US Code

Public Law 119-73 (01/23/2026)

47 U.S.C. § 928

Spectrum Relocation Fund

(a)

Establishment of Spectrum Relocation Fund

There is established on the books of the Treasury a separate fund to be known as the “Spectrum Relocation Fund” (in this section referred to as the “Fund”), which shall be administered by the Office of Management and Budget (in this section referred to as “OMB”), in consultation with the NTIA.

(b)

Crediting of receipts

section 309(j)(8)(D) of this titleThe Fund shall be credited with the amounts specified in .

(c)

Use of funds

The amounts in the Fund from auctions of eligible frequencies are authorized to be used to pay relocation or sharing costs of an eligible Federal entity incurring such costs with respect to relocation from or sharing of those frequencies.

(d)

Fund availability

(1)

Appropriation

There are hereby appropriated from the Fund such sums as are required to pay the relocation or sharing costs specified in subsection (c).

(2)

Transfer conditions

None of the funds provided under this subsection may be transferred to any eligible Federal entity—
(A)
section 923(h) of this title unless the eligible Federal entity has submitted a transition plan to the NTIA as required by paragraph (1) of , the Technical Panel has found such plan sufficient under paragraph (4) of such section, and the NTIA has made available such plan on its website as required by paragraph (5) of such section;
(B)
unless the Director of OMB has determined, in consultation with the NTIA, the appropriateness of such costs and the timeline for relocation or sharing; and
(C)
until 30 days after the Director of OMB has submitted to the Committees on Appropriations and Energy and Commerce of the House of Representatives for approval, to the Committees on Appropriations and Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate for approval, and to the Comptroller General a detailed plan describing specifically how the sums transferred from the Fund will be used to pay relocation or sharing costs in accordance with such subsection and the timeline for such relocation or sharing.
Unless disapproved within 30 days, the amounts in the Fund shall be available immediately. If the plan is disapproved, the Director may resubmit a revised plan.
(3)

Transfers for pre-auction costs

(A)

In general

section 923(g)(3)(A)(iii) of this titleSubject to subparagraph (B), the Director of OMB may transfer to an eligible Federal entity, at any time (including prior to a scheduled auction), such sums as may be available in the Fund to pay relocation or sharing costs related to pre-auction estimates or research, as such costs are described in .

(B)

Notification

No funds may be transferred pursuant to subparagraph (A) unless—
(i)
the notification provided under paragraph (2)(C) includes a certification from the Director of OMB that—
(I)
funds transferred before an auction will likely allow for timely implementation of relocation or sharing, thereby increasing net expected auction proceeds by an amount not less than the time value of the amount of funds transferred; and
(II)
the auction is intended to occur not later than 8 years after transfer of funds; and
(ii)
section 923(h)(1) of this title the transition plan submitted by the eligible Federal entity under provides—
(I)
to the fullest extent possible, for sharing and coordination of eligible frequencies with non-Federal users, including reasonable accommodation by the eligible Federal entity for the use of eligible frequencies by non-Federal users during the period that the entity is relocating its spectrum uses (in this clause referred to as the “transition period”);
(II)
for non-Federal users to be able to use eligible frequencies during the transition period in geographic areas where the eligible Federal entity does not use such frequencies;
(III)
that the eligible Federal entity will, during the transition period, make itself available for negotiation and discussion with non-Federal users not later than 30 days after a written request therefor; and
(IV)
section 798(b) of title 18 that the eligible Federal entity will, during the transition period, make available to a non-Federal user with appropriate security clearances any classified information (as defined in ) regarding the relocation process, on a need-to-know basis, to assist the non-Federal user in the relocation process with such eligible Federal entity or other eligible Federal entities.
(C)

Applicability to certain costs

(i)

In general

The Director of OMB may transfer under subparagraph (A) not more than $10,000,000 for costs incurred after , but before .

(ii)

Supplement not supplant

Any amounts transferred by the Director of OMB pursuant to clause (i) shall be in addition to any amounts that the Director of OMB may transfer for costs incurred on or after .

(4)

Reversion of unused funds

Any amounts in the Fund that are remaining after the payment of the relocation or sharing costs that are payable from the Fund shall revert to and be deposited in the general fund of the Treasury, for the sole purpose of deficit reduction, not later than 8 years after the date of the deposit of such proceeds to the Fund, unless within 60 days in advance of the reversion of such funds, the Director of OMB, in consultation with the NTIA, notifies the congressional committees described in paragraph (2)(C) that such funds are needed to complete or to implement current or future relocation or sharing arrangements.

(e)

Transfer to eligible Federal entities

(1)

Transfer

(A)
section 923(g)(1) of this title Amounts made available pursuant to subsection (d) shall be transferred to eligible Federal entities, as defined in .
(B)
An eligible Federal entity may receive more than one such transfer, but if the sum of the subsequent transfer or transfers exceeds 10 percent of the original transfer—
(i)
such subsequent transfers are subject to prior approval by the Director of OMB as required by subsection (d)(2)(B);
(ii)
the notice to the committees containing the plan required by subsection (d)(2)(C) shall be not less than 45 days prior to the date of the transfer that causes such excess above 10 percent; and
(iii)
such notice shall include, in addition to such plan, an explanation of need for such subsequent transfer or transfers.
(C)
Such transferred amounts shall be credited to the appropriations account of the eligible Federal entity which has incurred, or will incur, such costs, and shall, subject to paragraph (2), remain available until expended.
(D)
At the request of an eligible Federal entity, the Director of the Office of Management and Budget (in this subsection referred to as “OMB”) may transfer the amount under subparagraph (A) immediately—
(i)
section 309(j) of this title after the frequencies are reallocated by competitive bidding under ; or
(ii)
section 309(j) of this title in the case of an incumbent Federal entity that is incurring relocation or sharing costs to accommodate sharing spectrum frequencies with another Federal entity, after the frequencies from which the other eligible Federal entity is relocating are reallocated by competitive bidding under , without regard to the availability of such sums in the Fund.
(E)
Prior to the deposit of proceeds into the Fund from an auction, the Director of OMB may borrow from the Treasury the amount under subparagraph (A) for a transfer under subparagraph (D). The Treasury shall immediately be reimbursed, without interest, from funds deposited into the Fund.
(2)

Retransfer to fund

An eligible Federal entity that has received such amounts shall report its expenditures to OMB and shall transfer any amounts in excess of actual relocation or sharing costs back to the Fund immediately after the NTIA has notified the Commission that the relocation of the entity or implementation of the sharing arrangement by the entity is complete, or has determined that such entity has unreasonably failed to complete such relocation or the implementation of such arrangement in accordance with the timeline required by subsection (d)(2)(B).

(f)

Additional payments from Fund

(1)

Amounts available

Notwithstanding subsections (c) through (e), after , there are appropriated from the Fund and available to the Director of OMB for use in accordance with paragraph (2) not more than 10 percent of the amounts deposited in the Fund from auctions occurring after such date of licenses for the use of spectrum vacated by eligible Federal entities.

(2)

Use of amounts

(A)

In general

section 923(h)(1) of this titleThe Director of OMB, in consultation with the NTIA, may use amounts made available under paragraph (1) to make payments to eligible Federal entities that are implementing a transition plan submitted under in order to encourage such entities to complete the implementation more quickly, thereby encouraging timely access to the eligible frequencies that are being reallocated for exclusive non-Federal use or shared use.

(B)

Conditions

In the case of any payment by the Director of OMB under subparagraph (A)—
(i)
such payment shall be based on the market value of the eligible frequencies, the timeliness with which the eligible Federal entity clears its use of such frequencies, and the need for such frequencies in order for the entity to conduct its essential missions;
(ii)
section 923(g)(3)(A) of this title the eligible Federal entity shall use such payment for the purposes specified in clauses (i) through (v) of to achieve comparable capability of systems affected by the reallocation of eligible frequencies from Federal use to exclusive non-Federal use or to shared use;
(iii)
such payment may not be made if the amount remaining in the Fund after such payment will be less than 10 percent of the winning bids in the auction of the spectrum with respect to which the Federal entity is incurring relocation or sharing costs; and
(iv)
such payment may not be made until 30 days after the Director of OMB has notified the congressional committees described in subsection (d)(2)(C).
(g)

Additional payments for research and development and planning activities

(1)

Amounts available

Notwithstanding subsections (c) through (e)—
(A)
there are appropriated from the Fund on , and available to the Director of OMB for use in accordance with paragraph (2), not more than $500,000,000 from amounts in the Fund on ; and
(B)
there are appropriated from the Fund after , and available to the Director of OMB for use in accordance with such paragraph, not more than 10 percent of the amounts deposited in the Fund after .
(2)

Use of amounts

(A)

In general

The Director of OMB may use amounts made available under paragraph (1) to make payments requested by Federal entities for research and development, engineering studies, economic analyses, activities with respect to systems, or other planning activities intended to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the spectrum use of Federal entities in order to make available frequencies described in subparagraph (C) for reallocation for non-Federal use or shared Federal and non-Federal use, or a combination thereof, and for auction in accordance with such reallocation.

(B)

Systems that improve efficiency and effectiveness of Federal spectrum use

For purposes of a payment under subparagraph (A) for activities with respect to systems that improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the spectrum use of Federal entities, such systems include the following:
(i)
Systems that have increased functionality or that increase the ability of a Federal entity to accommodate spectrum sharing with non-Federal entities.
(ii)
Systems that consolidate functions or services that have been provided using separate systems.
(iii)
Non-spectrum technology or systems.
(C)

Frequencies described

The frequencies described in this subparagraph are, with respect to a payment under subparagraph (A), frequencies that—
(i)
are assigned to a Federal entity; and
(ii)
at the time of the activities conducted with such payment, are not identified for auction.
(D)

Conditions

The Director of OMB may not make a payment to a Federal entity under subparagraph (A)—
(i)
unless—
(I)
section 923(h)(3) of this title the Federal entity has submitted to the Technical Panel established under a plan describing the activities that the Federal entity will conduct with such payment;
(II)
the Technical Panel has approved such plan under subparagraph (E); and
(III)
the Director of OMB has submitted the plan approved under subparagraph (E) to the congressional committees described in subsection (d)(2)(C); and
(ii)
until 60 days have elapsed after submission of the plan under clause (i)(III).
(E)

Review by technical panel

(i)

In general

section 923(h)(3) of this titleNot later than 120 days after a Federal entity submits a plan under subparagraph (D)(i)(I) to the Technical Panel established under , the Technical Panel shall approve or disapprove such plan.

(ii)

Criteria for review

In considering whether to approve or disapprove a plan under this subparagraph, the Technical Panel shall consider whether—
(I)
the activities that the Federal entity will conduct with the payment will—
(aa)
increase the probability of relocation from or sharing of Federal spectrum;
(bb)
facilitate an auction intended to occur not later than 8 years after the payment; and
(cc)
increase the net expected auction proceeds in an amount not less than the time value of the amount of the payment; and
(II)
the transfer will leave sufficient amounts in the Fund for the other purposes of the Fund.
(h)

Prioritization of payments

In determining whether to make payments under subsections (f) and (g), the Director of OMB shall, to the extent practicable, prioritize payments under subsection (g).

(i)

Restriction on use of Funds

No amounts in the Fund on the day before , may be used for any purpose except—
(1)
to pay the relocation or sharing costs incurred by eligible Federal entities in order to relocate from the frequencies the auction of which generated such amounts; or
(2)
to pay relocation or sharing costs related to pre-auction estimates or research, in accordance with subsection (d)(3).

Pub. L. 102–538, title I, § 118Pub. L. 108–494, title II, § 204118 Stat. 3994Pub. L. 111–8, div. G, title I, § 1301(a)123 Stat. 829Pub. L. 112–96, title VI, § 6702126 Stat. 252Pub. L. 114–74, title X, § 1005(a)129 Stat. 622Pub. L. 115–141, div. P, title VI132 Stat. 1109(, as added , , ; amended , , ; , , ; , , ; , §§ 612, 613, , .)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

Pub. L. 115–141, § 6122018—Subsec. (d)(3)(B)(i)(II). , substituted “8 years” for “5 years”.

Pub. L. 115–141, § 613Subsec. (e)(1)(D), (E). , added subpars. (D) and (E).

Pub. L. 114–742015—Subsecs. (g) to (i). added subsecs. (g) and (h) and redesignated former subsec. (g) as (i).

Pub. L. 112–96, § 6702(1)2012—, substituted “relocation or sharing costs” for “relocation costs” wherever appearing.

Pub. L. 112–96, § 6702(2)section 923(g)(3) of this titleSubsec. (c). , amended subsec. (c) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “The amounts in the Fund from auctions of eligible frequencies are authorized to be used to pay relocation or sharing costs, as defined in , of an eligible Federal entity incurring such costs with respect to relocation from those frequencies.”

Pub. L. 112–96, § 6702(3)(A)(iv)Subsec. (d)(2)(A). , added subpar. (A). Former subpar. (A) redesignated (B).

Pub. L. 112–96, § 6702(3)(A)(i), inserted “or sharing” before the semicolon.

Pub. L. 112–96, § 6702(3)(A)(iii)Subsec. (d)(2)(B). , redesignated subpar. (A) as (B). Former subpar. (B) redesignated (C).

Pub. L. 112–96, § 6702(3)(A)(ii), inserted “or sharing” before period at end.

Pub. L. 112–96, § 6702(3)(A)(iii)Subsec. (d)(2)(C). , redesignated subpar. (B) as (C).

Pub. L. 112–96, § 6702(3)(B)Subsec. (d)(3). , (C), added par. (3) and struck out former par. (3). Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “Any auction proceeds in the Fund that are remaining after the payment of the relocation or sharing costs that are payable from the Fund shall revert to and be deposited in the general fund of the Treasury not later than 8 years after the date of the deposit of such proceeds to the Fund.”

Pub. L. 112–96, § 6702(3)(C)Subsec. (d)(4). , added par. (4).

Pub. L. 112–96, § 6702(4)(A)(i)Subsec. (e)(1)(B)(i). , substituted “subsection (d)(2)(B)” for “subsection (d)(2)(A)”.

Pub. L. 112–96, § 6702(4)(A)(ii)Subsec. (e)(1)(B)(ii). , substituted “subsection (d)(2)(C)” for “subsection (d)(2)(B)”.

Pub. L. 112–96, § 6702(4)(B)Subsec. (e)(2). , substituted “relocation of the entity or implementation of the sharing arrangement by the entity” for “entity’s relocation” and “subsection (d)(2)(B)” for “subsection (d)(2)(A)” and inserted “or the implementation of such arrangement” after “such relocation”.

Pub. L. 112–96, § 6702(5)Subsecs. (f), (g). , added subsecs. (f) and (g).

Pub. L. 111–82009—Subsec. (e)(1)(B)(ii) to (iv). inserted “and” after semicolon in cl. (ii), substituted period for “; and” in cl. (iii), and struck out cl. (iv) which read as follows: “the Comptroller General shall, within 30 days after receiving such plan, review such plan and submit to such committees an assessment of the explanation for the subsequent transfer or transfers.”

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Annual Report

Pub. L. 108–494, title II, § 207118 Stat. 3996

“The National Telecommunications and Information Administration shall submit an annual report to the Committees on Appropriations and Energy and Commerce of the House of Representatives, the Committees on Appropriations and Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate, and the Comptroller General on—
“(1)
47 U.S.C. 928(d)(2)(B) the progress made in adhering to the timelines applicable to relocation from eligible frequencies required under [former] section 118(d)(2)(A) of the National Telecommunications and Information Administration Organization Act [now ], separately stated on a communication system-by-system basis and on an auction-by-auction basis; and
“(2)
47 U.S.C. 923(g)(4) with respect to each relocated communication system and auction, a statement of the estimate of relocation costs required under section 113(g)(4) of such Act [], the actual relocations costs incurred, and the amount of such costs paid from the Spectrum Relocation Fund.”
, , , provided that: