10 USC Subtitle A, PART V, Subpart A: General

From Title 10—ARMED FORCESSubtitle A—General Military LawPART V—ACQUISITION

Subpart A—General

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2018—Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title VIII, §801(a), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 1826, added subpart heading.

CHAPTER 201—DEFINITIONS

Subchapter

Sec.

Definitions Relating to Defense Acquisition System Generally

3001

II.

Definitions Applicable to Procurement Generally

3011

III.

Definitions Relating to Major Systems and Major Defense Acquisition Programs

3041

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior chapter 201 "DEFINITIONS", as added by Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title VIII, §801(a), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 1826, and consisting of reserved section 3001, was repealed by Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XVIII, §1806(a)(1), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4151.

SUBCHAPTER I—DEFINITIONS RELATING TO DEFENSE ACQUISITION SYSTEM GENERALLY

Sec.

3001.

Defense acquisition system; element of the defense acquisition system.

3002.

Federal Acquisition Regulation.

3003.

[Reserved].

3004.

Head of an agency.

3005.

[Reserved].

3006.

Acquisition workforce.

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2021—Pub. L. 117–81, div. A, title XVII, §1701(i)(1)(A), Dec. 27, 2021, 135 Stat. 2140, amended Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XVIII, §1806(a)(1), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4151, which added this analysis, by substituting "[Reserved]" for "Defense Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement" in item 3003 and for "Service chief concerned" in item 3005.

§3001. Defense acquisition system; element of the defense acquisition system

(a) Defense Acquisition System.—In this part, the term "defense acquisition system" means—

(1) the workforce engaged in carrying out the acquisition of property and services for the Department of Defense;

(2) the management structure responsible for directing and overseeing the acquisition of property and services for the Department of Defense; and

(3) the statutory, regulatory, and policy framework that guides the acquisition of property and services for the Department of Defense.

(b) Element of the Defense Acquisition System.—In this part, the term "element of the defense acquisition system" means an organization that—

(1) employs members of the acquisition workforce;

(2) carries out acquisition functions; and

(3) focuses primarily on acquisition.

(Added and amended Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XVIII, §1806(a)(1)–(4), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4152; Pub. L. 117–81, div. A, title XVII, §1701(b)(1), Dec. 27, 2021, 135 Stat. 2132.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

The text of pars. (2), (3), and (1) of section 2545 of this title, which were transferred or copied to this section, redesignated as subsecs. (a), (b), and (c), respectively, and amended by Pub. L. 116–283, §1806(a)(2)–(4), was based on Pub. L. 111–383, div. A, title VIII, §861(a), Jan. 7, 2011, 124 Stat. 4288; Pub. L. 113–291, div. A, title X, §1071(a)(11), Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3505.

Section 2545 of this title, which was transferred or copied in large part to this section by Pub. L. 116–283, §1806(a)(2)–(4), was also transferred to section 3101 of this title by Pub. L. 116–283, §1808(a)(2).

Prior Provisions

A prior section 3001 was renumbered section 7001 of this title.

Amendments

2021—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 116–283, §1806(a)(2), redesignated par. (2) of section 2545 of this title as subsec. (a) of this section, inserted heading and realigned margin, substituted "In this part, the term" for "The term", and inserted dash after "means", par. (1) designation before "the workforce", par. (2) designation before "the management", and par. (3) designation before "the statutory,".

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 116–283, §1806(a)(3), redesignated par. (3) of section 2545 of this title as subsec. (b) of this section, inserted heading and realigned margin, substituted "In this part, the term" for "The term", "workforce;" for "workforce,", and "functions;" for "functions,", and inserted dash after "organization that", par. (1) designation before "employs", par. (2) designation before "carries out", and par. (3) designation before "focuses".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 116–283, §1806(a)(4), as amended by Pub. L. 117–81, §1701(b)(1), added subsec. (c) consisting of text of par. (1) of section 2545 of this title, inserted heading, and substituted "In this section, the term" for "The term".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2021 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 117–81 applicable as if included in the enactment of title XVIII of Pub. L. 116–283 as enacted, see section 1701(a)(2) of Pub. L. 117–81, set out in a note preceding this section and Effective Date note below.

Effective Date

Section and amendment by Pub. L. 116–283 effective Jan. 1, 2022, with additional provisions for delayed implementation and applicability of existing law, see section 1801(d) of Pub. L. 116–283, set out as an Effective Date of 2021 Amendment note preceding this section.

§3002. Federal Acquisition Regulation

In this part, the term "Federal Acquisition Regulation" means the Federal Acquisition Regulation issued pursuant to section 1303(a)(1) of title 41.

(Added and amended Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XVIII, §1806(a)(1), (5), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4152.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

The text of par. (6) of section 2302 of this title, which was transferred to this section and amended by Pub. L. 116–283, §1806(a)(5), was based on Pub. L. 101–189, div. A, title VIII, §853(b)(1), Nov. 29, 1989, 103 Stat. 1518; Pub. L. 111–350, §5(b)(8)(B), Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 3843.

Amendments

2021—Pub. L. 116–283, §1806(a)(5), transferred par. (6) of section 2302 of this title to this section, realigned margin, struck out par. (6) designation at beginning, and substituted "In this part, the term" for "The term".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

§3003. [Reserved]

(Added Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XVIII, §1806(a)(1), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4152; amended Pub. L. 117–81, div. A, title XVII, §1701(i)(1)(B), Dec. 27, 2021, 135 Stat. 2140.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2021—Pub. L. 117–81, §1701(i)(1)(B), amended Pub. L. 116–283, §1806(a)(1), which enacted this section, by adding section 3003 designation and catchline "[Reserved]" and striking out former section 3003 designation and catchline "Defense Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2021 Amendment

Amendment made to Pub. L. 116–283 by Pub. L. 117–81, resulting in omission of this section, applicable as if included in the enactment of title XVIII of Pub. L. 116–283 as enacted, see section 1701(a)(2) of Pub. L. 117–81, set out in a note preceding section 3001 of this title and Effective Date note below.

Effective Date

Section effective Jan. 1, 2022, with additional provisions for delayed implementation and applicability of existing law, see section 1801(d) of Pub. L. 116–283, set out as an Effective Date of 2021 Amendment note preceding section 3001 of this title.

§3004. Head of an agency

In this part, the term "head of an agency" means the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of the Army, the Secretary of the Navy, the Secretary of the Air Force, the Secretary of Homeland Security, and the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.

(Added and amended Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XVIII, §1806(a)(1), (6), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4152, 4153.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

The text of par. (1) of section 2302 of this title, which was transferred to this section and amended by Pub. L. 116–283, §1806(a)(6), was based on act Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 127; Pub. L. 85–568, title III, §301(b), July 29, 1958, 72 Stat. 432; 96–513, title V, §511(74), Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2926; Pub. L. 98–369, div. B, title VII, §2722(a), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 1186; Pub. L. 100–26, §7(k)(2), Apr. 21, 1987, 101 Stat. 284; Pub. L. 107–296, title XVII, §1704(b)(1), Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2314.

Amendments

2021—Pub. L. 116–283, §1806(a)(6), transferred par. (1) of section 2302 of this title to this section, realigned margin, struck out par. (1) designation at beginning, and substituted "In this part, the term" for "The term".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

§3005. [Reserved]

(Added Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XVIII, §1806(a)(1), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4152; amended Pub. L. 117–81, div. A, title XVII, §1701(i)(1)(C), Dec. 27, 2021, 135 Stat. 2141.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2021—Pub. L. 117–81, §1701(i)(1)(C), amended Pub. L. 116–283, §1806(a)(1), which enacted this section, by adding section 3005 designation and heading "[Reserved]" and striking out former section 3005 heading and catchline "Service chief concerned".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2021 Amendment

Effective Date

§3006. Acquisition workforce

For the definition of the term "acquisition workforce" for the purposes of this part, see section 101(a)(18) of this title.

(Added Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XVIII, §1806(a)(1), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4152.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 3010 was renumbered section 7011 of this title.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

SUBCHAPTER II—DEFINITIONS APPLICABLE TO PROCUREMENT GENERALLY

Sec.

3011.

Definitions incorporated from title 41.

3012.

Competitive procedures.

3013.

Technical data.

3014.

Nontraditional defense contractor.

3015.

Simplified acquisition threshold.

3016.

Chapter 137 legacy provisions.

§3011. Definitions incorporated from title 41

In any chapter 137 legacy provision, the following terms have the meanings provided such terms in chapter 1 of title 41:

(1) The term "procurement".

(2) The term "procurement system".

(3) The term "standards".

(4) The term "full and open competition".

(5) The term "responsible source".

(6) The term "item".

(7) The term "item of supply".

(8) The term "supplies".

(9) The term "commercial product".

(10) The term "commercial service".

(11) The term "nondevelopmental item".

(12) The term "commercial component".

(13) The term "component".

(Added and amended Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XVIII, §1806(b)(1), (2), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4153.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

The text of par. (3) of section 2302 of this title, which was transferred to this section and amended by Pub. L. 116–283, §1806(b)(2), was based on Pub. L. 103–355, title I, §1502(1), Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3296; Pub. L. 104–106, div. D, title XLIII, §4321(b)(3), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 672; Pub. L. 111–350, §5(b)(8), Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 3842; Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title VIII, §836(c)(1), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 1864.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 3011 was renumbered section 7011 of this title.

Another prior section 3011 was renumbered section 7012 of this title.

Amendments

2021—Pub. L. 116–283, §1806(b)(2), transferred par. (3) of section 2302 of this title to this section, realigned margin, struck out par. (3) designation at beginning, substituted "In any chapter 137 legacy provision, the following" for "The following" in introductory provisions, and redesignated subpars. (A) to (M) as pars. (1) to (13), respectively.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

§3012. Competitive procedures

In this part, the term "competitive procedures" means procedures under which the head of an agency enters into a contract pursuant to full and open competition. Such term also includes—

(1) procurement of architectural or engineering services conducted in accordance with chapter 11 of title 40;

(2) the competitive selection for award of science and technology proposals resulting from a general solicitation and the peer review or scientific review (as appropriate) of such proposals;

(3) the procedures established by the Administrator of General Services for the multiple award schedule program of the General Services Administration if—

(A) participation in the program has been open to all responsible sources; and

(B) orders and contracts under such program result in the lowest overall cost alternative to meet the needs of the United States;

(4) procurements conducted in furtherance of section 15 of the Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 644) as long as all responsible business concerns that are entitled to submit offers for such procurements are permitted to compete; and

(5) a competitive selection of research proposals resulting from a general solicitation and peer review or scientific review (as appropriate) solicited pursuant to section 9 of the Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 638).

(Added and amended Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XVIII, §1806(b)(1), (3), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4153.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

The text of par. (2) of section 2302 of this title, which was transferred to this section and amended by Pub. L. 116–283, §1806(b)(3), was based on act Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 127; Pub. L. 98–369, div. B, title VII, §2722(a), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 1186; Pub. L. 98–577, title V, §504(b)(3), Oct. 30, 1984, 98 Stat. 3087; Pub. L. 99–661, div. A, title XIII, §1343(a)(13), Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 3993; Pub. L. 100–26, §7(k)(2), Apr. 21, 1987, 101 Stat. 284; Pub. L. 107–217, §3(b)(2), Aug. 21, 2002, 116 Stat. 1295; Pub. L. 115–91, div. A, title II, §221, Dec. 12, 2017, 131 Stat. 1333.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 3012 was renumbered section 7012 of this title.

Another prior section 3012 was renumbered section 3013 of this title and subsequently repealed.

Amendments

2021—Pub. L. 116–283, §1806(b)(3), transferred par. (2) of section 2302 of this title to this section, realigned margin, struck out par. (2) designation at beginning, substituted "In this part, the term" for "The term" in introductory provisions, redesignated subpars. (A) to (E) as pars. (1) to (5), respectively, and, in par. (3), redesignated cls. (i) and (ii) as subpars. (A) and (B), respectively.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

§3013. Technical data

In any chapter 137 legacy provision, the term "technical data" means recorded information (regardless of the form or method of the recording) of a scientific or technical nature (including computer software documentation) relating to supplies procured by an agency. Such term does not include computer software or financial, administrative, cost or pricing, or management data or other information incidental to contract administration.

(Added and amended Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XVIII, §1806(b)(1), (4), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4153.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

The text of par. (4) of section 2302 of this title, which was transferred to this section and amended by Pub. L. 116–283, §1806(b)(4), was based on Pub. L. 98–525, title XII, §1211, Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2589; Pub. L. 100–26, §7(k)(2), Apr. 21, 1987, 101 Stat. 284.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 3013 was renumbered section 7013 of this title.

Another prior section 3013, acts Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 157, §3012; Sept. 2, 1958, Pub. L. 85–861, §1(57), 72 Stat. 1462; Sept. 7, 1962, Pub. L. 87–651, title II, §211, 76 Stat. 524; Aug. 14, 1964, Pub. L. 88–426, title III, §§305(2), 306(j)(1), 78 Stat. 422, 431; Nov. 2, 1966, Pub. L. 89–718, §22, 80 Stat. 1118; renumbered §3013, Oct. 1, 1986, Pub. L. 99–433, title V, §501(a)(2), 100 Stat. 1034, related to Secretary of the Army, powers and duties, and delegations, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 99–433, §501(a)(5).

Another prior section 3013 was renumbered section 3014 of this title and subsequently repealed.

Amendments

2021—Pub. L. 116–283, §1806(b)(4), transferred par. (4) of section 2302 of this title to this section, realigned margin, struck out par. (4) designation at beginning, and substituted "In any chapter 137 legacy provision, the term" for "The term".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

§3014. Nontraditional defense contractor

In this part, the term "nontraditional defense contractor", with respect to a procurement or with respect to a transaction authorized under section 4021(a) or 4022 of this title, means an entity that is not currently performing and has not performed, for at least the one-year period preceding the solicitation of sources by the Department of Defense for the procurement or transaction, any contract or subcontract for the Department of Defense that is subject to full coverage under the cost accounting standards prescribed pursuant to section 1502 of title 41 and the regulations implementing such section.

(Added and amended Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XVIII, §1806(b)(1), (5), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4153, 4154; Pub. L. 117–263, div. A, title X, §1081(a)(4), Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 2797.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

The text of par. (9) of section 2302 of this title, which was transferred to this section and amended by Pub. L. 116–283, §1806(b)(5), was based on Pub. L. 111–383, div. A, title VIII, §866(g)(1), Jan. 7, 2011, 124 Stat. 4298; Pub. L. 113–291, div. A, title X, §1071(a)(2)(B), Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3504; Pub. L. 114–92, div. A, title VIII, §815(b), Nov. 25, 2015, 129 Stat. 896.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 3014 was renumbered section 7014 of this title.

Another prior section 3014, acts Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 158, §3013; Aug. 6, 1958, Pub. L. 85–599, §8(a), 72 Stat. 519; Sept. 2, 1958, Pub. L. 85–861, §1(58), 72 Stat. 1462; Aug. 14, 1964, Pub. L. 88–426, title III, §305(3), 78 Stat. 422; Dec. 1, 1967, Pub. L. 90–168, §2(12), 81 Stat. 523; Dec. 31, 1970, Pub. L. 91–611, title II, §211(a), 84 Stat. 1829; Nov. 9, 1979, Pub. L. 96–107, title VIII, §820(b), 93 Stat. 819; Sept. 24, 1983, Pub. L. 98–94, title XII, §1212(c)(1), 97 Stat. 687; renumbered §3014, Oct. 1, 1986, Pub. L. 99–433, title V, §501(a)(2), 100 Stat. 1034, related to Under Secretary and Assistant Secretaries of the Army, appointment, and duties, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 99–433, §501(a)(5).

Another prior section 3014 was renumbered section 3015 of this title and subsequently repealed.

Amendments

2022—Pub. L. 117–263 substituted "section 4021(a) or 4022" for "section 4002(a) or 4003".

2021—Pub. L. 116–283, §1806(b)(5), transferred par. (9) of section 2302 of this title to this section, realigned margin, struck out par. (9) designation at beginning, and substituted "In this part, the term" for "The term" and "section 4002(a) or 4003" for "section 2371(a) or 2371b".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

§3015. Simplified acquisition threshold

In this part:

(1) The term "simplified acquisition threshold" has the meaning provided that term in section 134 of title 41, except that, in the case of any contract to be awarded and performed, or purchase to be made, outside the United States in support of a contingency operation or a humanitarian or peacekeeping operation, the term means an amount equal to two times the amount specified for that term in such section.

(2) The term "humanitarian or peacekeeping operation" means a military operation in support of the provision of humanitarian or foreign disaster assistance or in support of a peacekeeping operation under chapter VI or VII of the Charter of the United Nations. The term does not include routine training, force rotation, or stationing.

(Added and amended Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XVIII, §1806(b)(1), (6), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4153, 4154.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

The text of pars. (7) and (8) of section 2302 of this title, which were transferred to this section, redesignated as pars. (1) and (2), respectively, and amended by Pub. L. 116–283, §1806(b)(6), was based on Pub. L. 103–355, title I, §1502, Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3296; Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title VIII, §807(a), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2606; Pub. L. 105–85, div. A, title VIII, §803(b), Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 1832; Pub. L. 111–350, §5(b)(8)(C), Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 3843; Pub. L. 113–291, div. A, title X, §1071(a)(2)(A), Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3504.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 3015 was renumbered section 7015 of this title.

Another prior section 3015, acts Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 158, §3014; renumbered §3015, Oct. 1, 1986, Pub. L. 99–433, title V, §501(a)(2), 100 Stat. 1034, related to Comptroller and Deputy Comptroller of the Army, powers and duties, and appointment, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 99–433, §501(a)(5).

Another prior section 3015 was renumbered section 3040 of this title and subsequently repealed.

Amendments

2021—Pub. L. 116–283, §1806(b)(6), redesignated pars. (7) and (8) of section 2302 of this title as pars. (1) and (2), respectively, of this section and inserted introductory provisions.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

§3016. Chapter 137 legacy provisions

In this part, the term "chapter 137 legacy provisions" means the following sections of this title: sections 3002, 3004, 3011–3015, 3041, 3063–3069, 3134, 3151–3157, 3201–3208, 3221–3227, 3241, 3243, 3249, 3252, 3301–3309, 3321–3323, 3344, 3345, 3371–3375, 3377, 3401, 3403, 3405, 3406, 3501–3511, 3531–3535, 3571, 3572, 3573, 3701–3708, 3741–3750, 3761, 3771–3775, 3781–3786, 3791, 3794, 3801–3807, 3841, 3842, 3847, 3881, 3901, 3902, 4202(b), 4324, 4325, 4501, 4502, 4505, 4506, 4507, 4576, 4657, 4660, 4751, 4752, and 8751.

(Added Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XVIII, §1806(b)(7), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4154.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 3016 was renumbered section 7016 of this title.

Another prior section 3016 was renumbered section 7018 of this title.

Prior sections 3017 and 3018 were renumbered sections 7017 and 7018 of this title, respectively.

Another prior section 3018, added Pub. L. 85–861, §1(59)(A), Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1462, prescribed compensation of General Counsel of Department of the Army, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 88–426, title III, §305(40)(A), Aug. 14, 1964, 78 Stat. 427, eff. first day of first pay period beginning on or after July 1, 1964.

A prior section 3019 was renumbered section 7019 of this title.

Another prior section 3019 was renumbered section 7038 of this title.

A prior section 3020 was renumbered section 7020 of this title.

A prior section 3021 was renumbered section 7021 of this title.

Another prior section 3021 was renumbered section 10302 of this title.

Prior sections 3022 to 3024, 3031, and 3032 were renumbered sections 7022 to 7024, 7031, and 7032 of this title, respectively.

A prior section 3033 was renumbered section 7033 of this title.

Another prior section 3033 was renumbered section 10302 of this title.

A prior section 3034 was renumbered section 7034 of this title.

Another prior section 3034 was renumbered section 7033 of this title.

A prior section 3035 was renumbered section 7035 of this title.

Another prior section 3035 was renumbered section 7034 of this title.

Prior sections 3036 and 3037 were renumbered sections 7036 and 7037 of this title, respectively.

A prior section 3038 was renumbered section 7038 of this title.

Another prior section 3038, act Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 164, charged Chief of Engineers with responsibility for Army construction, real estate acquisition and management, and the operation of water, gas, electric, and sewer utilities, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 89–718, §25(a), Nov. 2, 1966, 80 Stat. 1119.

A prior section 3039, act Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 165, §3040; Pub. L. 95–485, title VIII, §805(a), Oct. 20, 1978, 92 Stat. 1621; renumbered §3039 and amended Pub. L. 99–433, title V, §502(f)(2), Oct. 1, 1986, 100 Stat. 1042, related to deputy and assistant chiefs of branches, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title V, §502(n)(1), Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2103.

Another prior section 3039, act Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 164, related to Inspector General and Provost Marshal General, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 99–433, §502(f)(1). See section 7020 of this title.

A prior section 3040, acts Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 159, §3015; Aug. 6, 1958, Pub. L. 85–599, §12, 72 Stat. 521; renumbered §3040, Oct. 1, 1986, Pub. L. 99–433, title V, §501(a)(1), 100 Stat. 1034; Sept. 29, 1988, Pub. L. 100–456, div. A, title XII, §1234(a)(1), 102 Stat. 2059, related to National Guard Bureau, Chief of Bureau, appointment and acting Chief, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title IX, §904(b)(1), (d), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2827, effective at the end of the 90-day period beginning on Oct. 5, 1994. See sections 10501, 10502, and 10505 of this title.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

SUBCHAPTER III—DEFINITIONS RELATING TO MAJOR SYSTEMS AND MAJOR DEFENSE ACQUISITION PROGRAMS

Sec.

3041.

Major system.

3042.

Major defense acquisition program.

§3041. Major system

(a) In General.—In this part (other than in sections 4292(e) and 4321), the term "major system" means a combination of elements that will function together to produce the capabilities required to fulfill a mission need. The elements may include hardware, equipment, software or any combination thereof, but excludes construction or other improvements to real property.

(b) System Considered to Be a Major System.—A system shall be considered a major system if—

(1) the conditions of subsection (c) or (d), as applicable, are satisfied; or

(2) the system is designated a "major system" by the head of the agency responsible for the system.

(1) In general.—For purposes of subsection (b), a system for which the Department of Defense is responsible shall be considered a major system if—

(A) the total expenditures for research, development, test, and evaluation for the system are estimated to be more than $115,000,000 (based on fiscal year 1990 constant dollars); or

(B) the eventual total expenditure for procurement for the system is estimated to be more than $540,000,000 (based on fiscal year 1990 constant dollars).

(2) Adjustment authority.—Authority for the Secretary of Defense to adjust amounts and the base fiscal year in effect under this subsection is provided in section 4202(b) of this title.

(d) Civilian Agency Systems.—For purposes of subsection (b), a system for which a civilian agency is responsible shall be considered a major system if total expenditures for the system are estimated to exceed the greater of—

(1) $750,000 (based on fiscal year 1980 constant dollars); or

(2) the dollar threshold for a "major system" established by the agency pursuant to Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Circular A–109, entitled "Major Systems Acquisitions".

(Added and amended Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XVIII, §1806(c), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4154.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

The text of par. (5) of section 2302 of this title, which was transferred to this section, redesignated as subsecs. (a) and (b), and amended by Pub. L. 116–283, §1806(c)(2), was based on Pub. L. 98–525, title XII, §1211, Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2589; Pub. L. 100–26, §7(k)(2), Apr. 21, 1987, 101 Stat. 284; Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title VIII, §805(a)(1), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2605.

The text of subsecs. (a) and (b) of section 2302d of this title, which were transferred to this section, redesignated as subsecs. (c) and (d), respectively, and amended by Pub. L. 116–283, §1806(c)(3), was based on Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title VIII, §805(a)(2), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2605; Pub. L. 105–85, div. A, title X, §1073(a)(41), Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 1902.

Amendments

2021—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 116–283, §1806(c)(2)(A), redesignated par. (5) of section 2302 of this title as subsec. (a) of this section, realigned margin, inserted heading, and substituted "In this part (other than in sections 4292(e) and 4321), the term" for "The term". Former third sentence of subsec. (a) designated (b).

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 116–283, §1806(c)(2)(B), (C), after transfer of section 2302(5) of this title to subsec. (a) of this section, designated third sentence of subsec. (a) as (b), inserted heading, and substituted "system if—" and pars. (1) and (2) for "system if (A) the conditions of section 2302d of this title are satisfied, or (B) the system is designated a 'major system' by the head of the agency responsible for the system."

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 116–283, §1806(c)(3), redesignated subsec. (a) of section 2302d of this title as subsec. (c) of this section, substituted "subsection (b)" for "section 2302(5) of this title" in introductory provisions, designated existing provisions as par. (1) and inserted heading, redesignated former pars. (1) and (2) as subpars. (A) and (B), respectively, and added par. (2).

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 116–283, §1806(c)(3), redesignated subsec. (b) of section 2302d of this title as subsec. (d) of this section and substituted "subsection (b)" for "section 2302(5) of this title" in introductory provisions.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

§3042. Major defense acquisition program

For the definition of the term "major defense acquisition program" for purposes of this part, see section 4201 of this title.

(Added Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XVIII, §1806(c)(1), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4154.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 3061 was renumbered section 7061 of this title.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

CHAPTER 203—GENERAL MATTERS

Sec.

3061.

[Reserved].

3062.

Regulations.

3063.

Covered agencies.

3064.

Applicability of chapter 137 legacy provisions.

3065.

Assignment and delegation of procurement functions and responsibilities: delegation within agency.

3066.

Assignment and delegation of procurement functions and responsibilities: procurements for or with other agencies.

3067.

Approval required for military department termination or reduction in participation in joint acquisition programs.

3068.

Inapplicability of certain laws.

3069.

Buy-to-budget acquisition: end items.

3070.

Limitation on acquisition of excess supplies.

3071.

[Reserved].

3072.

Comptroller General assessment of acquisition programs and efforts.

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior chapter 203 "GENERAL MATTERS", as added by Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title VIII, §801(a), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 1826, and consisting of reserved section 3021, was repealed by Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XVIII, §1807(a), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4156.

Amendments

2022—Pub. L. 117–263, div. A, title VIII, §812(b), Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 2706, substituted "efforts" for "initiatives" in item 3072.

2021—Pub. L. 117–81, div. A, title XVII, §1701(f)(3), Dec. 27, 2021, 135 Stat. 2139, inserted "of" after "Applicability" in item 3064.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Internal Controls for Department of Defense Procurements Through GSA Client Support Centers

Pub. L. 108–375, div. A, title VIII, §802, Oct. 28, 2004, 118 Stat. 2004, as amended by Pub. L. 109–313, §2(c)(2), Oct. 6, 2006, 120 Stat. 1735; Pub. L. 116–92, div. A, title IX, §902(38), Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 1547, provided that:

"(a) Initial Inspector General Review and Determination.—(1) Not later than March 15, 2005, the Inspector General of the Department of Defense and the Inspector General of the General Services Administration shall jointly—

"(A) review—

"(i) the policies, procedures, and internal controls of each GSA Client Support Center; and

"(ii) the administration of those policies, procedures, and internal controls; and

"(B) for each such Center, determine in writing whether—

"(i) the Center is compliant with defense procurement requirements;

"(ii) the Center is not compliant with defense procurement requirements, but the Center made significant progress during 2004 toward becoming compliant with defense procurement requirements; or

"(iii) neither of the conclusions stated in clauses (i) and (ii) is correct.

"(2) If the Inspectors General determine under paragraph (1) that the conclusion stated in clause (ii) or (iii) of subparagraph (B) of such paragraph is correct in the case of a GSA Client Support Center, those Inspectors General shall, not later than March 15, 2006, jointly—

"(A) conduct a second review regarding that GSA Client Support Center as described in paragraph (1)(A); and

"(B) determine in writing whether that GSA Client Support Center is or is not compliant with defense procurement requirements.

"(b) Compliance With Defense Procurement Requirements.—For the purposes of this section, a GSA Client Support Center is compliant with defense procurement requirements if the GSA Client Support Center's policies, procedures, and internal controls, and the manner in which they are administered, are adequate to ensure compliance of that Center with the requirements of laws and regulations that apply to procurements of property and services made directly by the Department of Defense.

"(c) Limitations on Procurements Through GSA Client Support Centers.—(1) After March 15, 2005, and before March 16, 2006, no official of the Department of Defense may, except as provided in subsection (d) or (e), order, purchase, or otherwise procure property or services in an amount in excess of $100,000 through any GSA Client Support Center for which a determination described in paragraph (1)(B)(iii) of subsection (a) has been made under that subsection.

"(2) After March 15, 2006, no official of the Department of Defense may, except as provided in subsection (d) or (e), order, purchase, or otherwise procure property or services in an amount in excess of $100,000 through any GSA Client Support Center that has not been determined under this section as being compliant with defense procurement requirements.

"(d) Exception From Applicability of Limitations.—(1) No limitation applies under subsection (c) with respect to the procurement of property and services from a particular GSA Client Support Center during any period that there is in effect a determination of the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment, made in writing, that it is necessary in the interest of the Department of Defense to continue to procure property and services through that GSA Client Support Center.

"(2) A written determination with respect to a GSA Client Support Center under paragraph (1) is in effect for the period, not in excess of one year, that the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment shall specify in the written determination. The Under Secretary may extend from time to time, for up to one year at a time, the period for which the written determination remains in effect.

"(e) Termination of Applicability of Limitations.—Subsection (c) shall cease to apply to a GSA Client Support Center on the date on which the Inspector General of the Department of Defense and the Inspector General of the General Services Administration jointly determine that such Center is compliant with defense procurement requirements and notify the Secretary of Defense of that determination.

"(f) GSA Client Support Center Defined.—In this section, the term 'GSA Client Support Center' means a Client Support Center of the Federal Acquisition Service of the General Services Administration."

§3062. Regulations

The Secretary of Defense is required by section 2202 of this title to prescribe regulations governing the performance within the Department of Defense of the procurement functions, and related functions, of the Department of Defense.

(Added Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XVIII, §1807(b)(1), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4157; amended Pub. L. 117–81, div. A, title XVII, §1701(b)(2)(A), (j), Dec. 27, 2021, 135 Stat. 2132, 2143.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 3062 was renumbered section 7062 of this title.

Amendments

2021—Pub. L. 117–81, §1701(j), amended text of section enacted by Pub. L. 116–283, §1807(b)(1), by substituting "is required by section 2202 of this title to prescribe" for "shall prescribe".

Pub. L. 117–81, §1701(b)(2)(A), amended directory language of Pub. L. 116–283, §1807(b)(1), which enacted this section.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2021 Amendment

Effective Date

Pilot Program on Military Working Dog and Explosives Detection Canine Health and Excellence

Pub. L. 117–81, div. A, title III, §381, Dec. 27, 2021, 135 Stat. 1671, as amended by Pub. L. 117–263, div. A, title III, §386(a), Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 2544, provided that:

"(a) Pilot Program.—Not later than September 31, 2022, the Secretary of Defense shall carry out a pilot program to ensure the health and excellence of explosives detection military working dogs. Under such pilot program, the Secretary shall consult with domestic breeders of working dog lines, covered institutions of higher education, and covered national domestic canine associations, to—

"(1) facilitate the presentation, both in a central location and at regional field evaluations in the United States, of domestically-bred explosives detection military working dogs for assessment for procurement by the Department of Defense, at a rate of at least 250 canines presented per fiscal year;

"(2) facilitate the delivery and communication to domestic breeders, covered institutions of higher education, and covered national domestic canine associations, of information regarding—

"(A) any specific needs or requirements for the future acquisition by the Department of explosives detection military working dogs; and

"(B) any factors identified as relevant to the success or failure of explosives detection military working dogs presented for assessment pursuant to this section;

"(3) collect information on the biological and health factors of explosives detection military working dogs procured by the Department, and make such information available for academic research and to domestic breeders;

"(4) collect and make available genetic and phenotypic information, including canine rearing and training data for study by domestic breeders and covered institutions of higher education, for the further development of working canines that are bred, raised, and trained domestically; and

"(5) evaluate current Department guidance for the procurement of military working dogs to ensure that pricing structures and procurement requirements for foreign and domestic canine procurements accurately account for input cost differences between foreign and domestic canines.

"(b) Termination.—The authority to carry out the pilot program under subsection (a) shall terminate on October 1, 2025.

"(c) Definitions.—In this section:

"(1) The term 'covered institution of higher education' means an institution of higher education, as such term is defined in section 101 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001), with demonstrated expertise in veterinary medicine for working canines.

"(2) The term 'covered national domestic canine association' means a national domestic canine association with demonstrated expertise in the breeding and pedigree of working canine lines.

"(3) The term 'explosives detection military working dog' means a canine that, in connection with the work duties of the canine performed for the Department of Defense, is certified and trained to detect odors indicating the presence of explosives in a given object or area, in addition to the performance of such other duties for the Department as may be assigned."

Restriction on Department of Defense Procurement of Certain Items Containing Perfluorooctane Sulfonate or Perfluorooctanoic Acid

Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title III, §333, Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 3531, provided that:

"(a) Prohibition.—The Department of Defense may not procure any covered item that contains perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) or perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA).

"(b) Definitions.—In this section, the term 'covered item' means—

"(1) nonstick cookware or cooking utensils for use in galleys or dining facilities; and

"(2) upholstered furniture, carpets, and rugs that have been treated with stain-resistant coatings.

"(c) Effective Date.—This section shall take effect on April 1, 2023."

§3063. Covered agencies

For purposes of any provision of law referring to this section, the agencies named in this section are the following:

(1) The Department of Defense.

(2) The Department of the Army.

(3) The Department of the Navy.

(4) The Department of the Air Force.

(5) The Coast Guard.

(6) The National Aeronautics and Space Administration.

(Added and amended Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XVIII, §1807(c)(1), (2), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4157.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

The text of pars. (1) to (6) of section 2303(a) of this title, which were transferred to this section by Pub. L. 116–283, §1807(c)(2), was based on act Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 128; Pub. L. 85–568, title III, §301(b), July 29, 1958, 72 Stat. 432; Pub. L. 98–369, div. B, title VII, §2722(b)(1)(C), (D), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 1187.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 3063 was renumbered section 7063 of this title.

Amendments

2021—Pars. (1) to (6). Pub. L. 116–283, §1807(c)(2), transferred pars. (1) to (6) of section 2303(a) of this title to this section.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

§3064. Applicability of chapter 137 legacy provisions

(a) General Applicability.—Any provision of this part that is a chapter 137 legacy provision applies to the procurement by any of the agencies named in section 3063 of this title, for its use or otherwise, of all property (other than land) and all services for which payment is to be made from appropriated funds.

(b) Applicability to Contracts for Installation or Alteration.—The provisions of this part that are chapter 137 legacy provisions that apply to the procurement of property apply also to contracts for its installation or alteration.

(Added and amended Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XVIII, §1807(c)(1), (3), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4157; Pub. L. 117–81, div. A, title XVII, §1701(b)(2)(B), Dec. 27, 2021, 135 Stat. 2132.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

The text of subsec. (a) introductory provisions and subsec. (b) of section 2303 of this title, which were transferred to this section and amended by Pub. L. 116–283, §1807(c)(3), was based on act Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 128; Pub. L. 98–369, div. B, title VII, §2722(b)(1)(A), (B), (3), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 1187.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 3064 was renumbered section 7064 of this title.

Amendments

2021—Pub. L. 116–283, §1807(c)(3), transferred introductory provisions of subsec. (a) and subsec. (b) of section 2303 of this title to this section.

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 116–283, §1807(c)(3)(A), as amended by Pub. L. 117–81, §1701(b)(2)(B), inserted heading and substituted "Any provision of this part that is a chapter 137 legacy provision" for "This chapter", "of the agencies named in section 3063 of this title" for "of the following agencies", and period for colon at end.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 116–283, §1807(c)(3)(B), inserted heading and substituted "The provisions of this part that are chapter 137 legacy provisions" for "The provisions of this chapter".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2021 Amendment

Effective Date

§3065. Assignment and delegation of procurement functions and responsibilities: delegation within agency

Except to the extent expressly prohibited by another provision of law, the head of an agency may delegate, subject to his direction, to any other officer or official of that agency, any power under any provision of this part that is a chapter 137 legacy provision.

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 132, §2311; Pub. L. 85–800, §11, Aug. 28, 1958, 72 Stat. 967; Pub. L. 87–653, §1(g), Sept. 10, 1962, 76 Stat. 529; Pub. L. 90–378, §3, July 5, 1968, 82 Stat. 290; Pub. L. 97–86, title IX, §§907(c), 909(f), Dec. 1, 1981, 95 Stat. 1117, 1120; Pub. L. 98–369, div. B, title VII, §2726, July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 1194; Pub. L. 98–525, title XII, §1214, Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2592; Pub. L. 98–577, title V, §505, Oct. 30, 1984, 98 Stat. 3087; Pub. L. 103–355, title I, §1503(a)(1), Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3296; Pub. L. 107–107, div. A, title X, §1048(b)(2), Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1225; Pub. L. 116–92, div. A, title IX, §902(49), Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 1548; renumbered §3065 and amended Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XVIII, §1807(d)(1), (2)(A)–(C), (3), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4157, 4158.)

Historical and Revision Notes
Revised section	Source (U.S. Code)	Source (Statutes at Large)
2311	41:156(a) (less 1st sentence). 41:156(b).	Feb. 19, 1948, ch. 65, §7(a) (less 1st sentence), (b), 62 Stat. 24.

The words "in his discretion and" and "including the making of such determinations and decisions" are omitted as surplusage. The words "except the power to make determinations and decisions" are substituted for the words "Except as provided in subsection (b) of this section" and "The power of the agency head to make the determinations or decisions specified in paragraphs (12)–(16) of section 151(c) of this title and in section 154(a) of this title shall not be delegable".

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 3065 was renumbered section 7065 of this title.

Provisions similar to those in this section were contained in section 2308 of this title prior to repeal by Pub. L. 103–355, §1503(b)(1).

Amendments

2021—Pub. L. 116–283, §1807(d)(2)(C), (3), in section catchline, substituted "Assignment and delegation of procurement functions and responsibilities: delegation within agency" for "Emergency situations involving weapons of mass destruction" and, in text, struck out subsec. (a) designation and heading "In General" at beginning, and substituted "under any provision of this part that is a chapter 137 legacy provision" for "under this chapter".

Pub. L. 116–283, §1807(d)(1), renumbered section 2311 of this title as this section.

Subsecs. (b), (c). Pub. L. 116–283, §1807(d)(2)(A), (B), transferred subsecs. (b) and (c) of this section to sections 3066 and 3067 of this title, respectively.

2019—Subsec. (c)(1), (2)(B). Pub. L. 116–92 substituted "Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment" for "Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics".

2001—Subsec. (c)(1), (2)(B). Pub. L. 107–107 substituted "Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics" for "Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Technology".

1994—Pub. L. 103–355 substituted "Assignment and delegation of procurement functions and responsibilities" for "Delegation" as section catchline and amended text generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "Except as provided in section 2304(d)(2) of this title, the head of an agency may delegate, subject to his direction, to any other officer or official of that agency, any power under this chapter."

1984—Pub. L. 98–577 struck out "(a)" before "Except as provided in" and struck out subsec. (b) which related to delegation of authority by heads of procuring activities of agencies of certain functions.

Pub. L. 98–525 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a) and added subsec. (b).

Pub. L. 98–369 inserted provision relating to the exception provided in section 2304(d)(2) of this title and struck out provision that the power to make determinations and decisions under cls. (11)–(16) of section 2304(a) of this title could not be delegated, but that the power to make a determination or decision under section 2304(a)(11) of this title could be delegated to any other officer of official of that agency who was responsible for procurement, and only for contracts requiring the expenditure of not more than $5,000,000.

1981—Pub. L. 97–86 struck out in first sentence cl. (1) designation and cl. (2) relating to authorizing of contracts in excess of three years under section 2306(g) of this title, and in second sentence substituted "$5,000,000" for "$100,000".

1968—Pub. L. 90–378 designated provisions after "the power to make determinations and decisions" as cl. (1) and added cl. (2).

1962—Pub. L. 87–653 substituted "delegated to any other officer" for "delegated only to a chief officer" and "$100,000" for "$25,000".

1958—Pub. L. 85–800 struck out ", or section 2307(a)" after "of section 2304(a)" in first sentence.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2021 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 116–283 effective Jan. 1, 2022, with additional provisions for delayed implementation and applicability of existing law, see section 1801(d) of Pub. L. 116–283, set out as a note preceding section 3001 of this title.

Effective Date of 1994 Amendment

For effective date and applicability of amendment by Pub. L. 103–355, see section 10001 of Pub. L. 103–355, set out as a note under section 8752 of this title.

Effective Date of 1984 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 98–369 applicable with respect to any solicitation for bids or proposals issued after Mar. 31, 1985, see section 2751 of Pub. L. 98–369, set out as a note under section 4751 of this title.

Effective Date of 1962 Amendment

Pub. L. 87–653, §1(h), Sept. 10, 1962, 76 Stat. 529, provided that: "The amendments made by this Act [amending this section and sections 2304, 2306, and 2310 (now 4751) of this title] shall take effect on the first day of the third calendar month which begins after the date of enactment of this Act [Sept. 10, 1962]."

§3066. Assignment and delegation of procurement functions and responsibilities: procurements for or with other agencies

Subject to section 3065 of this title, to facilitate the procurement of property and services covered by any provision of this part that is a chapter 137 legacy provision by each agency named in section 3063 of this title for any other agency, and to facilitate joint procurement by those agencies—

(1) the head of an agency may delegate functions and assign responsibilities relating to procurement to any officer or employee within such agency;

(2) the heads of two or more agencies may by agreement delegate procurement functions and assign procurement responsibilities from one agency to another of those agencies or to an officer or civilian employee of another of those agencies; and

(3) the heads of two or more agencies may create joint or combined offices to exercise procurement functions and responsibilities.

(Added and amended Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XVIII, §1807(d)(2)(A), (D), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4158.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

The text of subsec. (b) of section 2311 of this title, which was transferred first to section 3065(b) of this title and then to this section and amended by Pub. L. 116–283, §1807(d)(1), (2)(A), (D), was based on Pub. L. 103–355, title I, §1503(a)(1), Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3296.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 3066, acts Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 167; Sept. 2, 1958, Pub. L. 85–861, §33(a)(19), 72 Stat. 1565, authorized President, by and with consent of Senate, to make temporary appointments in grades of general and lieutenant general from officers of Army on active duty in any grade above brigadier general and specified number of positions in each such grade, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 96–513, title II, §201, title VII, §701, Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2878, 2955, effective Sept. 15, 1981. See section 601 of this title.

Amendments

2021—Pub. L. 116–283, §1807(d)(2)(D), transferred subsec. (b) of section 3065 of this title to this section, and, in introductory provisions, struck out subsec. (b) designation and heading "Procurements For or With Other Agencies" at beginning and substituted "Subject to section 3065 of this title" for "Subject to subsection (a)", "covered by any provision of this part that is a chapter 137 legacy provision" for "covered by this chapter", and "section 3063" for "section 2303".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

§3067. Approval required for military department termination or reduction in participation in joint acquisition programs

(a) Approval of Terminations and Reductions of Joint Acquisition Programs.—The Secretary of Defense shall prescribe regulations that prohibit each military department participating in a joint acquisition program approved by the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment from terminating or substantially reducing its participation in such program without the approval of the Under Secretary.

(b) Required Content of Regulations.—The regulations shall include the following provisions:

(1) A requirement that, before any such termination or substantial reduction in participation is approved, the proposed termination or reduction be reviewed by the Joint Requirements Oversight Council of the Department of Defense.

(2) A provision that authorizes the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment to require a military department whose participation in a joint acquisition program has been approved for termination or substantial reduction to continue to provide some or all of the funding necessary for the acquisition program to be continued in an efficient manner.

(Added and amended Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XVIII, §1807(d)(2)(B), (E), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4158.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

The text of subsec. (c) of section 2311 of this title, which was transferred first to section 3065(c) of this title and then to this section and amended by Pub. L. 116–283, §1807(d)(1), (2)(B), (E), was based on Pub. L. 103–355, title I, §1503(a)(1), Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3296; Pub. L. 107–107, div. A, title X, §1048(b)(2), Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1225; Pub. L. 116–92, div. A, title IX, §902(49), Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 1548.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 3067 was renumbered section 7067 of this title.

Amendments

2021—Pub. L. 116–283, §1807(d)(2)(E), redesignated subsec. (c) of section 3065 of this title as subsec. (a) of this section, struck out par. (1) designation before "The Secretary of Defense shall", redesignated par. (2) and its subpars. (A) and (B) as subsec. (b) and pars. (1) and (2), respectively, and inserted subsec. (b) heading.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

§3068. Inapplicability of certain laws

(a) Laws Inapplicable to Agencies Named in Section 3063.—Sections 6101 and 6304 of title 41 do not apply to the procurement or sale of property or services by the agencies named in section 3063 of this title.

(b) Laws Inapplicable to Procurement of Automatic Data Processing Equipment and Services for Certain Defense Purposes.—For purposes of subtitle III of title 40, the term "national security system", with respect to a telecommunications and information system operated by the Department of Defense, has the meaning given that term by section 3552(b)(6) of title 44.

(Added and amended Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XVIII, §1807(e)(1)–(3), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4158, 4159; Pub. L. 117–81, div. A, title XVII, §1701(b)(2)(C), Dec. 27, 2021, 135 Stat. 2132.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

The text of section 2314 of this title, which was transferred to this section, designated as subsec. (a), and amended by Pub. L. 116–283, §1807(e)(2), was based on act Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 133; Pub. L. 96–513, title V, §511(78), Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2927; Pub. L. 103–160, div. A, title VIII, §822(b)(2), Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1706; Pub. L. 111–350, §5(b)(16), Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 3843; Pub. L. 113–291, div. A, title X, §1071(a)(4), Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3504.

The text of section 2315 of this title, which was transferred to this section, designated as subsec. (b), and amended by Pub. L. 116–283, §1807(e)(3), was based on Pub. L. 97–86, title IX, §908(a)(1), Dec. 1, 1981, 95 Stat. 1117; amended Pub. L. 97–295, §1(25), Oct. 12, 1982, 96 Stat. 1291; Pub. L. 104–106, div. E, title LVI, §5601(c), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 699; Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title X, §1074(b)(4)(B), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2660; Pub. L. 105–85, div. A, title X, §1073(a)(49), Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 1903; Pub. L. 107–217, §3(b)(5), Aug. 21, 2002, 116 Stat. 1295; Pub. L. 109–364, div. A, title IX, §906(c), Oct. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2354; Pub. L. 113–283, §2(e)(5)(C), Dec. 18, 2014, 128 Stat. 3087; Pub. L. 114–92, div. A, title X, §1081(a)(7), Nov. 25, 2015, 129 Stat. 1001.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 3068 was renumbered section 7068 of this title.

Another prior section 3068, acts Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 168; Sept. 7, 1962, Pub. L. 87–649, §6(a)(1), 76 Stat. 494, contained substantially the same provisions as section 7068, which formerly was numbered as section 3068, but placed the upper limit for the rank of officers of the Medical Service Corps at colonel, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 89–603.

Amendments

2021—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 116–283, §1807(e)(2), as amended by Pub. L. 117–81, §1701(b)(2)(C)(i), transferred text of section 2314 of this title to this section, designated it as subsec. (a), inserted heading, and substituted "section 3063" for "section 2303".

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 116–283, §1807(e)(3), as amended by Pub. L. 117–81, §1701(b)(2)(C)(ii), transferred text of section 2315 of this title to this section, designated it as subsec. (b), and inserted heading.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2021 Amendment

Effective Date

§3069. Buy-to-budget acquisition: end items

(a) Authority To Acquire Additional End Items.—Using funds available to the Department of Defense for the acquisition of an end item, the head of an agency making the acquisition may acquire a higher quantity of the end item than the quantity specified for the end item in a law providing for the funding of that acquisition if that head of an agency makes each of the following findings:

(1) The agency has an established requirement for the end item that is expected to remain substantially unchanged throughout the period of the acquisition.

(2) It is possible to acquire the higher quantity of the end item without additional funding because of production efficiencies or other cost reductions.

(3) The amount of the funds used for the acquisition of the higher quantity of the end item will not exceed the amount provided under that law for the acquisition of the end item.

(4) The amount so provided is sufficient to ensure that each unit of the end item acquired within the higher quantity is fully funded as a complete end item.

(b) Regulations.—The Secretary of Defense shall prescribe regulations for the administration of this section. The regulations shall include, at a minimum, the following:

(1) The level of approval within the Department of Defense that is required for a decision to acquire a higher quantity of an end item under subsection (a).

(2) Authority (subject to subsection (a)) to acquire up to 10 percent more than the quantity of an end item approved in a justification and approval of the use of procedures other than competitive procedures for the acquisition of the end item under sections 3201 through 3205 of this title.

(c) Notification of Congress.—(1) The head of an agency is not required to notify Congress in advance regarding a decision under the authority of this section to acquire a higher quantity of an end item than is specified in a law described in subsection (a), but, except as provided in paragraph (2), shall notify the congressional defense committees of the decision not later than 30 days after the date of the decision.

(2) A notification is not required under paragraph (1) if the end item being acquired in a higher quantity is an end item under a tactical missile program or a munitions program.

(d) Waiver by Other Law.—A provision of law may not be construed as prohibiting the acquisition of a higher quantity of an end item under this section unless that provision of law—

(1) specifically refers to this section; and

(2) specifically states that the acquisition of the higher quantity of the end item is prohibited notwithstanding the authority provided in this section.

(e) Definitions.—(1) For the purposes of this section, a quantity of an end item shall be considered specified in a law if the quantity is specified either in a provision of that law or in any related representation that is set forth separately in a table, chart, or explanatory text included in a joint explanatory statement or governing committee report accompanying the law.

(2) In this section:

(A) The term "end item" means a production product assembled, completed, and ready for issue or deployment.

(B) The term "head of an agency" means the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of the Army, the Secretary of the Navy, and the Secretary of the Air Force.

(Added Pub. L. 107–314, div. A, title VIII, §801(a)(1), Dec. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 2600, §2308; amended Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title X, §1043(b)(11), Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1611; Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title VIII, §852, Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2296; renumbered §3069 and amended Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XVIII, §1807(f), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4159.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 3069 was renumbered section 7069 of this title.

Amendments

2021—Pub. L. 116–283 renumbered section 2308 of this title as this section.

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 116–283 substituted "sections 3201 through 3205" for "section 2304".

2016—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 114–328 designated existing provisions as par. (1), inserted ", except as provided in paragraph (2)," after "but", and added par. (2).

2003—Subsec. (e)(2). Pub. L. 108–136 redesignated subpars. (B) and (C) as (A) and (B), respectively, and struck out former subpar. (A) which read as follows: "The term 'congressional defense committees' means—

"(i) the Committee on Armed Services and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate; and

"(ii) the Committee on Armed Services and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives."

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2021 Amendment

§3070. Limitation on acquisition of excess supplies

(a) Two-Year Supply.—The Secretary of Defense may not incur any obligation against a stock fund of the Department of Defense for the acquisition of any item of supply if that acquisition is likely to result in an on-hand inventory (excluding war reserves) of that item of supply in excess of two years of operating stocks.

(b) Exceptions.—The head of a procuring activity may authorize the acquisition of an item of supply in excess of the limitation contained in subsection (a) if that activity head determines in writing—

(1) that the acquisition is necessary to achieve an economical order quantity and will not result in an on-hand inventory (excluding war reserves) in excess of three years of operating stocks and that the need for the item is unlikely to decline during the period for which the acquisition is made; or

(2) that the acquisition is necessary for purposes of maintaining the industrial base or for other reasons of national security.

(Added Pub. L. 102–190, div. A, title III, §317(a), Dec. 5, 1991, 105 Stat. 1338, §2213; renumbered §3070, Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XVIII, §1807(g)(1), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4159.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 3070 was renumbered section 7070 of this title.

A prior section 3071, acts Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 169; Sept. 7, 1962, Pub. L. 87–649, §6(a)(2), (3), 76 Stat. 494; Nov. 8, 1967, Pub. L. 90–130, §1(8)(C), 81 Stat. 374, prescribed composition of Women's Army Corps and provided for a Director, a Deputy Director, and other positions for Women's Army Corps, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 95–485, title VIII, §820(b), Oct. 20, 1978, 92 Stat. 1627.

Amendments

2021—Pub. L. 116–283 renumbered section 2213 of this title as this section.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2021 Amendment

§3072. Comptroller General assessment of acquisition programs and efforts

(a) Assessment Required.—The Comptroller General of the United States shall submit to the congressional defense committees an annual assessment of selected acquisition programs and efforts of the Department of Defense by March 30th of each year from 2020 through 2026.

(b) Analyses To Be Included.—The assessment required under subsection (a) shall include—

(1) a macro analysis of how well acquisition programs and efforts are performing and reasons for that performance;

(2) a discussion of selected organizational, policy, and legislative changes, as determined appropriate by the Comptroller General, and the potential implications for execution and oversight of programs and efforts; and

(3) specific analyses of individual acquisition programs and efforts.

(c) Acquisition Programs and Efforts to Be Considered.—The assessment required under subsection (a) shall consider the following programs and efforts:

(1) Selected weapon systems, as determined appropriate by the Comptroller General.

(2) Selected information technology systems and efforts, including defense business systems, networks, and software-intensive systems, as determined appropriate by the Comptroller General.

(3) Selected prototyping and rapid fielding activities and efforts, as determined appropriate by the Comptroller General.

(Added Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title VIII, §833(a), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 1858, §2229b; renumbered §3072 and amended Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title VIII, §813, title XVIII, §1807(g)(1), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 3749, 4159; Pub. L. 117–263, div. A, title VIII, §812(a), Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 2706.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

Prior sections 3072 to 3075 were renumbered sections 7072 to 7075 of this title, respectively.

Prior sections 3076 to 3080 were repealed by Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, §§1661(a)(3)(A), 1691, Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2980, 3026, effective Dec. 1, 1994, except as otherwise provided.

Section 3076, act Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 170, related to composition of Army Reserve. See section 10104 of this title.

Section 3077, act Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 170, related to composition of Army National Guard of United States. See section 10105 of this title.

Section 3078, act Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 171, provided that Army National Guard is a component of Army while in service of United States. See section 10106 of this title.

Section 3079, act Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 171, related to status of Army National Guard of United States when not in Federal service. See section 10107 of this title.

Section 3080, added Pub. L. 86–603, §1(2)(A), July 7, 1960, 74 Stat. 357, related to authority of officers of Army National Guard of United States with respect to Federal status. See section 10215 of this title.

Prior sections 3081, 3082, 3083, and 3084 were renumbered sections 7081, 10542, 7083, and 7084 of this title, respectively.

Amendments

2022—Pub. L. 117–263, §812(a)(1), (2), substituted "efforts" for "initiatives" in section catchline and wherever appearing in text.

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 117–263, §812(a)(3), substituted "through 2026" for "through 2023".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 117–263, §812(a)(4), substituted "Efforts" for "Initiatives" in heading.

2021—Pub. L. 116–283, §1807(g)(1), renumbered section 2229b of this title as this section.

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 116–283, §813, substituted "a discussion of selected organizational, policy, and legislative changes, as determined appropriate by the Comptroller General, and the potential" for "a summary of organizational and legislative changes and emerging assessment methodologies since the last assessment, and a discussion of the".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2021 Amendment

Amendment by section 1807(g)(1) of Pub. L. 116–283 effective Jan. 1, 2022, with additional provisions for delayed implementation and applicability of existing law, see section 1801(d) of Pub. L. 116–283, set out as a note preceding section 3001 of this title.

CHAPTER 205—DEFENSE ACQUISITION SYSTEM

Sec.

3101.

Definitions.

3102.

Customer-oriented acquisition system.

3103.

Civilian management of the defense acquisition system.

3104.

Acquisition-related functions of chiefs of the armed forces.

3105.

Elements of the defense acquisition system: performance assessments.

3106.

Elements of the defense acquisition system: performance goals.

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior chapter 205 "DEFENSE ACQUISITION SYSTEM", as added by Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title VIII, §801(a), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 1826, and consisting of reserved section 3051, was repealed by Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XVIII, §1808(a)(1), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4159.

Amendments

2023—Pub. L. 118–31, div. A, title XVIII, §1801(a)(25), Dec. 22, 2023, 137 Stat. 684, inserted period at end of item 3106.

2021—Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XVIII, §§1808(a)(1), (3)(B), (c)(3), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4159, 4160, transferred chapter 149 of this title to this chapter, renumbered items 2545, 2546, 2546a, 2547, and 2548 as 3101, 3103, 3102, 3104, and 3105, respectively, moved item 3102 so as to follow item 3101, added items 3105 and 3106, and struck out former item 3105 (as renumbered from 2548) "Performance assessments of the defense acquisition system".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Modernizing the Department of Defense Requirements Process

Pub. L. 118–31, div. A, title VIII, §811, Dec. 22, 2023, 137 Stat. 321, provided that:

"(a) Modernizing the Department of Defense Requirements Process.—Not later than October 1, 2025, the Secretary of Defense, acting through the Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, in coordination with the Secretaries of the military departments and the commanders of the combatant commands, and in consultation with the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment, shall develop and implement a streamlined requirements development process for the Department of Defense, to include revising the Joint Capabilities Integration and Development System, in order to improve alignment between modern warfare concepts, technologies, and system development and reduce the time to deliver needed capabilities to warfighters.

"(b) Reform Elements.—The process required by subsection (a) shall—

"(1) streamline requirements documents, reviews, and approval processes, focusing on programs below the major defense acquisition program threshold described in section 4201 of title 10, United States Code;

"(2) revise requirements management practices using a clean-sheet approach that avoids prescriptive language, is based on mission outcomes and assessed threats, enables a more iterative and collaborative approach with the Armed Forces, maximizes the use of commercial products or commercial services in accordance with section 3453 of title 10, United States Code, and allows for a broader range of new or alternative technological opportunities to be incorporated without the requirement being validated again;

"(3) develop a capability needs and requirements framework and pathways that are aligned to the pathways of the adaptive acquisition framework (as described in Department of Defense Instruction 5000.02, 'Operation of the Adaptive Acquisition Framework'), and better aligned and integrated with the science and technology development processes of the Department;

"(4) provide continuity to the acquisition and research programs of the military departments by enabling the military departments to develop, with respect to collections of capabilities grouped by function by the Department of Defense, sets of requirements that are designed to remain applicable to programs and systems relating to such capabilities over substantial periods of time;

"(5) require the military departments to—

"(A) articulate in a concise model and document with a set of mission impact measures the sets of requirements developed under paragraph (4); and

"(B) seek to continuously improve the capabilities subject to such sets of requirements the acquisition of additional capabilities;

"(6) establish a process to rapidly validate the ability of commercial products and services to meet capability needs or opportunities;

"(7) retire and replace the Department of Defense Architecture Framework with a new structure focused on enabling interoperability through application program interfaces, enterprise architectures and platforms, and government and commercial standards; and

"(8) ensure that requirements processes for software, artificial intelligence, data, and related capability areas enable a more rapid, dynamic, and iterative approach than the requirements processes for traditional hardware systems.

"(c) Elements.—With respect to the implementation of the process required by subsection (a), the Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff shall—

"(1) collaborate with industry partners, contractors of the Department and nontraditional defense contractors (as defined in section 3014 of title 10, United States Code), and Department of Defense science and technology reinvention laboratories (as designated under section 4121(b) of title 10, United States Code) regarding the development of the streamlined requirements development process under subsection (a) to ensure such process effectively uses the innovation ecosystem (as defined in section 236(g) of the James M. Inhofe National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023 [Pub. L. 117–263] (10 U.S.C. 4001 note));

"(2) develop a formal career path, training, and structure for requirements managers; and

"(3) publish new policies, guidance, and templates for the operational, requirements, and acquisition workforces online in digital formats.

"(d) Interim Report.—Not later than October 1, 2024, the Secretary of Defense shall submit to the congressional defense committees [Committees on Armed Services and Appropriations of the Senate and the House of Representatives] a report on the development and implementation of the process required by subsection (a), including—

"(1) a description of the efforts to develop and implement the streamlined requirements development process under subsection (a);

"(2) the plans of the Department of Defense to implement, communicate, and continuously improve the requirements development process required by subsection (a); and

"(3) any additional recommendations for legislation that the Secretary determines appropriate.

"(e) Final Report.—Not later than October 1, 2025, the Secretary of Defense shall submit to the congressional defense committees a report describing activities carried out pursuant to this section."

Digital Modernization of Analytical and Decision-Support Processes for Managing and Overseeing Department of Defense Acquisition Programs

Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title VIII, §836, Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 3756, provided that:

"(a) Digital Data Management and Analytics Capabilities.—

"(1) In general.—The Secretary of Defense shall iteratively develop and integrate advanced digital data management and analytics capabilities, consistent with private sector best practices, that—

"(A) integrate all aspects of the defense acquisition system, including the development of capability requirements, research, design, development, testing, evaluation, acquisition, management, operations, and sustainment of systems;

"(B) facilitate the management and analysis of all relevant data generated during the development of capability requirements, research, design, development, testing, evaluation, acquisition, operations, and sustainment of systems;

"(C) enable the use of such data to inform further development, acquisition, management and oversight of such systems, including portfolio management; and

"(D) include software capabilities to collect, transport, organize, manage, make available, and analyze relevant data throughout the life cycle of defense acquisition programs, including any data needed to support individual and portfolio management of acquisition programs.

"(2) Requirements.—The capabilities developed under paragraph (1) shall—

"(A) be accessible to, and useable by, individuals throughout the Department of Defense who have responsibilities relating to activities described in clauses (A) through (C) of paragraph (1);

"(B) enable the development, use, curation, and maintenance of original form and real-time digital systems by—

"(i) ensuring shared access to data within the Department;

"(ii) supplying data to digital engineering models for use in the defense acquisition, sustainment, and portfolio management processes; and

"(iii) supplying data to testing infrastructure and software to support automated approaches for testing, evaluation, and deployment throughout the defense acquisition, sustainment, and portfolio management processes; and

"(C) feature—

"(i) improved data management and sharing processes;

"(ii) timely, high-quality, transparent, and actionable analyses; and

"(iii) analytical models and simulations.

"(3) Enabling data infrastructure, tools, and processes.—In developing the capability required under paragraph (1), the Secretary of Defense shall—

"(A) move supporting processes and the data associated with such processes from analog to digital format, including planning and reporting processes;

"(B) make new and legacy data more accessible to, and usable by, appropriate employees and contractors (at any tier) of the Department of Defense and members of the Armed Forces, including through migration of program and other documentation into digital formats;

"(C) modernize the query, collection, storage, retrieval, reporting, and analysis capabilities for stakeholders within the Department, including research entities, Program Management Offices, analytic organizations, oversight staff, and decision makers;

"(D) automate data collection and storage to minimize or eliminate manual data entry or manual reporting;

"(E) enable employees and other appropriate users to access data from all relevant data sources, including through—

"(i) streamlining data access privileges;

"(ii) sharing of appropriate data between and among Federal Government and contractor information systems; and

"(iii) enabling timely and continuous data collection and sharing from all appropriate personnel, including contractors;

"(F) modernize existing enterprise information systems to enable interoperability consistent with technical best practices; and

"(G) provide capabilities and platforms to enable continuous development and integration of software using public and private sector best practices.

"(b) Portfolio Management.—The Secretary of Defense shall establish capabilities for robust, effective, and data-driven portfolio management described in subsection (a)(1)(C), using the capability established in this section, to improve the Department of Defense-wide assessment, management, and optimization of the investments in weapon systems of the Department, including through consolidation of duplicate or similar weapon system programs.

"(c) Demonstration Activities.—

"(1) In general.—The Secretary of Defense shall carry out activities to demonstrate the capability required under subsection (a).

"(2) Activity selection.—Not later than July 15, 2021, the Secretary of Defense shall select decision support processes and individual acquisition programs to participate in the demonstration activities under paragraph (1), including—

"(A) decision support processes, including—

"(i) portfolio management as described in subsection (b);

"(ii) one or more acquisition data management test cases; and

"(iii) one or more development and test modeling and simulation test cases to demonstrate the ability to collect data from tests and operations in the field, and feed the data back into models and simulations for better software development and testing;

"(B) individual acquisition programs representing—

"(i) one or more defense business systems;

"(ii) one or more command and control systems;

"(iii) one or more middle tier of acquisition programs;

"(iv) programs featuring a cost-plus contract type, and a fixed-price contract type, and a transaction authorized under section 2371 [now 10 U.S.C. 4021] or 2371b [now 10 U.S.C. 4022] of title 10, United States Code; and

"(v) at least one program in each military department.

"(3) Execution of demonstration activities.—As part of the demonstration activities under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall—

"(A) conduct a comparative analysis that assesses the risks and benefits of the digital management and analytics capability used in each of the programs participating in the demonstration activities relative to the traditional data collection, reporting, exposing, and analysis approaches of the Department;

"(B) ensure that the intellectual property strategy for each of the programs participating in the demonstration activities is best aligned to meet the goals of the program; and

"(C) develop a workforce and infrastructure plan to support any new policies and guidance implemented in connection with the demonstration activities, including any policies and guidance implemented after the completion of such activities.

"(d) Policies and Guidance Required.—Not later than March 15, 2022, based on the results of the demonstration activities carried out under subsection (c), the Secretary of Defense shall issue or modify policies and guidance to—

"(1) promote the use of digital data management and analytics capabilities; and

"(2) address roles, responsibilities, and procedures relating to such capabilities.

"(e) Steering Committee.—

"(1) In general.—The Secretary of Defense shall establish a steering committee to assist the Secretary in carrying out subsections (a) through (c).

"(2) Membership.—The steering committee shall be composed of the following members or their designees:

"(A) The Deputy Secretary of Defense.

"(B) The Chief Information Officer.

"(C) The Director of Cost Assessment and Program Evaluation.

"(D) The Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering.

"(E) The Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment.

"(F) The Director of Operational Test and Evaluation.

"(G) The Service Acquisition Executives.

"(H) The Director for Force Structure, Resources, and Assessment of the Joint Staff.

"(I) The Director of the Defense Digital Service.

"(J) Such other officials of the Department of Defense as the Secretary determines appropriate.

"(f) Independent Assessments.—

"(1) Initial assessment.—

"(A) In general.—The Defense Innovation Board, in consultation with the Defense Digital Service, shall conduct an independent assessment and cost-benefits analysis to identify recommended approaches for the implementation of subsections (a) through (c).

"(B) Elements.—The assessment under subparagraph (A) shall include the following:

"(i) A plan for the development and implementation of the capabilities required under subsection (a), including a plan for any procurement that may be required as part of such development and implementation.

"(ii) An independent cost assessment of the total estimated cost of developing and implementing the capability, as well as an assessment of any potential cost savings.

"(iii) An independent estimate of the schedule for the development approach, and order of priorities for implementation of the capability, including a reasonable estimate of the dates on which the capability can be expected to achieve initial operational capability and full operational capability, respectively.

"(iv) A recommendation identifying the office or other organization of the Department of Defense that would be most appropriate to manage and execute the capability.

"(C) Report.—Not later than July 15, 2021, the Defense Innovation Board, in consultation with the Defense Digital Service, shall submit to the Secretary of Defense and the congressional defense committees [Committees on Armed Services and Appropriations of the Senate and the House of Representatives] a report on the findings of the assessment under subparagraph (A), including the findings of the assessment with respect to each element specified in subparagraph (B).

"(2) Second assessment.—

"(A) In general.—Not later than March 15, 2023, the Defense Innovation Board and the Defense Science Board shall jointly complete an independent assessment of the progress of the Secretary in implementing subsections (a) through (c). The Secretary of Defense shall ensure that the Defense Innovation Board and the Defense Science Board have access to the resources, data, and information necessary to complete the assessment.

"(B) Information to congress.—Not later than 30 days after the date on which the assessment under subparagraph (A) is completed, the Defense Innovation Board and the Defense Science Board shall jointly provide to the congressional defense committees—

"(i) a report summarizing the assessment; and

"(ii) a briefing on the findings of the assessment.

"(g) Demonstrations and Briefing.—

"(1) Demonstration of implementation.—Not later than October 20, 2021, the Secretary of Defense shall submit to the congressional defense committees a demonstration and briefing on the progress of the Secretary in implementing subsections (a) through (c). The briefing shall include an explanation of how the results of the demonstration activities carried out under subsection (c) will be incorporated into the policy and guidance required under subsection (d), particularly the policy and guidance of the members of the steering committee established under subsection (e).

"(2) Briefing on legislative recommendations.—Not later than February 1, 2022, the Secretary of Defense shall submit to the Committees on Armed Services of the Senate and of the House of Representatives a briefing that identifies any changes to existing law that may be necessary to facilitate the implementation of subsections (a) through (c).

"(3) Demonstration of portfolio management.—In conjunction with the budget of the President for fiscal year 2023 (as submitted to Congress under section 1105(a) of title 21 [probably should be title "31"], United States Code), the Deputy Secretary of Defense shall schedule a demonstration of the portfolio management capability developed under subsection (b) with the congressional defense committees."

Prototype Projects To Digitize Defense Acquisition Regulations, Policies, and Guidance, and Empower User Tailoring of Acquisition Process

Pub. L. 115–91, div. A, title VIII, §868, Dec. 12, 2017, 131 Stat. 1495, provided that:

"(a) In General.—The Secretary of Defense, acting through the Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering, shall conduct development efforts to develop prototypes to digitize defense acquisition regulations, policies, and guidance and to develop a digital decision support tool that facilitates the ability of users to tailor programs in accordance with existing laws, regulations, and guidance.

"(b) Elements.—Under the prototype projects, the Secretary shall—

"(1) convert existing acquisition policies, guides, memos, templates, and reports to an online, interactive digital format to create a dynamic, integrated, and authoritative knowledge environment for purposes of assisting program managers and the acquisition workforce of the Department of Defense to navigate the complex lifecycle for each major type of acquisition program or activity of the Department;

"(2) as part of this digital environment, create a digital decision support capability that uses decision trees and tailored acquisition models to assist users to develop strategies and facilitate coordination and approvals; and

"(3) as part of this environment, establish a foundational data layer to enable advanced data analytics on the acquisition enterprise of the Department, to include business process reengineering to improve productivity.

"(c) Use of Prototypes in Acquisition Activities.—The Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering shall encourage the use of these prototypes to model, develop, and test any procedures, policies, instructions, or other forms of direction and guidance that may be required to support acquisition training, practices, and policies of the Department of Defense.

"(d) Funding.—The Secretary may use the authority under section 1705(e)(4)(B) of title 10, United States Code, to develop acquisition support prototypes and tools under this program."

Software Development Pilot Program Using Agile Best Practices

Pub. L. 115–91, div. A, title VIII, §874, Dec. 12, 2017, 131 Stat. 1500, provided that:

"(a) In General.—Not later than 30 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 12, 2017], the Secretary of Defense shall identify no fewer than four and up to eight software development activities within the Department of Defense or military departments to be developed in a pilot program using agile acquisition methods.

"(b) Streamlined Processes.—Software development activities identified under subsection (a) shall be selected for the pilot program and developed without incorporation of the following contract or transaction requirements:

"(1) Earned value management (EVM) or EVM-like reporting.

"(2) Development of integrated master schedule.

"(3) Development of integrated master plan.

"(4) Development of technical requirement document.

"(5) Development of systems requirement documents.

"(6) Use of information technology infrastructure library agreements.

"(7) Use of software development life cycle (methodology).

"(c) Roles and Responsibilities.—

"(1) In general.—Selected activities shall include the following roles and responsibilities:

"(A) A program manager that is authorized to make all programmatic decisions within the overarching activity objectives, including resources, funding, personnel, and contract or transaction termination recommendations.

"(B) A product owner that reports directly to the program manager and is responsible for the overall design of the product, prioritization of roadmap elements and interpretation of their acceptance criteria, and prioritization of the list of all features desired in the product.

"(C) An engineering lead that reports directly to the program manager and is responsible for the implementation and operation of the software.

"(D) A design lead that reports directly to the program manager and is responsible for identifying, communicating, and visualizing user needs through a human-centered design process.

"(2) Qualifications.—The Secretary shall establish qualifications for personnel filling the positions described in paragraph (1) prior to their selection. The qualifications may not include a positive education requirement and must be based on technical expertise or experience in delivery of software products, including agile concepts.

"(3) Coordination plan for testing and certification organizations.—The program manager shall ensure the availability of resources for test and certification organizations support of iterative development processes.

"(d) Plan.—The Secretary of Defense shall develop a plan for each selected activity under the pilot program. The plan shall include the following elements:

"(1) Definition of a product vision, identifying a succinct, clearly defined need the software will address.

"(2) Definition of a product road map, outlining a noncontractual plan that identifies short-term and long-term product goals and specific technology solutions to help meet those goals and adjusts to mission and user needs at the product owner's discretion.

"(3) The use of a broad agency announcement, other transaction authority, or other rapid merit-based solicitation procedure.

"(4) Identification of, and continuous engagement with, end users.

"(5) Frequent and iterative end user validation of features and usability consistent with the principles outlined in the Digital Services Playbook of the U.S. Digital Service.

"(6) Use of commercial best practices for advanced computing systems, including, where applicable—

"(A) Automated testing, integration, and deployment;

"(B) compliance with applicable commercial accessibility standards;

"(C) capability to support modern versions of multiple, common web browsers;

"(D) capability to be viewable across commonly used end user devices, including mobile devices; and

"(E) built-in application monitoring.

"(e) Program Schedule.—The Secretary shall ensure that each selected activity includes—

"(1) award processes that take no longer than three months after a requirement is identified;

"(2) planned frequent and iterative end user validation of implemented features and their usability;

"(3) delivery of a functional prototype or minimally viable product in three months or less from award; and

"(4) follow-on delivery of iterative development cycles no longer than four weeks apart, including security testing and configuration management as applicable.

"(f) Oversight Metrics.—The Secretary shall ensure that the selected activities—

"(1) use a modern tracking tool to execute requirements backlog tracking; and

"(2) use agile development metrics that, at a minimum, track—

"(A) pace of work accomplishment;

"(B) completeness of scope of testing activities (such as code coverage, fault tolerance, and boundary testing);

"(C) product quality attributes (such as major and minor defects and measures of key performance attributes and quality attributes);

"(D) delivery progress relative to the current product roadmap; and

"(E) goals for each iteration.

"(g) Restrictions.—

"(1) Use of funds.—No funds made available for the selected activities may be expended on estimation or evaluation using source lines of code methodologies.

"(2) Contract types.—The Secretary of Defense may not use lowest price technically acceptable contracting methods or cost plus contracts to carry out selected activities under this section, and shall encourage the use of existing streamlined and flexible contracting arrangements.

"(h) Reports.—

"(1) Software development activity commencement.—

"(A) In general.—Not later than 30 days before the commencement of a software development activity under the pilot program under subsection (a), the Secretary shall submit to the congressional defense committees [Committees on Armed Services and Appropriations of the Senate and the House of Representatives] a report on the activity (in this subsection referred to as a 'pilot activity').

"(B) Elements.—The report on a pilot activity under this paragraph shall set forth a description of the pilot activity, including the following information:

"(i) The purpose of the pilot activity.

"(ii) The duration of the pilot activity.

"(iii) The efficiencies and benefits anticipated to accrue to the Government under the pilot program.

"(2) Software development activity completion.—

"(A) In general.—Not later than 60 days after the completion of a pilot activity, the Secretary shall submit to the congressional defense committees a report on the pilot activity.

"(B) Elements.—The report on a pilot activity under this paragraph shall include the following elements:

"(i) A description of results of the pilot activity.

"(ii) Such recommendations for legislative or administrative action as the Secretary considers appropriate in light of the pilot activity.

"(i) Definitions.—In this section:

"(1) Agile acquisition.—The term 'agile acquisition' means acquisition using agile or iterative development.

"(2) Agile or iterative development.—The term 'agile or iterative development', with respect to software—

"(A) means acquisition pursuant to a method for delivering multiple, rapid, incremental capabilities to the user for operational use, evaluation, and feedback not exclusively linked to any single, proprietary method or process; and

"(B) involves—

"(i) the incremental development and fielding of capabilities, commonly called 'spirals', 'spins', or 'sprints', which can be measured in a few weeks or months; and

"(ii) continuous participation and collaboration by users, testers, and requirements authorities."

Establishment of Set of Activities That Use Data Analysis, Measurement, and Other Evaluation-Related Methods To Improve Acquisition Program Outcomes

Pub. L. 115–91, div. A, title IX, §913, Dec. 12, 2017, 131 Stat. 1523, as amended by Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title X, §1081(c)(2), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 1985, provided that:

"(a) Establishment Required.—Not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 12, 2017], the Secretary of Defense shall establish a set of activities that use data analysis, measurement, and other evaluation-related methods to improve the acquisition outcomes of the Department of Defense and enhance organizational learning.

"(b) Types of Activities.—The set of activities established under subsection (a) may include any or all of the following:

"(1) Establishment of data analytics capabilities and organizations within an Armed Force.

"(2) Development of capabilities in Department of Defense laboratories, test centers, and federally funded research and development centers to provide technical support for data analytics activities that support acquisition program management and business process re-engineering activities.

"(3) Increased use of existing analytical capabilities available to acquisition programs and offices to support improved acquisition outcomes.

"(4) Funding of intramural and extramural research and development activities to develop and implement data analytics capabilities in support of improved acquisition outcomes.

"(5) Publication, to the maximum extent practicable, and in a manner that protects classified and proprietary information, of data collected by the Department of Defense related to acquisition program costs and activities for access and analyses by the general public or Department research and education organizations.

"(6) Promulgation by the Chief of Staff of the Army, the Chief of Naval Operations, the Chief of Staff of the Air Force, and the Commandant of the Marine Corps, in coordination with the Deputy Secretary of Defense, the Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering, and the Under Secretary for Acquisition and Sustainment, of a consistent policy as to the role of data analytics in establishing budgets and making milestone decisions for major defense acquisition programs.

"(7) Continual assessment, in consultation with the private sector, of the efficiency of current data collection and analyses processes, so as to minimize the requirement for collection and delivery of data by, from, and to Government organizations.

"(8) Promulgation of guidance to acquisition programs and activities on the efficient use, quality, and sharing of enterprise data between programs and organizations to improve acquisition program analytics and outcomes.

"(9) Establishment of focused research and educational activities at the Defense Acquisition University, and appropriate private sector academic institutions, to support enhanced use of data management, data analytics, and other evaluation-related methods to improve acquisition outcomes."

[Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title X, §1081(c), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 1985, provided that the amendment made by section 1081(c)(2) to section 913 of Pub. L. 115–91, set out above, is effective as of Dec. 12, 2017, and as if included in Pub. L. 115–91 as enacted.]

Review of Time-Based Requirements Process and Budgeting and Acquisition Systems

Pub. L. 114–92, div. A, title VIII, §810, Nov. 25, 2015, 129 Stat. 890, provided that:

"(a) Time-based Requirements Process.—The Secretary of Defense and the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff shall review the requirements process with the goal of establishing an agile and streamlined system that develops requirements that provide stability and foundational direction for acquisition programs and shall determine the advisability of providing a time-based or phased distinction between capabilities needed to be deployed urgently, within 2 years, within 5 years, and longer than 5 years.

"(b) Budgeting and Acquisition Systems.—The Secretary of Defense shall review and ensure that the acquisition and budgeting systems are structured to meet time-based or phased requirements in a manner that is predictable, cost effective, and efficient and takes advantage of emerging technological developments."

§3101. Definitions

In this chapter, the term "acquisition" has the meaning provided in section 131 of title 41.

(Added Pub. L. 111–383, div. A, title VIII, §861(a), Jan. 7, 2011, 124 Stat. 4288, §2545; amended Pub. L. 113–291, div. A, title X, §1071(a)(11), Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3505; renumbered §3101 and amended Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XVIII, §1808(a)(2), (b)(1), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4159, 4160.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section 2545 of this title, which was transferred to this section by Pub. L. 116–283, §1808(a)(2), was also transferred or copied in large part to section 3001 of this title by Pub. L. 116–283, §1806(a)(2)–(4).

Amendments

2021—Pub. L. 116–283, §1808(b)(1), substituted "In this chapter, the term" for "In this chapter:", par. (1) designation, and "The term" and struck out pars. (2) to (4) which defined "defense acquisition system", "element of the defense acquisition system", and "acquisition workforce".

Pub. L. 116–283, §1808(a)(2), renumbered section 2545 of this title as this section.

2014—Par. (1). Pub. L. 113–291 substituted "section 131 of title 41" for "section 4(16) of the Office of Federal Procurement Policy Act (41 U.S.C. 403(16))".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2021 Amendment

§3102. Customer-oriented acquisition system

(a) Objective.—It shall be the objective of the defense acquisition system to meet the needs of its customers in the most cost-effective manner practicable. The acquisition policies, directives, and regulations of the Department of Defense shall be modified as necessary to ensure the development and implementation of a customer-oriented acquisition system.

(b) Customer.—The customer of the defense acquisition system is the armed force that will have primary responsibility for fielding the system or systems acquired. The customer is represented with regard to a major defense acquisition program by the Secretary of the military department concerned and the Chief of the armed force concerned.

(c) Role of Customer.—The customer of a major defense acquisition program shall be responsible for balancing resources against priorities on the acquisition program and ensuring that appropriate trade-offs are made among cost, schedule, technical feasibility, and performance on a continuing basis throughout the life of the acquisition program.

(Added Pub. L. 114–92, div. A, title VIII, §802(a)(1), Nov. 25, 2015, 129 Stat. 878, §2546a; renumbered §3102 and amended Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XVIII, §1808(a)(2), (3)(A), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4159.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2021—Pub. L. 116–283 renumbered section 2546a of this title as this section and transferred it so as to appear after section 3101 of this title. Directory language transferring this section "within such section" was executed as if it had read "within such chapter", meaning chapter 205 of this title, to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2021 Amendment

Consideration of Trade-Offs Among Cost, Schedule, and Performance Objectives in Department of Defense Acquisition Programs

Pub. L. 111–23, title II, §201(a), May 22, 2009, 123 Stat. 1719, provided that:

"(1) In general.—The Secretary of Defense shall ensure that mechanisms are developed and implemented to require consideration of trade-offs among cost, schedule, and performance objectives as part of the process for developing requirements for Department of Defense acquisition programs.

"(2) Elements.—The mechanisms required under this subsection shall ensure, at a minimum, that—

"(A) Department of Defense officials responsible for acquisition, budget, and cost estimating functions are provided an appropriate opportunity to develop estimates and raise cost and schedule matters before performance objectives are established for capabilities for which the Chairman of the Joint Requirements Oversight Council is the validation authority; and

"(B) the process for developing requirements is structured to enable incremental, evolutionary, or spiral acquisition approaches, including the deferral of technologies that are not yet mature and capabilities that are likely to significantly increase costs or delay production until later increments or spirals."

§3103. Civilian management of the defense acquisition system

(a) Responsibility of the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment.—Subject to the authority, direction and control of the Secretary of Defense, the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment shall be responsible for the management of the defense acquisition system and shall exercise such control of the system and perform such duties as are necessary to ensure the successful and efficient operation of the defense acquisition system, including the duties enumerated and assigned to the Under Secretary elsewhere in this title.

(b) Responsibility of the Service Acquisition Executives.—Subject to the direction of the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment on matters pertaining to acquisition, and subject to the authority, direction, and control of the Secretary of the military department concerned, a service acquisition executive of a military department shall be responsible for the management of elements of the defense acquisition system in that military department and shall exercise such control of the system and perform such duties as are necessary to ensure the successful and efficient operation of such elements of the defense acquisition system.

(Added Pub. L. 111–383, div. A, title VIII, §861(a), Jan. 7, 2011, 124 Stat. 4288, §2546; amended Pub. L. 116–92, div. A, title IX, §902(78), Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 1552; renumbered §3103, Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XVIII, §1808(a)(2), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4159.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2021—Pub. L. 116–283 renumbered section 2546 of this title as this section.

2019—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 116–92, §902(78)(A), (B), substituted "Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment" for "Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics" in heading and text.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 116–92, §902(78)(C), substituted "Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment" for "Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2021 Amendment

§3104. Acquisition-related functions of chiefs of the armed forces

(a) Performance of Certain Acquisition-related Functions.—The Secretary of Defense shall ensure that the Chief of Staff of the Army, the Chief of Naval Operations, the Chief of Staff of the Air Force, the Commandant of the Marine Corps, and the Chief of Space Operations assist the Secretary of the military department concerned in the performance of the following acquisition-related functions of such department:

(1) The development of requirements for equipping the armed force concerned (subject, where appropriate, to validation by the Joint Requirements Oversight Council pursuant to section 181 of this title).

(2) Decisions regarding the balancing of resources and priorities, and associated trade-offs among cost, schedule, technical feasibility, and performance on major defense acquisition programs.

(3) The coordination of measures to control requirements creep in the defense acquisition system.

(4) The recommendation of trade-offs among life-cycle cost, schedule, and performance objectives, and procurement quantity objectives, to ensure acquisition programs deliver best value in meeting the approved military requirements.

(5) Termination of development or procurement programs for which life-cycle cost, schedule, and performance expectations are no longer consistent with approved military requirements and levels of priority, or which no longer have approved military requirements.

(6) The development and management of career paths in acquisition for military personnel (as required by section 1722a of this title).

(7) The assignment and training of contracting officer representatives when such representatives are required to be members of the armed forces because of the nature of the contract concerned.

(b) Adherence to Requirements in Major Defense Acquisition Programs.—(1) The Secretary of the military department concerned shall ensure that the program capability document supporting a Milestone B or subsequent decision for a major defense acquisition program may not be approved until the chief of the armed force concerned determines in writing that the requirements in the document are necessary and realistic in relation to the program cost and fielding targets established under section 4271(a) of this title.

(2) Consistent with the performance of duties under subsection (a), the Chief of the armed force concerned, or in the case of a joint program the chiefs of the armed forces concerned, with respect to major defense acquisition programs, shall—

(A) concur with the need for a materiel solution as identified in the Materiel Development Decision Review prior to entry into the Materiel Solution Analysis Phase under Department of Defense Instruction 5000.02;

(B) concur with the cost, schedule, technical feasibility, and performance trade-offs that have been made with regard to the program before Milestone A approval is granted under section 4251 of this title;

(C) concur that appropriate trade-offs among cost, schedule, technical feasibility, and performance objectives have been made to ensure that the program is affordable when considering the per unit cost and the total life-cycle cost before Milestone B approval is granted under section 4252 of this title; and

(D) concur that the requirements in the program capability document are necessary and realistic in relation to program cost and fielding targets as required by paragraph (1) before Milestone C approval is granted.

(c) Rule of Construction.—Nothing in this section shall be construed to affect the assignment of functions under section 7014(c)(1)(A), section 8014(c)(1)(A), or section 9014(c)(1)(A) of this title, except as explicitly provided in this section.

(d) Definitions.—In this section:

(1) The term "requirements creep" means the addition of new technical or operational specifications after a requirements document is approved by the appropriate validation authority for the requirements document.

(2) The term "requirements document" means a document produced in the requirements process that is provided for an acquisition program to guide the subsequent development, production, and testing of the program and that—

(A) justifies the need for a materiel approach, or an approach that is a combination of materiel and non-materiel, to satisfy one or more specific capability gaps;

(B) details the information necessary to develop an increment of militarily useful, logistically supportable, and technically mature capability, including key performance parameters; or

(3) The term "program capability document" has the meaning provided in section 4401(b)(5) of this title.

(Added Pub. L. 111–383, div. A, title VIII, §861(a), Jan. 7, 2011, 124 Stat. 4289, §2547; amended Pub. L. 112–239, div. A, title IX, §951(c), Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 1891; Pub. L. 114–92, div. A, title VIII, §802(b), Nov. 25, 2015, 129 Stat. 879; Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title VIII, §807(c), Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2261; Pub. L. 115–91, div. A, title VIII, §833, Dec. 12, 2017, 131 Stat. 1468; Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title VIII, §809(a), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 1840; Pub. L. 116–92, div. A, title XVII, §1731(a)(52), Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 1815; renumbered §3104 and amended Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title IX, §924(b)(32), title XVIII, §1808(a)(2), (b)(2), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 3825, 4159, 4160.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

In addition to being transferred to this section as part of the renumbering of section 2547 of this title, subsec. (b) of section 2547 of this title had also been directed to be transferred to section 4274 of this title and redesignated as subsec. (a) of that section by Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XVIII, §1847(e)(4)(B), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4257. Section 1847(e)(4)(B) of Pub. L. 116–283 was repealed by Pub. L. 117–81, div. A, title XVII, §1701(r)(1)(B), Dec. 27, 2021, 135 Stat. 2149, effective as if included in title XVIII of Pub. L. 116–283.

Amendments

2021—Pub. L. 116–283, §1808(a)(2), renumbered section 2547 of this title as this section.

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 116–283, §924(b)(32), substituted "the Commandant of the Marine Corps, and the Chief of Space Operations" for "and the Commandant of the Marine Corps".

Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 116–283, §1808(b)(2)(A), substituted "section 4271(a)" for "section 2448a(a)".

Subsec. (b)(2)(B). Pub. L. 116–283, §1808(b)(2)(B), substituted "section 4251" for "section 2366a".

Subsec. (b)(2)(C). Pub. L. 116–283, §1808(b)(2)(C), substituted "section 4252" for "section 2366b".

Subsec. (d)(3). Pub. L. 116–283, §1808(b)(2)(D), substituted "section 4401(b)(5)" for "section 2446a(b)(5)".

2019—Subsec. (b)(2)(A). Pub. L. 116–92 substituted "materiel" for "material" and "Materiel" for "Material" in two places.

2018—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 115–232 substituted "section 7014(c)(1)(A), section 8014(c)(1)(A), or section 9014(c)(1)(A)" for "section 3014(c)(1)(A), section 5014(c)(1)(A), or section 8014(c)(1)(A)".

2017—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 115–91 designated existing provisions as par. (1) and added par. (2).

2016—Subsecs. (b), (c). Pub. L. 114–328, §807(c)(1), (2), added subsec. (b) and redesignated former subsec. (b) as (c). Former subsec. (c) redesignated (d).

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 114–328, §807(c)(1), redesignated subsec. (c) as (d).

Subsec. (d)(3). Pub. L. 114–328, §807(c)(3), added par. (3).

2015—Subsec. (a)(2) to (5). Pub. L. 114–92, §802(b)(1), (2), added par. (2) and redesignated former pars. (2) to (4) as (3) to (5), respectively. Former par. (5) redesignated (6).

Subsec. (a)(6). Pub. L. 114–92, §802(b)(1), (3), redesignated par. (5) as (6) and substituted "The development and management" for "The development". Former par. (6) redesignated (7).

Subsec. (a)(7). Pub. L. 114–92, §802(b)(1), redesignated par. (6) as (7).

2013—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 112–239, §951(c)(1), substituted "of requirements for equipping the armed force concerned" for "of requirements relating to the defense acquisition system".

Subsec. (a)(3) to (6). Pub. L. 112–239, §951(c)(2), (3), added pars. (3) and (4) and redesignated former pars. (3) and (4) as (5) and (6), respectively.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2021 Amendment

Amendment by section 1808(a)(2), (b)(2) of Pub. L. 116–283 effective Jan. 1, 2022, with additional provisions for delayed implementation and applicability of existing law, see section 1801(d) of Pub. L. 116–283, set out as a note preceding section 3001 of this title.

Effective Date of 2018 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 115–232 effective Feb. 1, 2019, with provision for the coordination of amendments and special rule for certain redesignations, see section 800 of Pub. L. 115–232, set out as a note preceding section 3001 of this title.

§3105. Elements of the defense acquisition system: performance assessments

(a) Performance Assessments Required.—The Secretary of Defense, acting through the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment, the Director of Procurement and Acquisition Policy, and the Director of the Office of Performance Assessment and Root Cause Analysis, shall issue guidance, with detailed implementation instructions, for the Department of Defense to provide for periodic independent performance assessments of elements of the defense acquisition system for the purpose of—

(1) determining the extent to which such elements of the defense acquisition system deliver value to the Department of Defense, taking into consideration the performance elements identified in subsection (b);

(2) assisting senior officials of the Department of Defense in identifying and developing lessons learned from best practices and shortcomings in the performance of such elements of the defense acquisition system; and

(3) assisting senior officials of the Department of Defense in developing acquisition workforce excellence under section 1701a of this title.

(b) Areas Considered in Performance Assessments.—(1) Each performance assessment conducted pursuant to subsection (a) shall consider, at a minimum—

(A) the extent to which acquisitions conducted by the element of the defense acquisition system under review meet applicable cost, schedule, and performance objectives; and

(B) the staffing and quality of the acquisition workforce and the effectiveness of the management of the acquisition workforce, including workforce incentives and career paths.

(2) The Secretary of Defense shall ensure that the performance assessments required by this section are appropriately tailored to reflect the diverse nature of the work performed by each element of the defense acquisition system. In addition to the mandatory areas under paragraph (1), a performance assessment may consider, as appropriate, specific areas of acquisition concern, such as—

(A) the selection of contractors, including—

(i) the extent of competition and the use of exceptions to competition requirements;

(ii) compliance with Department of Defense policies regarding the participation of small business concerns and various categories of small business concerns, including the use of contract bundling and the availability of non-bundled contract vehicles;

(iii) the quality of market research;

(iv) the effective consideration of contractor past performance; and

(v) the number of bid protests, the extent to which such bid protests have been successful, and the reasons for such success;

(B) the negotiation of contracts, including—

(i) the appropriate application of sections 3701 through 3708 of this title (relating to truth in negotiations);

(ii) the appropriate use of contract types appropriate to specific procurements;

(iii) the appropriate use of performance requirements;

(iv) the appropriate acquisition of technical data and other rights and assets necessary to support long-term sustainment and follow-on procurement; and

(v) the timely definitization of any undefinitized contract actions; and

(i) the assignment of appropriately qualified contracting officer representatives and other contract management personnel;

(ii) the extent of contract disputes, the reasons for such disputes, and the extent to which they have been successfully addressed;

(iii) the appropriate consideration of long-term sustainment and energy efficiency objectives; and

(iv) the appropriate use of integrated testing.

(c) Contents of Guidance.—The guidance issued pursuant to subsection (a) shall ensure that each element of the defense acquisition system is subject to a performance assessment under this section not less often than once every four years, and shall address, at a minimum—

(1) the designation of elements of the defense acquisition system that are subject to performance assessment at an organizational level that ensures such assessments can be performed in an efficient and integrated manner;

(2) the frequency with which such performance assessments should be conducted;

(3) goals, standards, tools, and metrics for use in conducting performance assessments;

(4) the composition of the teams designated to perform performance assessments;

(5) any phase-in requirements needed to ensure that qualified staff are available to perform performance assessments;

(6) procedures for tracking the implementation of recommendations made pursuant to performance assessments;

(7) procedures for developing and disseminating lessons learned from performance assessments; and

(8) procedures for ensuring that information from performance assessments are retained electronically and are provided in a timely manner to the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment and the Director of the Office of Performance Assessment and Root Cause Analysis as needed to assist them in performing their responsibilities under this section.

(Added Pub. L. 111–383, div. A, title VIII, §861(a), Jan. 7, 2011, 124 Stat. 4289, §2548; amended Pub. L. 112–239, div. A, title X, §1076(d)(5), (f)(30), Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 1951, 1953; Pub. L. 115–91, div. A, title X, §1081(a)(41), Dec. 12, 2017, 131 Stat. 1596; Pub. L. 116–92, div. A, title IX, §902(79), Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 1553; renumbered §3105 and amended Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XVIII, §1808(a)(2), (b)(3), (c)(1)(A), (2), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4159, 4160.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2021—Pub. L. 116–283, §1808(a)(2), (c)(2), renumbered section 2548 of this title as this section and substituted "Elements of the defense acquisition system: performance assessments" for "Performance assessments of the defense acquisition system" in section catchline.

Subsec. (b)(2)(B)(i). Pub. L. 116–283, §1808(b)(3), substituted "sections 3701 through 3708" for "section 2306a".

Subsecs. (d), (e). Pub. L. 116–283, §1808(c)(1)(A), transferred subsecs. (d) and (e) of this section to section 3106 of this title.

2019—Subsecs. (a), (c)(8). Pub. L. 116–92 substituted "Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment" for "Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics".

2017—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 115–91 substituted "Requirement" for "Requirements" in heading, struck out introductory provisions "Beginning with fiscal year 2012—", substituted "The annual report prepared by the Secretary" for "(1) the annual report prepared by the Secretary", and struck out par. (2) which read as follows: "the annual report prepared by the Director of the Office of Performance Assessment and Root Cause Analysis pursuant to section 2438(f) of this title shall include information on the activities undertaken by the Department pursuant to such section, including a summary of significant findings or recommendations arising out of performance assessments."

2013—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 112–239, §1076(f)(30)(A)(i), substituted "The Secretary" for "Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of the Ike Skelton National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2011, the Secretary" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 112–239, §1076(f)(30)(A)(ii), inserted period at end.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 112–239, §1076(f)(30)(B), inserted "and" after "Government Performance" in heading and substituted "The" for "Beginning with fiscal year 2012, the" in text.

Subsec. (e)(1). Pub. L. 112–239, §1076(f)(30)(C), struck out ", United States Code," after "title 31".

Subsec. (e)(2). Pub. L. 112–239, §1076(d)(5), substituted "section 2438(f) of this title" for "section 103(f) of the Weapon Systems Acquisition Reform Act of 2009 (10 U.S.C. 2430 note),".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2021 Amendment

§3106. Elements of the defense acquisition system: performance goals

(a) Performance Goals Under Government Performance and Results Act of 1993.—The annual performance plan prepared by the Department of Defense pursuant to section 1115 of title 31 shall include appropriate performance goals for elements of the defense acquisition system.

(b) Reporting Requirement.—The annual report prepared by the Secretary of Defense pursuant to section 1116 of title 31 shall address the Department's success in achieving performance goals established pursuant to such section for elements of the defense acquisition system.

(Added and amended Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XVIII, §1808(c)(1), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4160.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Government Performance and Results Act of 1993, referred to in subsec. (a), is Pub. L. 103–62, Aug. 3, 1993, 107 Stat. 285, which enacted section 306 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, sections 1115 to 1119, 9703, and 9704 of Title 31, Money and Finance, and sections 2801 to 2805 of Title 39, Postal Service, amended section 1105 of Title 31, and enacted provisions set out as notes under sections 1101 and 1115 of Title 31. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 1993 Amendment note set out under section 1101 of Title 31 and Tables.

Codification

The text of subsecs. (d) and (e) of section 2548 of this title, which were transferred first to section 3105(d) and (e) of this title and then to this section, redesignated as subsecs. (a) and (b), respectively, and amended by Pub. L. 116–283, §1808(a)(2), (c)(1), was based on Pub. L. 111–383, div. A, title VIII, §861(a), Jan. 7, 2011, 124 Stat. 4289; amended Pub. L. 112–239, div. A, title X, §1076(d)(5), (f)(30)(B), (C), Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 1951, 1953; Pub. L. 115–91, div. A, title X, §1081(a)(41), Dec. 12, 2017, 131 Stat. 1596.

Amendments

2021—Pub. L. 116–283, §1808(c)(1)(B), redesignated subsecs. (d) and (e) of section 3105 of this title as subsecs. (a) and (b), respectively, of this section.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

CHAPTER 207—BUDGETING AND APPROPRIATIONS

Sec.

3131.

Availability of appropriations.

3132.

Availability of appropriations for procurement of technical military equipment and supplies.

3133.

Contracts for periods crossing fiscal years: severable service contracts; leases of real or personal property.

3134.

Allocation of appropriations.

3135.

Comparable budgeting for common procurement weapon systems.

3136.

Defense Modernization Account.

3137.

Procurement of contract services: specification of amounts requested in budget.¹

3138.

Obligations for contract services: reporting in budget object classes.

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior chapter 207 "BUDGETING AND APPROPRIATIONS MATTERS", as added by Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title VIII, §801(a), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 1826, and consisting of reserved section 3101, was repealed by Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XVIII, §1809(a), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4160.

¹ Section omitted by Pub. L. 117–81 without corresponding amendment of chapter analysis.

§3131. Availability of appropriations

(a) Funds appropriated to the Department of Defense for research and development remain available for obligation for a period of two consecutive years.

(b) Funds appropriated to the Department of Defense for research and development may be used—

(1) for the purposes of section 4141 of this title; and

(2) for purposes related to research and development for which expenditures are specifically authorized in other appropriations of the Department of Defense.

(Added Pub. L. 97–258, §2(b)(3)(B), Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 1052, §2361; renumbered §2351 and amended Pub. L. 100–370, §1(g)(1), July 19, 1988, 102 Stat. 846; renumbered §3131 and amended Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XVIII, §§1809(b), 1883(b)(2), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4161, 4294; Pub. L. 117–81, div. A, title XVII, §1701(d)(1), Dec. 27, 2021, 135 Stat. 2136.)

Historical and Revision Notes
1982 Act
Revised section	Source (U.S. Code)	Source (Statutes at Large)
2361	31:649c(2).	Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, §40(2), 70A Stat. 636; Nov. 17, 1971, Pub. L. 92–156, §201(b), 85 Stat. 424.

The words "Unless otherwise provided in the appropriation Act concerned" are omitted as unnecessary and for consistency. The word "Funds" is substituted for "moneys" for consistency in title 10.

1988 Act

Subsection (a) is based on section 2361 of this title.

Subsection (b) is based on Pub. L. 99–190, §101(b) [title VIII, §8015], Dec. 19, 1985, 99 Stat. 1185, 1205.

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2021—Pub. L. 116–283, §1809(b), renumbered section 2351 of this title as this section.

Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 117–81, which directed the substitution of "section 4141" for "section 2353", could not be executed because of the intervening amendment by Pub. L. 116–283, §1883(b)(2). See note below.

Pub. L. 116–283, §1883(b)(2), substituted "section 4141" for "section 2353".

1988—Pub. L. 100–370 renumbered section 2361 of this title as section 2351, designated such provisions as subsec. (a), and added subsec. (b).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2021 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 117–81 to take effect immediately after the amendments made by title XVIII of Pub. L. 116–283 have taken effect, see section 1701(a)(3) of Pub. L. 117–81, set out in a note preceding section 3001 of this title and note below.

§3132. Availability of appropriations for procurement of technical military equipment and supplies

Funds appropriated to the Department of Defense for the procurement of technical military equipment and supplies remain available until spent.

(Added Pub. L. 97–258, §2(b)(4)(B), Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 1052, §2394; renumbered §2395 and amended Pub. L. 97–295, §1(28)(A), Oct. 12, 1982, 96 Stat. 1291; renumbered §3132, Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XVIII, §1809(c), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4161.)

Historical and Revision Notes
1982 Act (Pub. L. 97–258)
Revised section	Source (U.S. Code)	Source (Statutes at Large)
2394	31:649c(1).	Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, §40(1), 70A Stat. 636; Nov. 17, 1971, Pub. L. 92–156, §201(b), 85 Stat. 424.

The words "Unless otherwise provided in the appropriation Act concerned" are omitted as unnecessary and for consistency. The word "Funds" is substituted for "moneys" for consistency in title 10. The word "military" is added before "public" for clarity. The words "including moneys appropriated to the Department of the Navy for the procurement and construction of guided missiles" are omitted as included in "technical military equipment".

1982 Act (Pub. L. 97–295)
Revised section	Source (U.S. Code)	Source (Statutes at Large)
2395	10:2394.	Sept. 13, 1982, Pub. L. 97–258, §2(b)(4)(B), 96 Stat. 1053.

This redesignates 10:2394 (enacted by Pub. L. 97–258) as 10:2395 because of the enactment of another 10:2394 by Pub. L. 97–214, §6(a)(1), July 12, 1982, 96 Stat. 171, and amends the section generally to eliminate the words "and the construction of military public works" because of section 10(b)(5) of the Military Construction Codification Act (Pub. L. 97–214, July 12, 1982, 96 Stat. 176) which struck corresponding words from the source statute for 10:2394 subsequent to Apr. 15, 1982, the cut-off date prescribed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 97–258, section 2(b)(4)(B) of which enacted 10:2394.

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2021—Pub. L. 116–283 renumbered section 2395 of this title as this section.

1982—Pub. L. 97–295 struck out "and the construction of military public works" after "supplies".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2021 Amendment

§3133. Contracts for periods crossing fiscal years: severable service contracts; leases of real or personal property

(a) Authority.—(1) The Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of a military department, or the Secretary of Homeland Security with respect to the Coast Guard when it is not operating as a service in the Navy, may enter into a contract for a purpose described in paragraph (2) for a period that begins in one fiscal year and ends in the next fiscal year if (without regard to any option to extend the period of the contract) the contract period does not exceed one year.

(2) The purpose of a contract described in this paragraph is as follows:

(A) The procurement of severable services.

(B) The lease of real or personal property, including the maintenance of such property when contracted for as part of the lease agreement.

(b) Obligation of Funds.—Funds made available for a fiscal year may be obligated for the total amount of a contract entered into under the authority of subsection (a).

(Added Pub. L. 100–370, §1(h)(2), July 19, 1988, 102 Stat. 847, §2410a; amended Pub. L. 102–190, div. A, title III, §342, Dec. 5, 1991, 105 Stat. 1343; Pub. L. 104–324, title II, §214(b), Oct. 19, 1996, 110 Stat. 3915; Pub. L. 105–85, div. A, title VIII, §801(a), Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 1831; Pub. L. 107–296, title XVII, §1704(b)(1), Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2314; Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title X, §1005(a), (b)(1), Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1584; renumbered §3133, Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XVIII, §1809(d), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4161.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Section is based on Pub. L. 99–190, §101(b) [title VIII, §8005(e), (h), (l)], Dec. 19, 1985, 99 Stat. 1185, 1202.

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2021—Pub. L. 116–283 renumbered section 2410a of this title as this section.

2003—Pub. L. 108–136, §1005(b)(1), amended section catchline generally, substituting "Contracts for periods crossing fiscal years: severable service contracts; leases of real or personal property" for "Severable service contracts for periods crossing fiscal years".

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 108–136, §1005(a), inserted "(1)" before "The Secretary of Defense", substituted "for a purpose described in paragraph (2)" for "for procurement of severable services", and added par. (2).

2002—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 107–296 substituted "of Homeland Security" for "of Transportation".

1997—Pub. L. 105–85 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section related to availability of appropriated funds for payments under contracts for various types of maintenance, leases, and operations and authorized Secretary of Transportation to enter into contracts for procurement of severable services.

1996—Pub. L. 104–324 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a) and added subsec. (b).

1991—Par. (1). Pub. L. 102–190, §342(1), inserted ", equipment," after "tools".

Par. (4). Pub. L. 102–190, §342(2), added par. (4).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2021 Amendment

Effective Date of 2003 Amendment

Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title X, §1005(c), Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1585, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section] shall not apply to funds appropriated for a fiscal year before fiscal year 2004."

Effective Date of 2002 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 107–296 effective on the date of transfer of the Coast Guard to the Department of Homeland Security, see section 1704(g) of Pub. L. 107–296, set out as a note under section 101 of this title.

§3134. Allocation of appropriations

(a) Appropriations available for procurement by an agency named in section 3063 of this title may, through administrative allotment, be made available for obligation for procurement by any other agency in amounts authorized by the head of the allotting agency and without transfer of funds on the books of the Department of the Treasury.

(b) A disbursing official of the allotting agency may make any disbursement chargeable to an allotment under subsection (a) upon a voucher certified by an officer or civilian employee of the procuring agency.

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 132, §2309; Pub. L. 97–258, §2(b)(1)(B), Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 1052; renumbered §3134 and amended Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XVIII, §1809(e), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4161; Pub. L. 117–81, div. A, title XVII, §1701(b)(3), Dec. 27, 2021, 135 Stat. 2132.)

Historical and Revision Notes
Revised section	Source (U.S. Code)	Source (Statutes at Large)
2309(a) 2309(b)	41:159 (2d sentence). 41:159 (less 1st and 2d sentences).	Feb. 19, 1948, ch. 65, §10 (less 1st sentence), 62 Stat. 25.

In subsection (a), the words "an agency named in section 2303 of this title" are substituted for the words "any such agency".

In subsection (b), the words "an allotment under subsection (a)" are substituted for the words "such allotments".

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2021—Pub. L. 116–283, §1809(e)(1), renumbered section 2309 of this title as this section.

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 116–283, §1809(e)(2)(A), substituted "named in section 3063" for "named in section 2303".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 116–283, §1809(e)(2)(B), which directed adding subsec. (c), was repealed by Pub. L. 117–81, §1701(b)(3).

1982—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 97–258 substituted "disbursing official" for "disbursing officer".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2021 Amendment

§3135. Comparable budgeting for common procurement weapon systems

(a) Matters To Be Included in Annual Defense Budgets.—In preparing the defense budget for any fiscal year, the Secretary of Defense shall—

(1) specifically identify each common procurement weapon system included in the budget;

(2) take all feasible steps to minimize variations in procurement unit costs for any such system as shown in the budget requests of the different armed forces requesting procurement funds for the system; and

(3) identify and justify in the budget all such variations in procurement unit costs for common procurement weapon systems.

(b) Comptroller.—The Secretary shall carry out this section through the Under Secretary of Defense (Comptroller).

(1) The term "defense budget" means the budget of the Department of Defense included in the President's budget submitted to Congress under section 1105 of title 31 for a fiscal year.

(2) The term "common procurement weapon system" means a weapon system for which two or more of the Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, and Space Force request procurement funds in a defense budget.

(Added Pub. L. 100–370, §1(d)(3)(A), July 19, 1988, 102 Stat. 843, §2217; amended Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title XV, §1503(a)(20), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 512; renumbered §3135 and amended Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title IX, §924(b)(1)(N), title XVIII, §1809(f)(1), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 3820, 4161.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Section is based on Pub. L. 99–500, §101(c) [title X, §955], Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783–82, 1783-173, and Pub. L. 99–591, §101(c) [title X, §955], Oct. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341–82, 3341-173; Pub. L. 99–661, div. A, title IX, formerly title IV, §955, Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 3953, renumbered title IX, Pub. L. 100–26, §3(5), Apr. 21, 1987, 101 Stat. 273.

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2021—Pub. L. 116–283, §1809(f)(1), renumbered section 2217 of this title as this section.

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 116–283, §924(b)(1)(N), substituted "Marine Corps, and Space Force" for "and Marine Corps".

1996—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 104–106 substituted "Under Secretary of Defense (Comptroller)" for "Comptroller of the Department of Defense".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2021 Amendment

Amendment by section 1809(f)(1) of Pub. L. 116–283 effective Jan. 1, 2022, with additional provisions for delayed implementation and applicability of existing law, see section 1801(d) of Pub. L. 116–283, set out as a note preceding section 3001 of this title.

§3136. Defense Modernization Account

(a) Establishment.—There is established in the Treasury an account to be known as the "Defense Modernization Account".

(b) Funds Available for Account.—The Defense Modernization Account shall consist of the following:

(1) Amounts appropriated to the Defense Modernization Account for the costs of projects described in subsection (d)(1), and amounts reimbursed to the Defense Modernization Account under subsection (c)(1)(B)(ii) out of savings derived from such projects.

(2) Amounts transferred to the Defense Modernization Account under subsection (c).

(c) Transfers to Account.—(1)(A) Upon a determination by the Secretary of a military department, or the Secretary of Defense with respect to Defense-wide appropriations accounts, of the availability and source of funds described in subparagraph (B), the Secretary concerned may transfer to the Defense Modernization Account during any fiscal year any amount of funds available to the Secretary described in that subparagraph. Such funds may be transferred to that account only after the Secretary concerned notifies the congressional defense committees in writing of the amount and source of the proposed transfer.

(B) This subsection applies to the following funds that have been appropriated for fiscal years after fiscal year 2016 and are available to the Secretary concerned:

(i) Unexpired funds in appropriations accounts that are available for new obligations and that, as a result of economies, efficiencies, and other savings achieved in carrying out an acquisition program, are excess to the requirements of that program.

(ii) Unexpired funds in appropriations accounts that are available for procurement or operation and maintenance of a system, if and to the extent that savings are achieved for such accounts through reductions in life cycle costs of such system that result from one or more projects undertaken with respect to such systems with funds made available from the Defense Modernization Account under subsection (b)(1).

(2) Funds referred to in paragraph (1) may not be transferred to the Defense Modernization Account if the balance of funds in the account, after transfer of funds to the account, would exceed $1,000,000,000.

(3) Amounts deposited in the Defense Modernization Account shall remain available for transfer and obligation until the end of the third fiscal year that follows the fiscal year in which the amounts are deposited in the account.

(d) Authorized Use of Funds.—Funds in the Defense Modernization Account may be used for the following purposes:

(1) For paying the costs of any project that, in accordance with criteria prescribed by the Secretary concerned, is undertaken by the Secretary of a military department or the head of a Defense Agency or other element of the Department of Defense to reduce the life cycle cost of a new or existing system.

(2) For increasing, subject to subsection (e), the quantity of items and services procured under an acquisition program in order to achieve a more efficient production or delivery rate.

(3) For research, development, test, and evaluation, for procurement, and for sustainment activities necessary for paying costs of unforeseen contingencies that are approved by the milestone decision authority concerned, that could prevent an ongoing acquisition program from meeting critical schedule or performance requirements.

(4) For paying costs of changes to program requirements or system configuration that are approved by the configuration steering board for a major defense acquisition program.

(e) Limitations.—(1) Funds in the Defense Modernization Account may not be used to increase the quantity of an item or services procured under a particular acquisition program to the extent that doing so would—

(A) result in procurement of a total quantity of items or services in excess of—

(i) a specific limitation provided by law on the quantity of the items or services that may be procured; or

(ii) the requirement for the items or services as approved by the Joint Requirements Oversight Council and reported to Congress by the Secretary of Defense; or

(B) result in an obligation or expenditure of funds in excess of a specific limitation provided by law on the amount that may be obligated or expended, respectively, for that acquisition program.

(2) Funds in the Defense Modernization Account may not be used for a purpose or program for which Congress has not authorized appropriations, unless the procedures for initiating a new start program are complied with.

(3) Funds may not be transferred from the Defense Modernization Account in any year for the purpose of—

(A) making an expenditure for which there is no corresponding obligation; or

(B) making an expenditure that would satisfy an unliquidated or unrecorded obligation arising in a prior fiscal year.

(f) Transfer of Funds.—(1) The Secretary of a military department, or the Secretary of Defense with respect to Defense-wide appropriations accounts, may transfer funds in the Defense Modernization Account to appropriations available for purposes set forth in subsection (d).

(2) Funds in the Defense Modernization Account may not be transferred under paragraph (1) until 30 days after the date on which the Secretary concerned notifies the congressional defense committees in writing of the amount and purpose of the proposed transfer.

(3) The total amount of transfers from the Defense Modernization Account during any fiscal year under this subsection may not exceed $500,000,000.

(g) Availability of Funds by Appropriation.—In addition to transfers under subsection (f), funds in the Defense Modernization Account may be made available for purposes set forth in subsection (d), but only to the extent authorized in an Act other than an appropriations Act. Funds deposited in the Defense Modernization Account shall remain available for obligation until the end of the third fiscal year that follows the fiscal year in which the amounts are deposited in the account.

(h) Secretary To Act Through Comptroller.—(1) The Secretary of Defense shall carry out this section through the Under Secretary of Defense (Comptroller), who shall be authorized to implement this section through the issuance of any necessary regulations, policies, and procedures after consultation with the General Counsel and Inspector General of the Department of Defense.

(2) The regulations prescribed under paragraph (1) shall, at a minimum, provide for—

(A) the establishment and management of subaccounts for each of the military departments and Defense Agencies concerned for the use of funds in the Defense Modernization Account, consistent with each military department's or Defense Agency's deposits in the Account;

(B) the submission of proposals by the Secretaries concerned or heads of Defense Agencies or other elements of the Department of Defense to the Comptroller for the use of Defense Modernization Account funds for purposes set forth in subsection (d);

(C) the use of a competitive process for the evaluation of such proposals and the selection of programs, projects, and activities to be funded out of the Defense Modernization Account and subaccounts from among those proposed for such funding; and

(D) the calculation of—

(i) the savings to be derived from projects described in subsection (d)(1) that are to be funded out of the Defense Modernization Account; and

(ii) the amounts to be reimbursed to the Defense Modernization Account out of such savings pursuant to subsection (c)(1)(B)(ii).

(i) Definitions.—In this section:

(1) The term "major defense acquisition program" has the meaning given the term in section 4201 of this title.

(2) The term "unexpired funds" means funds appropriated for a definite period that remain available for obligation.

(Added Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title IX, §912(a)(1), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 407, §2216; amended Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title X, §1067(1), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 774; Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title X, §§1008(a)–(f)(1), 1043(b)(8), Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1586, 1587, 1611; Pub. L. 109–364, div. A, title X, §1071(a)(16), Oct. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2399; Pub. L. 113–66, div. A, title X, §1084(a)(2), Dec. 26, 2013, 127 Stat. 871; Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title VIII, §804, Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2250; Pub. L. 116–92, div. A, title XVII, §1731(a)(30), Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 1814; renumbered §3136 and amended Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XVIII, §§1809(g)(1), 1883(b)(2), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4161, 4294; Pub. L. 117–263, div. A, title VIII, §813, Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 2707.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2022—Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 117–263 struck out subsec. (j). Text read as follows:

"(1) The authority under subsection (c) to transfer funds into the Defense Modernization Account terminates at the close of September 30, 2022.

"(2) Three years after the termination date specified in paragraph (1), the Defense Modernization Account shall be closed and any remaining balance in the account shall be canceled and thereafter shall not be available for any purpose."

2021—Pub. L. 116–283, §1809(g)(1), renumbered section 2216 of this title as this section.

Subsec. (i)(1). Pub. L. 116–283, §1883(b)(2), substituted "section 4201 of this title" for "section 2430(a) of this title".

2019—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 116–92 substituted "subsection (c)(1)(B)(ii)" for "subsection (c)(1)(B)(iii)".

2016—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 114–328, §804(a), struck out "commencing" before "projects described".

Subsec. (c)(1)(A). Pub. L. 114–328, §804(b)(1), substituted ", or the Secretary of Defense with respect to Defense-wide appropriations accounts," for "or the Secretary of Defense with respect to Defense-wide appropriations accounts" and "the Secretary concerned" for "that Secretary" before "may transfer".

Subsec. (c)(1)(B). Pub. L. 114–328, §804(b)(2)(A), in introductory provisions, inserted "that have been appropriated for fiscal years after fiscal year 2016 and are" after "following funds".

Subsec. (c)(1)(B)(i). Pub. L. 114–328, §804(b)(2)(B), substituted "or new obligations" for "for procurement", "an acquisition program" for "a particular procurement", and "that program" for "that procurement".

Subsec. (c)(1)(B)(ii), (iii). Pub. L. 114–328, §804(b)(2)(C), (D), redesignated cl. (iii) as (ii) and struck out former cl. (ii) which read as follows: "Unexpired funds that are available during the final 30 days of a fiscal year for support of installations and facilities and that, as a result of economies, efficiencies, and other savings, are excess to the requirements for support of installations and facilities."

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 114–328, §804(b)(3), struck out ", other than funds referred to in subparagraph (B)(iii) of such paragraph," after "Funds referred to in paragraph (1)" and substituted "if the balance of funds" for "if—

"(A) the funds are necessary for programs, projects, and activities that, as determined by the Secretary, have a higher priority than the purposes for which the funds would be available if transferred to that account; or

"(B) the balance of funds".

Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 114–328, §804(b)(4), substituted "deposited in" for "credited to" in two places and inserted "and obligation" after "available for transfer".

Subsec. (c)(4). Pub. L. 114–328, §804(b)(5), struck out par. (4) which read as follows: "The period of availability of funds for expenditure provided for in sections 1551 and 1552 of title 31 may not be extended by transfer into the Defense Modernization Account."

Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 114–328, §804(c)(1), struck out "commencing" before "any project" and substituted "Secretary concerned" for "Secretary of Defense".

Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 114–328, §804(c)(2), substituted "an acquisition program" for "a procurement program".

Subsec. (d)(3). Pub. L. 114–328, §804(c)(3), amended par. (3) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (3) read as follows: "For research, development, test, and evaluation and for procurement necessary for modernization of an existing system or of a system being procured under an ongoing procurement program."

Subsec. (d)(4). Pub. L. 114–328, §804(c)(4), added par. (4).

Subsec. (e)(1). Pub. L. 114–328, §804(d)(1), substituted "acquisition program" for "procurement program" in introductory provisions and subpar. (B).

Subsec. (e)(2). Pub. L. 114–328, §804(d)(2), substituted "authorized appropriations, unless the procedures for initiating a new start program are complied with" for "authorized appropriations".

Subsec. (f)(1). Pub. L. 114–328, §804(e), substituted "Secretary of a military department, or the Secretary of Defense with respect to Defense-wide appropriations accounts," for "Secretary of Defense".

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 114–328, §804(f), struck out "in accordance with the provisions of appropriations Acts" after "subsection (d)" and inserted at end "Funds deposited in the Defense Modernization Account shall remain available for obligation until the end of the third fiscal year that follows the fiscal year in which the amounts are deposited in the account."

Subsec. (h)(2)(A), (B). Pub. L. 114–328, §804(g)(1), (2), added subpar. (A) and redesignated former subpar. (A) as (B). Former subpar. (B) redesignated (C).

Subsec. (h)(2)(C). Pub. L. 114–328, §804(g)(1), (3), redesignated subpar. (B) as (C) and inserted "and subaccounts" after "Account". Former subpar. (C) redesignated (D).

Subsec. (h)(2)(D). Pub. L. 114–328, §804(g)(1), redesignated subpar. (C) as (D).

Subsec. (h)(2)(D)(ii). Pub. L. 114–328, §804(g)(4), substituted "subsection (c)(1)(B)(ii)" for "subsection (c)(1)(B)(iii)".

Subsec. (i)(1). Pub. L. 114–328, §804(h), amended par. (1) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (1) read as follows: "The term 'Secretary concerned' includes the Secretary of Defense with respect to Defense-wide appropriations accounts."

Subsec. (j)(1). Pub. L. 114–328, §804(j), substituted "terminates at the close of September 30, 2022" for "terminates at the close of September 30, 2006".

2013—Subsecs. (i) to (k). Pub. L. 113–66 redesignated subsecs. (j) and (k) as (i) and (j), respectively, and struck out former subsec. (i) which related to an annual report submitted by the Secretary of Defense to the congressional defense committees and the Committee on Governmental Affairs of the Senate and the Committee on Government Reform and Oversight of the House of Representatives.

2006—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 109–364 substituted "subsection (c)(1)(B)(iii)" for "subsections (c)(1)(B)(iii)".

2003—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 108–136, §1008(a)(3), added subsec. (b). Former subsec. (b) redesignated (c).

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 108–136, §1008(a)(1), (2), redesignated subsec. (b) as (c) and struck out heading and text of former subsec. (c). Text read as follows: "Funds transferred to the Defense Modernization Account from funds appropriated for a military department, Defense Agency, or other element of the Department of Defense shall be available in accordance with subsections (f) and (g) only for transfer to funds available for that military department, Defense Agency, or other element."

Subsec. (c)(1)(B)(iii). Pub. L. 108–136, §1008(c)(1), added cl. (iii).

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 108–136, §1008(c)(2), inserted ", other than funds referred to in subparagraph (B)(iii) of such paragraph," after "Funds referred to in paragraph (1)".

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 108–136, §1008(b), substituted "in the Defense Modernization Account" for "available from the Defense Modernization Account pursuant to subsection (f) or (g)" in introductory provisions, added par. (1), and redesignated former pars. (1) and (2) as (2) and (3), respectively.

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 108–136, §1008(d), designated existing provisions as par. (1) and added par. (2).

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 108–136, §1008(e)(1), substituted "Annual Report" for "Quarterly Reports" in heading.

Subsec. (i)(1). Pub. L. 108–136, §1008(e)(1), (2), substituted "fiscal year" for "calendar quarter" in introductory provisions and "fiscal year" for "quarter" in subpars. (A) to (C).

Subsec. (j)(3). Pub. L. 108–136, §1043(b)(8), struck out par. (3) which read as follows: "The term 'congressional defense committees' means—

"(A) the Committee on Armed Services and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate; and

"(B) the Committee on Armed Services and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives."

Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 108–136, §1008(f)(1), added subsec. (k).

1999—Subsec. (j)(3)(B). Pub. L. 106–65 substituted "Committee on Armed Services" for "Committee on National Security".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2021 Amendment

Effective Date

Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title IX, §912(b), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 410, provided that: "Section 2216 of title 10, United States Code [now 10 U.S.C. 3136] (as added by subsection (a)), shall apply only to funds appropriated for fiscal years after fiscal year 1995."

[§3137. Omitted]

Editorial Notes

Codification

Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XVIII, §1809(h)(1), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4162, directed the transfer of section 235 of this title to this section, which was to take effect Jan. 1, 2022. However, Pub. L. 117–81, div. A, title VIII, §815(b)(1), Dec. 27, 2021, 135 Stat. 1825, subsequently repealed section 235 of this title effective Dec. 27, 2021, effectively eliminating that transfer and omitting this section before it took effect.

§3138. Obligations for contract services: reporting in budget object classes

(a) Limitation on Reporting in Miscellaneous Services Object Class.—The Secretary of Defense shall ensure that, in reporting to the Office of Management and Budget (pursuant to OMB Circular A–11 (relating to preparation and submission of budget estimates)) obligations of the Department of Defense for any period of time for contract services, no more than 15 percent of the total amount of obligations so reported is reported in the miscellaneous services object class.

(b) Definition of Reporting Categories for Advisory and Assistance Services.—In carrying out section 1105(g) of title 31 for the Department of Defense (and in determining what services are to be reported to the Office of Management and Budget in the advisory and assistance services object class), the Secretary of Defense shall apply to the terms used for the definition of "advisory and assistance services" in paragraph (2)(A) of that section the following meanings (subject to the authorized exemptions):

(1) Management and professional support services.—The term "management and professional support services" (used in clause (i) of section 1105(g)(2)(A) of title 31) means services that provide engineering or technical support, assistance, advice, or training for the efficient and effective management and operation of organizations, activities, or systems. Those services—

(A) are closely related to the basic responsibilities and mission of the using organization; and

(B) include efforts that support or contribute to improved organization or program management, logistics management, project monitoring and reporting, data collection, budgeting, accounting, auditing, and administrative or technical support for conferences and training programs.

(2) Studies, analyses, and evaluations.—The term "studies, analyses, and evaluations" (used in clause (ii) of section 1105(g)(2)(A) of title 31) means services that provide organized, analytic assessments to understand or evaluate complex issues to improve policy development, decisionmaking, management, or administration and that result in documents containing data or leading to conclusions or recommendations. Those services may include databases, models, methodologies, and related software created in support of a study, analysis, or evaluation.

(3) Engineering and technical services.—The term "engineering and technical services" (used in clause (iii) of section 1105(g)(2)(A) of title 31) means services that take the form of advice, assistance, training, or hands-on training necessary to maintain and operate fielded weapon systems, equipment, and components (including software when applicable) at design or required levels of effectiveness.

(c) Proper Classification of Advisory and Assistance Services.—Before the submission to the Office of Management and Budget of the proposed Department of Defense budget for inclusion in the President's budget for a fiscal year pursuant to section 1105 of title 31, the Secretary of Defense, acting through the Under Secretary of Defense (Comptroller), shall conduct a review of Department of Defense services expected to be performed as contract services during the fiscal year for which that budget is to be submitted in order to ensure that those services that are advisory and assistance services (as defined in accordance with subsection (b)) are in fact properly classified, in accordance with that subsection, in the advisory and assistance services object class.

(d) Report to Congress.—The Secretary shall submit to Congress each year, not later than 30 days after the date on which the budget for the next fiscal year is submitted pursuant to section 1105 of title 31, a report containing the information derived from the review under subsection (c).

(e) Assessment by Comptroller General.—(1) The Comptroller General shall conduct a review of the report of the Secretary of Defense under subsection (d) each year and shall—

(A) assess the methodology used by the Secretary in obtaining the information submitted to Congress in that report; and

(B) assess the information submitted to Congress in that report.

(2) Not later than 120 days after the date on which the Secretary submits to Congress the report required under subsection (d) for any year, the Comptroller General shall submit to Congress the Comptroller General's report containing the results of the review for that year under paragraph (1).

(f) Definitions.—In this section:

(1) The term "contract services" means all services that are reported to the Office of Management and Budget pursuant to OMB Circular A–11 (relating to preparation and submission of budget estimates) in budget object classes that are designated in the Object Class 25 series.

(2) The term "advisory and assistance services object class" means those contract services constituting the budget object class that is denominated "Advisory and Assistance Service" and designated (as of October 17, 1998) as Object Class 25.1 (or any similar object class established after October 17, 1998, for the reporting of obligations for advisory and assistance contract services).

(3) The term "miscellaneous services object class" means those contract services constituting the budget object class that is denominated "Other Services (services not otherwise specified in the 25 series)" and designated (as of October 17, 1998) as Object Class 25.2 (or any similar object class established after October 17, 1998, for the reporting of obligations for miscellaneous or unspecified contract services).

(4) The term "authorized exemptions" means those exemptions authorized (as of October 17, 1998) under Department of Defense Directive 4205.2, captioned "Acquiring and Managing Contracted Advisory and Assistance Services (CAAS)" and issued by the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Technology on February 10, 1992, such exemptions being set forth in Enclosure 3 to that directive (captioned "CAAS Exemptions").

(Added Pub. L. 105–261, div. A, title IX, §911(a)(1), Oct. 17, 1998, 112 Stat. 2097, §2212; amended Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title X, §1066(a)(17), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 771; renumbered §3138, Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XVIII, §1809(i)(1), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4162.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2021—Pub. L. 116–283 renumbered section 2212 of this title as this section.

1999—Subsec. (f)(2), (3). Pub. L. 106–65 substituted "as of October 17, 1998" for "as of the date of the enactment of this section" and "after October 17, 1998," for "after the date of the enactment of this section".

Subsec. (f)(4). Pub. L. 106–65, §1066(a)(17)(B), substituted "as of October 17, 1998" for "as of the date of the enactment of this section".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Change of Name

Reference to Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Technology deemed to refer to Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics, pursuant to section 911(a)(1) of Pub. L. 106–65, formerly set out as a note under section 133 of this title.

Effective Date of 2021 Amendment

CHAPTER 209—OPERATIONAL CONTRACT SUPPORT

Subchapter

Sec.

Joint Policies on Requirements Definition, Contingency Program Management, and Contingency Contracting

3151

II.

[Reserved]

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior chapter 209 "OPERATIONAL CONTRACT SUPPORT", as added by Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title VIII, §801(a), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 1827, and consisting of reserved section 3151, was repealed by Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XVIII, §1810(a), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4162.

Amendments

2021—Pub. L. 117–81, div. A, title XVII, §1701(i)(2)(A), Dec. 27, 2021, 135 Stat. 2141, amended Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XVIII, §1810(a), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4162, which added this analysis, by substituting "[Reserved]" for "Other Provisions Relating to Operational Contract Support" in item for subchapter II.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Responsibility Within Department of Defense for Operational Contract Support

Pub. L. 112–239, div. A, title VIII, §843, Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 1845, provided that:

"(a) Guidance Required.—Not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this Act [Jan. 2, 2013], the Secretary of Defense shall develop and issue guidance establishing the chain of authority and responsibility within the Department of Defense for policy, planning, and execution of operational contract support.

"(b) Elements.—The guidance under subsection (a) shall, at a minimum—

"(1) specify the officials, offices, and components of the Department within the chain of authority and responsibility described in subsection (a);

"(2) identify for each official, office, and component specified under paragraph (1)—

"(A) requirements for policy, planning, and execution of contract support for operational contract support, including, at a minimum, requirements in connection with—

"(i) coordination of functions, authorities, and responsibilities related to operational contract support, including coordination with relevant Federal agencies;

"(ii) assessments of total force data in support of Department force planning scenarios, including the appropriateness of and necessity for the use of contractors for identified functions;

"(iii) determinations of capability requirements for nonacquisition community operational contract support, and identification of resources required for planning, training, and execution to meet such requirements; and

"(iv) determinations of policy regarding the use of contractors by function, and identification of the training exercises that will be required for operational contract support (including an assessment [of] whether or not such exercises will include contractors); and

"(B) roles, authorities, responsibilities, and lines of supervision for the achievement of the requirements identified under subparagraph (A); and

"(3) ensure that the chain of authority and responsibility described in subsection (a) is appropriately aligned with, and appropriately integrated into, the structure of the Department for the conduct of overseas contingency operations, including the military departments, the Joint Staff, and the commanders of the unified combatant commands."

Competition and Review of Contracts for Property or Services in Support of a Contingency Operation

Pub. L. 112–81, div. A, title VIII, §844(a), (b), Dec. 31, 2011, 125 Stat. 1515, provided that:

"(a) Contracting Goals.—Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 31, 2011], the Secretary of Defense shall—

"(1) establish goals for competition in contracts awarded by the Secretary of Defense for the procurement of property or services to be used outside the United States in support of a contingency operation; and

"(2) develop processes by which to measure and monitor such competition, including in task-order categories for services, construction, and supplies.

"(b) Annual Review of Certain Contracts.—For each year the Logistics Civil Augmentation Program contract, or other similar omnibus contract awarded by the Secretary of Defense for the procurement of property or services to be used outside the United States in support of a contingency operation, is in force, the Secretary shall require a competition advocate of the Department of Defense to conduct an annual review of each such contract."

SUBCHAPTER I—JOINT POLICIES ON REQUIREMENTS DEFINITION, CONTINGENCY PROGRAM MANAGEMENT, AND CONTINGENCY CONTRACTING

Sec.

3151.

Joint policy requirement.

3152.

Requirements definition matters covered.

3153.

Contingency program management matters covered.

3154.

Contingency contracting matters covered.

3155.

Training for personnel outside acquisition workforce.

3156.

Mission readiness exercises.

3157.

Definitions; applicability.

§3151. Joint policy requirement

The Secretary of Defense, in consultation with the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, shall develop joint policies for requirements definition, contingency program management, and contingency contracting during combat operations and post-conflict operations.

(Added and amended Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XVIII, §1810(a), (b)(1), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4162, 4163.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

The text of subsec. (a) of section 2333 of this title, which was transferred to this section and amended by Pub. L. 116–283, §1810(b)(1), was based on Pub. L. 109–364, div. A, title VIII, §854(a)(1), Oct. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2343.

Amendments

2021—Pub. L. 116–283, §1810(b)(1), transferred subsec. (a) of section 2333 of this title to this section and struck out subsec. (a) designation and heading "Joint Policy Requirement" at beginning.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

§3152. Requirements definition matters covered

The joint policy for requirements definition required by section 3151 of this title shall, at a minimum, provide for the following:

(1) The assignment of a senior commissioned officer or civilian member of the senior executive service, with appropriate experience and qualifications related to the definition of requirements to be satisfied through acquisition contracts (such as for delivery of products or services, performance of work, or accomplishment of a project), to act as head of requirements definition and coordination during combat operations, post-conflict operations, and contingency operations, if required, including leading a requirements review board involving all organizations concerned.

(2) An organizational approach to requirements definition and coordination during combat operations, post-conflict operations, and contingency operations that is designed to ensure that requirements are defined in a way that effectively implements United States Government and Department of Defense objectives, policies, and decisions regarding the allocation of resources, coordination of interagency efforts in the theater of operations, and alignment of requirements with the proper use of funds.

(Added and amended Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XVIII, §1810(a), (b)(2), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4162, 4163.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

The text of subsec. (b) of section 2333 of this title, which was transferred to this section and amended by Pub. L. 116–283, §1810(b)(2), was based on Pub. L. 109–364, div. A, title VIII, §854(a)(1), Oct. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2343.

Amendments

2021—Pub. L. 116–283, §1810(b)(2), transferred subsec. (b) of section 2333 of this title to this section and, in introductory provisions, struck out subsec. (b) designation and heading "Requirements Definition Matters Covered" at beginning and substituted "section 3151 of this title" for "subsection (a)".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

§3153. Contingency program management matters covered

The joint policy for contingency program management required by section 3151 of this title shall, at a minimum, provide for the following:

(1) The assignment of a senior commissioned officer or civilian member of the senior executive service, with appropriate program management experience and qualifications, to act as head of program management during combat operations, post-conflict operations, and contingency operations, including stabilization and reconstruction operations involving multiple United States Government agencies and international organizations, if required.

(2) A preplanned organizational approach to program management during combat operations, post-conflict operations, and contingency operations that is designed to ensure that the Department of Defense is prepared to conduct such program management.

(3) Identification of a deployable cadre of experts, with the appropriate tools and authority, and trained in processes under paragraph (6).

(4) Utilization of the hiring and appointment authorities necessary for the rapid deployment of personnel to ensure the availability of key personnel for sufficient lengths of time to provide for continuing program and project management.

(5) A requirement to provide training (including training under a program to be created by the Defense Acquisition University) to program management personnel in—

(A) the use of laws, regulations, policies, and directives related to program management in combat or contingency environments;

(B) the integration of cost, schedule, and performance objectives into practical acquisition strategies aligned with available resources and subject to effective oversight; and

(6) Appropriate steps to ensure that training is maintained for such personnel even when they are not deployed in a contingency operation.

(7) Such steps as may be needed to ensure jointness and cross-service coordination in the area of program management during contingency operations.

(Added and amended Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XVIII, §1810(a), (b)(3), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4162, 4163.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

The text of subsec. (c) of section 2333 of this title, which was transferred to this section and amended by Pub. L. 116–283, §1810(b)(3), was based on Pub. L. 109–364, div. A, title VIII, §854(a)(1), Oct. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2343.

Amendments

2021—Pub. L. 116–283, §1810(b)(3), transferred subsec. (c) of section 2333 of this title to this section and, in introductory provisions, struck out subsec. (c) designation and heading "Contingency Program Management Matters Covered" at beginning and substituted "section 3151 of this title" for "subsection (a)".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Enhancement of Interagency Support During Contingency Operations and Transition Periods

Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title XII, §1281, Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2541, provided that:

"(a) Authority.—The Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of State may enter into an agreement under which each Secretary may provide covered support, supplies, and services on a reimbursement basis, or by exchange of covered support, supplies, and services, to the other Secretary during a contingency operation and related transition period for up to 2 years following the end of such contingency operation.

"(b) Agreement.—An agreement entered into under this section shall be in writing and shall include the following terms:

"(1) The price charged by a supplying agency shall be the direct costs that such agency incurred by providing the covered support, supplies, or services to the requesting agency under this section.

"(2) Credits and liabilities of the agencies accrued as a result of acquisitions and transfers of covered support, supplies, and services under this section shall be liquidated not less often than once every 3 months by direct payment to the agency supplying such support, supplies, or services by the agency receiving such support, supplies, or services.

"(3) Exchange entitlements accrued as a result of acquisitions and transfers of covered support, supplies, and services under this section shall be satisfied within 12 months after the date of the delivery of the covered support, supplies, or services. Exchange entitlements not so satisfied shall be immediately liquidated by direct payment to the agency supplying such covered support, supplies, or services.

"(c) Effect of Obligation and Availability of Funds.—An order placed by an agency pursuant to an agreement under this section is deemed to be an obligation in the same manner that a similar order placed under a contract with, or a contract for similar goods or services awarded to, a private contractor is an obligation. Appropriations remain available to pay an obligation to the servicing agency in the same manner as appropriations remain available to pay an obligation to a private contractor.

"(d) Definitions.—In this section:

"(1) Covered support, supplies, and services.—The term 'covered support, supplies, and services' means food, billeting, transportation (including airlift), petroleum, oils, lubricants, communications services, medical services, ammunition, base operations support, use of facilities, spare parts and components, repair and maintenance services, and calibration services.

"(2) Contingency operation.—The term 'contingency operation' has the meaning given that term in section 101(a)(13) of title 10, United States Code.

"(e) Crediting of Receipts.—Any receipt as a result of an agreement entered into under this section shall be credited, at the option of the Secretary of Defense with respect to the Department of Defense and the Secretary of State with respect to the Department of State, to—

"(1) the appropriation, fund, or account used in incurring the obligation; or

"(2) an appropriate appropriation, fund, or account currently available for the purposes for which the expenditures were made.

"(f) Notification.—Not later than 30 days after the end of a fiscal year in which covered support, supplies, and services are provided or exchanged pursuant to an agreement under this section, the Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of State shall jointly submit to the congressional defense committees [Committees on Armed Services and Appropriations of the Senate and the House of Representatives], the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate, and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives a notification that contains a copy of such agreement and a description of such covered support, supplies, and services."

§3154. Contingency contracting matters covered

(a) In General.—The joint policy for contingency contracting required by section 3151 of this title shall, at a minimum, provide for the following:

(1) The designation of a senior commissioned officer or civilian member of the senior executive service in each military department with the responsibility for administering the policy.

(2) The assignment of a senior commissioned officer with appropriate acquisition experience and qualifications to act as head of contingency contracting during combat operations, post-conflict operations, and contingency operations, who shall report directly to the commander of the combatant command in whose area of responsibility the operations occur.

(3) A sourcing approach to contingency contracting that is designed to ensure that each military department is prepared to conduct contingency contracting during combat operations, post-conflict operations, and contingency operations, including stabilization and reconstruction operations involving interagency organizations, if required.

(4) A requirement to provide training (including training under a program to be created by the Defense Acquisition University) to contingency contracting personnel in—

(A) the use of law, regulations, policies, and directives related to contingency contracting operations;

(B) the appropriate use of rapid acquisition methods, including the use of exceptions to competition requirements under sections 3201 through 3205 of this title, sealed bidding, letter contracts, indefinite delivery-indefinite quantity task orders, set asides under section 8(a) of the Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 637(a)), undefinitized contract actions, and other tools available to expedite the delivery of goods and services during combat operations or post-conflict operations;

(C) the appropriate use of rapid acquisition authority, commanders' emergency response program funds, and other tools unique to contingency contracting; and

(D) instruction on the necessity for the prompt transition from the use of rapid acquisition authority to the use of full and open competition and other methods of contracting that maximize transparency in the acquisition process.

(5) Appropriate steps to ensure that training is maintained for such personnel even when they are not deployed in a contingency operation.

(6) Such steps as may be needed to ensure jointness and cross-service coordination in the area of contingency contracting.

(b) Interagency Plans.—To the extent practicable, the joint policy for contingency contracting required by section 3151 of this title should be taken into account in the development of interagency plans for stabilization and reconstruction operations, consistent with the report submitted by the President under section 1035 of the John Warner National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2007 (Public Law 109–364; 120 Stat. 2388) on interagency operating procedures for the planning and conduct of stabilization and reconstruction operations.

(Added and amended Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XVIII, §1810(a), (b)(4), (c), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4162–4164.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Section 1035 of the John Warner National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2007, referred to in subsec. (b), is section 1035 of Pub. L. 109–364, div. A, title X, Oct. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2388, which is not classified to the Code.

Codification

The text of subsec. (d) of section 2333 of this title, which was transferred to this section and amended by Pub. L. 116–283, §1810(b)(4), (c), was based on Pub. L. 109–364, div. A, title VIII, §854(a)(1), Oct. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2343 Pub. L. 111–84, div. A, title X, §1073(a)(23)(A), (B), Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2473.

Amendments

2021—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 116–283, §1810(b)(4)(A), (C), (D), substituted "In General" for "Contingency Contracting Matters Covered" in heading and "section 3151 of this title" for "subsection (a)" in introductory provisions, struck out par. (1) designation at beginning, redesignated subpars. (A) to (F) as pars. (1) to (6), respectively, and, in par. (4), redesignated cls. (i) to (iv) as subpars. (A) to (D), respectively. Former par. (2) redesignated subsec. (b).

Pub. L. 116–283, §1810(b)(4), redesignated subsec. (d) of section 2333 of this title as subsec. (a) of this section.

Subsec. (a)(4)(B). Pub. L. 116–283, §1810(c), substituted "sections 3201 through 3205" for "section 2304".

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 116–283, §1810(b)(4)(B), (C), redesignated par. (2) of subsec. (a) as subsec. (b), inserted heading, and substituted "section 3151 of this title" for "subsection (a)".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

§3155. Training for personnel outside acquisition workforce

(a) Required Training.—The joint policy for requirements definition, contingency program management, and contingency contracting required by section 3151 of this title shall provide for training of military personnel outside the acquisition workforce (including operational field commanders and officers performing key staff functions for operational field commanders) who are expected to have acquisition responsibility, including oversight duties associated with contracts or contractors, during combat operations, post-conflict operations, and contingency operations.

(b) Scope of Training.—Training under subsection (a) shall be sufficient to ensure that the military personnel referred to in that subsection—

(1) understand the scope and scale of contractor support they will experience in contingency operations; and

(2) are prepared for their roles and responsibilities with regard to—

(A) requirements definition;

(B) program management (including contractor oversight); and

(Added and amended Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XVIII, §1810(a), (b)(5), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4162, 4163.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

The text of subsec. (e)(1) and (2) of section 2333 of this title, which was transferred to this section and amended by Pub. L. 116–283, §1810(b)(5), was based on Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title VIII, §849(a), Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 245.

Amendments

2021—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 116–283, §1810(b)(5)(A), (B), redesignated subsec. (e)(1) and (2) of section 2333 of this title as subsec. (a) of this section, in heading, substituted "Required Training" for "Training for Personnel Outside Acquisition Workforce", and, in text, struck out par. (1) designation at beginning and substituted "section 3151 of this title" for "subsection (a)". Par. (2) subsequently redesignated subsec. (b).

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 116–283, §1810(b)(5)(C), redesignated subsec. (a)(2) as (b), inserted heading, and substituted "Training under subsection (a)" for "Training under paragraph (1)" and "referred to in that subsection—" and pars. (1) and (2) for "referred to in that paragraph understand the scope and scale of contractor support they will experience in contingency operations and are prepared for their roles and responsibilities with regard to requirements definition, program management (including contractor oversight), and contingency contracting."

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

§3156. Mission readiness exercises

The joint policy required by section 3151 of this title shall also provide for the incorporation of contractors and contract operations in mission readiness exercises for operations that will include contracting and contractor support.

(Added and amended Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XVIII, §1810(a), (b)(6), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4162, 4164.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

The text of subsec. (e)(3) of section 2333 of this title, which was transferred to this section and amended by Pub. L. 116–283, §1810(b)(6), was based on Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title VIII, §849(a), Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 245.

Amendments

2021—Pub. L. 116–283, §1810(b)(6), transferred subsec. (e)(3) of section 2333 of this title to this section, struck out par. (3) designation at beginning, and inserted "required by section 3151 of this title" after "The joint policy".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

§3157. Definitions; applicability

In this subchapter:

(1) Requirements definition.—The term "requirements definition" means the process of translating policy objectives and mission needs into specific requirements, the description of which will be the basis for awarding acquisition contracts for projects to be accomplished, work to be performed, or products to be delivered.

(2) Contingency program management.—The term "contingency program management" means the process of planning, organizing, staffing, controlling, and leading the combined efforts of participating civilian and military personnel and organizations for the management of a specific defense acquisition program or programs during combat operations, post-conflict operations, and contingency operations.

(3) Contingency contracting.—The term "contingency contracting" means all stages of the process of acquiring property or services by the Department of Defense during a contingency operation.

(4) Contingency contracting personnel.—The term "contingency contracting personnel" means members of the armed forces and civilian employees of the Department of Defense who are members of the defense acquisition workforce and, as part of their duties, are assigned to provide support to contingency operations (whether deployed or not).

(Added and amended Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XVIII, §1810(a), (b)(7), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4162, 4164.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

The text of subsec. (f)(1), (2), (5), and (6) of section 2333 of this title, which was transferred to this section and amended by Pub. L. 116–283, §1810(b)(7), was based on Pub. L. 109–364, div. A, title VIII, §854(a)(1), Oct. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2343; Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title VIII, §849(a), Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 245.

Amendments

2021—Pub. L. 116–283, §1810(b)(7), redesignated pars. (6), (5), (2), and (1) of subsec. (f) of section 2333 of this title as pars. (1) to (4), respectively, of this section.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

SUBCHAPTER II—[RESERVED]

Sec.

3171.

[Reserved].

3172.

[Reserved].

Editorial Notes

Amendments

Pub. L. 117–81, div. A, title XVII, §1701(i)(2)(B), Dec. 27, 2021, 135 Stat. 2141, generally amended Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XVIII, §1810(d), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4164, which added this analysis, by substituting "[RESERVED]" for "OTHER PROVISIONS RELATING TO OPERATIONAL CONTRACT SUPPORT" in subchapter II heading and "[Reserved]" for "Contracts for property or services in support of a contingency operation: competition and review" in item 3171 and for "Operational contract support: chain of authority and responsibility within Department of Defense" in item 3172, thereby omitting this analysis.

§3171. [Reserved]

(Added Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XVIII, §1810(d), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4164; amended Pub. L. 117–81, div. A, title XVII, §1701(i)(2)(B), Dec. 27, 2021, 135 Stat. 2141.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2021—Pub. L. 117–81, §1701(i)(2)(B), amended Pub. L. 116–283, §1810(d), which enacted this section, by substituting "[Reserved]" for "Contracts for property or services in support of a contingency operation: competition and review" in section catchline.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2021 Amendment

Effective Date

§3172. [Reserved]

(Added Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XVIII, §1810(d), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4164; amended Pub. L. 117–81, div. A, title XVII, §1701(i)(2)(B), Dec. 27, 2021, 135 Stat. 2141.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2021—Pub. L. 117–81, §1701(i)(2)(B), amended Pub. L. 116–283, §1810(d), which enacted this section, by substituting "[Reserved]" for "Operational contract support: chain of authority and responsibility within Department of Defense" in section catchline.