Public Law 119-87 (04/30/2026)

8 U.S.C. § 1439

Naturalization through service in the armed forces

(a)

Requirements

A person who has served honorably at any time in the armed forces of the United States for a period or periods aggregating one year, and, who, if separated from such service, was never separated except under honorable conditions, may be naturalized without having resided, continuously immediately preceding the date of filing such person’s application, in the United States for at least five years, and in the State or district of the Service in the United States in which the application for naturalization is filed for at least three months, and without having been physically present in the United States for any specified period, if such application is filed while the applicant is still in the service or within six months after the termination of such service.

(b)

Exceptions

A person filing an application under subsection (a) of this section shall comply in all other respects with the requirements of this subchapter, except that—
(1)
no residence within a State or district of the Service in the United States shall be required;
(2)
section 1429 of this title notwithstanding insofar as it relates to deportability, such applicant may be naturalized immediately if the applicant be then actually in the Armed Forces of the United States, and if prior to the filing of the application, the applicant shall have appeared before and been examined by a representative of the Service;
(3)
the applicant shall furnish to the Secretary of Homeland Security, prior to any hearing upon his application, a certified statement from the proper executive department for each period of his service upon which he relies for the benefits of this section, clearly showing that such service was honorable and that no discharges from service, including periods of service not relied upon by him for the benefits of this section, were other than honorable (the certificate or certificates herein provided for shall be conclusive evidence of such service and discharge); and
(4)
notwithstanding any other provision of law, no fee shall be charged or collected from the applicant for filing the application, or for the issuance of a certificate of naturalization upon being granted citizenship, and no clerk of any State court shall charge or collect any fee for such services unless the laws of the State require such charge to be made, in which case nothing more than the portion of the fee required to be paid to the State shall be charged or collected.
(c)

Periods when not in service

In the case such applicant’s service was not continuous, the applicant’s residence in the United States and State or district of the Service in the United States, good moral character, attachment to the principles of the Constitution of the United States, and favorable disposition toward the good order and happiness of the United States, during any period within five years immediately preceding the date of filing such application between the periods of applicant’s service in the Armed Forces, shall be alleged in the application filed under the provisions of subsection (a) of this section, and proved at any hearing thereon. Such allegation and proof shall also be made as to any period between the termination of applicant’s service and the filing of the application for naturalization.

(d)

Residence requirements

section 1427(a) of this titleThe applicant shall comply with the requirements of , if the termination of such service has been more than six months preceding the date of filing the application for naturalization, except that such service within five years immediately preceding the date of filing such application shall be considered as residence and physical presence within the United States.

(e)

Moral character

section 1427(a) of this titleAny such period or periods of service under honorable conditions, and good moral character, attachment to the principles of the Constitution of the United States, and favorable disposition toward the good order and happiness of the United States, during such service, shall be proved by duly authenticated copies of the records of the executive departments having custody of the records of such service, and such authenticated copies of records shall be accepted in lieu of compliance with the provisions of .

(f)

Revocation

section 1451 of this titlesection 1451 of this titleCitizenship granted pursuant to this section may be revoked in accordance with if the person is separated from the Armed Forces under other than honorable conditions before the person has served honorably for a period or periods aggregating five years. Such ground for revocation shall be in addition to any other provided by law, including the grounds described in . The fact that the naturalized person was separated from the service under other than honorable conditions shall be proved by a duly authenticated certification from the executive department under which the person was serving at the time of separation. Any period or periods of service shall be proved by duly authenticated copies of the records of the executive departments having custody of the records of such service.

June 27, 1952, ch. 477 66 Stat. 249 Pub. L. 90–633, § 582 Stat. 1344 Pub. L. 97–116, § 15(e)95 Stat. 1619 Pub. L. 101–649, title IV, § 407(b)(4)104 Stat. 5040–5042 Pub. L. 102–232, title III, § 305(c)105 Stat. 1750 Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title XVII, § 1701(a)117 Stat. 1691 Pub. L. 110–382, § 3(a)122 Stat. 4088 (, title III, ch. 2, § 328, ; , , ; , , ; , (c)(10), (d)(8), , ; , , ; , (b)(1), (c)(1)(A), (f), , , 1692; , , .)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

Pub. L. 110–3822008—Subsecs. (g), (h). , §§ 3(a), 4, temporarily added subsecs. (g) and (h) which related to processing and adjudication of applications for naturalization and required annual reports to Congress on failures to process and adjudicate certain applications within 1 year of filing due to delays in conducting required background checks. See Termination Date of 2008 Amendment note below.

Pub. L. 108–136, § 1701(a)2003—Subsec. (a). , substituted “one year,” for “three years,”.

Pub. L. 108–136, § 1701(f)Subsec. (b)(3). , substituted “Secretary of Homeland Security” for “Attorney General”.

Pub. L. 108–136, § 1701(b)(1)(A), substituted “honorable (the” for “honorable. The” and “discharge); and” for “discharge.”

Pub. L. 108–136, § 1701(b)(1)(B)Subsec. (b)(4). , added par. (4).

Pub. L. 108–136, § 1701(c)(1)(A)Subsec. (f). , added subsec. (f).

Pub. L. 102–232Pub. L. 101–649, § 407(d)(8)1991—Subsecs. (b), (c). amended directory language of . See 1990 Amendment notes below.

Pub. L. 101–649, § 407(b)(4)(A)1990—Subsec. (a). , (c)(10), substituted “State or district of the Service in the United States” for “State”, “for at least three months” for “for at least six months”, and references to applicant and application for references to petitioner and petition wherever appearing.

Pub. L. 101–649, § 407(b)(4)(B)Pub. L. 102–232Subsec. (b). , (c)(10), (d)(8), as amended by , substituted “within a State or district of the Service in the United States” for “within the jurisdiction of the court” in par. (1), “any hearing” for “the final hearing” in par. (3), and references to applicant and application for references to petitioner and petition wherever appearing.

Pub. L. 101–649, § 407(b)(4)(C)Pub. L. 102–232Subsec. (c). , (c)(10), (d)(8), as amended by , substituted “State or district of the Service in the United States” for “State”, “any hearing” for “the final hearing”, and references to applicant’s and application for references to petitioner’s and petition wherever appearing.

Pub. L. 101–649, § 407(c)(10)Subsec. (d). , substituted references to applicant and application for references to petitioner and petition wherever appearing.

Pub. L. 97–116section 1447(c) of this title1981—Subsec. (b)(2). struck out “and ” after “relates to deportability” and “and the witnesses” after “petition, the petitioner”.

Pub. L. 90–633section 1429 of this title1968—Subsec. (b)(2). inserted reference to as it relates to deportability.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Termination Date of 2008 Amendment

Pub. L. 110–382section 4 of Pub. L. 110–382section 271 of Title 6Amendment by repealed 5 years after , see , set out as a note under , Domestic Security.

Effective Date of 2003 Amendment

Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title XVII, § 1701(c)(2)117 Stat. 1692

section 1440 of this title“The amendments made by paragraph (1) [amending this section and ] shall apply to citizenship granted on or after the date of the enactment of this Act [].”
, , , provided that:

Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title XVII, § 1705117 Stat. 1696

“(a)

In General .—

section 1443a of this titleExcept as provided in subsection (b), this title [enacting , amending this section and sections 1430, 1440 and 1440–1 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and sections 1151, 1430, and 1443a of this title] and the amendments made by this title shall take effect as if enacted on .
“(b)

Exception .—

section 1440 of this titlesection 1443a of this titleThe amendments made by sections 1701(b) (relating to naturalization fees) [amending this section and ] and 1701(d) (relating to naturalization proceedings overseas) [enacting ] shall take effect on .”
, , , provided that:

Effective Date of 1991 Amendment

Pub. L. 102–232Pub. L. 101–649section 310(1) of Pub. L. 102–232section 1101 of this titleAmendment by effective as if included in the enactment of the Immigration Act of 1990, , see , set out as a note under .

Effective Date of 1981 Amendment

Pub. L. 97–116section 21(a) of Pub. L. 97–116section 1101 of this titleAmendment by effective , see , set out as a note under .

Abolition of Immigration and Naturalization Service and Transfer of Functions

section 1551 of this titleFor abolition of Immigration and Naturalization Service, transfer of functions, and treatment of related references, see note set out under .