US Code

Public Law 119-73 (01/23/2026)

47 U.S.C. § 1452

Special requirements for incentive auction of broadcast TV spectrum

(a)

Reverse auction to identify incentive amount

(1)

In general

section 309(j)(8) of this titleThe Commission shall conduct a reverse auction to determine the amount of compensation that each broadcast television licensee would accept in return for voluntarily relinquishing some or all of its broadcast television spectrum usage rights in order to make spectrum available for assignment through a system of competitive bidding under subparagraph (G) of .

(2)

Eligible relinquishments

A relinquishment of usage rights for purposes of paragraph (1) shall include the following:
(A)
Relinquishing all usage rights with respect to a particular television channel without receiving in return any usage rights with respect to another television channel.
(B)
Relinquishing all usage rights with respect to an ultra high frequency television channel in return for receiving usage rights with respect to a very high frequency television channel.
(C)
Relinquishing usage rights in order to share a television channel with another licensee.
(3)

Confidentiality

The Commission shall take all reasonable steps necessary to protect the confidentiality of Commission-held data of a licensee participating in the reverse auction under paragraph (1), including withholding the identity of such licensee until the reassignments and reallocations (if any) under subsection (b)(1)(B) become effective, as described in subsection (f)(2).

(4)

Protection of carriage rights of licensees sharing a channel

A broadcast television station that voluntarily relinquishes spectrum usage rights under this subsection in order to share a television channel and that possessed carriage rights under section 338, 534, or 535 of this title on , shall have, at its shared location, the carriage rights under such section that would apply to such station at such location if it were not sharing a channel.

(b)

Reorganization of broadcast TV spectrum

(1)

In general

For purposes of making available spectrum to carry out the forward auction under subsection (c)(1), the Commission—
(A)
shall evaluate the broadcast television spectrum (including spectrum made available through the reverse auction under subsection (a)(1)); and
(B)
may, subject to international coordination along the border with Mexico and Canada—
(i)
make such reassignments of television channels as the Commission considers appropriate; and
(ii)
reallocate such portions of such spectrum as the Commission determines are available for reallocation.
(2)

Factors for consideration

In making any reassignments or reallocations under paragraph (1)(B), the Commission shall make all reasonable efforts to preserve, as of , the coverage area and population served of each broadcast television licensee, as determined using the methodology described in OET Bulletin 69 of the Office of Engineering and Technology of the Commission.

(3)

No involuntary relocation from UHF to VHF

In making any reassignments under paragraph (1)(B)(i), the Commission may not involuntarily reassign a broadcast television licensee—
(A)
from an ultra high frequency television channel to a very high frequency television channel; or
(B)
from a television channel between the frequencies from 174 megahertz to 216 megahertz to a television channel between the frequencies from 54 megahertz to 88 megahertz.
(4)

Payment of relocation costs

(A)

In general

Except as provided in subparagraph (B), from amounts made available under subsection (d)(2), the Commission shall reimburse costs reasonably incurred by—
(i)
a broadcast television licensee that was reassigned under paragraph (1)(B)(i) from one ultra high frequency television channel to a different ultra high frequency television channel, from one very high frequency television channel to a different very high frequency television channel, or, in accordance with subsection (g)(1)(B), from a very high frequency television channel to an ultra high frequency television channel, in order for the licensee to relocate its television service from one channel to the other;
(ii)
a multichannel video programming distributor in order to continue to carry the signal of a broadcast television licensee that—
(I)
is described in clause (i);
(II)
voluntarily relinquishes spectrum usage rights under subsection (a) with respect to an ultra high frequency television channel in return for receiving usage rights with respect to a very high frequency television channel; or
(III)
voluntarily relinquishes spectrum usage rights under subsection (a) to share a television channel with another licensee; or
(iii)
a channel 37 incumbent user, in order to relocate to other suitable spectrum, provided that all such users can be relocated and that the total relocation costs of such users do not exceed $300,000,000. For the purpose of this section, the spectrum made available through relocation of channel 37 incumbent users shall be deemed as spectrum reclaimed through a reverse auction under subsection (a).
(B)

Regulatory relief

In lieu of reimbursement for relocation costs under subparagraph (A), a broadcast television licensee may accept, and the Commission may grant as it considers appropriate, a waiver of the service rules of the Commission to permit the licensee, subject to interference protections, to make flexible use of the spectrum assigned to the licensee to provide services other than broadcast television services. Such waiver shall only remain in effect while the licensee provides at least 1 broadcast television program stream on such spectrum at no charge to the public.

(C)

Limitation

The Commission may not make reimbursements under subparagraph (A) for lost revenues.

(D)

Deadline

The Commission shall make all reimbursements required by subparagraph (A) not later than the date that is 3 years after the completion of the forward auction under subsection (c)(1).

(5)

Low-power television usage rights

Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to alter the spectrum usage rights of low-power television stations.

(c)

Forward auction

(1)

Auction required

The Commission shall conduct a forward auction in which—
(A)
the Commission assigns licenses for the use of the spectrum that the Commission reallocates under subsection (b)(1)(B)(ii); and
(B)
section 309(j)(8)(G) of this title the amount of the proceeds that the Commission shares under clause (i) of with each licensee whose bid the Commission accepts in the reverse auction under subsection (a)(1) is not less than the amount of such bid.
(2)

Minimum proceeds

(A)

In general

If the amount of the proceeds from the forward auction under paragraph (1) is not greater than the sum described in subparagraph (B), no licenses shall be assigned through such forward auction, no reassignments or reallocations under subsection (b)(1)(B) shall become effective, and the Commission may not revoke any spectrum usage rights by reason of a bid that the Commission accepts in the reverse auction under subsection (a)(1).

(B)

Sum described

The sum described in this subparagraph is the sum of—
(i)
the total amount of compensation that the Commission must pay successful bidders in the reverse auction under subsection (a)(1);
(ii)
section 309(j)(8)(B) of this title the costs of conducting such forward auction that the salaries and expenses account of the Commission is required to retain under ; and
(iii)
the estimated costs for which the Commission is required to make reimbursements under subsection (b)(4)(A).
(C)

Administrative costs

section 309(j)(8)(B) of this titleThe amount of the proceeds from the forward auction under paragraph (1) that the salaries and expenses account of the Commission is required to retain under shall be sufficient to cover the costs incurred by the Commission in conducting the reverse auction under subsection (a)(1), conducting the evaluation of the broadcast television spectrum under subparagraph (A) of subsection (b)(1), and making any reassignments or reallocations under subparagraph (B) of such subsection, in addition to the costs incurred by the Commission in conducting such forward auction.

(3)

Factor for consideration

In conducting the forward auction under paragraph (1), the Commission shall consider assigning licenses that cover geographic areas of a variety of different sizes.

(d)

TV Broadcaster Relocation Fund

(1)

Establishment

There is established in the Treasury of the United States a fund to be known as the TV Broadcaster Relocation Fund.

(2)

Payment of relocation costs

Any amounts borrowed under paragraph (3)(A) and any amounts in the TV Broadcaster Relocation Fund that are not necessary for reimbursement of the general fund of the Treasury for such borrowed amounts shall be available to the Commission to make the payments required by subsection (b)(4)(A).

(3)

Borrowing authority

(A)

In general

Beginning on the date when any reassignments or reallocations under subsection (b)(1)(B) become effective, as provided in subsection (f)(2), and ending when $1,000,000,000 has been deposited in the TV Broadcaster Relocation Fund, the Commission may borrow from the Treasury of the United States an amount not to exceed $1,000,000,000 to use toward the payments required by subsection (b)(4)(A).

(B)

Reimbursement

The Commission shall reimburse the general fund of the Treasury, without interest, for any amounts borrowed under subparagraph (A) as funds are deposited into the TV Broadcaster Relocation Fund.

(4)

Transfer of unused funds

If any amounts remain in the TV Broadcaster Relocation Fund after the date that is 3 years after the completion of the forward auction under subsection (c)(1), the Secretary of the Treasury shall—
(A)
section 1457(a)(1) of this title prior to the end of fiscal year 2022, transfer such amounts to the Public Safety Trust Fund established by ; and
(B)
after the end of fiscal year 2022, transfer such amounts to the general fund of the Treasury, where such amounts shall be dedicated for the sole purpose of deficit reduction.
(e)

Numerical limitation on auctions and reorganization

The Commission may not complete more than one reverse auction under subsection (a)(1) or more than one reorganization of the broadcast television spectrum under subsection (b).

(f)

Timing

(1)

Contemporaneous auctions and reorganization permitted

The Commission may conduct the reverse auction under subsection (a)(1), any reassignments or reallocations under subsection (b)(1)(B), and the forward auction under subsection (c)(1) on a contemporaneous basis.

(2)

Effectiveness of reassignments and reallocations

Notwithstanding paragraph (1), no reassignments or reallocations under subsection (b)(1)(B) shall become effective until the completion of the reverse auction under subsection (a)(1) and the forward auction under subsection (c)(1), and, to the extent practicable, all such reassignments and reallocations shall become effective simultaneously.

(3)

Deadline

The Commission may not conduct the reverse auction under subsection (a)(1) or the forward auction under subsection (c)(1) after the end of fiscal year 2022.

(4)

Limit on discretion regarding auction timing

Section 309(j)(15)(A) of this title shall not apply in the case of an auction conducted under this section.

(g)

Limitation on reorganization authority

(1)

In general

During the period described in paragraph (2), the Commission may not—
(A)
involuntarily modify the spectrum usage rights of a broadcast television licensee or reassign such a licensee to another television channel except—
(i)
in accordance with this section; or
(ii)
in the case of a violation by such licensee of the terms of its license or a specific provision of a statute administered by the Commission, or a regulation of the Commission promulgated under any such provision; or
(B)
reassign a broadcast television licensee from a very high frequency television channel to an ultra high frequency television channel, unless—
(i)
such a reassignment will not decrease the total amount of ultra high frequency spectrum made available for reallocation under this section; or
(ii)
a request from such licensee for the reassignment was pending at the Commission on .
(2)

Period described

The period described in this paragraph is the period beginning on , and ending on the earliest of—
(A)
the first date when the reverse auction under subsection (a)(1), the reassignments and reallocations (if any) under subsection (b)(1)(B), and the forward auction under subsection (c)(1) have been completed;
(B)
the date of a determination by the Commission that the amount of the proceeds from the forward auction under subsection (c)(1) is not greater than the sum described in subsection (c)(2)(B); or
(C)
.
(h)

Protest right inapplicable

section 316 of this titleThe right of a licensee to protest a proposed order of modification of its license under shall not apply in the case of a modification made under this section.

(i)

Commission authority

Nothing in subsection (b) shall be construed to—
(1)
expand or contract the authority of the Commission, except as otherwise expressly provided; or
(2)
prevent the implementation of the Commission’s “White Spaces” Second Report and Order and Memorandum Opinion and Order (FCC 08–260, adopted ) in the spectrum that remains allocated for broadcast television use after the reorganization required by such subsection.
(j)

Reserve source for payment of relocation costs

(1)

Funding

There are hereby authorized to be appropriated, and appropriated, to the TV Broadcaster Relocation Fund established by subsection (d), out of any monies in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated—
(A)
for fiscal year 2018, $600,000,000, to remain available, notwithstanding subsection (d)(4), until not later than , pursuant to this subsection; and
(B)
for fiscal year 2019, $400,000,000, to remain available, notwithstanding subsection (d)(4), until not later than , pursuant to this subsection.
(2)

Availability of funds

(A)

In general

If the Commission makes the certification described in subparagraph (B), amounts made available to the TV Broadcaster Relocation Fund by paragraph (1) shall be available to the Commission to make—
(i)
reimbursements pursuant to subsection (b)(4)(A)(i) or (b)(4)(A)(ii), including not more than $350,000,000 for this purpose from funds made available by paragraph (1)(A);
(ii)
payments required by subsection (k), including not more than $150,000,000 for this purpose from funds made available by paragraph (1)(A);
(iii)
payments required by subsection (l), including not more than $50,000,000 for this purpose from funds made available by paragraph (1)(A); and
(iv)
payments solely for the purposes of consumer education relating to the reorganization of broadcast television spectrum under subsection (b), including $50,000,000 for this purpose from funds made available by paragraph (1)(A).
(B)

Certification

The certification described in this subparagraph is a certification from the Commission to the Secretary of the Treasury that the funds available prior to , in the TV Broadcaster Relocation Fund are likely to be insufficient to reimburse reasonably incurred costs described in subsection (b)(4)(A)(i) or (b)(4)(A)(ii).

(C)

Availability for payments after

(i)

For payments to broadcast television licensees and MVPDs

Notwithstanding subsection (b)(4)(D), the Commission may make payments pursuant to subsection (b)(4)(A)(i) or (b)(4)(A)(ii) from amounts made available to the TV Broadcaster Relocation Fund by paragraph (1) after , if, before making any such payments after such date, the Commission submits to Congress a certification that such payments are necessary to reimburse reasonably incurred costs described in such subsection.

(ii)

For payments to television translator stations and low power television stations

Amounts made available to the TV Broadcaster Relocation Fund by paragraph (1) shall not be available to the Commission to make payments required by subsection (k) after , unless, before making any such payments after such date, the Commission submits to Congress a certification that such payments are necessary to reimburse costs reasonably incurred by a television translator station or low power television station (as such terms are defined in subsection (k)) on or after , in order for such station to relocate its television service from one channel to another channel or otherwise modify its facility as a result of the reorganization of broadcast television spectrum under subsection (b).

(iii)

For payments to FM broadcast stations

Amounts made available to the TV Broadcaster Relocation Fund by paragraph (1) shall not be available to the Commission to make payments required by subsection (l) after , unless, before making any such payments after such date, the Commission submits to Congress a certification that such payments are necessary to reimburse costs reasonably incurred by an FM broadcast station (as defined in subsection (l)) for facilities necessary for such station to reasonably minimize disruption of service as a result of the reorganization of broadcast television spectrum under subsection (b).

(3)

Unused funds rescinded and deposited into the general fund of the treasury

(A)

Rescission and deposit

If any unobligated amounts made available to the TV Broadcaster Relocation Fund by paragraph (1) remain in the Fund after the date described in subparagraph (B), such amounts shall be rescinded and deposited into the general fund of the Treasury, where such amounts shall be dedicated for the sole purpose of deficit reduction.

(B)

Date described

The date described in this subparagraph is the earlier of—
(i)
the date of a certification by the Commission under subparagraph (C) that all reimbursements pursuant to subsections (b)(4)(A)(i) and (b)(4)(A)(ii) have been made and that all reimbursements pursuant to subsections (k) and (l) have been made; or
(ii)
.
(C)

Certification

If all reimbursements pursuant to subsections (b)(4)(A)(i) and (b)(4)(A)(ii) and all reimbursements pursuant to subsections (k) and (l) have been made before , the Commission shall submit to the Secretary of the Treasury a certification that all such reimbursements have been made.

(4)

Administrative costs

section 309(j)(8)(B) of this titleThe amount of auction proceeds that the salaries and expenses account of the Commission is required to retain under , including from the proceeds of the forward auction under this section, shall be sufficient to cover the administrative costs incurred by the Commission in making any reimbursements out of the TV Broadcaster Relocation Fund from amounts made available to that Fund by paragraph (1).

(k)

Payment of relocation costs of television translator stations and low power television stations

(1)

Payment required

From amounts made available under subsection (j)(2), the Commission shall reimburse costs reasonably incurred by a television translator station or low power television station on or after , in order for such station to relocate its television service from one channel to another channel or otherwise modify its facility as a result of the reorganization of broadcast television spectrum under subsection (b). Only stations that are eligible to file and do file an application in the Commission’s Special Displacement Window are eligible to seek reimbursement under this paragraph.

(2)

Limitation

The Commission may not make reimbursements under paragraph (1) for lost revenues.

(3)

Duplicative payments prohibited

In the case of a low power television station that has been accorded primary status as a Class A television licensee under section 73.6001(a) of title 47, Code of Federal Regulations—
(A)
if the licensee of such station has received reimbursement with respect to such station under subsection (b)(4)(A)(i) (including from amounts made available under subsection (j)(2)(A)(i)), or from any other source, such station may not receive reimbursement under paragraph (1); and
(B)
if such station has received reimbursement under paragraph (1), the licensee of such station may not receive reimbursement with respect to such station under subsection (b)(4)(A)(i).
(4)

Additional limitation

The Commission may not make reimbursement under paragraph (1) for costs incurred to resolve mutually exclusive applications, including costs incurred in any auction of available channels.

(5)

Definitions

In this subsection:
(A)

Low power television station

The term “low power television station” means a low power TV station (as defined in section 74.701 of title 47, Code of Federal Regulations) that was licensed and transmitting for at least 9 of the 12 months prior to . For purposes of the preceding sentence, the operation of analog and digital companion facilities may be combined.

(B)

Television translator station

The term “television translator station” means a television broadcast translator station (as defined in section 74.701 of title 47, Code of Federal Regulations) that was licensed and transmitting for at least 9 of the 12 months prior to . For purposes of the preceding sentence, the operation of analog and digital companion facilities may be combined.

(l)

Payment of Relocation Costs of FM Broadcast Stations

(1)

Payment required

(A)

In general

From amounts made available under subsection (j)(2), the Commission shall reimburse costs reasonably incurred by an FM broadcast station for facilities necessary for such station to reasonably minimize disruption of service as a result of the reorganization of broadcast television spectrum under subsection (b).

(B)

Limitation

The Commission may not make reimbursements under subparagraph (A) for lost revenues.

(C)

Duplicative payments prohibited

If an FM broadcast station has received a payment for interim facilities from the licensee of a television broadcast station that was reimbursed for such payment under subsection (b)(4)(A)(i) (including from amounts made available under subsection (j)(2)(A)(i)), or from any other source, such FM broadcast station may not receive any reimbursements under subparagraph (A).

(2)

FM broadcast station defined

In this subsection, the term ‘FM broadcast station’ has the meaning given such term in section 73.310 of title 47, Code of Federal Regulations, and includes an FM translator, which has the meaning given the term “FM translator” in section 74.1201 of such title.

(m)

Rulemaking

(1)

In general

Not later than 1 year after , the Commission shall complete a rulemaking to implement subsections (k) and (l).

(2)

Matters for inclusion

The rulemaking completed under paragraph (1) shall include the development of lists of reasonable eligible costs to be reimbursed by the Commission pursuant to subsections (k) and (l), and procedures for the submission and review of cost estimates and other materials related to those costs consistent with the regulations developed by the Commission pursuant to subsection (b)(4).

(n)

Rule of construction

(1)
Nothing in subsections (j) through (m) shall alter the final transition phase completion date established by the Commission for full power and Class A television stations.

Pub. L. 112–96, title VI, § 6403126 Stat. 225Pub. L. 115–141, div. E, title V, § 511132 Stat. 563(, , ; , , .)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

Pub. L. 115–1412018—Subsecs. (j) to (n). added subsecs. (j) to (n).