SUBCHAPTER I—ECONOMIC AND DEMOCRATIC DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE FOR AFGHANISTAN

§7511. Declaration of policy

Congress makes the following declarations:

(1) The United States and the international community should support efforts that advance the development of democratic civil authorities and institutions in Afghanistan and the establishment of a new broad-based, multi-ethnic, gender-sensitive, and fully representative government in Afghanistan.

(2) The United States, in particular, should provide its expertise to meet immediate humanitarian and refugee needs, fight the production and flow of illicit narcotics, and aid in the reconstruction of Afghanistan.

(3) By promoting peace and security in Afghanistan and preventing a return to conflict, the United States and the international community can help ensure that Afghanistan does not again become a source for international terrorism.

(4) The United States should support the objectives agreed to on December 5, 2001, in Bonn, Germany, regarding the provisional arrangement for Afghanistan as it moves toward the establishment of permanent institutions and, in particular, should work intensively toward ensuring the future neutrality of Afghanistan, establishing the principle that neighboring countries and other countries in the region do not threaten or interfere in one another's sovereignty, territorial integrity, or political independence, including supporting diplomatic initiatives to support this goal.

(5) The special emergency situation in Afghanistan, which from the perspective of the American people combines security, humanitarian, political, law enforcement, and development imperatives, requires that the President should receive maximum flexibility in designing, coordinating, and administering efforts with respect to assistance for Afghanistan and that a temporary special program of such assistance should be established for this purpose.

(6) To foster stability and democratization and to effectively eliminate the causes of terrorism, the United States and the international community should also support efforts that advance the development of democratic civil authorities and institutions in the broader Central Asia region.

(Pub. L. 107–327, title I, §101, Dec. 4, 2002, 116 Stat. 2798.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Meaningful Inclusion of Afghan Women in Peace Negotiations

Pub. L. 116–92, div. A, title XII, §1216, Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 1633, provided that:

"(a) In General.—The Secretary of State, in coordination with the Secretary of Defense, shall seek to ensure the meaningful participation of Afghan women in the peace process in Afghanistan in a manner consistent with the Women, Peace, and Security Act of 2017 (22 U.S.C. 2152j et seq.), including through advocacy for the inclusion of Afghan women in ongoing and future negotiations to end the conflict in Afghanistan.

"(b) Report.—Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 20, 2019], the Secretary of State, in coordination with the Secretary of Defense, shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report describing the steps taken to fulfill the duties of the Secretary of State and the Secretary of Defense under subsection (a).

"(c) Appropriate Committees of Congress Defined.—In this section, the term 'appropriate committees of Congress' means—

"(1) the Committee on Armed Services and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate; and

"(2) the Committee on Armed Services and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives."

Consultations With Congress on a Bilateral Security Agreement With Afghanistan

Pub. L. 112–239, div. A, title XII, §1225, Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 1999, provided that:

"(a) Consultations Required.—Commencing not later than 30 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Jan. 2, 2013], the President shall consult periodically with the appropriate committees of Congress on the status of the negotiations on a bilateral security agreement between the United States of America and the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan. Such consultations shall include a briefing summarizing the purpose, objectives, and key issues relating to the agreement.

"(b) Availability of Agreement Text.—Before entering into any bilateral security agreement with Afghanistan, the President shall make available to the appropriate committees of Congress the text of such agreement.

"(c) Termination of Consultations.—The requirements of this section shall terminate on the date on which the United States and Afghanistan enter into a bilateral security agreement or the President notifies Congress that negotiations on such an agreement have been terminated.

"(d) Appropriate Committees of Congress Defined.—In this section, the term 'appropriate committees of Congress' means—

"(1) the Committee on Armed Services and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate; and

"(2) the Committee on Armed Services and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives."

Strategy for the United States Relationship With Afghanistan

Pub. L. 110–53, title XX, §2041, Aug. 3, 2007, 121 Stat. 518, provided that:

"(a) Congressional Findings.—Congress finds the following:

"(1) A democratic, stable, and prosperous Afghanistan is vital to the national security of the United States and to combating international terrorism.

"(2) Following the ouster of the Taliban regime in 2001, the Government of Afghanistan, with assistance from the United States and the international community, has achieved some notable successes, including—

"(A) adopting a constitution;

"(B) holding presidential, parliamentary, and provincial council elections;

"(C) improving the protection of human rights, including women's rights; and

"(D) expanding educational opportunities.

"(3) The following factors pose a serious and immediate threat to the stability of Afghanistan:

"(A) Taliban and anti-government forces, al Qaeda, and criminal networks.

"(B) Drug trafficking and corruption.

"(C) Weak institutions of administration, security, and justice, including pervasive lack of the rule of law.

"(D) Poverty, unemployment, and lack of provision of basic services.

"(4) The United States and the international community must significantly increase political, economic, and military support to Afghanistan to ensure its long-term stability and prosperity, and to deny violent extremist groups such as al Qaeda sanctuary in Afghanistan.

"(b) Statements of Policy.—The following shall be the policies of the United States:

"(1) The United States shall vigorously support the people and Government of Afghanistan as they continue to commit to the path toward a government representing and protecting the rights of all Afghans, and shall maintain its long-term commitment to the people of Afghanistan by increased assistance and the continued deployment of United States troops in Afghanistan as long as the Government of Afghanistan supports such United States involvement.

"(2) In order to reduce the ability of the Taliban and al Qaeda to finance their operations through the opium trade, the President shall engage aggressively with the Government of Afghanistan, countries in the region or otherwise influenced by the trade and transit of narcotics, as well as North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) partners of the United States, and in consultation with Congress, to assess the success of the current Afghan counter-narcotics strategy and to explore additional options for addressing the narcotics crisis in Afghanistan, including possible changes in rules of engagement for NATO and Coalition forces for participation in actions against narcotics trafficking and kingpins, and the provision of comprehensive assistance to farmers who rely on opium for their livelihood, including through the promotion of alternative crops and livelihoods.

"(3) The United States shall continue to work with and provide assistance to the Government of Afghanistan to strengthen local and national government institutions and the rule of law, including the training of judges and prosecutors, and to train and equip the Afghan National Security Forces.

"(4) The United States shall continue to call on NATO members participating in operations in Afghanistan to meet their commitments to provide forces and equipment, and to lift restrictions on how such forces can be deployed.

"(5) The United States shall continue to foster greater understanding and cooperation between the Governments of Afghanistan and Pakistan by taking the following actions:

"(A) Facilitating greater communication, including through official mechanisms such as the Tripartite Commission and the Joint Intelligence Operations Center, and by promoting other forms of exchange between the parliaments and civil society of the two countries.

"(B) Urging the Government of Afghanistan to enter into a political dialogue with Pakistan with respect to all issues relating to the border between the two countries, with the aim of establishing a mutually-recognized and monitored border, open to human and economic exchange, and with both countries fully responsible for border security.

"(c) Statement of Congress.—Congress strongly urges that the Afghanistan Freedom Support Act of 2002 (22 U.S.C. 7501 et seq.) be reauthorized and updated to take into account new developments in Afghanistan and in the region so as to demonstrate the continued support by the United States for the people and Government of Afghanistan.

"(d) Emergency Increase in Effective Police Training and Policing Operations.—

"(1) Congressional finding.—Congress finds that police training programs in Afghanistan have achieved far less return on substantial investment to date and require a substantive review and justification of the means and purposes of such assistance, consequent to any provision of additional resources.

"(2) Assistance authorized.—The President shall make increased efforts, on an urgent basis, to—

"(A) dramatically improve the capability and effectiveness of United States and international police trainers, mentors, and police personnel for police training programs in Afghanistan, as well as develop a pretraining screening program;

"(B) increase the numbers of such trainers, mentors, and personnel only if such increase is determined to improve the performance and capabilities of the Afghanistan civil security forces; and

"(C) assist the Government of Afghanistan, in conjunction with the Afghanistan civil security forces and their leadership, in addressing the corruption crisis that is threatening to undermine Afghanistan's future.

"(3) Report.—Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Aug. 3, 2007], and every 6 months thereafter until September 30, 2010, the President shall transmit to the appropriate congressional committees a report on United States efforts to fulfill the requirements of this subsection. The report required by this paragraph may be transmitted concurrently with any similar report required by the Afghanistan Freedom Support Act of 2002 [22 U.S.C. 7501 et seq.]."

[For definition of "appropriate congressional committees" as used in section 2041 of Pub. L. 110–53, set out above, see section 2002 of Pub. L. 110–53, set out as a note under section 2151 of this title.]

[For assignment of functions of President under section 2041(d)(3) of Pub. L. 110–53, set out above, see Memorandum of President of the United States, Sept. 28, 2007, 72 F.R. 56871, set out as a note under section 2228 of this title.]

Coordination of Assistance

Pub. L. 108–458, title VII, §7104(b), Dec. 17, 2004, 118 Stat. 3780, provided that:

"(1) Findings.—Consistent with the report of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States, Congress makes the following findings:

"(A) The United States and its allies in the international community have made progress in promoting economic and political reform within Afghanistan, including the establishment of a central government with a democratic constitution, a new currency, and a new army, the increase of personal freedom, and the elevation of the standard of living of many Afghans.

"(B) A number of significant obstacles must be overcome if Afghanistan is to become a secure and prosperous democracy, and such a transition depends in particular upon—

"(i) improving security throughout the country;

"(ii) disarming and demobilizing militias;

"(iii) curtailing the rule of the warlords;

"(iv) promoting equitable economic development;

"(v) protecting the human rights of the people of Afghanistan;

"(vi) continuing to hold elections for public officials; and

"(vii) ending the cultivation, production, and trafficking of narcotics.

"(C) The United States and the international community must make a long-term commitment to addressing the unstable security situation in Afghanistan and the burgeoning narcotics trade, endemic poverty, and other serious problems in Afghanistan in order to prevent that country from relapsing into a sanctuary for international terrorism.

"(2) Sense of congress.—It is the sense of Congress that the United States Government should take, with respect to Afghanistan, the following actions:

"(A) Work with other nations to obtain long-term security, political, and financial commitments and fulfillment of pledges to the Government of Afghanistan to accomplish the objectives of the Afghanistan Freedom Support Act of 2002 (22 U.S.C. 7501 et seq.), especially to ensure a secure, democratic, and prosperous Afghanistan that respects the rights of its citizens and is free of international terrorist organizations.

"(B) Use the voice and vote of the United States in relevant international organizations, including the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and the United Nations Security Council, to strengthen international commitments to assist the Government of Afghanistan in enhancing security, building national police and military forces, increasing counter-narcotics efforts, and expanding infrastructure and public services throughout the country.

"(C) Take appropriate steps to increase the assistance provided under programs of the Department of State and the United States Agency for International Development throughout Afghanistan and to increase the number of personnel of those agencies in Afghanistan as necessary to support the increased assistance."

Declarations of General Policy

Pub. L. 108–458, title VII, §7104(e)(2), Dec. 17, 2004, 118 Stat. 3782, provided that: "Congress makes the following declarations:

"(A) The United States reaffirms the support that it and other countries expressed for the report entitled 'Securing Afghanistan's Future' in their Berlin Declaration of April 2004. The United States should help enable the growth needed to create an economically sustainable Afghanistan capable of the poverty reduction and social development foreseen in the report.

"(B) The United States supports the parliamentary elections to be held in Afghanistan by April 2005 and will help ensure that such elections are not undermined, including by warlords or narcotics traffickers.

"(C) The United States continues to urge North Atlantic Treaty Organization members and other friendly countries to make much greater military contributions toward securing the peace in Afghanistan."

§7512. Purposes of assistance

The purposes of assistance authorized by this subchapter are—

(1) to help assure the security of the United States and the world by reducing or eliminating the likelihood of violence against United States or allied forces in Afghanistan and to reduce the chance that Afghanistan will again be a source of international terrorism;

(2) to support the continued efforts of the United States and the international community to address the humanitarian crisis in Afghanistan and among Afghan refugees in neighboring countries;

(3) to fight the production and flow of illicit narcotics, to control the flow of precursor chemicals used in the production of heroin, and to enhance and bolster the capacities of Afghan governmental authorities to control poppy cultivation and related activities;

(4) to help achieve a broad-based, multi-ethnic, gender-sensitive, and fully representative government in Afghanistan that is freely chosen by the people of Afghanistan and that respects the human rights of all Afghans, particularly women, including authorizing assistance for the rehabilitation and reconstruction of Afghanistan with a particular emphasis on meeting the educational, health, and sustenance needs of women and children to better enable their full participation in Afghan society;

(5) to support the Government of Afghanistan in its development of the capacity to facilitate, organize, develop, and implement projects and activities that meet the needs of the Afghan people;

(6) to foster the participation of civil society in the establishment of the new Afghan government in order to achieve a broad-based, multi-ethnic, gender-sensitive, fully representative government freely chosen by the Afghan people, without prejudice to any decisions which may be freely taken by the Afghan people about the precise form in which their government is to be organized in the future;

(7) to support the reconstruction of Afghanistan through, among other things, programs that create jobs, facilitate clearance of landmines, and rebuild the agriculture sector, the health care system, and the educational system of Afghanistan;

(8) to provide resources to the Ministry for Women's Affairs of Afghanistan to carry out its responsibilities for legal advocacy, education, vocational training, and women's health programs; and

(9) to foster the growth of a pluralistic society that promotes and respects religious freedom.

(Pub. L. 107–327, title I, §102, Dec. 4, 2002, 116 Stat. 2798.)

§7513. Authorization of assistance

(a) In general

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the President is authorized to provide assistance for Afghanistan for the following activities:

(1) Urgent humanitarian needs

To assist in meeting the urgent humanitarian needs of the people of Afghanistan, including assistance such as—

(A) emergency food, shelter, and medical assistance;

(B) clean drinking water and sanitation;

(C) preventative health care, including childhood vaccination, therapeutic feeding, maternal child health services, and infectious diseases surveillance and treatment;

(D) family tracing and reunification services; and

(E) clearance of landmines and other unexploded ordinance.¹

(2) Repatriation and resettlement of refugees and internally displaced persons

To assist refugees and internally displaced persons as they return to their home communities in Afghanistan and to support their reintegration into those communities, including assistance such as—

(A) assistance identified in paragraph (1);

(B) assistance to communities, including those in neighboring countries, that have taken in large numbers of refugees in order to rehabilitate or expand social, health, and educational services that may have suffered as a result of the influx of large numbers of refugees;

(C) assistance to international organizations and host governments in maintaining security by screening refugees to ensure the exclusion of armed combatants, members of foreign terrorist organizations, and other individuals not eligible for economic assistance from the United States; and

(D) assistance for voluntary refugee repatriation and reintegration inside Afghanistan and continued assistance to those refugees who are unable or unwilling to return, and humanitarian assistance to internally displaced persons, including those persons who need assistance to return to their homes, through the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and other organizations charged with providing such assistance.

(3) Counternarcotics efforts

(A) To assist in the eradication of poppy cultivation, the disruption of heroin production, and the reduction of the overall supply and demand for illicit narcotics in Afghanistan and the region, with particular emphasis on assistance to—

(i) eradicate opium poppy, promote alternatives to poppy cultivation, including the introduction of high value crops that are suitable for export and the provision of appropriate technical assistance and credit mechanisms for farmers, purchase nonopium products from farmers in opium-growing areas, quick-impact public works programs to divert labor from narcotics production, develop projects directed specifically at narcotics production, processing, or trafficking areas to provide incentives to cooperation in narcotics suppression activities, and related programs;

(ii) establish or provide assistance to one or more entities within the Government of Afghanistan, including the Afghan State High Commission for Drug Control, and to provide training and equipment for the entities, to help enforce counternarcotics laws in Afghanistan and limit illicit narcotics growth, production, and trafficking in Afghanistan, and to create special counternarcotics courts, prosecutors, and places of incarceration;

(iii) train and provide equipment for customs, police, and other border control entities in Afghanistan and the region relating to illicit narcotics interdiction and relating to precursor chemical controls and interdiction to help disrupt heroin production in Afghanistan and the region, in particular, notwithstanding section 2420 of this title, by providing non-lethal equipment, training (including training in internationally recognized standards of human rights, the rule of law, anti-corruption, and the promotion of civilian police roles that support democracy), and payments, during fiscal years 2005 through 2008, for salaries for special counternarcotics police and supporting units;

(iv) continue the annual opium crop survey and strategic studies on opium crop planting and farming in Afghanistan;

(v) reduce demand for illicit narcotics among the people of Afghanistan, including refugees returning to Afghanistan; and

(vi) assist the Afghan National Army with respect to any of the activities under this paragraph.

(B) For each of the fiscal years 2003 through 2006, $15,000,000 is authorized to be appropriated to the President to be made available for a contribution to the United Nations Drug Control Program for the purpose of carrying out activities described in clauses (i) through (v) of subparagraph (A). Amounts made available under the preceding sentence are in addition to amounts otherwise available for such purposes.

(4) Reestablishment of food security, rehabilitation of the agriculture sector, improvement in health conditions, and the reconstruction of basic infrastructure

To assist in expanding access to markets in Afghanistan, to increase the availability of food in markets in Afghanistan, to rehabilitate the agriculture sector in Afghanistan by creating jobs for former combatants, returning refugees, and internally displaced persons, to improve health conditions, and assist in the rebuilding of basic infrastructure in Afghanistan, including assistance such as—

(A) rehabilitation of the agricultural infrastructure, including irrigation systems and rural roads;

(B) extension of credit;

(C) provision of critical agricultural inputs, such as seeds, tools, and fertilizer, and strengthening of seed multiplication, certification, and distribution systems;

(D) improvement in the quantity and quality of water available through, among other things, rehabilitation of existing irrigation systems and the development of local capacity to manage irrigation systems;

(E) livestock rehabilitation through market development and other mechanisms to distribute stocks to replace those stocks lost as a result of conflict or drought;

(F) mine awareness and demining programs and programs to assist mine victims, war orphans, and widows;

(G) programs relating to infant and young child feeding, immunizations, vitamin A supplementation, and prevention and treatment of diarrheal diseases and respiratory infections;

(H) programs to improve maternal and child health and reduce maternal and child mortality;

(I) programs to improve hygienic and sanitation practices and for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases, such as tuberculosis and malaria;

(J) programs to reconstitute the delivery of health care, including the reconstruction of health clinics or other basic health infrastructure, with particular emphasis on health care for children who are orphans;

(K) programs for housing (including repairing homes damaged during military operations), rebuilding urban infrastructure, and supporting basic urban services;

(L) disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration of armed combatants into society, particularly child soldiers; and

(M) assistance in identifying and surveying key road and rail routes that are essential for economic renewal in Afghanistan and the region and support for the establishment of a customs service and training for customs officers.

(5) Education, the rule of law, and related issues

(A) Education

To assist in the development of the capacity of the Government of Afghanistan to provide education to the people of Afghanistan, including assistance such as—

(i) support for an educated citizenry through improved access to basic education, with particular emphasis on basic education for children, especially orphans;

(ii) programs to enable the Government of Afghanistan to recruit and train teachers, with special focus on the recruitment and training of female teachers;

(iii) programs to enable the Government of Afghanistan to develop school curricula that incorporate relevant information such as landmine awareness, food security and agricultural education, civic education, and human rights education, including education relating to religious freedom;

(iv) programs to construct, renovate, or rebuild, and to equip and provide teacher training, for primary schools, secondary schools, and universities; and

(v) programs to increase educational exchanges and partnerships between the United States and Afghanistan.

(B) Rule of law

To assist in the development of the rule of law and good governance and reduced corruption in Afghanistan, including assistance such as—

(i) support for the activities of the Government of Afghanistan to implement its constitution, to develop modern legal codes and court rules, to provide for the creation of legal assistance programs, and other initiatives to promote the rule of law in Afghanistan;

(ii) support for improvements in the capacity and physical infrastructure of the justice system in Afghanistan, such as for professional training (including for women) to improve the administration of justice, for programs to enhance prosecutorial and judicial capabilities and to protect participants in judicial cases, for improvements in the instruction of law enforcement personnel (including human rights training), and for the promotion of civilian police roles that support democracy;

(iii) support for rehabilitation and rebuilding of courthouses and detention facilities;

(iv) support for the effective administration of justice at the national, regional, and local levels, including programs to improve penal institutions and the rehabilitation of prisoners, and to establish a responsible and community-based police force;

(v) support to increase the transparency, accountability, and participatory nature of governmental institutions, including programs designed to combat corruption and other programs for the promotion of good governance, such as the development of regulations relating to financial disclosure for public officials, political parties, and candidates for public office, and transparent budgeting processes and financial management systems;

(vi) support for establishment of a central bank and central budgeting authority;

(vii) support for international organizations that provide civil advisers to the Government of Afghanistan; and

(viii) support for Afghan and international efforts to investigate human rights atrocities committed in Afghanistan by the Taliban regime, opponents of such regime, and terrorist groups operating in Afghanistan, including the collection of forensic evidence relating to such atrocities.

(C) Civil society and democracy

To support the development of democratic institutions in Afghanistan, including assistance for—

(i) international monitoring and observing of, and the promotion of, free and fair elections;

(ii) strengthening democratic political parties;

(iii) international exchanges and professional training for members or officials of government, political, and civic or other nongovernmental entities;

(iv) national, regional, and local elections and political party development;

(v) an independent media;

(vi) programs that support the expanded participation of women and members of all ethnic groups in government at national, regional, and local levels; and

(vii) programs to strengthen civil society organizations that promote human rights, including religious freedom, freedom of expression, and freedom of association, and support human rights monitoring.

(D) Protection of sites

To provide for the protection of Afghanistan's culture, history, and national identity, including the rehabilitation of Afghanistan's museums and sites of cultural significance.

(6) Market economy

To support the establishment of a market economy, the establishment of private financial institutions, the adoption of policies to promote foreign direct investment, the development of a basic telecommunication infrastructure, and the development of trade and other commercial links with countries in the region and with the United States, including policies to—

(A) encourage the return of Afghanistan citizens or nationals living abroad who have marketable and business-related skills;

(B) establish financial institutions, including credit unions, cooperatives, and other entities providing microenterprise credits and other income-generation programs for the poor, with particular emphasis on women;

(C) facilitate expanded trade with countries in the region;

(D) promote and foster respect for basic workers' rights and protections against exploitation of child labor;

(E) develop handicraft and other small-scale industries; and

(F) provide financing programs for the reconstruction of Kabul and other major cities in Afghanistan.

(7) Assistance to women and girls

(A) Assistance objectives

To assist women and girls in Afghanistan in the areas of political and human rights, health care, education, training, security, and shelter, with particular emphasis on assistance—

(i) to support construction of, provide equipment and medical supplies to, and otherwise facilitate the establishment and rehabilitation of, health care facilities in order to improve the health care of women, children, and infants;

(ii) to expand immunization programs for women and children;

(iii) to establish, maintain, and expand primary and secondary schools for girls that include mathematics, science, and languages in their primary curriculum;

(iv) to develop and expand technical and vocational training programs and income-generation projects for women;

(v) to provide special educational opportunities for girls whose schooling was ended by the Taliban, and to support the ability of women to have access to higher education;

(vi) to develop and implement programs to protect women and girls against sexual and physical abuse, abduction, trafficking, exploitation, and sex discrimination in the delivery of humanitarian supplies and services;

(vii) to provide emergency shelters for women and girls who face danger from violence;

(viii) to direct humanitarian assistance to widows, who make up a very large and needy population in war-torn Afghanistan;

(ix) to support the work of women-led and local nongovernmental organizations with demonstrated experience in delivering services to Afghan women and children;

(x) to disseminate information throughout Afghanistan on the rights of women and on international standards of human rights, including the rights of religious freedom, freedom of expression, and freedom of association;

(xi) to provide women's rights and human rights training for military, police, and legal personnel; and

(xii) to support the Afghan Independent Human Rights Commission in programs to promote women's rights and human rights, including the rights of religious freedom, freedom of expression, and freedom of association, and in the investigation and monitoring of women's rights and human rights abuses.

(B) Availability of funds

For each of the fiscal years 2003 through 2006—

(i) $15,000,000 is authorized to be appropriated to the President to be made available to the Afghan Ministry of Women's Affairs; and

(ii) $5,000,000 is authorized to be appropriated to the President to be made available to the National Human Rights Commission of Afghanistan.

(C) Relation to other available funds

Amounts made available under subparagraph (B) are in addition to amounts otherwise available for such purposes.

(b) Limitation

(1) In general

Amounts made available to carry out this subchapter (except amounts made available for assistance under paragraphs (1) through (3) and subparagraphs (F) through (I) of paragraph (4) of subsection (a)) may be provided only if the President first determines and certifies to Congress with respect to the fiscal year involved that progress is being made toward adopting a constitution and establishing a democratically elected government for Afghanistan that respects human rights.

(2) Waiver

(A) In general

The President may waive the application of paragraph (1) if the President first determines and certifies to Congress that it is important to the national interest of the United States to do so.

(B) Contents of certification

A certification transmitted to Congress under subparagraph (A) shall include a written explanation of the basis for the determination of the President to waive the application of paragraph (1).

(c) Enterprise fund

(1) Authorization of appropriations

In addition to funds otherwise available for such purpose, there are authorized to be appropriated to the President for an enterprise fund for Afghanistan $300,000,000. The provisions contained in section 5421 of this title (excluding the authorizations of appropriations provided in subsection (b) of that section) shall apply with respect to such enterprise fund and to funds made available to such enterprise fund under this subsection.

(2) Availability of funds

Amounts appropriated pursuant to paragraph (1) are authorized to remain available until expended.

(d) Monitoring of assistance for Afghanistan

(1) Report

(A) In general

The Secretary of State, in consultation with the Administrator for the United States Agency for International Development, shall submit to the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate and the Committee on International Relations of the House of Representatives a report on the obligations of United States assistance for Afghanistan from all United States Government departments and agencies.

(B) Contents

Each such report shall set forth, for the preceding annual period and cumulatively, a description of—

(i) the activities and the purposes for which funds were obligated;

(ii) the source of the funds stated specifically by fiscal year, agency, and program;

(iii) the participation of each United States Government department or agency; and

(iv) such other information as the Secretary considers appropriate to fully inform Congress on such matters.

(C) Additional requirements

The first report submitted under this paragraph shall include a cumulative account of information described in subparagraph (B) from all prior periods beginning with fiscal year 2001. The first report under this paragraph shall be submitted not later than March 15, 2005. Subsequent reports shall be submitted every 12 months thereafter and may be included in the report required under section 7536(c)(2) ² of this title.

(2) Submission of information for report

The head of each United States Government agency referred to in paragraph (1) shall provide on a timely basis to the Secretary of State such information as the Secretary may reasonably require to allow the Secretary to prepare and submit the report required under paragraph (1).

(Pub. L. 107–327, title I, §103, Dec. 4, 2002, 116 Stat. 2799; Pub. L. 108–458, title VII, §7104(e)(1)(B), (f)(2)–(g), (j)(1), (k)(2), Dec. 17, 2004, 118 Stat. 3782, 3783, 3785, 3787, 3788.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Section 7536 of this title, referred to in subsec. (d)(1)(C), was omitted from the Code.

Amendments

2004—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 108–458, §7104(e)(1)(B), substituted "any other" for "section 512 of Public Law 107–115 or any other similar" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (a)(3)(A)(i). Pub. L. 108–458, §7104(j)(1)(A), substituted "promote alternatives to poppy cultivation, including the introduction of high value crops that are suitable for export and the provision of appropriate technical assistance and credit mechanisms for farmers," for "establish crop substitution programs,".

Subsec. (a)(3)(A)(ii). Pub. L. 108–458, §7104(j)(1)(B), inserted ", and to create special counternarcotics courts, prosecutors, and places of incarceration" before semicolon at end.

Subsec. (a)(3)(A)(iii). Pub. L. 108–458, §7104(j)(1)(C), inserted before semicolon at end ", in particular, notwithstanding section 2420 of this title, by providing non-lethal equipment, training (including training in internationally recognized standards of human rights, the rule of law, anti-corruption, and the promotion of civilian police roles that support democracy), and payments, during fiscal years 2005 through 2008, for salaries for special counternarcotics police and supporting units".

Subsec. (a)(3)(A)(vi). Pub. L. 108–458, §7104(j)(1)(D)–(F), added cl. (vi).

Subsec. (a)(4)(M). Pub. L. 108–458, §7104(f)(3), added subpar. (M).

Subsec. (a)(5). Pub. L. 108–458, §7104(f)(2), amended heading and text of par. (5) generally, substituting provisions relating to education, the rule of law, and related issues, for provisions relating to reestablishment of Afghanistan as a viable nation-state.

Subsec. (a)(7)(A)(xii). Pub. L. 108–458, §7104(k)(2), substituted "Afghan Independent" for "National".

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 108–458, §7104(g), added subsec. (d).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Change of Name

Committee on International Relations of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Foreign Affairs of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 6, One Hundred Tenth Congress, Jan. 5, 2007.

Plan Required To Promote Security of Afghan Women and Girls

Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title XV, §1521(c)(2), Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2576, provided that:

"(A) In general.—The Secretary of Defense, with the concurrence of the Secretary of State, shall support, to the extent practicable, the efforts of the Government of Afghanistan to promote the security of Afghan women and girls during and after the security transition process through the development and implementation by the Government of Afghanistan of an Afghan-led plan that should include the elements described in this paragraph.

"(B) Training.—The Secretary of Defense, with the concurrence of the Secretary of State and working with the NATO-led Resolute Support mission, should encourage the Government of Afghanistan to develop—

"(i) measures for the evaluation of the effectiveness of existing training for Afghan National Security Forces on this issue;

"(ii) a plan to increase the number of female security officers specifically trained to address cases of gender-based violence, including ensuring the Afghan National Police's Family Response Units have the necessary resources and are available to women across Afghanistan;

"(iii) mechanisms to enhance the capacity for units of National Police's Family Response Units to fulfill their mandate as well as indicators measuring the operational effectiveness of these units;

"(iv) a plan to address the development of accountability mechanisms for Afghanistan National Army and Afghanistan National Police personnel who violate codes of conduct relating to the human rights of women and girls, including female members of the Afghan National Security Forces;

"(v) a plan to address the development of accountability mechanisms for Afghanistan National Army and Afghanistan National Police personnel who violate codes of conduct relating to protecting children from sexual abuse; and

"(vi) a plan to develop training for the Afghanistan National Army and the Afghanistan National Police to increase awareness and responsiveness among Afghanistan National Army and Afghanistan National Police personnel regarding the unique security challenges women confront when serving in those forces.

"(C) Enrollment and treatment.—The Secretary of Defense, with the concurrence of the Secretary of State and in cooperation with the Afghan Ministries of Defense and Interior, shall seek to assist the Government of Afghanistan in including as part of the plan developed under subparagraph (A) the development and implementation of a plan to increase the number of female members of the Afghanistan National Army and the Afghanistan National Police and to promote their equal treatment, including through such steps as providing appropriate equipment, modifying facilities, and ensuring literacy and gender awareness training for recruits.

"(D) Allocation of funds.—

"(i) In general.—Of the funds available to the Department of Defense for the Afghan Security Forces Fund for fiscal year 2017, it is the goal that $25,000,000, but in no event less than $10,000,000, shall be used for—

"(I) the recruitment, integration, retention, training, and treatment of women in the Afghan National Security Forces; and

"(II) the recruitment, training, and contracting of female security personnel for future elections.

"(ii) Types of programs and activities.—Such programs and activities may include—

"(I) efforts to recruit women into the Afghan National Security Forces, including the special operations forces;

"(II) programs and activities of the Afghan Ministry of Defense Directorate of Human Rights and Gender Integration and the Afghan Ministry of Interior Office of Human Rights, Gender and Child Rights;

"(III) development and dissemination of gender and human rights educational and training materials and programs within the Afghan Ministry of Defense and the Afghan Ministry of Interior;

"(IV) efforts to address harassment and violence against women within the Afghan National Security Forces;

"(V) improvements to infrastructure that address the requirements of women serving in the Afghan National Security Forces, including appropriate equipment for female security and police forces, and transportation for policewomen to their station;

"(VI) support for Afghanistan National Police Family Response Units; and

"(VII) security provisions for high-profile female police and army officers."

Similar provisions were contained in the following prior appropriation act:

Pub. L. 114–92, div. A, title XV, §1531(c)(2), Nov. 25, 2015, 129 Stat. 1089.

Authority To Establish a Program To Develop and Carry Out Infrastructure Projects in Afghanistan

Pub. L. 111–383, div. A, title XII, §1217, Jan. 7, 2011, 124 Stat. 4393, as amended by Pub. L. 112–81, div. A, title XII, §1217, Dec. 31, 2011, 125 Stat. 1632; Pub. L. 112–239, div. A, title XII, §1219, Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 1991; Pub. L. 113–66, div. A, title XII, §1215(a), Dec. 26, 2013, 127 Stat. 907; Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title VIII, §813(e), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 1851, provided that:

"(a) Authority.—The Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of State are authorized to establish a program to develop and carry out infrastructure projects in Afghanistan in accordance with the requirements of this section.

"(b) Formulation and Execution of Program.—

"(1) In general.—The Secretary of State and the Secretary of Defense shall jointly develop any project under the program authorized under subsection (a). Except as provided in paragraph (2), the Secretary of State, in coordination with the Secretary of Defense, shall implement any project under the program authorized under subsection (a).

"(2) Exception.—The Secretary of Defense shall implement a project under the program authorized under subsection (a) if the Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of State jointly determine that the Secretary of Defense should implement the project.

"(c) Types of Projects.—Infrastructure projects under the program authorized under subsection (a) may include—

"(1) water, power, and transportation projects; and

"(2) other projects in support of the counterinsurgency strategy in Afghanistan.

"(d) Authority in Addition to Other Authorities.—The authority to establish the program and develop and carry out infrastructure projects under subsection (a) is in addition to any other authority to provide assistance to foreign countries.

"(e) Applicability of Certain Administrative Provisions.—

"(1) In general.—The administrative provisions of chapter 2 of part III of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2381 et seq.) shall apply to funds made available to the Secretary of State for purposes of carrying out infrastructure projects under the program authorized under subsection (a) to the same extent and in the same manner as such administrative provisions apply to funds made available to carry out part I of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151 et seq.).

"(2) Gifts, etc.—The Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of State may accept and use in furtherance of the purposes of this section, money, funds, property, and services of any kind made available by gift, devise, bequest, grant, or otherwise for such purposes.

"(f) Funding.—

"(1) In general.—Subject to paragraph (2), to carry out the program authorized under subsection (a), the Secretary of Defense may use amounts as follows:

"(A) Up to $400,000,000 made available to the Department of Defense for operation and maintenance for fiscal year 2012.

"(B) Up to $350,000,000 made available to the Department of Defense for operation and maintenance for fiscal year 2013.

"(C) Up to $250,000,000 made available to the Department of Defense for operation and maintenance for fiscal year 2014.

"(2) Limitation.—The Secretary of Defense may use not more than 50 percent of the amount specified in paragraph (1) for a fiscal year after fiscal year 2011 to carry out the program authorized under subsection (a) until the Secretary of Defense, in consultation with the Secretary of State, submits to the appropriate congressional committees a plan for the allocation and use of funds under the program for such fiscal year, including for each project, or phase of a project, to be initiated during such fiscal year the following:

"(A) An estimate of the financial and other requirements necessary to sustain such project on an annual basis after the completion of such project.

"(B) An assessment whether the Government of Afghanistan is committed to and has the capacity to maintain and use such project after its completion.

"(C) An assessment of the capability of the Afghan National Security Forces (ANSF) to provide security for such project after January 1, 2015, including an estimate of the ANSF force levels, if any, required to secure such project. Such assessment should include the estimated costs of providing security and whether or not the Government of Afghanistan is committed to providing such security.

"(D) A description of any arrangements for the sustainment of such project following its completion if the Government of Afghanistan lacks the capacity (in either financial or human resources) to maintain such project.

"(3) Availability.—Funds made available by paragraph (1) are authorized to remain available as follows:

"(A) In the case of funds for fiscal year 2011, until September 30, 2012.

"(B) In the case of funds for fiscal year 2012, until September 30, 2013.

"(C) In the case of funds for fiscal year 2013, until September 30, 2014.

"(D) In the case of funds for fiscal year 2014, until September 30, 2015.

"(g) Congressional Notification.—The Secretary of Defense shall notify the appropriate congressional committees not less than 15 days before obligating or expending funds to carry out a project or transferring funds to the Secretary of State for the purpose of implementing a project under the program authorized under subsection (a). Such notification shall be in writing and contain a description of the details of the proposed project, including—

"(1) a plan for the sustainment of the project; and

"(2) a description of how the project supports the counterinsurgency strategy in Afghanistan.

"(h) Return of Unexpended Funds.—

"(1) In general.—Any unexpended funds transferred to the Secretary of State for the purpose of implementing a project under the program authorized under subsection (a) shall be returned to the Secretary of Defense if the Secretary of State, in coordination with the Secretary of Defense, determines that the project cannot be implemented for any reason or that the project no longer supports the counterinsurgency strategy in Afghanistan.

"(2) Availability.—Any funds returned to the Secretary of Defense under this subsection shall be available for use under this section and shall be treated in the same manner as funds not transferred to the Secretary of State.

"[(i) Repealed. Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title VIII, §813(e), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 1851.]

"(j) Definition.—In this section, the term 'appropriate congressional committees' means—

"(1) the Committee on Armed Services, the Committee on Foreign Affairs, and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives; and

"(2) the Committee on Armed Services, the Committee on Foreign Relations, and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate."

[Pub. L. 113–66, div. A, title XII, §1215(b), Dec. 26, 2013, 127 Stat. 908, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending section 1217 of Pub. L. 111–383, set out above] shall take effect on October 1, 2013."]

Performance Monitoring System for United States-Led Provincial Reconstruction Teams in Afghanistan

Pub. L. 110–417, [div. A], title XII, §1215, Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4632, provided that:

"(a) In General.—The President, acting through the Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of State, shall develop and implement a system to monitor the performance of United States-led Provincial Reconstruction Teams (PRTs) in Afghanistan.

"(b) Elements of Performance Monitoring System.—The performance monitoring system required under subsection (a) shall include—

"(1) PRT-specific work plans that incorporate the long-term strategy, mission, and clearly defined objectives required by section 1230(c)(3) of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2008 (Public Law 110–181; 122 Stat. 386), and include plans for developing the capacity of national, provincial, and local government and other civil institutions in Afghanistan to assume increasing responsibility for the formulation, implementation, and oversight of reconstruction and development activities; and

"(2) comprehensive performance indicators and measures of progress toward sustainable long-term security and stability in Afghanistan, and include performance standards and progress goals together with a notional timetable for achieving such goals, consistent with the requirements of section 1230(d) of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2008 (Public Law 110–181; 122 Stat. 388).

"(c) Report.—Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 14, 2008], the President shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report on the implementation of the performance monitoring system required under subsection (a).

"(d) Appropriate Congressional Committees Defined.—In this section, the term 'appropriate congressional committees' means—

"(1) the Committee on Armed Services, the Committee on Appropriations, and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives; and

"(2) the Committee on Armed Services, the Committee on Appropriations, and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate."

Declarations of Policy

Pub. L. 108–458, title VII, §7104(e)(1)(A), Dec. 17, 2004, 118 Stat. 3781, provided that: "Congress reaffirms the authorities contained in title I of the Afghanistan Freedom Support Act of 2002 (22 U.S.C. 7501 [7511] et seq.), relating to economic and democratic development assistance for Afghanistan."

Pub. L. 108–458, title VII, §7104(f)(1), Dec. 17, 2004, 118 Stat. 3783, provided that: "Congress declares that, although Afghanistan has adopted a new constitution and made progress on primary education, the United States must invest in a concerted effort in Afghanistan to improve the rule of law, good governance, and effective policing, to accelerate work on secondary and university education systems, and to establish new initiatives to increase the capacity of civil society."

Relief for Afghan Women and Children

Pub. L. 107–81, Dec. 12, 2001, 115 Stat. 811, provided that:

"SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

"This Act may be cited as the 'Afghan Women and Children Relief Act of 2001'.

"SEC. 2. FINDINGS.

"Congress makes the following findings:

"(1) In Afghanistan, Taliban restrictions on women's participation in society make it nearly impossible for women to exercise their basic human rights. The Taliban restrictions on Afghan women's freedom of expression, association, and movement deny women full participation in society and, consequently, from effectively securing basic access to work, education, and health care.

"(2) Afghanistan has one of the highest infant (165 of 1000) and child (257 of 1000) mortality rates in the world.

"(3) Only 5 percent of rural and 39 percent of urban Afghans have access to safe drinking water.

"(4) It is estimated that 42 percent of all deaths in Afghanistan are due to diarrheal diseases caused by contaminated food and water.

"(5) Over one-third of Afghan children under 5 years of age suffer from malnutrition, 85,000 of whom die annually.

"(6) Seventy percent of the health care system in Afghanistan is dependent on foreign assistance.

"(7) As of May 1998, only 20 percent of hospital medical and surgical beds dedicated to adults were available for women, and thousands of Afghan women and girls are routinely denied health care.

"(8) Women are forbidden to leave their homes without being escorted by a male relative. This prevents many women from seeking basic necessities like health care and food for their children. Doctors, virtually all of whom are male, are also not permitted to provide certain types of care not deemed appropriate by the Taliban.

"(9) Before the Taliban took control of Kabul, schools were coeducational, with women accounting for 70 percent of the teaching force. Women represented about 50 percent of the civil service corps, and 40 percent of the city's physicians were women. Today, the Taliban prohibits women from working as teachers, doctors, and in any other occupation.

"(10) The Taliban prohibit [sic] girls and women from attending school. In 1998, the Taliban ordered the closing of more than 100 privately funded schools where thousands of young women and girls were receiving education and training in skills that would have helped them support themselves and their families.

"(11) Of the many tens of thousands of war widows in Afghanistan, many are forced to beg for food and to sell their possessions because they are not allowed to work.

"(12) Resistance movements courageously continue to educate Afghan girls in secrecy and in foreign countries against Taliban law.

"SEC. 3. AUTHORIZATION OF ASSISTANCE.

"(a) In General.—Subject to subsection (b), the President is authorized, on such terms and conditions as the President may determine, to provide educational and health care assistance for the women and children living in Afghanistan and as refugees in neighboring countries.

"(b) Implementation.—(1) In providing assistance under subsection (a), the President shall ensure that such assistance is provided in a manner that protects and promotes the human rights of all people in Afghanistan, utilizing indigenous institutions and nongovernmental organizations, especially women's organizations, to the extent possible.

"(2) Beginning 6 months after the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 12, 2001], and at least annually for the 2 years thereafter, the Secretary of State shall submit a report to the Committee on Appropriations and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate and the Committee on Appropriations and the Committee on International Relations [now Committee on Foreign Affairs] of the House of Representatives describing the activities carried out under this Act and otherwise describing the condition and status of women and children in Afghanistan and the persons in refugee camps while United States aid is given to displaced Afghans.

"(c) Availability of Funds.—Funds made available under the 2001 Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act for Recovery from and Response to Terrorist Attacks on the United States (Public Law 107–38) [115 Stat. 220], shall be available to carry out this Act."

¹ So in original. Probably should be "ordnance."

² See References in Text note below.

§7514. Coordination of assistance

(a) In general

The President shall designate, within the Department of State, a coordinator who shall be responsible for—

(1) designing an overall strategy to advance United States interests in Afghanistan;

(2) ensuring program and policy coordination among agencies of the United States Government in carrying out the policies set forth in this subchapter;

(3) pursuing coordination with other countries and international organizations with respect to assistance to Afghanistan;

(4) ensuring that United States assistance programs for Afghanistan are consistent with this subchapter;

(5) ensuring proper management, implementation, and oversight by agencies responsible for assistance programs for Afghanistan; and

(6) resolving policy and program disputes among United States Government agencies with respect to United States assistance for Afghanistan.

(b) Rank and status of the coordinator

The coordinator designated under subsection (a) shall have the rank and status of ambassador.

(c) Assistance plan

(1) Submission to Congress

The coordinator designated under subsection (a) shall annually submit the Afghanistan assistance plan of the Administration to—

(A) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate;

(B) the Committee on International Relations of the House of Representatives;

(C) the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate; and

(D) the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives.

(2) Contents

The assistance plan submitted under paragraph (1) shall describe—

(A) how the plan relates to the strategy provided pursuant to section 7554 of this title; and

(B) how the plan builds upon United States assistance provided to Afghanistan since 2001.

(d) Coordination with international community

(1) In general

The coordinator designated under subsection (a) shall work with the international community and the Government of Afghanistan to ensure that assistance to Afghanistan is implemented in a coherent, consistent, and efficient manner to prevent duplication and waste.

(2) International financial institutions

The coordinator designated under subsection (a), under the direction of the Secretary of State, shall work through the Secretary of the Treasury and the United States Executive Directors at the international financial institutions (as defined in section 262r(c)(2) of this title) to coordinate United States assistance for Afghanistan with international financial institutions.

(Pub. L. 107–327, title I, §104, Dec. 4, 2002, 116 Stat. 2804; Pub. L. 108–458, title VII, §7104(c)(2), (d), Dec. 17, 2004, 118 Stat. 3781.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2004—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 108–458, §7104(c)(2), substituted "shall" for "is strongly urged to" in introductory provisions.

Subsecs. (c), (d). Pub. L. 108–458, §7104(d), added subsecs. (c) and (d).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Change of Name

Committee on International Relations of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Foreign Affairs of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 6, One Hundred Tenth Congress, Jan. 5, 2007.

Findings

Pub. L. 108–458, title VII, §7104(c)(1), Dec. 17, 2004, 118 Stat. 3781, provided that: "Congress makes the following findings:

"(A) The Final Report of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States criticized the provision of United States assistance to Afghanistan for being too inflexible.

"(B) The Afghanistan Freedom Support Act of 2002 (22 U.S.C. 7501 et seq.) contains provisions that provide for flexibility in the provision of assistance for Afghanistan and are not subject to the requirements of typical foreign assistance programs and provide for the designation of a coordinator to oversee United States assistance for Afghanistan."

§7515. Sense of Congress regarding promoting cooperation in opium producing areas

It is the sense of Congress that the President should—

(1) to the extent practicable, under such procedures as the President may prescribe, withhold United States bilateral assistance from, and oppose multilateral assistance to, opium-producing areas of Afghanistan if, within such areas, appropriate cooperation is not provided to the United States, the Government of Afghanistan, and international organizations with respect to the suppression of narcotics cultivation and trafficking, and if withholding such assistance would promote such cooperation;

(2) redistribute any United States bilateral assistance (and to promote the redistribution of any multilateral assistance) withheld from an opium-producing area to other areas with respect to which assistance has not been withheld as a consequence of this section; and

(3) define or redefine the boundaries of opium producing areas of Afghanistan for the purposes of this section.

(Pub. L. 107–327, title I, §105, Dec. 4, 2002, 116 Stat. 2805.)

§7516. Administrative provisions

(a) Applicable administrative authorities

Except to the extent inconsistent with the provisions of this subchapter, the administrative authorities under chapters 1 and 2 of part III of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 [22 U.S.C. 2351 et seq., 2381 et seq.] shall apply to the provision of assistance under this subchapter to the same extent and in the same manner as such authorities apply to the provision of economic assistance under part I of such Act [22 U.S.C. 2151 et seq.].

(b) Use of the expertise of Afghan-Americans

In providing assistance authorized by this subchapter, the President should—

(1) maximize the use, to the extent feasible, of the services of Afghan-Americans who have expertise in the areas for which assistance is authorized by this subchapter; and

(2) in the awarding of contracts and grants to implement activities authorized under this subchapter, encourage the participation of such Afghan-Americans (including organizations employing a significant number of such Afghan-Americans).

(c) Donations of manufacturing equipment; use of colleges and universities

In providing assistance authorized by this subchapter, the President, to the maximum extent practicable, should—

(1) encourage the donation of appropriate excess or obsolete manufacturing and related equipment by United States businesses (including small businesses) for the reconstruction of Afghanistan; and

(2) utilize research conducted by United States colleges and universities and the technical expertise of professionals within those institutions, particularly in the areas of agriculture and rural development.

(d) Administrative expenses

Of the funds made available to carry out the purposes of assistance authorized by this subchapter in any fiscal year, up to 7 percent may be used for administrative expenses of Federal departments and agencies in connection with the provision of such assistance.

(e) Monitoring

(1) Comptroller General

The Comptroller General shall monitor the provision of assistance under this subchapter.

(2) Inspector General of USAID

The Inspector General of the United States Agency for International Development shall conduct audits, inspections, and other activities, as appropriate, associated with the expenditure of the funds to carry out this subchapter.

(f) Priority for direct assistance to the Government of Afghanistan

To the maximum extent practicable, assistance authorized under this subchapter should be provided directly to the Government of Afghanistan (including any appropriate ministry thereof).

(Pub. L. 107–327, title I, §106, Dec. 4, 2002, 116 Stat. 2805.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, referred to in subsec. (a), is Pub. L. 87–195, Sept. 4, 1961, 75 Stat. 424. Part I of the Act is classified generally to subchapter I (§2151 et seq.) of chapter 32 of this title. Chapters 1 and 2 of part III of the Act are classified generally to parts I (§2351 et seq.) and II (§2381 et seq.), respectively, of subchapter III of chapter 32 of this title. For provisions deeming references to subchapter I to include parts IV (§2346 et seq.), VI (§2348 et seq.), and VIII (§2349aa et seq.) of subchapter II of chapter 32, see section 202(b) of Pub. L. 92–226, set out as a note under section 2346 of this title, and sections 2348c and 2349aa–5 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2151 of this title and Tables.

§7517. Relationship to other authority

The authority to provide assistance under this subchapter is in addition to any other authority to provide assistance to the Government of Afghanistan.

(Pub. L. 107–327, title I, §107, Dec. 4, 2002, 116 Stat. 2806.)

§7518. Authorization of appropriations

(a) In general

There is authorized to be appropriated to the President to carry out this subchapter (other than section 7513(c) of this title) such sums as may be necessary for each of the fiscal years 2005 and 2006.

(b) Availability

Amounts appropriated pursuant to the authorization of appropriations under subsection (a) are—

(1) authorized to remain available until expended; and

(2) in addition to funds otherwise available for such purposes, including, with respect to food assistance under section 7513(a)(1) of this title, funds available under title II of the Food for Peace Act [7 U.S.C. 1721 et seq.], section 1736o of title 7, and section 1431(b) of title 7.

(Pub. L. 107–327, title I, §108, Dec. 4, 2002, 116 Stat. 2806; Pub. L. 108–106, title II, §2214, Nov. 6, 2003, 117 Stat. 1232; Pub. L. 108–458, title VII, §7104(m), Dec. 17, 2004, 118 Stat. 3788; Pub. L. 110–246, title III, §3001(c), June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1821.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Food for Peace Act, referred to in subsec. (b)(2), is act July 10, 1954, ch. 469, 68 Stat. 454. Title II of the Act is classified generally to subchapter III (§1721 et seq.) of chapter 41 of Title 7, Agriculture. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1691 of Title 7 and Tables.

Amendments

2004—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 108–458 substituted "such sums as may be necessary for each of the fiscal years 2005 and 2006." for "$1,825,000,000 for fiscal year 2004 and $425,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2005 and 2006."

2003—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 108–106 substituted "$1,825,000,000 for fiscal year 2004 and $425,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2005 and 2006" for "$425,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 2003 through 2006".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Change of Name

"Food for Peace Act" substituted for "Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954" in subsec. (b)(2) on authority of section 3001(c) of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as a note under section 1691 of Title 7, Agriculture.