Public Law 119-73 (01/23/2026)

28 U.S.C. § 1338

Patents, plant variety protection, copyrights, mask works, designs, trademarks, and unfair competition

(a)
The district courts shall have original jurisdiction of any civil action arising under any Act of Congress relating to patents, plant variety protection, copyrights and trademarks. No State court shall have jurisdiction over any claim for relief arising under any Act of Congress relating to patents, plant variety protection, or copyrights. For purposes of this subsection, the term “State” includes any State of the United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the United States Virgin Islands, American Samoa, Guam, and the Northern Mariana Islands.
(b)
The district courts shall have original jurisdiction of any civil action asserting a claim of unfair competition when joined with a substantial and related claim under the copyright, patent, plant variety protection or trademark laws.
(c)
Subsections (a) and (b) apply to exclusive rights in mask works under chapter 9 of title 17, and to exclusive rights in designs under chapter 13 of title 17, to the same extent as such subsections apply to copyrights.

June 25, 1948, ch. 64662 Stat. 931Pub. L. 91–577, title III, § 143(b)84 Stat. 1559Pub. L. 100–702, title X, § 1020(a)(4)102 Stat. 4671Pub. L. 105–304, title V, § 503(b)(1)112 Stat. 2917Pub. L. 106–113, div. B, § 1000(a)(9) [title III, § 3009(1)]113 Stat. 1536Pub. L. 112–29, § 19(a)125 Stat. 331(, ; , , ; , , ; , (2)(A), , ; , , , 1501A–551; , , .)

Historical and Revision Notes

Mar. 3, 1911, ch. 23136 Stat. 1092Based on title 28, U.S.C., 1940 ed., §§ 41(7) and 371(5) (, §§ 24, par. 7, 256, par. 5, , 1160).

Section consolidates section 41(7) with section 371 (5) of title 28, U.S.C., 1940 ed., with necessary changes in phraseology.

Words “of any civil action” were substituted for “all suits at law or in equity” and “cases” to conform section to Rule 2 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure.

Word “patents” was substituted for “patent-right” in said section 371 (Fifth) of title 28, U.S.C., 1940 ed.

section 34 of title 17Similar provisions respecting suits cognizable in district courts, including those of territories and possessions. (See , U.S.C., 1940 ed., Copyrights.)

Hurn v. OurslerMusher Foundation v. Alba Trading CoSubsection (b) is added and is intended to avoid “piecemeal” litigation to enforce common-law and statutory copyright, patent, and trade-mark rights by specifically permitting such enforcement in a single civil action in the district court. While this is the rule under Federal decisions, this section would enact it as statutory authority. The problem is discussed at length in (1933, 53 S.Ct. 586, 289 U.S. 238, 77 L.Ed. 1148) and in . (C.C.A. 1942, 127 F.2d 9) (majority and dissenting opinions).

Editorial Notes

Amendments

Pub. L. 112–292011—Subsec. (a). substituted “No State court shall have jurisdiction over any claim for relief arising under any Act of Congress relating to patents, plant variety protection, or copyrights. For purposes of this subsection, the term ‘State’ includes any State of the United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the United States Virgin Islands, American Samoa, Guam, and the Northern Mariana Islands.” for “Such jurisdiction shall be exclusive of the courts of the states in patent, plant variety protection and copyright cases.”

Pub. L. 106–1131999— substituted “trademarks” for “trade-marks” in section catchline and subsec. (a) and substituted “trademark” for “trade-mark” in subsec. (b).

Pub. L. 105–304, § 503(b)(2)(A)1998—, inserted “designs,” after “mask works,” in section catchline.

Pub. L. 105–304, § 503(b)(1)Subsec. (c). , inserted “, and to exclusive rights in designs under chapter 13 of title 17,” after “title 17”.

Pub. L. 100–702, § 1020(a)(4)(B)1988—, amended section catchline generally, inserting “mask works,” after “copyrights,”.

Pub. L. 100–702, § 1020(a)(4)(A)Subsec. (c). , added subsec. (c).

Pub. L. 91–5771970— inserted references to “plant variety protection” in section catchline and in subsecs. (a) and (b).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2011 Amendment

Pub. L. 112–29section 19(e) of Pub. L. 112–29section 1295 of this titleAmendment by applicable to any civil action commenced on or after , see , set out as a note under .

Effective Date of 1970 Amendment

Pub. L. 91–577section 141 of Pub. L. 91–577section 2321 of Title 7Amendment by effective , see , set out as an Effective Date note under , Agriculture.