In general
Liability to corporation
Amount of liability
In general
Except as provided in subparagraph (B), the liability to the corporation of a person described in subsection (a) shall be the total amount of the unfunded benefit liabilities (as of the termination date) to all participants and beneficiaries under the plan, together with interest (at a reasonable rate) calculated from the termination date in accordance with regulations prescribed by the corporation.
Special rule in case of subsequent insufficiency
section 1341(c)(3)(C)(ii) of this titleFor purposes of subparagraph (A), in any case described in , actuarial present values shall be determined as of the date of the notice to the corporation (or the finding by the corporation) described in such section.
Payment of liability
In general
Except as provided in subparagraph (B), the liability to the corporation under this subsection shall be due and payable to the corporation as of the termination date, in cash or securities acceptable to the corporation.
Special rule
Payment of so much of the liability under paragraph (1)(A) as exceeds 30 percent of the collective net worth of all persons described in subsection (a) (including interest) shall be made under commercially reasonable terms prescribed by the corporation. The parties involved shall make a reasonable effort to reach agreement on such commercially reasonable terms. Any such terms prescribed by the corporation shall provide for deferral of 50 percent of any amount of liability otherwise payable for any year under this subparagraph if a person subject to such liability demonstrates to the satisfaction of the corporation that no person subject to such liability has any individual pre-tax profits for such person’s fiscal year ending during such year.
Alternative arrangements
The corporation and any person liable under this section may agree to alternative arrangements for the satisfaction of liability to the corporation under this subsection.
Liability to section 1342 trustee
Definitions
Collective net worth of persons subject to liability
In general
Determination of net worth
Timing of determination
For purposes of this paragraph, determinations of net worth shall be made as of a day chosen by the corporation (during the 120-day period ending with the termination date) and shall be computed without regard to any liability under this section.
Pre-tax profits
Treatment of substantial cessation of operations
General rule
Except as provided in paragraphs (3) and (4), if there is a substantial cessation of operations at a facility in any location, the employer shall be treated with respect to any single employer plan established and maintained by the employer covering participants at such facility as if the employer were a substantial employer under a plan under which more than one employer makes contributions and the provisions of sections 1363, 1364, and 1365 of this title shall apply.
Substantial cessation of operations
In general
Workforce reduction
Subject to subparagraphs (C) and (D), the term “workforce reduction” means the number of eligible employees at a facility who are separated from employment by reason of the permanent cessation of operations of the employer at the facility.
Relocation of workforce
An eligible employee separated from employment at a facility shall not be taken into account in computing a workforce reduction if, within a reasonable period of time, the employee is replaced by the employer, at the same or another facility located in the United States, by an employee who is a citizen or resident of the United States.
Dispositions
Exemption for plans with limited underfunding
Election to make additional contributions to satisfy liability
In general
Amount determined
In general
Reduction fraction
Limitation
Permitted cessation of annual installments when plan becomes sufficiently funded
Coordination with funding waivers
In general
section 1082(c) of this titleIf the Secretary of the Treasury issues a funding waiver under with respect to the plan for a plan year in the 7-plan-year period under subparagraph (A), the additional contribution with respect to such plan year shall be permanently waived.
Notice
An employer maintaining a plan with respect to which such a funding waiver has been issued or a request for such a funding waiver is pending shall provide notice to the Secretary of the Treasury, in such form and at such time as the Secretary of the Treasury shall provide, of a cessation of operations to which paragraph (1) applies.
Enforcement
Notice
Acceleration of liability to the plan for failure to pay
If an employer fails to pay the additional contribution in the full amount for any year in the 7-plan-year period by the due date for such payment, the employer shall, as of such date, be liable to the plan in an amount equal to the balance which remains unpaid as of such date of the aggregate amount of additional contributions required to be paid by the employer during such 7-year-plan period. The Corporation may waive or settle the liability described in the preceding sentence, at the discretion of the Corporation.
Civil action
section 1303(e) of this titleThe Corporation may bring a civil action in the district courts of the United States in accordance with to compel an employer making such election to pay the additional contributions required under this paragraph.
Definitions
Eligible employee
section 1002(2) of this titleThe term “eligible employee” means an employee who is eligible to participate in an employee pension benefit plan (as defined in ) established and maintained by the employer.
Funding target
section 1306(a)(3)(E)(iii)(I) of this titlesection 1307 of this titleThe term “funding target” means, with respect to any plan year, the funding target as determined under for purposes of determining the premium paid to the Corporation under for the plan year.
Market value
section 1306(a)(3)(E) of this titleThe market value of the assets of a plan shall be determined in the same manner as for purposes of .
Special rules
Change in operation of certain facilities and property
section 856(d)(9)(D) of title 26For purposes of paragraphs (1) and (2), an employer shall not be treated as ceasing operations at a qualified lodging facility (as defined in ) if such operations are continued by an eligible independent contractor (as defined in section 856(d)(9)(A) of such title) pursuant to an agreement with the employer.
Aggregation of prior separations
No addition to prefunding balance
section 1083(f)(6)(B) of this titlesection 430(f)(6)(B) of title 26section 1056(g) of this titlesection 436 of title 26For purposes of and , any additional contribution made under paragraph (4) shall be treated in the same manner as a contribution an employer is required to make in order to avoid a benefit reduction under paragraph (1), (2), or (4) of or subsection (b), (c), or (e) of for the plan year.
Pub. L. 93–406, title IV, § 406288 Stat. 1029Pub. L. 95–598, title III, § 321(b)92 Stat. 2678Pub. L. 96–364, title IV, § 403(g)94 Stat. 1301Pub. L. 99–272, title XI, § 11011(a)100 Stat. 253Pub. L. 100–203, title IX, § 9312(b)(1)101 Stat. 1330–361Pub. L. 101–239, title VII103 Stat. 2440Pub. L. 109–280, title I, § 108(b)(4)120 Stat. 819Pub. L. 111–192, title II, § 202(a)124 Stat. 1297Pub. L. 113–235, div. P, § 1(a)128 Stat. 2822(, , ; , , ; , , ; , (b), , , 257; , (2)(A), (B)(ii), , ; , §§ 7881(f)(2), (10)(A), (B), 7891(a)(1), , , 2441, 2445; , formerly § 107(b)(4), , , renumbered , , ; amended , , .)
Editorial Notes
Amendments
Pub. L. 113–2352014—Subsec. (e). amended subsec. (e) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (e) related to treatment of substantial cessation of operations.
Pub. L. 109–2802006—Subsec. (c)(1) to (3). added pars. (1) and (2) and struck out former pars. (1) to (3) which read as follows:
section 1082(a)(2) of this titlesection 412(a) of title 26section 1083 of this titlesection 412(d) of title 26section 1084 of this titlesection 412(e) of title 26“(1) the outstanding balance of the accumulated funding deficiencies (within the meaning of and ) of the plan (if any) (which, for purposes of this subparagraph, shall include the amount of any increase in such accumulated funding deficiencies of the plan which would result if all pending applications for waivers of the minimum funding standard under or and for extensions of the amortization period under or with respect to such plan were denied and if no additional contributions (other than those already made by the termination date) were made for the plan year in which the termination date occurs or for any previous plan year),
section 1083 of this titlesection 412(d) of title 26“(2) the outstanding balance of the amount of waived funding deficiencies of the plan waived before such date under or (if any), and
section 1084 of this titlesection 412(e) of title 26“(3) the outstanding balance of the amount of decreases in the minimum funding standard allowed before such date under or (if any),”.
Pub. L. 101–239, § 7881(f)(2)section 1342(i) of this title1989—Subsec. (a). , inserted “and” at end of par. (1), redesignated par. (3) as (2), substituted “subsection (c)” for “subsection (d)”, and struck out former par. (2) which read as follows: “liability to the trust established pursuant to section 1341(c)(3)(B)(ii) or (iii) of this title or , to the extent provided in subsection (c), and”.
Pub. L. 101–239, § 7881(f)(10)(A)Subsec. (b)(2)(B). , substituted “so much of the liability under paragraph (1)(A) as exceeds 30 percent of the collective net worth of all persons described in subsection (a) (including interest)” for “the liability under paragraph (1)(A)(ii)”.
Pub. L. 101–239, § 7891(a)(1)Subsecs. (c)(1), (d)(2)(B). , substituted “Internal Revenue Code of 1986” for “Internal Revenue Code of 1954”, which for purposes of codification was translated as “title 26” thus requiring no change in text.
Pub. L. 101–239, § 7881(f)(10)(B)Pub. L. 100–203, § 9312(b)(2)(B)(ii)Subsec. (d)(3). , amended , see 1987 Amendment note below.
Pub. L. 100–203, § 9312(b)(2)(A)1987—Subsec. (b)(1)(A). , amended subpar. (A) generally. Prior to amendment, subpar. (A) read as follows: “Except as provided in subparagraph (B), the liability to the corporation of a person described in subsection (a) shall consist of the sum of—
“(i) the lesser of—
“(I) the total amount of unfunded guaranteed benefits (as of the termination date) of all participants and beneficiaries under the plan, or
“(II) 30 percent of the collective net worth of all persons described in subsection (a),
and
“(ii) the excess (if any) of—
“(I) 75 percent of the amount described in clause (i)(I), over
“(II) the amount described in clause (i)(II),
together with interest (at a reasonable rate) calculated from the termination date in accordance with regulations prescribed by the corporation.”
Pub. L. 100–203, § 9312(b)(1)Subsec. (c). , redesignated subsec. (d) as (c) and struck out former subsec. (c) which related to liability to section 1349 trust.
Pub. L. 100–203, § 9312(b)(1)(B)Subsec. (d). , redesignated subsec. (e) as (d). Former subsec. (d) redesignated (c).
Pub. L. 100–203, § 9312(b)(2)(B)(ii)Pub. L. 101–239, § 7881(f)(10)(B)Subsec. (d)(3). , as amended by , struck out par. (3) which read as follows: “The liability payment years in connection with a terminated plan consist of the consecutive one-year periods following the last plan year preceding the termination date, excluding the first such year in any case in which the first such year ends less than 180 days after the termination date.”
Pub. L. 100–203, § 9312(b)(1)(B)Subsecs. (e), (f). , redesignated subsec. (f) as (e). Former subsec. (e) redesignated (d).
Pub. L. 99–272, § 11011(a)(2)1986—, substituted “Liability for termination of single-employer plans under a distress termination or a termination by the corporation” for “Liability of employer” in section catchline.
Pub. L. 99–272, § 11011(a)(2)Subsec. (a). , added subsec. (a) specifying persons liable and the nature and extent of liability and struck out former subsec. (a) specifying employers covered.
Pub. L. 99–272, § 11011(a)(2)Subsec. (b). , added subsec. (b) relating to liability to corporation and struck out former subsec. (b) relating to amount of liability.
Pub. L. 99–272, § 11011(a)(2)Subsec. (c). , added subsec. (c) relating to liability to section 1349 trust and struck out former subsec. (c) relating to method of determining net worth of employer.
Pub. L. 99–272, § 11011(a)(2)Subsec. (d). , added subsec. (d) relating to liability to section 1342 trustee and struck out former subsec. (d) relating to corporate reorganizations.
Pub. L. 99–272, § 11011(a)Subsec. (e). , added subsec. (e) and redesignated former subsec. (e) as (f).
Pub. L. 99–272, § 11011(a)(1)Subsec. (f). , (b), redesignated former subsec. (e) as (f), and substituted in heading “Treatment of substantial cessation of operations” for “Cessation of operations at one facility”.
Pub. L. 96–3641980—Subsec. (a). substituted “single-employee plan” for “plan (other than a multiemployer plan)”.
Pub. L. 95–5981978—Subsec. (c)(2). substituted “title 11” and “a debtor in a case under chapter 7 of such title” for “the Bankruptcy Act” and “the subject of a proceeding under that Act”, respectively.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective Date of 2014 Amendment
Pub. L. 113–235, div. P, § 1(b)128 Stat. 2826
In general .—
Transition rule .—
Effective Date of 2006 Amendment
Pub. L. 109–280section 108(e) of Pub. L. 109–280section 1021 of this titleAmendment by applicable to plan years beginning after 2007, see , set out as a note under .
Effective Date of 1989 Amendment
Pub. L. 101–239Pub. L. 100–203section 7882 of Pub. L. 101–239section 401 of Title 26Amendment by section 7881(f)(2), (10)(A), (B) of effective, except as otherwise provided, as if included in the provision of the Pension Protection Act, , §§ 9302–9346, to which such amendment relates, see , set out as a note under , Internal Revenue Code.
section 7891(a)(1) of Pub. L. 101–239Pub. L. 99–514section 7891(f) of Pub. L. 101–239section 1002 of this titleAmendment by effective, except as otherwise provided, as if included in the provision of the Tax Reform Act of 1986, , to which such amendment relates, see , set out as a note under .
Effective Date of 1987 Amendment
Pub. L. 100–203section 1341 of this titlesection 1341(a)(2) of this titlesection 1342 of this titlesection 9312(d)(1) of Pub. L. 100–203section 1301 of this titleAmendment by applicable with respect to plan terminations under with respect to which notices of intent to terminate are provided under after , and plan terminations with respect to which proceedings are instituted by the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation under after that date, see , as amended, set out as a note under .
Effective Date of 1986 Amendment
Pub. L. 99–272section 11019 of Pub. L. 99–272section 1341 of this titleAmendment by effective , with certain exceptions, see , set out as a note under .
Effective Date of 1980 Amendment
Pub. L. 96–364section 1461(e) of this titleAmendment by effective , except as specifically provided, see .
Effective Date of 1978 Amendment
Pub. L. 95–598section 402(a) of Pub. L. 95–598section 101 of Title 11Amendment by effective , see , set out as an Effective Date note preceding , Bankruptcy.
Direction to the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation
Pub. L. 113–235, div. P, § 1(c)128 Stat. 2827
Pub. L. 109–280Applicability of Amendments by Subtitles A and B of Title I of
Pub. L. 109–280Pub. L. 109–280section 401 of Title 26For special rules on applicability of amendments by subtitles A (§§ 101–108) and B (§§ 111–116) of title I of to certain eligible cooperative plans, PBGC settlement plans, and eligible government contractor plans, see sections 104, 105, and 106 of , set out as notes under , Internal Revenue Code.
Special Delayed Payment Rule
Pub. L. 99–272, title XI, § 11012(d)100 Stat. 260