28 U.S.C. § 2631 | Persons entitled to commence a civil action

(a)

A civil action contesting the denial of a protest, in whole or in part, under section 515 of the Tariff Act of 1930 may be commenced in the Court of International Trade by the person who filed the protest pursuant to section 514 of such Act, or by a surety on the transaction which is the subject of the protest.

(b)

A civil action contesting the denial of a petition under section 516 of the Tariff Act of 1930 may be commenced in the Court of International Trade by the person who filed such petition.

(c)

A civil action contesting a determination listed in section 516A of the Tariff Act of 1930 may be commenced in the Court of International Trade by any interested party who was a party to the proceeding in connection with which the matter arose.

(d)

(1)

A civil action to review any final determination of the Secretary of Labor under section 223 of the Trade Act of 1974 with respect to the eligibility of workers for adjustment assistance under such Act may be commenced in the Court of International Trade by a worker, group of workers, certified or recognized union, or authorized representative of such worker or group that applies for assistance under such Act and is aggrieved by such final determination.

(2)

A civil action to review any final determination of the Secretary of Commerce under section 251 of the Trade Act of 1974 with respect to the eligibility of a firm for adjustment assistance under such Act may be commenced in the Court of International Trade by a firm or its representative that applies for assistance under such Act and is aggrieved by such final determination, or by any other interested domestic party that is aggrieved by such final determination.

(3)

A civil action to review any final determination of the Secretary of Commerce under section 271 of the Trade Act of 1974 with respect to the eligibility of a community for adjustment assistance under such Act may be commenced in the Court of International Trade by a community that applies for assistance under such Act and is aggrieved by such final determination, or by any other interested domestic party that is aggrieved by such final determination.

(e)

A civil action to review a final determination made under section 305(b)(1) of the Trade Agreements Act of 1979 may be commenced in the Court of International Trade by any person who was a party-at-interest with respect to such determination.

(f)

A civil action involving an application for the issuance of an order directing the administering authority or the International Trade Commission to make confidential information available under section 777(c)(2) of the Tariff Act of 1930 may be commenced in the Court of International Trade by any interested party whose application for disclosure of such confidential information was denied under section 777(c)(1) of such Act.

(g)

(1)

A civil action to review any decision of the Secretary of the Treasury to deny a customs broker’s license under section 641(b)(2) or (3) of the Tariff Act of 1930, or to deny a customs broker’s permit under section 641(c)(1) of such Act, or to revoke such license or permit under section 641(b)(5) or (c)(2) of such Act, may be commenced in the Court of International Trade by the person whose license or permit was denied or revoked.

(2)

A civil action to review any decision of the Secretary of the Treasury to revoke or suspend a customs broker’s license or permit or impose a monetary penalty in lieu thereof under section 641(d)(2)(B) of the Tariff Act of 1930 may be commenced in the Court of International Trade by the person against whom the decision was issued.

(3)

A civil action to review any decision or order of the Customs Service to deny, suspend, or revoke accreditation of a private laboratory under section 499(b) of the Tariff Act of 1930 may be commenced in the Court of International Trade by the person whose accreditation was denied, suspended, or revoked.

(h)

section 1581(h) of this title section 1581(a) of this title A civil action described in may be commenced in the Court of International Trade by the person who would have standing to bring a civil action under if he imported the goods involved and filed a protest which was denied, in whole or in part, under section 515 of the Tariff Act of 1930.

(i)

section 702 of title 5 Any civil action of which the Court of International Trade has jurisdiction, other than an action specified in subsections (a)–(h) of this section, may be commenced in the court by any person adversely affected or aggrieved by agency action within the meaning of .

(j)

(1)

Any person who would be adversely affected or aggrieved by a decision in a civil action pending in the Court of International Trade may, by leave of court, intervene in such action, except that—

(A)

no person may intervene in a civil action under section 515 or 516 of the Tariff Act of 1930;

(B)

in a civil action under section 516A of the Tariff Act of 1930, only an interested party who was a party to the proceeding in connection with which the matter arose may intervene, and such person may intervene as a matter of right; and

(C)

in a civil action under section 777(c)(2) of the Tariff Act of 1930, only a person who was a party to the investigation may intervene, and such person may intervene as a matter of right.

(2)

In those civil actions in which intervention is by leave of court, the Court of International Trade shall consider whether the intervention will unduly delay or prejudice the adjudication of the rights of the original parties.

(k)

In this section—

(1)

“interested party” has the meaning given such term in section 771(9) of the Tariff Act of 1930; and

(2)

“party-at-interest” means—

(A)

a foreign manufacturer, producer, or exporter, or a United States importer, of merchandise which is the subject of a final determination under section 305(b)(1) of the Trade Agreements Act of 1979;

(B)

a manufacturer, producer, or wholesaler in the United States of a like product;

(C)

United States members of a labor organization or other association of workers whose members are employed in the manufacture, production, or wholesale in the United States of a like product;

(D)

1 So in original. The comma probably should be a semicolon.

a trade or business association a majority of whose members manufacture, produce, or wholesale a like product in the United States, and

(E)

an association composed of members who represent parties-at-interest described in subparagraph (B), (C), or (D).

Pub. L. 96–417, title III, § 301Oct. 10, 198094 Stat. 1730 Pub. L. 98–573, title II, § 212(b)(3)Oct. 30, 198498 Stat. 2983 Pub. L. 103–182, title VI, § 684(a)(2)Dec. 8, 1993107 Stat. 2219 (Added , , ; amended , title VI, § 612(b)(3), , , 3034; , , .)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

section 1515 of Title 19Section 515 of the Tariff Act of 1930, referred to in subsecs. (a), (h), (j)(1)(A), is classified to , Customs Duties.

section 1514 of Title 19Section 514 of the Tariff Act of 1930, referred to in subsec. (a), is classified to .

section 1516 of Title 19Section 516 of the Tariff Act of 1930, referred to in subsecs. (b), (j)(1)(A), is classified to .

section 1516a of Title 19Section 516A of the Tariff Act of 1930, referred to in subsecs. (c), (j)(1)(B), is classified to .

Pub. L. 93–618Jan. 3, 197588 Stat. 1978 Section 2371 of Title 19Sept. 30, 1982section 2101 of Title 19The Trade Act of 1974, referred to in subsec. (d)(1) to (3), is , , , which is classified principally to chapter 12 (§ 2101 et seq.) of Title 19. Sections 223, 251, and 271 of the Trade Act of 1974 are classified to sections 2273, 2341, and 2371, respectively, of Title 19. was omitted from the Code as terminated . For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see References in Text note set out under and Tables.

section 2515(b)(1) of Title 19Section 305(b)(1) of the Trade Agreements Act of 1979, referred to in subsecs. (e), (k)(2)(A), is classified to .

section 1677f of Title 19Section 777 of the Tariff Act of 1930, referred to in subsecs. (f), (j)(1)(C), is classified to .

section 1641 of Title 19Section 641 of the Tariff Act of 1930, referred to in subsec. (g), is classified to .

section 1499(b) of Title 19Section 499(b) of the Tariff Act of 1930, referred to in subsec. (g)(3), is classified to .

section 1677(9) of Title 19Section 771(9) of the Tariff Act of 1930, referred to in subsec. (k)(1), is classified to .

Prior Provisions

June 25, 1948, ch. 646 62 Stat. 980 May 24, 1949, ch. 139, § 122 63 Stat. 106 June 2, 1970Pub. L. 91–271, title I, § 11284 Stat. 278 Jan. 3, 1975Pub. L. 93–618, title III, § 321(f)(2)88 Stat. 2048 Pub. L. 96–417 section 2636 of this titleA prior section 2631, acts , ; , ; , , ; , , , related to time for commencement of action, prior to the general revision of this chapter by . See .

Amendments

Pub. L. 103–1821993—Subsec. (g)(3). added par. (3).

Pub. L. 98–573, § 212(b)(3)1984—Subsec. (g). , amended subsec. (g) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (g) read as follows:

“(1) A civil action to review any decision of the Secretary of the Treasury to deny or revoke a customhouse broker’s license under section 641(a) of the Tariff Act of 1930 may be commenced in the Court of International Trade by the person whose license was denied or revoked.

“(2) A civil action to review any order of the Secretary of the Treasury to revoke or suspend a customhouse broker’s license under section 641(b) of the Tariff Act of 1930 may be commenced in the Court of International Trade by the person whose license was revoked or suspended.”

Pub. L. 98–573, § 612(b)(3)Subsec. (k)(2)(E). , added subpar. (E).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1984 Amendment

section 212(b)(3) of Pub. L. 98–573Oct. 30, 1984section 214(d) of Pub. L. 98–573 section 1304 of Title 19Amendment by effective on close of 180th day after , see , set out as a note under , Customs Duties.

section 612(b)(3) of Pub. L. 98–573 19 U.S.C. 1671 19 U.S.C. 1675Oct. 30, 1984section 626(b)(1) of Pub. L. 98–573 section 1671 of Title 19Amendment by applicable with respect to investigations initiated by petition or by the administering authority under subtitle A or B of title VII of the Tariff Act of 1930 ( et seq., 1673 et seq.), and to reviews begun under section 751 of that Act (), on or after , see , as amended, set out as a note under .

Effective Date

Nov. 1, 1980section 701(a) of Pub. L. 96–417 section 251 of this titleChapter effective , unless otherwise provided, and applicable with respect to civil actions pending on or commenced on or after such date, see , set out as an Effective Date of 1980 Amendment note under .

Nov. 1, 1980section 701(b)(1)(B) of Pub. L. 96–417Subsecs. (d) and (g) to (j) of this section applicable with respect to civil actions commenced on or after , see .

Application of 1993 Amendment

Pub. L. 103–182Dec. 8, 199319 U.S.C. 1499(b)section 684(b) of Pub. L. 103–182 section 1581 of this titleFor purposes of applying amendment by , any decision or order of Customs Service denying, suspending, or revoking accreditation of a private laboratory on or after , and before regulations to implement are issued to be treated as having been denied, suspended, or revoked under such section 1499(b), see , formerly set out as a note under .

Transfer of Functions

November 25, 2002section 542 of Title 6 Pub. L. 107–296Nov. 25, 2002section 211 of Title 6 Pub. L. 114–125 section 802(b) of Pub. L. 114–125 section 211 of Title 6For transfer of functions, personnel, assets, and liabilities of the United States Customs Service of the Department of the Treasury, including functions of the Secretary of the Treasury relating thereto, to the Secretary of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see sections 203(1), 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of , as modified, set out as a note under . For establishment of U.S. Customs and Border Protection in the Department of Homeland Security, treated as if included in as of , see , as amended generally by , and , set out as a note under .