US Code

Public Law 119-73 (01/23/2026)

42 U.S.C. § 9606

Abatement actions

(a)

Maintenance, jurisdiction, etc.

In addition to any other action taken by a State or local government, when the President determines that there may be an imminent and substantial endangerment to the public health or welfare or the environment because of an actual or threatened release of a hazardous substance from a facility, he may require the Attorney General of the United States to secure such relief as may be necessary to abate such danger or threat, and the district court of the United States in the district in which the threat occurs shall have jurisdiction to grant such relief as the public interest and the equities of the case may require. The President may also, after notice to the affected State, take other action under this section including, but not limited to, issuing such orders as may be necessary to protect public health and welfare and the environment.

(b)

Fines; reimbursement

(1)
Any person who, without sufficient cause, willfully violates, or fails or refuses to comply with, any order of the President under subsection (a) may, in an action brought in the appropriate United States district court to enforce such order, be fined not more than $25,000 for each day in which such violation occurs or such failure to comply continues.
(2)
(A)
Any person who receives and complies with the terms of any order issued under subsection (a) may, within 60 days after completion of the required action, petition the President for reimbursement from the Fund for the reasonable costs of such action, plus interest. Any interest payable under this paragraph shall accrue on the amounts expended from the date of expenditure at the same rate as specified for interest on investments of the Hazardous Substance Superfund established under subchapter A of chapter 98 of title 26.
(B)
If the President refuses to grant all or part of a petition made under this paragraph, the petitioner may within 30 days of receipt of such refusal file an action against the President in the appropriate United States district court seeking reimbursement from the Fund.
(C)
section 9607(a) of this title Except as provided in subparagraph (D), to obtain reimbursement, the petitioner shall establish by a preponderance of the evidence that it is not liable for response costs under and that costs for which it seeks reimbursement are reasonable in light of the action required by the relevant order.
(D)
section 9607(a) of this title A petitioner who is liable for response costs under may also recover its reasonable costs of response to the extent that it can demonstrate, on the administrative record, that the President’s decision in selecting the response action ordered was arbitrary and capricious or was otherwise not in accordance with law. Reimbursement awarded under this subparagraph shall include all reasonable response costs incurred by the petitioner pursuant to the portions of the order found to be arbitrary and capricious or otherwise not in accordance with law.
(E)
section 2412 of title 28 Reimbursement awarded by a court under subparagraph (C) or (D) may include appropriate costs, fees, and other expenses in accordance with subsections (a) and (d) of .
(c)

Guidelines for using imminent hazard, enforcement, and emergency response authorities; promulgation by Administrator of EPA, scope, etc.

1

1 See References in Text note below.
section 2606 of title 15Within one hundred and eighty days after , the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency shall, after consultation with the Attorney General, establish and publish guidelines for using the imminent hazard, enforcement, and emergency response authorities of this section and other existing statutes administered by the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency to effectuate the responsibilities and powers created by this chapter. Such guidelines shall to the extent practicable be consistent with the national hazardous substance response plan, and shall include, at a minimum, the assignment of responsibility for coordinating response actions with the issuance of administrative orders, enforcement of standards and permits, the gathering of information, and other imminent hazard and emergency powers authorized by (1) sections 1321(c)(2), 1318, 1319, and 1364(a) of title 33, (2) sections 6927, 6928, 6934, and 6973 of this title, (3) sections 300j–4 and 300i of this title, (4) sections 7413, 7414, and 7603 of this title, and (5) .

Pub. L. 96–510, title I, § 10694 Stat. 2780Pub. L. 99–499, title I100 Stat. 1628Pub. L. 99–514, § 2100 Stat. 2095(, , ; , §§ 106, 109(b), , , 1633; , , .)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Pub. L. 96–51094 Stat. 2767section 6911a of this titlesection 6911 of this titlesection 1364 of Title 33section 11901 of Title 49section 6911 of this titlesection 9601 of this titleThis chapter, referred to in subsec. (c), was in the original “this Act”, meaning , , , known as the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980, which enacted this chapter, , and sections 4611, 4612, 4661, 4662, 4681, and 4682 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, amended , , Navigation and Navigable Waters, and , Transportation, and enacted provisions set out as notes under and sections 1 and 4611 of Title 26. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under and Tables.

Section 1321(c)(2) of title 33Pub. L. 101–380, title IV, § 4201(a)104 Stat. 523section 1321(d) of Title 33, referred to in subsec. (c), was amended generally by , , . Prior to general amendment, subsec. (c)(2) related to preparation of a National Contingency Plan. Provisions relating to a National Contingency Plan are contained in , Navigation and Navigable Waters.

Amendments

Pub. L. 99–4991986—Subsec. (b). designated existing provisions as par. (1), substituted “who, without sufficient cause, willfully” for “who willfully” and “$25,000” for “$5,000”, and added par. (2).

Pub. L. 99–514Subsec. (b)(2)(A). substituted “Internal Revenue Code of 1986” for “Internal Revenue Code of 1954”, which for purposes of codification was translated as “title 26” thus requiring no change in text.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Pub. L. 99–499Coordination of Titles I to IV of

Pub. L. 99–499section 531 of Pub. L. 99–499section 1 of Title 26Any provision of titles I to IV of , imposing any tax, premium, or fee; establishing any trust fund; or authorizing expenditures from any trust fund, to have no force or effect, see , set out as a note under , Internal Revenue Code.