US Code

Public Law 119-73 (01/23/2026)

7 U.S.C. § 12c

Disciplinary actions

(a)

Action taken; written notice of reasons for action

(1)
Any exchange or the Commission if the exchange fails to act, may suspend, expel, or otherwise discipline any person who is a member of that exchange, or deny any person access to the exchange. Any such action shall be taken solely in accordance with the rules of that exchange.
(2)
Any suspension, expulsion, disciplinary, or access denial procedure established by an exchange rule shall provide for written notice to the Commission and to the person who is suspended, expelled, or disciplined, or denied access, within thirty days, which includes the reasons for the exchange action in the form and manner the Commission prescribes. An exchange shall make public its findings and the reasons for the exchange action in any such proceeding, including the action taken or the penalty imposed, but shall not disclose the evidence therefor, except to the person who is suspended, expelled, or disciplined, or denied access, and to the Commission.
(b)

Review by Commission

The Commission may, in its discretion and in accordance with such standards and procedures as it deems appropriate, review any decision by an exchange whereby a person is suspended, expelled, otherwise disciplined, or denied access to the exchange. In addition, the Commission may, in its discretion and upon application of any person who is adversely affected by any other exchange action, review such action.

(c)

Affirmance, modification, set aside, or remand of action

The Commission may affirm, modify, set aside, or remand any exchange decision it reviews pursuant to subsection (b), after a determination on the record whether the action of the exchange was in accordance with the policies of this chapter. Subject to judicial review, any order of the Commission entered pursuant to subsection (b) shall govern the exchange in its further treatment of the matter.

(d)

Stay of action

The Commission, in its discretion, may order a stay of any action taken pursuant to subsection (a) pending review thereof.

(e)

Major disciplinary rule violations

(1)
The Commission shall issue regulations requiring each registered entity to establish and make available to the public a schedule of major violations of any rule within the disciplinary jurisdiction of such registered entity.
(2)
The regulations issued by the Commission pursuant to this subsection shall prohibit, for a period of time to be determined by the Commission, any individual who is found to have committed any major violation from service on the governing board of any registered entity or registered futures association, or on any disciplinary committee thereof.

Sept. 21, 1922, ch. 369, § 8cPub. L. 93–463, title II, § 21688 Stat. 1405Pub. L. 95–405, § 1892 Stat. 874Pub. L. 102–546, title II, § 206(a)(2)106 Stat. 3602Pub. L. 106–554, § 1(a)(5) [title I, § 123(a)(20)]114 Stat. 2763(, as added , , ; amended , , ; , , ; , , , 2763A–410.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

Pub. L. 106–5542000—Subsec. (e). substituted “registered entity” for “contract market” wherever appearing.

Pub. L. 102–5461992— redesignated pars. (1) to (4) as subsecs. (a) to (d), respectively, in subsec. (a) redesignated subpars. (A) and (B) as pars. (1) and (2), respectively, in subsec. (c) substituted references to subsection (b) for references to paragraph (2), in subsec. (d) substituted reference to subsection (a) for reference to paragraph (1), and added subsec. (e).

Pub. L. 95–4051978—Par. (1)(B). substituted “An exchange shall make public its findings and the reasons for the exchange action in any such proceeding, including the action taken or the penalty imposed, but shall not disclose the evidence therefor, except to the person who is suspended, expelled, or disciplined or denied access, and to the Commission” for “Otherwise the notice and reasons shall be kept confidential”.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1978 Amendment

Pub. L. 95–405section 28 of Pub. L. 95–405section 2 of this titleAmendment by effective , see , set out as a note under .

Effective Date

section 418 of Pub. L. 93–463section 2 of this titleFor effective date of section, see , set out as an Effective Date of 1968 Amendment note under .