see , set out as a note under .

Pub. L. 99–514, title XIV, § 1404(d)Oct. 22, 1986100 Stat. 2714

section 6152 of this titleDecember 31, 1986“The amendments made by this section [amending this section and sections 6215, 6601, and 6654 of this title and repealing ] shall apply to taxable years beginning after .”

, , , provided that:

Pub. L. 99–514 Pub. L. 98–369, div. A section 1881 of Pub. L. 99–514 section 48 of this titleAmendment by section 1806(a), (c) of effective, except as otherwise provided, as if included in the provisions of the Tax Reform Act of 1984, , to which such amendment relates, see , set out as a note under .

Effective Date of 1984 Amendment

Pub. L. 98–369, div. A, title I, § 81(b)July 18, 198498 Stat. 598 Pub. L. 99–514, § 2Oct. 22, 1986100 Stat. 2095

“(1)

In general .—

June 1, 1984The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall apply to distributions after , in taxable years ending after such date.

“(2)

Time for making election .—

July 18, 1984In the case of any distribution before the date of the enactment of this Act []—

“(A)

January 1, 1985 the time for making an election under section 643(d)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 [formerly I.R.C. 1954] (as added by this section) shall not expire before , and

“(B)

the requirement that such election be made on the return of the estate or trust shall not apply.”

, , , as amended by , , , provided that:

Pub. L. 98–369, div. A, title I, § 82(b)July 18, 198498 Stat. 598 Pub. L. 99–514, title XVIII, § 1806(b)Oct. 22, 1986100 Stat. 2811

March 1, 1984March 1, 1984March 1, 1984“The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall apply to taxable years beginning after ; except that, in the case of a trust which was irrevocable on , such amendment shall so apply only to that portion of the trust which is attributable to contributions to corpus after .”

, , , as amended by , , , provided that:

Pub. L. 98–369, div. A, title VII, § 722(h)(5)July 18, 198498 Stat. 976

“(A)

Pub. L. 98–67 Except as provided in this paragraph, the amendments made by this subsection [amending this section and sections 3405, 3406, and 6041 of this title] shall apply as if included in the amendments made by the Interest and Dividend Tax Compliance Act of 1983 [].

“(B)

December 31, 1984January 1, 1985 The amendments made by paragraph (4) [amending sections 3405 and 6041 of this title] shall apply to payments or distributions after , unless the payor elects to have such amendments apply to payments or distributions before .”

, , , provided that:

Effective Date of 1983 Amendment

Pub. L. 97–448 Pub. L. 97–34 section 109 of Pub. L. 97–448 section 1 of this titleAmendment by effective, except as otherwise provided, as if it had been included in the provision of the Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981, , to which such amendment relates, see , set out as a note under .

Effective Date of 1981 Amendment

section 301(b)(4) of Pub. L. 97–34Sept. 30, 1981section 301(b)(6)(A) of Pub. L. 97–34Dec. 31, 1981section 301(d) of Pub. L. 97–34 section 265 of this titleAmendment by applicable to taxable years ending after , and amendment by applicable to taxable years beginning after , see , set out as a note under .

Effective and Termination Dates of 1980 Amendment

Pub. L. 96–223Dec. 31, 1980Jan. 1, 1982section 404(c) of Pub. L. 96–223 section 265 of this titleAmendment by applicable with respect to taxable years beginning after , and before , see , set out as a note under .

Effective Date of 1976 Amendment

section 1013(e)(2) of Pub. L. 94–455 section 1013(f)(1) of Pub. L. 94–455 section 679 of this titleFor effective date of amendment by , see , set out as an Effective Date note under .

Pub. L. 94–455, title X, § 1013(f)(2)Oct. 4, 197690 Stat. 1617

December 31, 1975“The amendments made by subsection (c) [amending this section] shall apply to taxable years beginning after .”

, , , provided that:

Effective Date of 1962 Amendment

Pub. L. 87–834, § 7(j)Oct. 16, 196276 Stat. 989

section 669 of this title section 7701 of this titleDecember 31, 1962“The amendments made by this section [amending this section and sections 665, 666, and 668 of this title and enacting ] (other than by subsections (f), (g) and (h) [enacting sections 6048 and 6677 of this title and amending ]), shall apply with respect to distributions made after .”

, , , provided that:

Treatment as Single Trust

Pub. L. 100–647, title X, § 1018(e)Nov. 10, 1988102 Stat. 3581

“If—

“(1)

March 1, 1984 on a return for the 1st taxable year of the trusts involved beginning after , 2 or more trusts were treated as a single trust for purposes of the tax imposed by chapter 1 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 [now 1986],

“(2)

Pub. L. 99–514 such trusts would have been required to be so treated but for the amendment made by section 1806(b) of the Reform Act [, which amended provisions set out as an Effective Date of 1984 Amendment note above], and

“(3)

such trusts did not accumulate any income during such taxable year and did not make any accumulation distributions during such taxable year,

then, notwithstanding the amendment made by section 1806(b) of the Reform Act, such trusts shall be treated as one trust for purposes of such taxable year.”

, , , provided that:

Plan Amendments Not Required Until January 1, 1989

Pub. L. 99–514Jan. 1, 1989section 1140 of Pub. L. 99–514 section 401 of this titleFor provisions directing that if any amendments made by subtitle A or subtitle C of title XI [§§ 1101–1147 and 1171–1177] or title XVIII [§§ 1800–1899A] of require an amendment to any plan, such plan amendment shall not be required to be made before the first plan year beginning on or after , see , as amended, set out as a note under .