Public Law 119-73 (01/23/2026)

42 U.S.C. § 2156

Criteria governing United States nuclear exports

The United States adopts the following criteria which, in addition to other requirements of law, will govern exports for peaceful nuclear uses from the United States of source material, special nuclear material, production or utilization facilities, and any sensitive nuclear technology:
(1)
IAEA safeguards as required by Article III(2) of the Treaty will be applied with respect to any such material or facilities proposed to be exported, to any such material or facilities previously exported and subject to the applicable agreement for cooperation, and to any special nuclear material used in or produced through the use thereof.
(2)
No such material, facilities, or sensitive nuclear technology proposed to be exported or previously exported and subject to the applicable agreement for cooperation, and no special nuclear material produced through the use of such materials, facilities, or sensitive nuclear technology, will be used for any nuclear explosive device or for research on or development of any nuclear explosive device.
(3)
section 2156a of this title Adequate physical security measures will be maintained with respect to such material or facilities proposed to be exported and to any special nuclear material used in or produced through the use thereof. Following the effective date of any regulations promulgated by the Commission pursuant to , physical security measures shall be deemed adequate if such measures provide a level of protection equivalent to that required by the applicable regulations.
(4)
No such materials, facilities, or sensitive nuclear technology proposed to be exported, and no special nuclear material produced through the use of such material, will be retransferred to the jurisdiction of any other nation or group of nations unless the prior approval of the United States is obtained for such retransfer. In addition to other requirements of law, the United States may approve such retransfer only if the nation or group of nations designated to receive such retransfer agrees that it shall be subject to the conditions required by this section.
(5)
No such material proposed to be exported and no special nuclear material produced through the use of such material will be reprocessed, and no irradiated fuel elements containing such material removed from a reactor shall be altered in form or content, unless the prior approval of the United States is obtained for such reprocessing or alteration.
(6)
No such sensitive nuclear technology shall be exported unless the foregoing conditions shall be applied to any nuclear material or equipment which is produced or constructed under the jurisdiction of the recipient nation or group of nations by or through the use of any such exported sensitive nuclear technology.

Aug. 1, 1946, ch. 724Pub. L. 95–242, title III, § 30592 Stat. 136Pub. L. 102–486, title IX, § 902(a)(8)106 Stat. 2944(, title I, § 127, as added , , ; renumbered title I, , , .)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

section 603(c) of Pub. L. 95–242section 3201 of Title 22Section effective , except as otherwise provided and regardless of any requirements for the promulgation of implementing regulations, see , set out as a note under , Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

Executive Documents

Performance of Functions Pending Development of Procedures

Pub. L. 95–24292 Stat. 120section 3201 of Title 22The performance of functions under this chapter, as amended by the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Act of 1978, , , , not to be delayed pending development of procedures even though as many as 120 days [after ] are allowed for establishing those procedures, see section 5(b) of Ex. Ord. No. 12058, , 43 F.R. 20947, set out under , Foreign Relations and Intercourse.