US Code

Public Law 119-87 (04/30/2026)

29 U.S.C. § 1134

Investigative authority

(a)

Investigation and submission of reports, books, etc.

The Secretary shall have the power, in order to determine whether any person has violated or is about to violate any provision of this subchapter or any regulation or order thereunder—
(1)
to make an investigation, and in connection therewith to require the submission of reports, books, and records, and the filing of data in support of any information required to be filed with the Secretary under this subchapter, and
(2)
to enter such places, inspect such books and records and question such persons as he may deem necessary to enable him to determine the facts relative to such investigation, if he has reasonable cause to believe there may exist a violation of this subchapter or any rule or regulation issued thereunder or if the entry is pursuant to an agreement with the plan.
section 6103(g) of title 26The Secretary may make available to any person actually affected by any matter which is the subject of an investigation under this section, and to any department or agency of the United States, information concerning any matter which may be the subject of such investigation; except that any information obtained by the Secretary pursuant to shall be made available only in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Secretary of the Treasury.
(b)

Frequency of submission of books and records

The Secretary may not under the authority of this section require any plan to submit to the Secretary any books or records of the plan more than once in any 12 month period, unless the Secretary has reasonable cause to believe there may exist a violation of this subchapter or any regulation or order thereunder.

(c)

Other provisions applicable relating to attendance of witnesses and production of books, records, etc.

section 1813(q) of title 12For the purposes of any investigation provided for in this subchapter, the provisions of sections 49 and 50 of title 15 (relating to the attendance of witnesses and the production of books, records, and documents) are hereby made applicable (without regard to any limitation in such sections respecting persons, partnerships, banks, or common carriers) to the jurisdiction, powers, and duties of the Secretary or any officers designated by him. To the extent he considers appropriate, the Secretary may delegate his investigative functions under this section with respect to insured banks acting as fiduciaries of employee benefit plans to the appropriate Federal banking agency (as defined in ).

(d)

Evidentiary privilege; confidentiality of communications

The Secretary may promulgate a regulation that provides an evidentiary privilege for, and provides for the confidentiality of communications between or among, any of the following entities or their agents, consultants, or employees:
(1)
A State insurance department.
(2)
A State attorney general.
(3)
The National Association of Insurance Commissioners.
(4)
The Department of Labor.
(5)
The Department of the Treasury.
(6)
The Department of Justice.
(7)
The Department of Health and Human Services.
(8)
Any other Federal or State authority that the Secretary determines is appropriate for the purposes of enforcing the provisions of this subchapter.
(e)

Application of privilege

The privilege established under subsection (d) shall apply to communications related to any investigation, audit, examination, or inquiry conducted or coordinated by any of the agencies. A communication that is privileged under subsection (d) shall not waive any privilege otherwise available to the communicating agency or to any person who provided the information that is communicated.

Pub. L. 93–406, title I, § 50488 Stat. 893 Pub. L. 101–239, title VII, § 7891(a)(1)103 Stat. 2445 Pub. L. 111–148, title VI, § 6607124 Stat. 781 (, , ; , , ; , , .)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

Pub. L. 111–1482010—Subsecs. (d), (e). added subsecs. (d) and (e).

Pub. L. 101–2391989—Subsec. (a). substituted “Internal Revenue Code of 1986” for “Internal Revenue Code of 1954”, which for purposes of codification was translated as “title 26” thus requiring no change in text.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1989 Amendment

Pub. L. 101–239Pub. L. 99–514section 7891(f) of Pub. L. 101–239section 1002 of this titleAmendment by effective, except as otherwise provided, as if included in the provision of the Tax Reform Act of 1986, , to which such amendment relates, see , set out as a note under .

Regulations

section 1031 of this titleSecretary authorized, effective , to promulgate regulations wherever provisions of this subchapter call for the promulgation of regulations, see .