45 U.S.C. § 431 to 447

Pub. L. 91–458, title II, § 202Oct. 16, 197084 Stat. 971 Pub. L. 94–348, § 5July 8, 197690 Stat. 819 Pub. L. 96–423, § 14Oct. 10, 198094 Stat. 1817 Pub. L. 97–468, title VII, § 702(a)Jan. 14, 198396 Stat. 2579 Pub. L. 100–342June 22, 1988102 Stat. 625 Pub. L. 102–143, title V, § 4Oct. 28, 1991105 Stat. 957 Pub. L. 102–365Sept. 3, 1992106 Stat. 972 Pub. L. 102–533, § 14Oct. 27, 1992106 Stat. 3522 Section 431, , , ; , , ; , , ; , (c), , ; , §§ 4(a), 7, 9, 10, 19(a), 21–23, , , 628, 629, 637–639; , , ; , §§ 2, 5(a)(1), 7, 8, 10, , , 975, 976, 978; , , , authorized Secretary of Transportation to promulgate rules, regulations, orders, and standards for all areas of railroad safety. See sections 20102, 20103, 20103 note, 20108, 20110, 20114, 20131 to 20143, and 24902 of Title 49, Transportation.

Pub. L. 91–458, title II, § 203Oct. 16, 197084 Stat. 972 Pub. L. 96–423, § 3Oct. 10, 198094 Stat. 1811 section 20104 of Title 49Section 432, , , ; , , , related to emergency powers of Secretary of Transportation. See .

Pub. L. 91–458, title II, § 204Oct. 16, 197084 Stat. 972 section 20134 of Title 49Section 433, , , , required Secretary of Transportation to submit comprehensive study and recommendation of means of eliminating and protecting railroad grade crossings and protecting pedestrians. See .

Pub. L. 91–458, title II, § 205Oct. 16, 197084 Stat. 972 section 20106 of Title 49Section 434, , , , declared that laws, rules, regulations, orders, and standards relating to railroad safety were to be nationally uniform, but permitted more stringent yet compatible State regulation. See .

Pub. L. 91–458, title II, § 206Oct. 16, 197084 Stat. 972 Pub. L. 96–423, § 4Oct. 10, 198094 Stat. 1812 Pub. L. 101–615, § 28(a)Nov. 16, 1990104 Stat. 3276 Section 435, , , ; , , ; –(d), , , 3277, related to investigative and surveillance activities by State in connection with any rule, regulation, order, or standard related to railroad safety prescribed by Secretary of Transportation. See sections 20105, 20111, and 20117 of Title 49.

Pub. L. 91–458, title II, § 207Oct. 16, 197084 Stat. 974 Pub. L. 95–574, § 8Nov. 2, 197892 Stat. 2461 Pub. L. 96–423, § 5Oct. 10, 198094 Stat. 1812 Pub. L. 101–615, § 28(e)Nov. 16, 1990104 Stat. 3277 section 20113 of Title 49Section 436, , , ; , , ; , , ; , , , related to actions by State agencies to enforce compliance with Federal railroad safety rules, regulations, orders, and standards. See .

Pub. L. 91–458, title II, § 208Oct. 16, 197084 Stat. 974 Pub. L. 93–633, title II, § 206Jan. 3, 197588 Stat. 2166 Pub. L. 95–574, § 9Nov. 2, 197892 Stat. 2462 Pub. L. 96–423, § 6Oct. 10, 198094 Stat. 1813 Pub. L. 100–342, § 8June 22, 1988102 Stat. 628 section 54a of this titleSection 437, , , ; , , ; , , ; , , ; , , , related to general powers of Secretary of Transportation. See and sections 20107, 20108, 20111, and 20112 of Title 49.

Pub. L. 91–458, title II, § 209Oct. 16, 197084 Stat. 975 Pub. L. 93–633, title II, § 204(a)Jan. 3, 197588 Stat. 2165 Pub. L. 96–423Oct. 10, 198094 Stat. 1814 Pub. L. 97–468, title VII, § 706Jan. 14, 198396 Stat. 2581 Pub. L. 100–342, § 3(a)June 22, 1988102 Stat. 624 Pub. L. 102–365Sept. 3, 1992106 Stat. 973 section 39 of this titleSection 438, , , ; , , ; , §§ 7, 8(a), , ; , , ; , , ; , §§ 4(a)(1), (c)(1), 9(a)(1), , , 974, 977, related to civil penalties for violations of any railroad safety rule, regulation, order, or standard issued under this subchapter or violations of . See sections 20111, 20112, 20114, 21301, 21302, 21304, and 21311 of Title 49.

Pub. L. 91–458, title II, § 210Oct. 16, 197084 Stat. 975 Pub. L. 96–423, § 9Oct. 10, 198094 Stat. 1814 Pub. L. 101–615, § 28(f)Nov. 16, 1990104 Stat. 3277 Section 439, , , ; , , ; , , , related to restraint of violations of this subchapter and certain other statutes and to enforcement of rules, etc., established under such subchapter or statutes. See sections 20112 to 20114 of Title 49.

Pub. L. 91–458, title II, § 211Oct. 16, 197084 Stat. 976 Pub. L. 93–633, title II, § 203Jan. 3, 197588 Stat. 2164 Pub. L. 94–56, § 2July 19, 197589 Stat. 263 Pub. L. 96–470, title II, § 209(a)Oct. 19, 198094 Stat. 2245 Pub. L. 100–342, § 12June 22, 1988102 Stat. 630 section 20116 of Title 49Section 440, , , ; , , ; , , ; , , ; , , , related to annual report by Secretary of Transportation on administration of this subchapter. See .

Pub. L. 91–458, title II, § 212Pub. L. 96–423, § 10Oct. 10, 198094 Stat. 1815 Pub. L. 100–342, § 5June 22, 1988102 Stat. 627 Pub. L. 102–365, § 5(b)Sept. 3, 1992106 Stat. 975 section 20109 of Title 49Section 441, , as added , , ; amended , , ; , , , related to protection and rights of railroad employees. See .

Pub. L. 91–458, title II, § 212Oct. 16, 197084 Stat. 977 Pub. L. 93–90, § 2Aug. 14, 197387 Stat. 305 Pub. L. 93–633, title II, § 205Jan. 3, 197588 Stat. 2166 Pub. L. 94–56, § 3July 19, 197589 Stat. 263 Pub. L. 94–348, § 2(a)July 8, 197690 Stat. 817 Pub. L. 95–574, § 2Nov. 2, 197892 Stat. 2459 Pub. L. 96–423, § 2Oct. 10, 198094 Stat. 1811 A prior section 441, , , ; , , ; , , ; , , ; , , ; , , , authorized appropriations to carry out this chapter, prior to repeal by , , .

Pub. L. 95–574, § 3Nov. 2, 197892 Stat. 2459 section 20117 of Title 49Section 442, , , , related to limitations on funding for railroad research and development programs. See , Transportation.

Pub. L. 91–458, title II, § 213Pub. L. 96–423, § 11Oct. 10, 198094 Stat. 1816 section 5109(c) of Title 5Section 443, , as added , , , related to pay classifications of railroad safety inspectors and railroad safety specialists. See , Government Organization and Employees.

Pub. L. 91–458, title II, § 214Pub. L. 96–423, § 2Oct. 10, 198094 Stat. 1811 Pub. L. 97–35, title XI, § 1195Aug. 13, 198195 Stat. 702 Pub. L. 97–468, title VII, § 703Jan. 14, 198396 Stat. 2580 Pub. L. 100–342, § 2June 22, 1988102 Stat. 624 Pub. L. 101–508, title X, § 10501(b)Nov. 5, 1990104 Stat. 1388–400 Pub. L. 102–365, § 12Sept. 3, 1992106 Stat. 980 Section 444, , as added , , ; amended , , ; , , ; , , ; , , ; , , , authorized appropriations to carry out this chapter. See sections 20108 and 20117 of Title 49, Transportation.

Pub. L. 91–458, title II, § 215Pub. L. 100–342, § 20June 22, 1988102 Stat. 638 Section 445, , as added , , , related to grade crossing demonstration projects to reduce accidents involving trains. See sections 20117 and 20134 of Title 49.

Pub. L. 101–647, title XVII, § 1704Nov. 29, 1990104 Stat. 4846 section 28101 of Title 49Section 446, , , , related to railroad police officers. See .

Pub. L. 91–458, title II, § 216Pub. L. 101–508, title X, § 10501(a)Nov. 5, 1990104 Stat. 1388–399 section 20115 of Title 49Section 447, , as added , , , related to railroad user fees. See .