TITLE 33—NAVIGATION AND NAVIGABLE WATERS
CHAPTER 1—NAVIGABLE WATERS GENERALLY
SUBCHAPTER I—GENERAL PROVISIONS
SUBCHAPTER II—WATERS DECLARED NONNAVIGABLE: CHANGE OF NAME
SUBCHAPTER I—GENERAL PROVISIONS
§1. Regulations by Secretary of the Army for navigation of waters generally
It shall be the duty of the Secretary of the Army to prescribe such regulations for the use, administration, and navigation of the navigable waters of the United States as in his judgment the public necessity may require for the protection of life and property, or of operations of the United States in channel improvement, covering all matters not specifically delegated by law to some other executive department. Such regulations shall be posted, in conspicuous and appropriate places, for the information of the public; and every person and every corporation which shall violate such regulations shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and, on conviction thereof in any district court of the United States within whose territorial jurisdiction such offense may have been committed, shall be punished by a fine not exceeding $500, or by imprisonment (in the case of a natural person) not exceeding six months, in the discretion of the court.
Any regulations prescribed by the Secretary of the Army in pursuance of this section may be enforced as provided in section 413 of this title, the provisions whereof are made applicable to the said regulations.
(Aug. 18, 1894, ch. 299, §4, 28 Stat. 362; June 13, 1902, ch. 1079, §§6, 11, 32 Stat. 374; Aug. 8, 1917, ch. 49, §7, 40 Stat. 266; July 26, 1947, ch. 343, title II, §205(a), 61 Stat. 501.)
Editorial Notes
Codification
The first paragraph of this section is from section 4 of act Aug. 18, 1894, popularly known as the "River and Harbor Act of 1894", as amended.
As originally enacted, said section 4 made it the duty of the Secretary of War to prescribe rules and regulations for the use, administration, and navigation of any or all canals and similar works of navigation owned, operated, or maintained by the United States, and provided for the posting of such regulations and the punishment of violations thereof.
Said section 4 was amended by section 11 of act June 13, 1902, principally by adding to the original section provisions authorizing the Secretary also to prescribe regulations to govern the speed and movement of vessels and other water craft in any public navigable channel which had been improved under authority of Congress, whenever in his judgment such regulations were necessary to protect such improved channel from injury or to prevent interference with the operations of the United States in improving navigable waters or injury to any plant that might be employed in such operations.
Section 4 was also amended by section 7 of act Aug. 8, 1917, to read as set forth in the first paragraph hereof.
The last paragraph of this section is from section 6 of act June 13, 1902. Said section 6 is also the source of the last proviso in section 499 of this title.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Change of Name
Department of War designated Department of the Army and title of Secretary of War changed to Secretary of the Army by section 205(a) of act July 26, 1947, ch. 343, title II, 61 Stat. 501. Section 205(a) of act July 26, 1947, was repealed by section 53 of act Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 641. Section 1 of act Aug. 10, 1956, enacted "Title 10, Armed Forces" which in sections 3010 to 3013 continued Department of the Army under administrative supervision of Secretary of the Army.
Rules and Regulations
Administrative provisions covering definitions which the Coast Guard uses to examine waters to determine whether the Coast Guard has jurisdiction on those waters under particular laws of the United States are set out in chapter I, subchapter A, part 2, of Title 33, Navigation and Navigable Waters, in the Code of Federal Regulations. Such part 2, consisting of sections 2.01–1 to 2.10–10, sets out definitions of jurisdictional terms and provides for the availability of jurisdictional decisions.
§2. Regulations for navigation of South and Southwest Passes of Mississippi River; penalties
The Secretary of the Army is authorized to make such rules and regulations for the navigation of the South and Southwest Passes of the Mississippi River as to him shall seem necessary or expedient for the purpose of preventing any obstruction to the channels through said South and Southwest Passes and any injury to the works therein constructed. The term "South and Southwest Passes", as employed in this section, shall be construed as embracing the entire extent of channel in each case, between the upper ends of the works at the head of the pass and the outer or sea ends of the jetties at the entrance from the Gulf of Mexico; and any willful violation of any rule or regulation made by the Secretary of the Army in pursuance of this section shall be deemed a misdemeanor, for which the owner or owners, agent or agents, master or pilot of the vessel so offending shall be separately or collectively responsible, and on conviction thereof shall be punished by a fine of not less than $100, nor exceeding $500, or by imprisonment for not exceeding three months, or by both fine and imprisonment, at the discretion of the court.
(Mar. 3, 1909, ch. 264, §5, 35 Stat. 818; July 26, 1947, ch. 343, title II, §205(a), 61 Stat. 501.)
Editorial Notes
Codification
These provisions were part of section 5 of act Mar. 3, 1909, popularly known as the "River and Harbor Appropriation Act of 1909".
These provisions superseded previous similar provisions relating to the navigation of the South Pass only, contained in act Aug. 11, 1888, ch. 860, §5, 25 Stat. 424, amended by act Sept. 19, 1890, ch. 907, §3, 26 Stat. 452.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Change of Name
Department of War designated Department of the Army and title of Secretary of War changed to Secretary of the Army by section 205(a) of act July 26, 1947, ch. 343, title II, 61 Stat. 501. Section 205(a) of act July 26, 1947, was repealed by section 53 of act Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 641. Section 1 of act Aug. 10, 1956, enacted "Title 10, Armed Forces" which in sections 3010 to 3013 continued Department of the Army under administrative supervision of Secretary of the Army.
§3. Regulations to prevent injuries from target practice
(July 9, 1918, ch. 143, subch. XIX, §§1–4, 40 Stat. 892, 893; July 26, 1947, ch. 343, title II, §205(a), 61 Stat. 501.)
Editorial Notes
Codification
Undesignated pars. 1 to 4 of this section are from sections 1 to 4, respectively, of act July 9, 1918, popularly known as the "Army Appropriation Act of 1919".
Undesignated pars. 1 and 2 of this section superseded similar provisions of act Aug. 8, 1917, ch. 49, §8, 40 Stat. 266.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Change of Name
Department of War designated Department of the Army and title of Secretary of War changed to Secretary of the Army by section 205(a) of act July 26, 1947, ch. 343, title II, 61 Stat. 501. Section 205(a) of act July 26, 1947, was repealed by section 53 of act Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 641. Section 1 of act Aug. 10, 1956, enacted "Title 10, Armed Forces" which in sections 3010 to 3013 continued Department of the Army under administrative supervision of Secretary of the Army.
Coast Artillery changed to Artillery under authority of section 306(a) of act June 28, 1950, ch. 383, title III, 64 Stat. 269. Section 306(a) of act June 28, 1950 was repealed by section 53 of act Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 641. Section 1 of act Aug. 10, 1956, enacted "Title 10, Armed Forces" which in section 3063 continued the Artillery as a basic branch of the Army.
Executive Documents
Transfer of Functions
For transfer of certain functions insofar as they pertain to Air Force, and to extent that they were not previously transferred to Secretary of the Air Force and Department of the Air Force from Secretary of the Army and Department of the Army, see Secretary of Defense Transfer Order No. 40 [App. A(55)], July 22, 1949.
§4. Water gauges on Mississippi River and tributaries
The Secretary of the Army is authorized and directed to have water gauges established, and daily observations made of the rise and fall of the Mississippi River and its tributaries.
For the purpose of securing the uninterrupted gauging of the waters of the Mississippi River and its tributaries, as provided for in this section, upon the application of the Chief of Engineers, the Secretary of the Army is authorized to draw his warrant or requisition, from time to time, upon the Secretary of the Treasury for such sums as may be necessary to do such work, not to exceed in the aggregate for each year the sum of $9,600.
(R.S. §5252; Aug. 11, 1888, ch. 860, §6, 25 Stat. 424; June 13, 1902, ch. 1079, §9, 32 Stat. 374; July 26, 1947, ch. 343, title II, §205(a), 61 Stat. 501; Aug. 30, 1954, ch. 1076, §1(15), 68 Stat. 967.)
Editorial Notes
Codification
R.S. §5252 derived from Res. Feb. 21, 1871, No. 40, 16 Stat. 598.
The first paragraph of this section is from R.S. §5252, which, as enacted, authorized and directed the establishment of water gauges and the making of daily observations at or in the vicinity of certain enumerated places, and at such other places as the Secretary of War might deem advisable. It further provided that the expenditure should be made from the appropriation for the improvement of rivers and harbors and that the annual cost of the observations should not exceed $5,000. These latter provisions were apparently modified by section 6 of act Aug. 11, 1888, as amended by section 9 of act June 13, 1902, which was substantially the second paragraph of this section. As originally enacted, section 6 of act Aug. 11, 1888, provided for the gauging of the waters of the Lower Mississippi and tributaries, and limited the cost for each year to the amount appropriated in the act for such purpose.
Amendments
1954—Act Aug. 30, 1954, repealed proviso requiring that an itemized statement of expenses incurred in gauging waters of the Mississippi River and its tributaries, as provided in this section, should accompany the annual report of the Chief of Engineers.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Change of Name
Department of War designated Department of the Army and title of Secretary of War changed to Secretary of the Army by section 205(a) of act July 26, 1947, ch. 343, title II, 61 Stat. 501. Section 205(a) of act July 26, 1947, was repealed by section 53 of act Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 641. Section 1 of act Aug. 10, 1956, enacted "Title 10, Armed Forces" which in sections 3010 to 3013 continued Department of the Army under administrative supervision of Secretary of the Army.
Appropriations
Section 2 of act June 26, 1934, ch. 756, 48 Stat. 1225, which was classified to section 725a of former Title 31, Money and Finance, repealed the permanent appropriation under the title "Gauging waters of the Mississippi and its tributaries (fiscal year) (8–961.54)" effective July 1, 1935, and provided that such portions of any Acts as make permanent appropriations to be expended under such account are amended so as to authorize, in lieu thereof, annual appropriations from the general fund of the Treasury in identical terms and in such amounts as now provided by the laws providing such permanent appropriations.
§5. Abolition of tolls on Government canals, canalized rivers, etc.; expense of operation, repairs to and reconstruction of canals, etc.; Panama Canal excepted; levies by non-Federal interest
(a) No tolls or operating charges whatever shall be levied upon or collected from any vessel, dredge, or other water craft for passing through any lock, canal, canalized river, or other work for the use and benefit of navigation, now belonging to the United States or that may be hereafter acquired or constructed; and for the purpose of preserving and continuing the use and navigation of said canals and other public works without interruption, the Secretary of the Army, upon the recommendation of the Chief of Engineers, United States Army, is authorized to draw his warrant or requisition, from time to time, upon the Secretary of the Treasury to pay the actual expenses of operating, maintaining, and keeping said works in repair, which warrants or requisitions shall be paid by the Secretary of the Treasury out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated: Provided, That whenever, in the judgment of the Secretary of the Army, the condition of any of the aforesaid works is such that its entire reconstruction is absolutely essential to its efficient and economical maintenance and operation as herein provided for, the reconstruction thereof may include such modifications in plan and location as may be necessary to provide adequate facilities for existing navigation: Provided further, That the modifications are necessary to make the reconstructed work conform to similar works previously authorized by Congress and forming a part of the same improvement, and that such modifications shall be considered and approved by the Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors and be recommended by the Chief of Engineers before the work of reconstruction is commenced: And provided further, That nothing contained in this section shall be held to apply to the Panama Canal.
(b) No taxes, tolls, operating charges, fees, or any other impositions whatever shall be levied upon or collected from any vessel or other water craft, or from its passengers or crew, by any non-Federal interest, if the vessel or water craft is operating on any navigable waters subject to the authority of the United States, or under the right to freedom of navigation on those waters, except for—
(1) fees charged under section 2236 of this title;
(2) reasonable fees charged on a fair and equitable basis that—
(A) are used solely to pay the cost of a service to the vessel or water craft;
(B) enhance the safety and efficiency of interstate and foreign commerce; and
(C) do not impose more than a small burden on interstate or foreign commerce; or
(3) property taxes on vessels or watercraft, other than vessels or watercraft that are primarily engaged in foreign commerce if those taxes are permissible under the United States Constitution.
(July 5, 1884, ch. 229, §4, 23 Stat. 147; Mar. 3, 1909, ch. 264, §6, 35 Stat. 818; July 26, 1947, ch. 343, title II, §205(a), 61 Stat. 501; Aug. 30, 1954, ch. 1076, §1(15), 68 Stat. 967; Pub. L. 107–295, title IV, §445, Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2133; Pub. L. 108–176, title VIII, §829(a), Dec. 12, 2003, 117 Stat. 2597.)
Editorial Notes
Codification
Section is from act July 5, 1884, popularly known as the "Rivers and Harbors Appropriation Act of 1884".
The section, as originally enacted, was as follows:
"No tolls or operating charges whatsoever shall be levied or collected upon any vessel or vessels, dredges, or other passing water-craft through any canal or other work for the improvement of navigation belonging to the United States; and for the purpose of preserving and continuing the use and navigation of said canals, rivers, and other public works without interruption, the Secretary of War, upon the application of the chief engineer in charge of said works, is hereby authorized to draw his warrant or requisition from time to time upon the Secretary of the Treasury to pay the actual expenses of operating and keeping said works in repair, which warrants or requisitions shall be paid by the Secretary of the Treasury, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated: Provided, however, That an itemized statement of said expenses shall accompany the annual report of the chief of engineers."
It was amended by act March 3, 1909, to read substantially as set forth above.
Amendments
2003—Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 108–176 added par. (3).
2002—Pub. L. 107–295 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a) and added subsec. (b).
1954—Act Aug. 30, 1954, repealed last proviso requiring that an itemized statement of expenses incurred in operating, maintaining, keeping in repair, and reconstructing locks, canals, etc., other than the Panama Canal, as provided in this section, should accompany the annual report of the Chief of Engineers.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Change of Name
Department of War designated Department of the Army and title of Secretary of War changed to Secretary of the Army by section 205(a) of act July 26, 1947, ch. 343, title II, 61 Stat. 501. Section 205(a) of act July 26, 1947, was repealed by section 53 of act Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 641. Section 1 of act Aug. 10, 1956, enacted "Title 10, Armed Forces" which in sections 3010 to 3013 continued Department of the Army under administrative supervision of Secretary of the Army.
Effective Date of 2003 Amendment
Pub. L. 108–176, title VIII, §829(b), Dec. 12, 2003, 117 Stat. 2597, provided that: "The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] is effective on and after November 25, 2002."
Termination of Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors and Reassignment of Duties and Responsibilities
For termination of Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors 180 days after Oct. 31, 1992, and reassignment of duties and responsibilities by Secretary of Army, see section 223 of Pub. L. 102–580, set out as a note under section 541 of this title.
Appropriations
Section 2 of act June 26, 1934, ch. 756, 48 Stat. 1225, which was classified to section 725a of former Title 31, Money and Finance, repealed the permanent appropriation under the title "Operating and care of canals and other works of navigation (8x881)" effective July 1, 1935, and provided that such portions of any Acts as make permanent appropriations to be expended under such account are amended so as to authorize, in lieu thereof, annual appropriations from the general fund of the Treasury in identical terms and in such amounts as now provided by the laws providing such permanent appropriations.
§6. Free passage to harbor of Michigan City, Indiana
The passage of vessels to and from the harbor of Michigan City, in Indiana, shall be free and not subject to toll or charge.
(R.S. §5247.)
Editorial Notes
Codification
R.S. §5247 derived from acts June 23, 1866, ch. 138, §1, 14 Stat. 73; Mar. 2, 1867, ch. 144, §2, 14 Stat. 421.
§7. Use of Government iron pier in Delaware Bay
The Government iron pier in Delaware Bay near Lewes, Delaware, shall be open to public use under regulations to be prescribed by the Secretary of the Army.
(July 27, 1916, ch. 260, §1, 39 Stat. 394; July 26, 1947, ch. 343, title II, §205(a), 61 Stat. 501.)
Editorial Notes
Codification
Section is from act July 27, 1916, popularly known as the "Rivers and Harbors Appropriation Act of 1916".
A further provision of act July 27, 1916, repealed act Mar. 3, 1891, ch. 542, 26 Stat. 969, which authorized a transfer of the iron pier to the Treasury Department.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Change of Name
Department of War designated Department of the Army and title of Secretary of War changed to Secretary of the Army by section 205(a) of act July 26, 1947, ch. 343, title II, 61 Stat. 501. Section 205(a) of act July 26, 1947, was repealed by section 53 of act Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 641. Section 1 of act Aug. 10, 1956, enacted "Title 10, Armed Forces" which in sections 3010 to 3013 continued Department of the Army under administrative supervision of Secretary of the Army.
§8. Toll free rivers in Alabama
The Tennessee, Coosa, Cahawba, and Black Warrior Rivers, within the State of Alabama, shall be forever free from toll for all property belonging to the United States, and for all persons in their service, and for all citizens of the United States, except as to such tolls as may be allowed by Act of Congress.
(R.S. §5244.)
Editorial Notes
Codification
R.S. §5244 derived from act May 23, 1828, ch. 75, §7, 4 Stat. 290.
Another R.S. 5244 is classified to section 43 of Title 12, Banks and Banking.
§9. Des Moines River as toll free
The Des Moines River shall forever remain free from any toll, or other charge whatever, for any property of the United States, or persons in their service, passing along the same.
(R.S. §5246.)
Editorial Notes
Codification
R.S. §5246 derived from acts Aug. 8, 1846, ch. 103, §3, 9 Stat. 78; Jan. 20, 1870, ch. 7, 16 Stat. 61.
§10. Waters in Louisiana Purchase as public highways
All the navigable rivers and waters in the former Territories of Orleans and Louisiana shall be and forever remain public highways.
(R.S. §5251.)
Editorial Notes
Codification
R.S. §5251 derived from act Mar. 3, 1811, ch. 46, §12, 2 Stat. 606.
§11. Authority for compact between Middle Northwest States as to jurisdiction of offenses committed on boundary waters
The consent of the Congress is given to the States of North Dakota, South Dakota, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa, and Nebraska, or any two or more of them, by such agreement or compact as they may deem desirable or necessary, or as may be evidenced by legislative acts enacted by any two or more of said States, not in conflict with the Constitution of the United States or any law thereof, to determine and settle the jurisdiction to be exercised by said States, respectively, over offenses arising out of the violation of the laws of any of said States upon any of the waters forming the boundary lines between any two or more of said States, or waters through which such boundary line extends, and that the consent of the Congress be, and the same is, given to the concurrent jurisdiction agreed to by the States of Minnesota and South Dakota, as evidenced by the act of the Legislature of the State of Minnesota approved April 20, 1917, and the act of the Legislature of the State of South Dakota approved February 13, 1917.
(Mar. 4, 1921, ch. 176, 41 Stat. 1447.)
Editorial Notes
Codification
This section is from a resolution entitled a "Joint Resolution giving consent of the Congress of the United States to the States of North Dakota, South Dakota, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa, and Nebraska, or any two or more of said States, to agree upon the jurisdiction to be exercised by said States over boundary waters between any two or more of said States".
§12. Port Arthur Ship Canal
After there shall be conveyed to the United States, free of cost, a valid title to the line of water communication between Taylors Bayou and Sabine Pass, in the State of Texas, known as the Port Arthur Ship Canal, together with a valid title to the turning basin as existing June 19, 1906, and to the artificial slip on which the lumber dock of the Port Arthur Canal and Dock Company is built, the said waterways shall thereupon become free public waters of the United States, and be subject to the laws enacted by Congress for the maintenance, preservation, protection, and regulation of navigable waters: Provided, That the company or corporation conveying title to said canal as aforesaid shall also convey to the United States, free of cost, the fee to a strip of land one hundred and fifty feet wide along the westerly margin of the canal, except that where the right of way of the Southern Pacific Railroad Company prevents the transfer of such strip of land along the westerly margin of said canal there shall be conveyed such strip on the easterly margin thereof as may be necessary to make up such one hundred and fifty feet of width, with the reservation that until Congress shall have authorized and provided for the enlargement and widening of said canal the said company or corporation, its successors or assigns, shall have the right to control, occupy, and use the said strip of land and every part thereof in the same manner and to the same extent as before the execution and delivery of the conveyance, and also the right to transfer, lease, sell, quitclaim, or otherwise dispose of said property and every part thereof, subject to the grant made to the United States. The charges for the use of said docks and wharves shall be just and reasonable and shall not be greater than charges for similar services at other ports of the United States on the Gulf of Mexico.
(June 19, 1906, ch. 3436, §1, 34 Stat. 302.)
Editorial Notes
Codification
This section is from a proviso following provisions establishing an additional collection district in the State of Texas to be known as the district of Sabine; the establishment of the said district being conditioned on the making of the conveyance referred to in this section.
Further provisions of the said proviso authorizing the Secretary of War to accept the said waterways as the property of the United States, and directing that the Act take effect only when the requirements of the section be fully complied with to the satisfaction of the Secretary of War, have been omitted as executed and obsolete.
SUBCHAPTER II—WATERS DECLARED NONNAVIGABLE: CHANGE OF NAME
§21. Bayou Cocodrie, Louisiana
Bayou Cocodrie, from its source to its junction with Bayou Chicot, in the State of Louisiana, is declared to be not a navigable water of the United States within the meaning of the laws enacted by the Congress for the preservation and protection of such waters.
The right to alter, amend, or repeal this section is expressly reserved.
(Feb. 25, 1921, ch. 71, §§1, 2, 41 Stat. 1145.)
Editorial Notes
Codification
The first sentence hereof is section 1 and the second sentence section 2 of act Feb. 25, 1921, entitled "An Act to declare Bayou Cocodrie nonnavigable from its source to its junction with Bayou Chicot".
§22. Bayou Meto, Arkansas
The Bayou Meto, in the State of Arkansas, is declared to be a nonnavigable stream within the meaning of the Constitution and laws of the United States.
(Aug. 8, 1917, ch. 49, §16, 40 Stat. 268.)
§23. Bear Creek, Mississippi
Bear Creek in Humphreys, Leflore, and Sunflower Counties, in the State of Mississippi, is declared to be a nonnavigable stream within the meaning of the Constitution and the laws of the United States.
The right of Congress to alter, amend, or repeal this section is expressly reserved.
(Mar. 3, 1923, ch. 229, §§1, 2, 42 Stat. 1442.)
Editorial Notes
Codification
The first sentence hereof is section 1 and the last sentence section 2 of act Mar. 3, 1923, entitled "An Act declaring Bear Creek in Humphreys, Leflore, and Sunflower counties, Mississippi, to be a nonnavigable stream".
§24. Big Tarkio River, Missouri
The Big Tarkio River, in the counties of Holt and Atchison, in the State of Missouri, is declared to be not a navigable water of the United States within the meaning of the laws enacted by Congress for the preservation and protection of such waters.
The right to alter, amend, or repeal this section is expressly reserved.
(Feb. 15, 1910, ch. 33, §§1, 2, 36 Stat. 194.)
Editorial Notes
Codification
The first sentence hereof is section 1 and the last sentence section 2 of act Feb. 15, 1910, entitled "An Act to declare Big Tarkio River, in Holt and Atchison counties, Missouri, nonnavigable".
§25. Cache River, Arkansas
The Cache River in the State of Arkansas is declared to be a nonnavigable stream within the meaning of the Constitution and laws of the United States. This provision shall become void after one year from July 27, 1916, unless within said period the Legislature of Arkansas shall pass an act expressly approving this declaration. The right of the Congress to alter, amend, or repeal this section is expressly reserved.
(July 27, 1916, ch. 260, §1, 39 Stat. 399.)
Editorial Notes
Codification
Section was a provision of section 1 of act July 27, 1916, popularly known as the "Rivers and Harbors Appropriation Act of 1916".
Approval of Declaration
See Arkansas Laws 1917, ch. 2, act 406.
§26. Calumet River, Cook County, Illinois, old channel
The portion of the old channel of the Calumet River in the northwest quarter of section thirty, township thirty-seven north, range fifteen east, of the third principal meridian, in Cook County, Illinois, which lies outside of the new channel lines as established by the United States and shown on "Map of the Calumet River, Illinois, from Lake Michigan to Calumet Lake, to accompany report of W. G. Ewing, United States attorney to the Attorney-General, respecting cession of right of way for improvement of said river under Act of Congress approved July fifth, eighteen hundred and eighty-four," is hereby abandoned as navigable water from and after the time that a navigable channel shall be cut through said quarter section within the new channel lines of the river as shown on the said map.
The portion of the old channel of the Calumet River in the north quarter of fractional section seven, township thirty-seven north, range fifteen, east of the third principal meridian, south of the Indian boundary line, in Cook County, Illinois, which lies outside of the new channel lines as established by the United States and shown on "map of the Calumet River, Illinois, from Lake Michigan to Calumet Lake, to accompany report of W. G. Ewing, United States attorney, to the Attorney General, respecting cession of right of way for improvement of said river, under Act of Congress approved July fifth, eighteen hundred and eighty-four," is abandoned as navigable water.
(Apr. 21, 1904, ch. 1409, 33 Stat. 239, 240; Feb. 27, 1915, ch. 68, 38 Stat. 817.)
Editorial Notes
References in Text
Act of Congress approved July 5, 1884, referred to in text, is act July 5, 1884, ch. 229, 23 Stat. 143, which provided in part for the appropriation of $50,000 for the continuing improvement of the Calumet River, provided that no part of such appropriation be expended until the right of way should have been conveyed to the United States, free from expense, and the United States released from liability to adjacent property owners, to the satisfaction of the Secretary of War.
§26a. Additional portion of Calumet River, old channel, abandoned as navigable water
The portion of the old channel of the Calumet River in sections eighteen and nineteen, township thirty-seven north, range fifteen east, of the third principal meridian, in Cook County, Illinois, which lies outside of the new channel lines established by the United States and shown on the map referred to in section 26 of this title, and which lies outside of the exterior limits of the turning basin to be established on said Calumet River in said sections, is abandoned as navigable water of the United States from and after the time when the United States shall have secured title to the land necessary for the establishment of the turning basin at some point, to be approved by the Chief of Engineers, between One hundred and thirteenth Street and One hundred and seventeenth Street in the city of Chicago.
(Mar. 4, 1913, ch. 144, §1, 37 Stat. 816.)
§26b. Portion of Calumet River, Chicago, as nonnavigable stream
The portion of the Calumet River, in the city of Chicago, county of Cook, State of Illinois, lying between the intersections of this river with the two lines described below, is a nonnavigable stream within the meaning of the Constitution and laws of the United States:
Beginning at a point on the south line of the north half of section 36, township 37 north, range 14 east, of the third principal meridian, one thousand eight hundred and seventy-three and seven-hundredths feet west of the east line of said section; thence northwesterly on a straight line to a point three thousand two hundred and eighty feet west of the east line and seven hundred and eighty-five feet south of the north line of said section; and
Beginning at a point five hundred and eighty-five feet east of the west line and seven hundred and thirty-two feet north of the south line of section 31, township 37 north, range 15 east, of the third principal meridian; thence north forty-six degrees and thirty minutes east along a straight line to the easterly water's edge of said river.
The right to alter, amend, or repeal this section is expressly reserved.
(June 14, 1937, ch. 338, §§2, 3, 50 Stat. 258, 259.)
§27. Chicago River at Chicago, Illinois
All of that portion of the West Fork of the South Branch of the Chicago River in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, extending west from the west line of the collateral channel of the sanitary district of Chicago, in the northwest quarter of section 36, township 39 north, range 13 east, of the third principal meridian, is declared to be a nonnavigable stream within the meaning of the Constitution and laws of the United States. The right of Congress to alter, amend, or repeal this provision is expressly reserved.
The Act of September 19, 1890, making appropriations for the construction, repair, and preservation of certain public works on rivers and harbors, and for other purposes (Twenty-sixth Statutes, chapter 907, section 7, page 454), and the Act of March 3, 1899, making appropriations for the construction, repair, and preservation of certain public works on rivers and harbors, and for other purposes (Thirtieth Statutes, chapter 425, section 9, page 1151) [33 U.S.C. 401], and all Acts amendatory of either thereof shall not apply to that portion of the west arm of the South Fork of the South Branch of the Chicago River, lying between the east line of Ashland Avenue and the north line of Thirty-ninth Street, in the city of Chicago, Illinois, as the same now exists or may hereafter be extended. All rights, authority, or control over that part of the Chicago River possessed or assumed by the United States are relinquished and abandoned, and all rights, authority, or control over the same that were possessed by the State of Illinois are fully restored to said State.
As soon as the city of Chicago, or any other governmental agency or any corporation thereunto duly authorized by the Secretary of the Army, shall have constructed, after June 7, 1924, a new channel for the South Branch of the Chicago River between West Polk Street and West Nineteenth Street in said city of Chicago, then, and in that event, so much of the channel of the South Branch of the Chicago River as shall be superseded and replaced by said new channel in accordance with the permit of the Secretary of the Army shall be discontinued and abandoned.
(Jan. 24, 1923, ch. 33, §§1, 2, 42 Stat. 1171; Feb. 27, 1923, ch. 142, 42 Stat. 1323; June 7, 1924, ch. 337, 43 Stat. 646; July 26, 1947, ch. 343, title II, §205(a), 61 Stat. 501.)
Editorial Notes
References in Text
Section 7 of the Act of September 19, 1890, referred to in text, is section 7 of act Sept. 19, 1890, ch. 907, 26 Stat. 454, as amended generally by act July 13, 1892, ch. 158, §3, 27 Stat. 110, which prohibited construction of certain structures in the navigable waters of the United States, with certain conditions and exceptions, and is not classified to the Code. Provisions similar to those in section 7 of act Sept. 19, 1890, were subsequently enacted by sections 9 and 10 of act Mar. 3, 1899, ch. 425, 30 Stat. 1151, which are classified, respectively, to sections 401 and 403 of this title.
Codification
The two sentences comprising the first paragraph of this section are, respectively, sections 1 and 2 of act Jan. 24, 1923.
The second paragraph of this section is from act Feb. 27, 1923.
The last paragraph of this section is from act June 7, 1924.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Change of Name
Department of War designated Department of the Army and title of Secretary of War changed to Secretary of the Army by section 205(a) of act July 26, 1947, ch. 343, title II, 61 Stat. 501. Section 205(a) of act July 26, 1947, was repealed by section 53 of act Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 641. Section 1 of act Aug. 10, 1956, enacted "Title 10, Armed Forces" which in sections 3010 to 3013 continued Department of the Army under administrative supervision of Secretary of the Army.
§27a. Chicago River, West Fork of South Branch
That portion of the West Fork of the South Branch of the Chicago River in Cook County, Illinois, lying between the west line (produced north) of the Collateral Channel of the Sanitary District of Chicago, in the northwest quarter of section 36, township 39 north, range 13 east, third principal meridian, and a line one thousand three hundred feet east of and parallel to the west line of section 30 (section line in South Western Avenue), township 39 north, range 13 east, third principal meridian, in the city of Chicago, Illinois, as the same now exists or may hereafter be extended, is declared to be a nonnavigable stream within the meaning of the Constitution and laws of the United States.
The right to alter, amend, or repeal this section is expressly reserved.
(Aug. 30, 1935, ch. 831, §10, 49 Stat. 1048.)
§27b. Chicago River, West arm of South Fork of South Branch
The portion of the west arm of the South Fork of the South Branch of the Chicago River, as established by the ordinance of the city of Chicago on July 17, 1911, in the southwest quarter of section 32, township 39 north, range 14 east of the third principal meridian, in the city of Chicago, county of Cook, State of Illinois, lying westerly of a straight line drawn from a point in south dock line of the said west arm 203.94 feet westerly of the point of intersection of the south dock line of the said west arm with the west dock line of the east arm of the South Fork of the South Branch of the Chicago River as established by said city of Chicago ordinance of July 17, 1911, measured along the south dock line of said west arm, thence to a point in the north dock line of the said west arm said point being 278 feet westerly of the intersection of the north dock line of the said west arm with the west dock line of the South Fork of the South Branch of the Chicago River as established by said city of Chicago ordinance of July 17, 1911, measured along the north dock line of said west arm of the South Fork of the South Branch of the Chicago River, is declared to be and is on and after September 1, 1959 to be regarded as a nonnavigable water of the United States within the meaning of the Constitution and laws of the United States: Provided, That plans for a suitable bulkhead to retain any fill to be placed in the waterway shall be submitted to and approved by the Corps of Engineers, United States Army, prior to the placing of such fill.
(Pub. L. 86–218, Sept. 1, 1959, 73 Stat. 448.)
§28. Crum River; old channel at mouth, Delaware Bay
After the channel of the Crum River where the same empties into the Delaware River has been changed, diverted, and straightened under the authority given to Alba B. Johnson and Samuel M. Vauclain and the Baldwin Locomotive Works by Act July 27, 1916, chapter 260, the said Crum River, as so straightened, shall be a public navigable stream, and the course and channel of the said river, as it existed July 27, 1916, from the right-of-way of the Philadelphia and Reading Railway Company to the low-water line in the Delaware River shall be abandoned and vacated when the above-mentioned new channel shall have been completed to a depth of four feet at mean low water, with a bottom width of sixty-two feet and width of one hundred feet at mean low-water level: Provided, That the Government shall have such right, title, and interest in and to the bed of said new channel as will assure the public the right to the perpetual use of said channel for all the purposes of navigation and commerce.
(July 27, 1916, ch. 260, §1, 39 Stat. 393.)
Editorial Notes
References in Text
Act July 27, 1916, chapter 260, referred to in text, is act July 27, 1916, ch. 260, 39 Stat. 393, which is classified to sections 7, 25, 28, 38, 424, and 648 to 650 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.
Codification
Section is from a provision of section 1 of act July 27, 1916, popularly known as the "Rivers and Harbors Appropriation Act of 1916".
The portion of that section authorizing the changing, diverting, and straightening of the channel of the river has been omitted as temporary and executed.
§29. Cuivre River, Missouri
Cuivre River, in the counties of Lincoln and Saint Charles, in the State of Missouri, being the dividing line, is declared not to be a navigable stream, and shall be so treated by the Secretary of the Army and all other authorities.
(Mar. 23, 1900, ch. 88, 31 Stat. 50; July 26, 1947, ch. 343, title II, §205(a), 61 Stat. 501.)
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Change of Name
Department of War designated Department of the Army and title of Secretary of War changed to Secretary of the Army by section 205(a) of act July 26, 1947, ch. 343, title II, 61 Stat. 501. Section 205(a) of act July 26, 1947, was repealed by section 53 of act Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 641. Section 1 of act Aug. 10, 1956, enacted "Title 10, Armed Forces" which in sections 3010 to 3013 continued Department of the Army under administrative supervision of Secretary of the Army.
§29a. East River, Wisconsin
All of that portion of the East River, in the county of Brown, State of Wisconsin, extending from Baird Street, in the city of Green Bay, east and south is declared to be a nonnavigable stream within the meaning of the Constitution and Laws of the United States of America.
The right of Congress to alter, amend or repeal this section is expressly reserved.
(Aug. 30, 1935, ch. 831, §9, 49 Stat. 1048.)
§30. Grand River, Missouri, above Brunswick
Grand River in the State of Missouri above the city of Brunswick, in the county of Chariton in said State, is declared to be not a navigable stream and shall be so treated by the Secretary of the Army and by all other authorities.
(Feb. 15, 1905, ch. 574, 33 Stat. 715; July 26, 1947, ch. 343, title II, §205(a), 61 Stat. 501.)
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Change of Name
Department of War designated Department of the Army and title of Secretary of War changed to Secretary of the Army by section 205(a) of act July 26, 1947, ch. 343, title II, 61 Stat. 501. Section 205(a) of act July 26, 1947, was repealed by section 53 of act Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 641. Section 1 of act Aug. 10, 1956, enacted "Title 10, Armed Forces" which in sections 3010 to 3013 continued Department of the Army under administrative supervision of Secretary of the Army.
§31. Iowa River, Iowa, above Toolsboro
So much of the Iowa River within the State of Iowa, as lies north of the town of Wapello, and so much of the said river within the State of Iowa, as lies between the town of Toolsboro and the town of Wapello, in the county of Louisa, shall not be deemed a navigable river or public highway, but dams and bridges may be constructed across it.
(R.S. §5248; Aug. 18, 1894, ch. 299, §1, 28 Stat. 356.)
Editorial Notes
Codification
R.S. §5248 derived from Res. July 13, 1868, No. 55, 15 Stat. 257; act May 6, 1870, ch. 92, 16 Stat. 121.
The portion of this section relating to the Iowa river north of the town of Wapello is from R.S. §5248.
The remainder the section, relating to so much of the river as lies between Toolsboro and Wapello, is from act Aug. 18, 1894.
§32. Lake George, Mississippi
Lake George, in Yazoo County, in the State of Mississippi, is declared to be not a navigable water of the United States within the meaning of the laws enacted by the Congress for the preservation and protection of such waters.
The right of Congress to alter, amend, or repeal this section is expressly reserved.
(May 24, 1922, ch. 198, §§1, 2, 42 Stat. 552.)
Editorial Notes
Codification
The two sentences comprising this section are respectively sections 1 and 2 of act May 24, 1922, entitled "An act declaring Lake George, Yazoo County, Mississippi, to be a nonnavigable stream".
§33. Little River, Arkansas, from Big Lake to Marked Tree
Little River, from Big Lake in Mississippi County to Marked Tree in Poinsett County, Arkansas, is declared to be not a navigable waterway of the United States within the meaning of the laws enacted by Congress for the protection of such waterways.
(Mar. 2, 1919, ch. 95, §4, 40 Stat. 1287.)
Editorial Notes
Codification
Section is from section 4 of act Mar. 2, 1919, popularly known as the "Rivers and Harbors Appropriation Act of 1919".
§34. Mill Slough, Oregon
Mill Slough, a tidal tributary of Coos Bay, lying within the limits of the city of Marshfield, State of Oregon, is declared to be not a navigable waterway of the United States, within the meaning of the laws enacted by Congress for the preservation and protection of such waterways, and the consent of Congress is given to the filling in of said slough by the said city of Marshfield.
(Oct. 23, 1913, ch. 33, 38 Stat. 233.)
§35. Mississippi River, West Channel, opposite La Crosse, Wisconsin
The branch of the Mississippi River flowing between Grand Island and the mainland opposite the city of La Crosse, State of Wisconsin, and known as the West Channel, is declared unnavigable, and the said city of La Crosse is relieved of the necessity of maintaining a draw or pontoon bridge over said West Channel.
(Feb. 23, 1901, ch. 470, 31 Stat. 804.)
§36. Mosquito Creek, South Carolina
Mosquito Creek, in Colleton County, South Carolina, is declared to be a nonnavigable stream within the meaning of the Constitution and laws of the United States.
(Aug. 8, 1917, ch. 49, §15, 40 Stat. 268.)
§37. Nodaway River, Missouri
Nodaway River, in the counties of Andrew, Holt, and Nodaway, in the State of Missouri, is declared to be not a navigable water of the United States within the meaning of the laws enacted by Congress for the preservation and protection of such waters.
The right to alter, amend, or repeal this section is expressly reserved.
(Feb. 15, 1910, ch. 32, §§1, 2, 36 Stat. 194.)
§38. Oklawaha River, Florida; Kyle and Young Canal and "Morrison Landing extension" substituted
Upon the conveyance to the United States, free of cost, title to the land occupied by what is known as the "Kyle and Young Canal" and the "Morrison Landing extension" of the same, on the Oklawaha River, in the State of Florida, together with title to a strip of land on the east side of said canal of such width as in the judgment of the Secretary of the Army may be required for the future widening of said canal and extension by the United States, the said canal and extension shall become a free public waterway of the United States in place of the natural bed of the river.
(July 27, 1916, ch. 260, §1, 39 Stat. 396; July 26, 1947, ch. 343, title II, §205(a), 61 Stat. 501.)
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Change of Name
Department of War designated Department of the Army and title of Secretary of War changed to Secretary of the Army by section 205(a) of act July 26, 1947, ch. 343, title II, 61 Stat. 501. Section 205(a) of act July 26, 1947, was repealed by section 53 of act Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 641. Section 1 of act Aug. 10, 1956, enacted "Title 10, Armed Forces" which in sections 3010 to 3013 continued Department of the Army under administrative supervision of Secretary of the Army.
§39. Ollala Slough, Oregon
All of that portion of Ollala Slough in Lincoln County, Oregon, above a point where a line that is one hundred and twenty rods south and running east and west and parallel with the section line between sections 8 and 17 in township 11 south, range 10 west of the Willamette meridian, crosses said stream, is declared to be a nonnavigable stream.
(Feb. 26, 1917, ch. 119, 39 Stat. 937.)
§40. One Hundred and Two River, Missouri
One Hundred and Two River south of the north boundary line of Andrew County, Missouri, as now located, is declared to be not a navigable water of the United States within the meaning of the laws enacted by Congress for the preservation and protection of such waters.
The right to alter, amend, or repeal this section is expressly reserved.
(Feb. 15, 1910, ch. 31, §§1, 2, 36 Stat. 194.)
§41. Osage River, Missouri
The Osage River in the State of Missouri above the point where the south line of sections 15 and 16 in township 40 north, of range 22 west, of the fifth principal meridian, and in the county of Benton, State of Missouri, crosses said river, is declared not to be a navigable stream, and shall be so treated by the Secretary of the Army and by all other authorities.
(Mar. 4, 1904, ch. 393, 33 Stat. 58; July 26, 1947, ch. 343, title II, §205(a), 61 Stat. 501.)
Editorial Notes
Codification
This section superseded act June 24, 1902, ch. 1154, 32 Stat. 398, which declared that the Osage River above the point where the dividing line between the counties of Benton and Saint Clair crosses the river should not be a navigable stream.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Change of Name
Department of War designated Department of the Army and title of Secretary of War changed to Secretary of the Army by section 205(a) of act July 26, 1947, ch. 343, title II, 61 Stat. 501. Section 205(a) of act July 26, 1947, was repealed by section 53 of act Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 641. Section 1 of act Aug. 10, 1956, enacted "Title 10, Armed Forces" which in sections 3010 to 3013 continued Department of the Army under administrative supervision of Secretary of the Army.
§42. Platte River, Missouri
The Platte River in the State of Missouri is declared to be a nonnavigable stream within the meaning of the Constitution and laws of the United States, and jurisdiction over said river is declared to be vested in the State of Missouri.
The right of Congress to alter, amend, or repeal this section is expressly reserved.
(Feb. 16, 1921, ch. 62, §§1, 2, 41 Stat. 1105.)
Editorial Notes
Codification
The two sentences of this section are, respectively, from sections 1 and 2 of act Feb. 16, 1921, entitled "An Act declaring the Platte River to be a nonnavigable stream".
§43. Saint Marys River, Ohio and Indiana
Saint Marys River, Ohio and Indiana, is declared to be a nonnavigable stream within the meaning of the Constitution and laws of the United States.
(Aug. 8, 1917, ch. 49, §17, 40 Stat. 268.)
§44. Sturgeon Bay, Illinois
So much of the west fork of Sturgeon Bay within the county of Mercer and State of Illinois as lies west of the line between the east half and the west half of the east half of section 25, in township 14 north, range 6 west of the fourth principal meridian, and so much of the east fork of said Sturgeon Bay as lies north of the north line of section 30, in township 14 north, range 5 west of the fourth principal meridian, shall not be deemed navigable waters of the United States.
(Feb. 7, 1907, No. 13, 34 Stat. 1421.)
§45. Swan Creek, Toledo, Ohio
Swan Creek, a stream lying within the limits of the city of Toledo, State of Ohio, is declared to be not a navigable waterway of the United States within the meaning of the laws enacted by Congress for the preservation and protection of such waterways, and the consent of Congress is given for the filling in of said creek by the local authorities.
(Mar. 4, 1915, ch. 142, §13, 38 Stat. 1055.)
Editorial Notes
Codification
Section is from act Mar. 4, 1915, popularly known as the "Rivers and Harbors Appropriation Act of 1915".
§46. Tchula Lake, Mississippi
Tchula Lake, in Holmes County, in the State of Mississippi, is declared to be a nonnavigable stream within the meaning of the Constitution and laws of the United States.
The right of Congress to alter, amend, or repeal this section is expressly reserved.
(July 1, 1922, ch. 266, §§1, 2, 42 Stat. 816.)
Editorial Notes
Codification
The two sentences comprising this section are, respectively, sections 1 and 2 of act July 1, 1922, entitled "An act declaring Tchula Lake, Holmes County, Mississippi, to be a nonnavigable stream".
§47. Eagle Lake, Louisiana-Mississippi
Eagle Lake, which lies partly within the limits of the State of Mississippi, in Warren County, and partly within the limits of the State of Louisiana, in Madison Parish, is declared to be a nonnavigable stream within the meaning of the Constitution and laws of the United States.
The right to alter, amend, or repeal this section is expressly reserved.
(June 2, 1926, ch. 445, §§1, 2, 44 Stat. 681.)
§48. Noxubee River, Mississippi
That portion of the Noxubee River in Noxubee County, in the State of Mississippi is declared to be a nonnavigable stream within the meaning of the Constitution and laws of the United States.
The right of Congress to amend or repeal this section is expressly reserved.
(Feb. 24, 1934, ch. 25, §§1, 2, 48 Stat. 356.)
§49. Bayou Saint John in New Orleans
Bayou Saint John, in the city of New Orleans, Louisiana, is declared to be not a navigable water of the United States within the meaning of the laws enacted by Congress for the preservation and protection of such waters.
The right to alter, amend, or repeal this section is expressly reserved.
(June 5, 1936, ch. 530, §§1, 2, 49 Stat. 1484.)
§50. Turtle Bay and Turtle Bayou, Texas
Turtle Bay and Turtle Bayou, in Chambers County, in the State of Texas, are declared to be nonnavigable waterways within the meaning of the Constitution and laws of the United States of America.
The existing project for Turtle Bayou, Texas, authorized by the Rivers and Harbors Act approved June 25, 1910 (Act June 25, 1910, ch. 382, 36 Stat. 630), is abandoned.
The right of Congress to alter, amend, or repeal this section is expressly reserved.
(Mar. 10, 1937, ch. 36, §§1–3, 50 Stat. 28.)
Editorial Notes
References in Text
The Rivers and Harbors Act approved June 25, 1910, referred to in text, is act June 25, 1910, ch. 382, 36 Stat. 630, which is classified to sections 546, 564, and 643 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.
§51. Scajaquada Creek, New York
Scajaquada Creek, Erie County, New York, is declared to be nonnavigable east of a line one hundred and thirty feet west of the west line of Niagara Street, city of Buffalo, county of Erie, New York, within the meaning of the Constitution and laws of the United States.
The right to alter, amend, or repeal this section is expressly reserved.
(May 14, 1937, ch. 183, §§1, 2, 50 Stat. 165.)
§52. Park River, Connecticut
The Park River, a minor tributary of the Connecticut River, located in Hartford County, Connecticut, is declared to be a nonnavigable waterway within the meaning of the Constitution and laws of the United States of America.
The right of Congress to alter, amend, or repeal this section is expressly reserved.
(May 24, 1937, ch. 246, §§1, 2, 50 Stat. 201.)
§53. Benton Harbor Canal, Michigan
The Benton Harbor Canal at and above the west line of Ninth Street, in the city of Benton Harbor and State of Michigan, is declared to be not a navigable water of the United States within the meaning of the Constitution and laws of the United States.
The right to alter, amend, or repeal this section is expressly reserved.
(June 2, 1937, ch. 288, §§1, 3, 50 Stat. 243.)
Editorial Notes
References in Text
This section, referred to in text, was in the original "this Act", meaning act June 2, 1937, ch. 288, 50 Stat. 243, sections 1 and 3 of which are classified to this section. Section 2 of the Act, which relates to abandonment of a portion of the Benton Harbor Canal project, is not classified to the Code.
§53a. Additional portion of Benton Harbor Canal, abandoned as navigable water
The Benton Harbor Canal, from the west line of Ninth Street extended northerly to the west line of Riverview Drive extended northerly in the city of Benton Harbor and State of Michigan, be, and the same is hereby, declared to be not a navigable water of the United States within the meaning of the Constitution and laws of the United States.
(Pub. L. 88–88, §1, Aug. 5, 1963, 77 Stat. 118.)
§54. Burr Creek, Bridgeport, Connecticut
That portion of Burr Creek in the city of Bridgeport, Connecticut, lying north of a line across the creek beginning at the point of intersection of the south side of Yacht Street extended and the west harbor line of the harbor lines established by the Secretary of War December 9, 1924, thence south eighty-five degrees forty-six minutes seventeen seconds east to the east harbor line of said creek, is declared to be not a navigable water of the United States within the meaning of the Constitution and laws of the United States.
Any project heretofore authorized by any Act of Congress, insofar as such project relates to the above described portion of Burr Creek in the city of Bridgeport, Connecticut, is abandoned.
The right to alter, amend, or repeal this section is expressly reserved.
(Aug. 12, 1937, ch. 607, 50 Stat. 632; July 26, 1947, ch. 343, title II, §205(a), 61 Stat. 501.)
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Change of Name
Department of War designated Department of the Army and title of Secretary of War changed to Secretary of the Army by section 205(a) of act July 26, 1947, ch. 343, title II, 61 Stat. 501. Section 205(a) of act July 26, 1947, was repealed by section 53 of act Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 641. Section 1 of act Aug. 10, 1956, enacted "Title 10, Armed Forces" which in sections 3010 to 3013 continued Department of the Army under administrative supervision of Secretary of the Army.
§55. Bayou Savage (or Chantilly) in New Orleans
Bayou Savage, also styled Bayou Chantilly, in the city of New Orleans, Louisiana, is declared to be a nonnavigable waterway within the meaning of the Constitution and laws of the United States.
The right to alter, amend, or repeal this section is expressly reserved.
(Aug. 16, 1937, ch. 650, 50 Stat. 649.)
§56. Fort Point Channel and South Bay, Boston, Massachusetts
The portion of the tidewaters in the waterway in which is located Fort Point Channel and South Bay in the city of Boston, Massachusetts, lying above the easterly side of the highway bridge over Fort Point Channel at Dorchester Avenue in the city of Boston is declared to be a nonnavigable water of the United States within the meaning of the Constitution and laws of the United States.
The right to alter, amend, or repeal this section is expressly reserved.
(May 13, 1955, ch. 37, 69 Stat. 48.)
§57. Pike Creek, Wisconsin
Pike Creek, in the State of Wisconsin, above the easterly side of the highway bridge at Sixth Avenue in the city of Kenosha is declared to be a nonnavigable stream within the meaning of the Constitution and laws of the United States.
The right to alter, amend, or repeal this section is expressly reserved.
(July 26, 1955, ch. 377, 69 Stat. 373.)
§58. Acushnet River section of New Bedford and Fairhaven Harbor, Massachusetts
The portion of the waterway in the city of New Bedford and the towns of Fairhaven and Acushnet lying north of the Coggeshall Street Bridge (north 41 degrees 31 minutes 00 seconds), is declared to be a nonnavigable water of the United States within the meaning of the Constitution and laws of the United States. Any project heretofore authorized by any Act of Congress, insofar as such project relates to the above-described portions of the Acushnet River section of New Bedford and Fairhaven Harbor, is hereby abandoned.
The right to alter, amend, or repeal this section is expressly reserved.
(Aug. 3, 1955, ch. 495, 69 Stat. 443.)
§59. West River in West Haven, Connecticut
The portion of the waterway in which is located the West River in the town of West Haven, Connecticut, and the city of New Haven, Connecticut, lying northerly of a line extending north 85 degrees 54 minutes 43.5 seconds east, from a point (1,158.535 feet from the most westerly corner of the existing bulkhead and pier line) whose coordinates in the Corps of Engineers Harbor Line System are north 4,616.76 and west 9,450.80, is declared to be a nonnavigable water of the United States within the meaning of the Constitution and laws of the United States.
The line hereinbefore described shall be established as a combined pierhead and bulkhead line of the West River.
Any project heretofore authorized by an Act of Congress, insofar as such project relates to the above-described portion of the West River, is hereby abandoned.
The right to alter, amend, or repeal this section is expressly reserved.
(Aug. 9, 1955, ch. 649, 69 Stat. 576.)
§59a. Back Cove, Portland, Maine
(a) Portion declared nonnavigable
That portion of Back Cove at Portland, Maine, lying southerly of a line across the twelve-foot Federal project channel in Back Cove twenty-five hundred feet upstream from the Tukey Bridge, to the head of Back Cove, is declared to be a nonnavigable water of the United States within the meaning of the Constitution and laws of the United States.
(b) Portion abandoned
That portion of the twelve-foot Federal project channel in Back Cove lying southerly of a line across the channel twenty-five hundred feet upstream from the Tukey Bridge, to the head of Back Cove, a distance of approximately thirty-five hundred feet, is abandoned.
(c) Preservation of right to alter, amend or repeal section
The right to alter, amend, or repeal this section is expressly reserved.
(Pub. L. 85–126, Aug. 13, 1957, 71 Stat. 344.)
§59b. Bayous Terrebonne and LeCarpe, Louisiana
Bayou Terrebonne west of Barrow Street and Bayou LeCarpe west of the Intracoastal Waterway in the city of Houma, State of Louisiana, are declared to be not navigable waters of the United States within the meaning of the Constitution and laws of the United States.
The right to alter, amend, or repeal this section is expressly reserved.
(Pub. L. 86–226, §§2, 3, Sept. 8, 1959, 73 Stat. 455.)
§59c. East River, New York
That portion of the East River, in New York County, State of New York, lying between the south line of East Seventeenth Street, extended eastwardly, the United States pierhead line as it existed on July 1, 1965, and the south line of East Thirtieth Street, extended eastwardly, is hereby declared to be not a navigable water of the United States within the meaning of the Constitution and the laws of the United States.
(Pub. L. 89–298, title III, §307, Oct. 27, 1965, 79 Stat. 1094.)
§59c–1. East and Hudson Rivers, New York
Those portions of the East and Hudson Rivers in New York County, State of New York, lying shoreward of a line within the United States Pierhead Line as it exists on August 13, 1968, and bounded on the north by the north side of Spring Street extended westerly and the south side of Robert F. Wagner, Senior Place extended eastwardly, are hereby declared to be nonnavigable waters of the United States within the meaning of the laws of the United States. This declaration shall apply only to portions of the above-described area which are bulkheaded and filled. Plans for bulkheading and filling shall be approved by the Secretary of the Army, acting through the Chief of Engineers, on the basis of engineering studies to determine the location and structural stability of the bulkheading and filling in order to preserve and maintain the remaining navigable waterway. Local interests shall reimburse the Federal Government for any engineering costs incurred under this section.
(Pub. L. 90–483, title I, §113, Aug. 13, 1968, 82 Stat. 736.)
§59c–2. East River, New York
If the Secretary of the Army, acting through the Chief of Engineers, finds that the proposed project to be erected at the location to be declared non-navigable under this section is in the public interest, on the basis of engineering studies to determine the location and structural stability of the bulkheading and filling and permanent pile-supported structures in order to preserve and maintain the remaining navigable waterway and on the basis of environmental studies conducted pursuant to the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 [42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.], then those portions of the East River in New York County, State of New York, bounded and described as follows are hereby declared to be not navigable waters of the United States within the meaning of the laws of the United States, and the consent of Congress is hereby given to the filling in of all or any part thereof or the erection of permanent pile-supported structures thereon: That portion of the East River in New York County, State of New York, lying shoreward of a line with the United States pierhead line as it exists on March 7, 1974, bounded on the north by the south side of Rutgers Slip extended easterly, and bounded on the south by the southeasterly border of Battery Park at a point adjacent to the westerly end of South Street extended south by southwest, is hereby declared to be non-navigable waters of the United States. This declaration shall apply only to portions of the above-described area which are bulkheaded and filled or occupied by permanent pile-supported structures. Plans for bulkheading and filling and permanent pile-supported structures shall be approved by the Secretary of the Army, acting through the Chief of Engineers. Local interests shall reimburse the Federal Government for engineering and all other costs incurred under this section.
(Pub. L. 93–251, title I, §51, Mar. 7, 1974, 88 Stat. 26.)
Editorial Notes
References in Text
The National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, referred to in text, is Pub. L. 91–190, Jan. 1, 1970, 83 Stat. 852, which is classified generally to chapter 55 (§4321 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 4321 of Title 42 and Tables.
§59c–3. Queens County, New York
(a) Description of nonnavigable area
Subject to subsections (b) and (c), the area of Long Island City, Queens County, New York, that—
(1) is not submerged;
(2) as of October 12, 1996, lies between the southerly high water line of Anable Basin (also known as the "11th Street Basin") and the northerly high water line of Newtown Creek; and
(3) extends from the high water line (as of October 12, 1996) of the East River to the original high water line of the East River;
is declared to be nonnavigable waters of the United States.
(b) Requirement that area be improved
(1) In general
The declaration of nonnavigability under subsection (a) shall apply only to those portions of the area described in subsection (a) that are, or will be, bulkheaded, filled, or otherwise occupied by permanent structures or other permanent physical improvements (including parkland).
(2) Applicability of Federal law
Improvements described in paragraph (1) shall be subject to applicable Federal laws, including—
(A) sections 401 and 403 of this title;
(B) section 1344 of this title;
(C) the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.).
(c) Expiration date
The declaration of nonnavigability under subsection (a) shall expire with respect to a portion of the area described in subsection (a), if the portion—
(1) is not bulkheaded, filled, or otherwise occupied by a permanent structure or other permanent physical improvement (including parkland) in accordance with subsection (b) by the date that is 20 years after October 12, 1996; or
(2) requires an improvement described in subsection (b)(2) that is subject to a permit under an applicable Federal law, and the improvement is not commenced by the date that is 5 years after the date of issuance of the permit.
(Pub. L. 104–303, title V, §556, Oct. 12, 1996, 110 Stat. 3782.)
Editorial Notes
References in Text
The National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, referred to in subsec. (b)(2)(C), is Pub. L. 91–190, Jan. 1, 1970, 83 Stat. 852, which is classified generally to chapter 55 (§4321 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 4321 of Title 42 and Tables.
§59d. River Raisin, Michigan
The old channel of the River Raisin in Monroe County, Michigan, lying between the Monroe Harbor range front light and Raisin Point, its entrance into Lake Erie, is declared to be not a navigable stream of the United States within the meaning of the Constitution and the laws of the United States, and the consent of Congress is hereby given for the filling in of the old channel by the riparian owners on such channel.
(Pub. L. 89–298, title III, §308, Oct. 27, 1965, 79 Stat. 1094.)
§59e. Bayou Lafourche, Louisiana
Bayou Lafourche, in the State of Louisiana, between Canal Boulevard, city of Thibodaux, Parish of Lafourche, State of Louisiana, and the head of the bayou at its junction with the Mississippi River levee at the city of Donaldsonville, Parish of Ascension, State of Louisiana, is hereby declared to be a nonnavigable waterway of the United States within the meaning of the laws of the United States. The existing project for Bayou Lafourche, Louisiana, authorized by the Acts of August 30, 1935 (49 Stat. 1028) and July 14, 1960 (74 Stat. 480) is hereby deauthorized in the reach of Bayou Lafourche herein declared nonnavigable.
The right to alter, amend, or repeal this section is hereby expressly reserved.
(Pub. L. 90–149, Nov. 22, 1967, 81 Stat. 507.)
Editorial Notes
References in Text
The provisions of the Acts of August 30, 1935 (49 Stat. 1028) and July 14, 1960 (74 Stat. 480), referred to in text, authorizing the Bayou Lafourche, Louisiana, project, are not classified to the Code.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Portion of Bayou Lafourche Declared To Be Navigable Waterway
Pub. L. 101–595, title III, §314, Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 2987, provided that: "Bayou Lafourche, in the State of Louisiana, between the Percy Brown Road (Hwy 648), city of Thibodaux, parish of Lafourche, and the Southern Pacific Railroad bridge crossing the bayou, city of Thibodaux, parish of Lafourche, is declared to be navigable waterway of the United States under chapter 11 of title 33, United States Code."
§59e–1. Additional portion of Bayou Lafourche, Louisiana
Bayou Lafourche, in the State of Louisiana, between Canal Boulevard, city of Thibodaux, parish of Lafourche and the Southern Pacific Railroad bridge crossing the bayou, city of Thibodaux, parish of Lafourche, is hereby declared to be a nonnavigable waterway of the United States within the meaning of the General Bridge Act of 1946 (33 U.S.C. 525 et seq.).
(Pub. L. 99–307, §5, May 19, 1986, 100 Stat. 447.)
Editorial Notes
References in Text
The General Bridge Act of 1946, referred to in text, is title V of act Aug. 2, 1946, ch. 753, 60 Stat. 847, which is classified generally to subchapter III (§525 et seq.) of chapter 11 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 525 of this title and Tables.
§59f. Boston Inner Harbor and Fort Point Channel, Massachusetts
That portion of Boston Inner Harbor and Fort Point Channel in Suffolk County, Commonwealth of Massachusetts, lying within the following described area is hereby declared to be not a navigable water of the United States within the meaning of the laws of the United States: Beginning at the intersection of the northeasterly sideline of Northern Avenue and the westerly United States Pierhead Line of the Fort Point Channel and running northwesterly by the northwesterly sideline of Northern Avenue to the westerly sideline of Atlantic Avenue: thence turning and running northerly and northwesterly by the westerly sideline of Atlantic Avenue and of Commercial Street to the southeasterly sideline of Hanover Street; thence turning and running northeasterly by the southeasterly sideline of Hanover Street to the southwesterly property line of the United States Coast Guard Base; thence turning and running southeasterly by the southwesterly property line of the United States Coast Guard Base to the southeasterly property line of the United States Coast Guard Base; thence turning and running northeasterly by the southeasterly property line of the United States Coast Guard Base extended to the United States Pierhead Line; thence turning and running southeasterly, southerly and southwesterly by the United States Pierhead Line, to the point of beginning.
(Pub. L. 90–312, May 18, 1968, 82 Stat. 125.)
§59g. Steele and Washington Bayous, and Lake Washington, Mississippi
Steele Bayou, in Warren, Issaquena, Sharkey, and Washington Counties, Mississippi, Washington Bayou, in Issaquena and Washington Counties, Mississippi, and Lake Washington, in Washington County, Mississippi, are hereby declared to be nonnavigable within the meaning of the laws of the United States.
(Pub. L. 90–483, title I, §108(a), Aug. 13, 1968, 82 Stat. 735.)
§59h. San Francisco, California, Waterfront Area
(a) Area to be declared nonnavigable
The following area is declared to be nonnavigable waters of the United States: All of that portion of the City and County of San Francisco, California, lying shoreward of a line beginning at the intersection of the southerly right of way line of Earl Street prolongation with the Pierhead United States Government Pierhead line, the Pierhead line as defined in the State of California Harbor and Navigation Code Section 1770, as amended in 1961; thence northerly along said Pierhead line to its intersection with a line parallel with and distant 10 feet easterly from, the existing easterly boundary line of Pier 30–32; thence northerly along said parallel line and its northerly prolongation, to a point of intersection with a line parallel with, and distant 10 feet northerly from, the existing northerly boundary of Pier 30–32; thence westerly along last said parallel line to its intersection with said Pierhead line; thence northerly along said Pierhead line, to the intersection of the easterly right of way line of Van Ness Avenue, formerly Marlette Street, prolongation to the Pierhead line.
(b) Requirement that area be improved
The declaration of nonnavigability under subsection (a) applies only to those parts of the area described in subsection (a) that are or will be bulkheaded, filled, or otherwise occupied or covered by permanent structures and does not affect the applicability of any Federal statute or regulation that relates to filling of navigable waters or to other regulated activities within the area described in subsection (a), including sections 401 and 403 of this title, section 1344 of this title, and the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 [42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.].
(c) Inclusion of Embarcadero Historic District
Congress finds and declares that the area described in subsection (a) contains the seawall, piers, and wharves that comprise the Embarcadero Historic District listed on the National Register of Historic Places on May 12, 2006.
(Pub. L. 90–483, title I, §114, Aug. 13, 1968, 82 Stat. 736; Pub. L. 116–260, div. AA, title III, §316(a), Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 2706.)
Editorial Notes
References in Text
The National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, referred to in subsec. (b), is Pub. L. 91–190, Jan. 1, 1970, 83 Stat. 852, which is classified generally to chapter 55 (§4321 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 4321 of Title 42 and Tables.
Amendments
2020—Pub. L. 116–260 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section related to Northern Embarcadero area, San Francisco, California.
§59h–1. Repealed. Pub. L. 116–260, div. AA, title III, §316(b), Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 2706
Section, Pub. L. 110–114, title V, §5052, Nov. 8, 2007, 121 Stat. 1211, related to area of nonnavigability in the San Francisco, California, waterfront area.
§59i. Patapsco River, Maryland
That portion of the Northwest Branch of the Patapsco River located generally south of Pratt Street, east of Light Street, north of Key Highway, in the city of Baltimore, State of Maryland, and being more particularly described as all of that portion of the Northwest Branch of the Patapsco River lying west of a series of lines beginning at the point formed by the intersection of the south side of Pratt Street, as now laid out, and the west side of Pier 3 and running thence binding on the west side of Pier 3, south 04 degrees 19 minutes 47 seconds east 726.59 feet to the southwest corner of Pier 3; thence crossing the Northwest Branch of the Patapsco River, south 23 degrees 01 minutes 15 seconds west 855.36 feet to the point formed by the intersection of the existing pierhead and bulkhead line and the east side of Battery Avenue, last said point of intersection being the end of the first line of the fourth parcel of land conveyed by J. and F. Realty, Incorporated to Allegheny Pepsi-Cola Bottling Company by deed dated December 22, 1965, and recorded among the Land Record of Baltimore City in Liber J. F. C. numbered 2006 folio 345, the location of said pierhead and bulkhead line is based upon the Corps of Engineers, Baltimore District, Baltimore, Maryland, coordinate value for station LIV of said pierhead and bulkhead line, the coordinate value as referred to the Lambert grid plane coordinate system for the State of Maryland of said station LIV being east 2,111,161.40, north 527,709.27 and thence binding on the east side of Battery Avenue, south 03 degrees 09 minutes 07 seconds east 568 feet, more or less, to intersect the north side of Key Highway as now laid out and located is hereby declared to be not a navigable stream of the United States within the meaning of the laws of the United States, and the consent of Congress is hereby given for the filling in of all or any part of the described area.
(Pub. L. 90–483, title I, §115, Aug. 13, 1968, 82 Stat. 736.)
§59j. Delaware River, Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania; permanent structures
That portion of the Delaware River in Philadelphia County, Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, lying between all that certain lot or piece of ground situate in the second and fifth wards of the city of Philadelphia described as follows:
Beginning at a point on the easterly side of Delaware Avenue (variable width) said side being the bulkhead line of the Delaware River (approved by the Secretary of War on September 10, 1940), at the distance of 1,833.652 feet from an angle point on the easterly side of said Delaware Avenue south of Washington Avenue;
thence extending along the easterly side of said Delaware Avenue the following courses and distances, (1) north 0 degree 45 minutes 33.2 seconds west 2,524.698 feet to a point; (2) north 9 degrees 36 minutes 25 seconds east, 2,168.160 feet to a point; (3) north 13 degrees 26 minutes 45.8 seconds east, 2,039.270 feet to a point; (4) north 20 degrees 12 minutes 52.4 seconds east, 35.180 feet to an angle point in Delaware Avenue; thence continuing north 20 degrees 12 minutes 52.4 seconds east along the said bulkhead line, the distance of 574.970 feet to a point on the south house line of Callowhill Street produced;
thence extending along the south house line of Callowhill Street produced south 80 degrees 47 minutes 30.6 seconds east, the distance of 523.908 feet to a point on the pierhead line of the Delaware River (approved by the Secretary of War on September 10, 1940);
thence extending along the said pierhead line the following courses and distances, (1) south 17 degrees 52 minutes 48.5 seconds west, 605.262 feet to a point; (2) south 14 degrees 14 minutes 14.7 seconds west, 1,372.530 feet to a point; (3) south 10 degrees 37 minutes 35.3 seconds west, 1,252.160 feet to a point; (4) south 8 degrees 23 minutes 50.4 seconds west, 1,450.250 feet to a point; (5) south 2 degrees 22 minutes 45.9 seconds west, 1,221.670 feet to a point; (6) south 1 degree 4 minutes 36 seconds east, 1,468.775 feet to a point on the north house line of Catherine Street extended, thence extending north 76 degrees 56 minutes 29.2 seconds west, the distance of 555.911 feet to the first mentioned point and place of beginning is hereby declared not to be a navigable water of the United States within the meaning of the Constitution and laws of the United States, and the Consent of Congress is hereby given, for the filling or erection of permanent structures in all or any part of the described area.
(Pub. L. 92–605, §1, Oct. 31, 1972, 86 Stat. 1493.)
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Change of Name
Department of War designated Department of the Army and title of Secretary of War changed to Secretary of the Army by section 205(a) of act July 26, 1947, ch. 343, title II, 61 Stat. 501. Section 205(a) of act July 26, 1947, was repealed by section 53 of act Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 641. Section 1 of act Aug. 10, 1956, enacted "Title 10, Armed Forces" which in sections 3010 to 3013 continued Department of the Army under administrative supervision of Secretary of the Army.
Permanent Structures in Above-Described Area; Approval of Plans
Pub. L. 92–605, §2, Oct. 31, 1972, 86 Stat. 1494, provided that: "This declaration [this section] shall apply only to portions of the above-described area which are filled or occupied by permanent structures. No such filling or erection of structures in the above-described area shall be commenced until the plans therefor have been approved by the Secretary of the Army who shall, prior to granting such approval, give consideration to all factors affecting the general public interest and the impact of the proposed work on the environment."
§59j–1. Declaration of nonnavigability for portions of the Delaware River
(a) Area to be declared non-navigable; public interest
Unless the Secretary finds, after consultation with local and regional public officials (including local and regional public planning organizations), that the proposed projects in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to be undertaken within the boundaries described below, are not in the public interest then, subject to subsections (b) and (c) of this section, those portions of the Delaware River, bounded and described as follows, are declared to be non-navigable waters of the United States:
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(b) Limits on applicability; regulatory requirements
The declaration under subsection (a) shall apply only to those parts of the areas described in subsection (a) of this section which are or will be bulkheaded and filled or otherwise occupied by permanent structures, including marina facilities. All such work is subject to all applicable Federal statutes and regulations, including, but not necessarily limited to, sections 401 and 403 of this title, section 1344 of this title, and the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 [42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.].
(c) Expiration date
If, 20 years from November 17, 1988, any area or part thereof described in subsection (a) is not bulkheaded or filled or occupied by permanent structures, including marina facilities, in accordance with the requirements set out in subsection (b) of this section, or if work in connection with any activity permitted in subsection (b) is not commenced within 5 years after issuance of such permits, then the declaration of non-navigability for such area or part thereof shall expire. Notwithstanding the preceding sentence, the declaration of nonnavigability for the area described in subsection (a)(5), or any part thereof, shall not expire.
(Pub. L. 100–676, §38, Nov. 17, 1988, 102 Stat. 4032; Pub. L. 110–114, title III, §3181(g), Nov. 8, 2007, 121 Stat. 1162; Pub. L. 114–322, title I, §1310, Dec. 16, 2016, 130 Stat. 1694.)
Editorial Notes
References in Text
The National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, referred to in subsec. (b), is Pub. L. 91–190, Jan. 1, 1970, 83 Stat. 852, which is classified generally to chapter 55 (§4321 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 4321 of Title 42 and Tables.
Codification
The text of the boundary descriptions contained in pars. (1) to (5) of subsec. (a), which is not set out in the Code, appears at 102 Stat. 4032 to 4038.
Amendments
2016—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 114–322 struck out "(except 30 years from November 17, 1988, in the case of the area or any part thereof described in subsection (a)(5))" after "in subsection (a)" and inserted at end "Notwithstanding the preceding sentence, the declaration of nonnavigability for the area described in subsection (a)(5), or any part thereof, shall not expire."
2007—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 110–114 substituted "subsection (a) (except 30 years from November 17, 1988, in the case of the area or any part thereof described in subsection (a)(5))" for "subsection (a) of this section".
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
"Secretary" Defined
Secretary means the Secretary of the Army, see section 2 of Pub. L. 100–676, set out as a note under section 2201 of this title.
§59k. Wicomico River, Maryland
(a) If the Secretary of the Army acting through the Chief of Engineers, finds that the proposed project in Salisbury, Maryland, to be undertaken at the locations to be declared nonnavigable under this section is in the public interest, on the basis of engineering studies to determine the location and structural stability of any bulkheading and filling and permanent pile-supported structures, in order to preserve and maintain the remaining navigable waterway and on the basis of environmental studies conducted pursuant to the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 [42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.], then those portions of the South Prong of the Wicomico River in Wicomico County, State of Maryland, bounded and described as follows, are declared to be not a navigable water of the United States within the meaning of the laws of the United States, and the consent of Congress is hereby given, consistent with subsection (b) of this section, to the filling in of a part thereof or the erection of permanent pile-supported structures thereon: That portion of the South Prong of the Wicomico River in Salisbury, Maryland, bounded on the east by the west side of United States Route 13; on the west by the west side of the Mill Street Bridge; on the south by a line five feet landward from the present water's edge at high tide extending the entire length of the South Prong from the east boundary at United States Route 13 to the west boundary at the Mill Street Bridge; and on the north by a line five feet landward from the present water's edge at high tide extending the entire length of the South Prong from the east boundary at United States Route 13 to the west boundary at the Mill Street Bridge.
(b) This declaration shall apply only to the portions of the areas described in subsection (a) which are bulkheaded and filled or occupied by permanent pile-supported structures. Plans for bulkheading and filling and permanent pile-supported structures shall be approved by the Secretary of the Army, acting through the Chief of Engineers. Such bulkheaded and filled areas or areas occupied by permanent pile-supported structures shall not reduce the existing width of the Wicomico River to less than sixty feet and a minimum depth of five feet shall be maintained within such sixty-foot width of the Wicomico River. Local interests shall reimburse the Federal Government for engineering and all other costs incurred under this section.
(Pub. L. 93–251, title I, §97, Mar. 7, 1974, 88 Stat. 40.)
Editorial Notes
References in Text
The National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, referred to in text, is Pub. L. 91–190, Jan. 1, 1970, 83 Stat. 852, which is classified generally to chapter 55 (§4321 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 4321 of Title 42 and Tables.
§59l. Nonapplicability of prohibitions and provisions for review and approval concerning wharves and piers
The prohibitions and provisions for review and approval concerning wharves and piers in waters of the United States as set forth in sections 403 and 565 of this title shall not apply to any body of water located entirely within one State which is, or could be, considered to be a navigable body of water of the United States solely on the basis of historical use in interstate commerce.
(Pub. L. 94–587, §154, Oct. 22, 1976, 90 Stat. 2932.)
§59m. Lake Oswego, Oregon; Lake Coeur d'Alene, Idaho; and Lake George, New York
For the purposes of section 403 of this title the following bodies of water are declared nonnavigable: Lake Oswego, Oregon; Lake Coeur d'Alene, Idaho; and Lake George, New York.
(Pub. L. 94–587, §162, Oct. 22, 1976, 90 Stat. 2934.)
Editorial Notes
Codification
"Section 403 of this title" substituted in text for "section 10 of the Act of March 3, 1899 (30 Stat. 1151) (33 U.S.C. 401)" as the probable intent of Congress in that section 10 of said act is set out as section 403 of this title while section 401 of this title is based on section 9 of the act of Mar. 3, 1899.
§59n. Hudson River, Hudson County, New Jersey
(a) If the Secretary of the Army, acting through the Chief of Engineers, finds that the proposed project to be erected at the location to be declared nonnavigable under this section is in the public interest, on the basis of engineering studies to determine the location and structural stability of any bulkheading and filling and permanent pile-supported structure, in order to preserve and maintain the remaining navigable waterway and on the basis of environmental studies conducted pursuant to the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 [42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.], then that portion of the Hudson River in Hudson County, State of New Jersey, bounded and described as follows is hereby declared to be nonnavigable water of the United States within the meaning of the laws of the United States, and the consent of Congress is hereby given to the filling in of all or any part thereof and the erection of permanent pile-supported structures thereon:
Such portion is in the township of North Bergen in the county of Hudson and State of New Jersey, and is more particularly described as follows: At a point in the easterly right-of-way of New Jersey Shore Line Railroad (formerly New Jersey Junction Railroad) said point being located northerly, measured along said easterly right-of-way, 81.93 feet from Station 54+42.4 as shown on construction drawing dated May 23, 1931, of River Road, filed in the Office of the Hudson County Engineer, Jersey City, New Jersey:
thence (1) northerly and along said easterly right-of-way on a bearing of north 12 degrees 11 minutes 14 seconds east, a distance of 280 feet to a point;
thence (2) south 75 degrees 28 minutes 24 seconds east, a distance of 310 feet to a point;
thence (3) south 17 degrees 15 minutes 41 seconds east, a distance of 101.70 feet to a point;
thence (4) south 62 degrees 18 minutes 12 seconds east a distance of 355.64 feet to a point in the exterior solid fill line of April 7, 1903, and the bulkhead line of April 28, 1904, on the Hudson River;
thence (5) along said exterior solid fill and bulkhead lines south 28 degrees 55 minutes 51 seconds west, a distance of 523 feet to a point in the northerly line of lands now or formerly of New York State Realty and Terminal Company;
thence (6) north 61 degrees 34 minutes 29 seconds west, and along said northerly line of the New York State Realty and Terminal Company, a distance of 590.08 feet to a point in the aforementioned easterly right-of-way of the New Jersey Shore Line Railroad;
thence (7) northerly and along said easterly right-of-way of the New Jersey Shore Line Railroad on a curve to the left a radius of 995.09 feet, an arc length of 170.96 feet to a point therein;
thence (8) northerly, still along the same, on a bearing of north 12 degrees 11 minutes 14 seconds east, a distance of 81.93 feet to the point and place of beginning.
Said parcel containing 8 acres being the same more or less.
(b) The declaration in subsection (a) of this section shall apply only to portions of the above-described area which are either bulkheaded and filled or occupied by permanent pile-supported structures. Plans for bulkheading and filling and permanent pile-supported structures shall be approved by the Secretary of the Army, acting through the Chief of Engineers. Local interests shall reimburse the Federal Government for engineering and all other costs incurred under this section.
(Pub. L. 94–587, §178, Oct. 22, 1976, 90 Stat. 2937.)
Editorial Notes
References in Text
The National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, referred to in subsec. (a), is Pub. L. 91–190, Jan. 1, 1970, 83 Stat. 852, which is classified generally to chapter 55 (§4321 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 4321 of Title 42 and Tables.
§59n–1. Caven Point, New Jersey
That portion of the Hudson River in the New York Bay consisting of—
(1) all that piece or parcel of land, containing 120.54 acres, situate, lying and being in the city of Jersey City, Hudson County, State of New Jersey, upon or around that certain lot or piece of land known as the Caven Point Area; and
(2) all that piece or parcel of land, containing 18 acres more or less, situate on the northwesterly side of New Jersey State Highway Route 185,
more particularly described in the Congressional Record dated March 11, 1986, pages S2446–2447, is hereby declared to be not a navigable water of the United States within the meaning of the Constitution and the laws of the United States, except for the purposes of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act [33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.].
(Pub. L. 99–662, title XI, §1118, Nov. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 4237.)
Editorial Notes
References in Text
For Congressional Record dated March 11, 1986, pages S2446–2447, referred to in text, see Cong. Rec., vol. 132, pt. 3, pp. 4342–4343, Mar. 11, 1986.
The Federal Water Pollution Control Act, referred to in text, is act June 30, 1948, ch. 758, as amended generally by Pub. L. 92–500, §2, Oct. 18, 1972, 86 Stat. 816, which is classified generally to chapter 26 (§1251 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1251 of this title and Tables.
§59o. Hackensack River, Hudson County, New Jersey
(a) If the Secretary of the Army, acting through the Chief of Engineers finds that the proposed project to be erected at the location to be declared nonnavigable under this section is in the public interest, on the basis of engineering studies to determine the location and structural stability of any bulkheading and filling and permanent pile-supported structure, in order to preserve and maintain the remaining navigable waterway, and on the basis of environmental studies conducted pursuant to the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 [42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.], then those portions of the Hackensack River in Hudson County, State of New Jersey, bounded and described as follows are hereby declared to be nonnavigable waters of the United States within the meaning of the laws of the United States, and the consent of Congress is hereby given to the filling in of all or any part thereof and the erection of permanent pile-supported structures thereon:
Beginning at a point where the southeasterly shoreline (mean high water line) of the Hackensack River intersects the easterly line of the Erie Railroad said point property being 2,015.38 feet northerly along said railroad property from where it intersects the northerly line of the Meadowlands Parkway (100 feet wide) and running from:
thence north 19 degrees 20 minutes 54 seconds west 50.00 feet;
thence north 37 degrees 30 minutes 08 seconds east 615.38 feet;
thence north 03 degrees 02 minutes 56 seconds east, 2,087 feet;
thence north 31 degrees 11 minutes 06 seconds east 577 feet;
thence north 74 degrees 29 minutes 18 seconds east 541.25 feet;
thence south 62 degrees 01 minutes 31 seconds east 400 feet;
thence south 55 degrees 46 minutes 27 seconds east 612.52 feet;
thence south 34 degrees 13 minutes 33 seconds west 517.79 feet;
thence south 55 degrees 46 minutes 27 seconds east 158.81 feet;
thence south 34 degrees 13 minutes 33 seconds west 310 feet;
thence north 55 degrees 26 minutes 27 seconds north 15 feet;
thence south 34 degrees 13 minutes 33 seconds west 592 feet;
thence running in a southwesterly direction along the shoreline (mean high water line) of the Hackensack River, a distance of 2,360 feet being the same more or less to the easterly property line of the Erie Railroad and the point or place of beginning.
Said parcel containing 67.6 acres being the same more or less.
(b) The declaration in subsection (a) of this section shall apply only to portions of the described area which are either bulkheaded and filled or occupied by permanent pile-supported structures. Plans for bulkheading and filling and permanent pile-supported structures shall be approved by the Secretary of the Army, acting through the Chief of Engineers. Local interests shall reimburse the Federal Government for engineering and all other costs incurred under this section.
(Pub. L. 94–587, §179, Oct. 22, 1976, 90 Stat. 2938.)
Editorial Notes
References in Text
The National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, referred to in subsec. (a), is Pub. L. 91–190, Jan. 1, 1970, 83 Stat. 852, which is classified generally to chapter 55 (§4321 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 4321 of Title 42 and Tables.
§59p. Kenduskeag Stream, Penobscot County, Maine
The Kenduskeag Stream, a minor tributary of the Penobscot River, located in Penobscot County, in the State of Maine, be, and the same is hereby, declared to be a nonnavigable waterway within the meaning of the Constitution and laws of the United States of America.
The right of Congress to alter, amend, or repeal this section is hereby expressly reserved.
(July 11, 1947, ch. 236, 61 Stat. 316.)
§59q. Erie Basin, Buffalo Harbor, New York
That portion of the Erie Basin in the Buffalo Harbor lying within the following described area is hereby declared to be not a navigable water of the United States within the meaning of the Constitution and the laws of the United States.
(Pub. L. 96–520, §1, Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 3033.)
Editorial Notes
References in Text
The following described area, referred to in text, refers to the metes and bounds description of that portion of the Erie Basin in the Buffalo Harbor set out in the second paragraph of section 1 of Pub. L. 96–520, Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 3033–3035, which is not classified to the Code.
§59q–1. Union Canal, Outer Buffalo Harbor, New York
The portion of the Union Canal, also known as the Union Ship Canal, an appendage of the Buffalo Outer Harbor, located in the City of Buffalo, State of New York, is declared to be a nonnavigable waterway of the United States within the meaning of the General Bridge Act of 1946 (33 U.S.C. 525, et seq.) from a point two hundred feet west of Fuhrmann Boulevard east to its terminus.
(Pub. L. 100–202, §101(l) [title III, §332], Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1329–358, 1329-384.)
Editorial Notes
References in Text
The General Bridge Act of 1946, referred to in text, is title V of act Aug. 2, 1946, ch. 753, 60 Stat. 847, which is classified generally to subchapter III (§525 et seq.) of chapter 11 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 525 of this title and Tables.
§59r. Trent River, Craven County, North Carolina
Those portions of the Trent River in the city of New Bern, county of Craven, State of North Carolina, bounded and described in Committee Print 95–56 of the Committee on Public Works and Transportation of the House of Representatives are hereby declared to be nonnavigable waters of the United States within the meaning of the laws of the United States.
(Pub. L. 96–520, §3, Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 3036.)
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Change of Name
Committee on Public Works and Transportation of House of Representatives treated as referring to Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of House of Representatives by section 1(a) of Pub. L. 104–14, set out as a note preceding section 21 of Title 2, The Congress.
§59s. Green River, Washington
For the purposes of section 401 of this title, the portion of the Green River in the State of Washington lying upstream from that State Highway 516 bridge which is in existence on October 26, 1981, is hereby declared to be not a navigable waterway.
(Pub. L. 97–68, §2(b), Oct. 26, 1981, 95 Stat. 1040.)
§59t. Burnham Canal, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
The portion of the Burnham Canal, in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, which is underneath and west of a point one hundred feet east of South Eleventh Street is declared to be not a navigable water of the United States within the meaning of the Constitution and laws of the United States. The right to alter, amend, or repeal this section is hereby expressly reserved.
(Pub. L. 97–468, title V, §503, Jan. 14, 1983, 96 Stat. 2552.)
§59u. Lawyer's Ditch, Essex County, New Jersey
The body of water known as Lawyer's Ditch located at block 5,000 in the city of Newark, county of Essex, New Jersey, is declared to be a nonnavigable waterway of the United States within the meaning of the General Bridge Act of 1946 (33 U.S.C. 525 et seq.).
(Pub. L. 99–307, §3, May 19, 1986, 100 Stat. 446.)
Editorial Notes
References in Text
The General Bridge Act of 1946, referred to in text, is title V of act Aug. 2, 1946, ch. 753, 60 Stat. 847, which is classified generally to subchapter III (§525 et seq.) of chapter 11 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 525 of this title and Tables.
§59v. Middle River, Maryland
(a) Description
That portion of the waterway in which is located Dark Head Creek in the community of Middle River, Baltimore County, Maryland, lying northwest of a line extending south 68 degrees 37 minutes 56 seconds west from a point (227.50 feet from the northeast corner of the existing bulkhead and pier line) whose coordinates in the Maryland State Coordinate System are north 544967.24 and east 962701.05 (latitude north 39 degrees 19 minutes 42 seconds and longitude west 76 degrees 25 minutes 29.5 seconds) and thence south 44 degrees 48 minutes 20 seconds west, 350.12 feet to a point (at the southwest corner of the existing bulkhead and pier line) whose coordinates in the Maryland State Coordinate System are north 544635.94 and east 962242.46 (latitude north 39 degrees 19 minutes 39 seconds and longitude west 76 degrees 25 minutes 35.4 seconds), is declared to be a nonnavigable water of the United States for purposes of the navigation servitude.
(b) Pierhead and bulkhead line of Dark Head Creek
The line described in subsection (a) shall be established as a combined pierhead and bulkhead line of Dark Head Creek.
(c) Previously authorized projects
Any project heretofore authorized by any Act of Congress, insofar as such project is within the boundaries of Dark Head Creek as described in subsection (a), is not authorized after November 17, 1986.
(d) Reservation of rights
The right to alter, amend, or repeal this section is hereby expressly reserved.
(Pub. L. 99–662, title XI, §1160, Nov. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 4257.)
§59w. Norton Basin and Jamaica Bay, New York
The two portions of Norton Basin and Jamaica Bay, New York, that are particularly described in Committee Print 99–58 of the Committee on Public Works and Transportation of the House of Representatives are hereby declared to be nonnavigable waters of the United States for purposes of the navigation servitude.
(Pub. L. 99–662, title XI, §1168, Nov. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 4259.)
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Change of Name
Committee on Public Works and Transportation of House of Representatives treated as referring to Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of House of Representatives by section 1(a) of Pub. L. 104–14, set out as a note preceding section 21 of Title 2, The Congress.
§59x. Exemption from General Bridge Act of 1946
(a) Waters declared nonnavigable
The waters described in subsection (b) are declared to be nonnavigable waters of the United States for purposes of the General Bridge Act of 1946 (33 U.S.C. 525 et seq.).
(b) Waters described
The waters referred to in subsection (a) are a drainage canal which—
(1) is an unnamed tributary of the creek known as Newton Creek, located at block 641 (formerly designated as block 860) in the city of Camden, New Jersey;
(2) originates at the north bank of Newton Creek approximately 1,200 feet east of the confluence of Newton Creek and the Delaware River; and
(3) terminates at drainage culverts on the west side of Interstate Highway 676.
(Pub. L. 100–448, §16, Sept. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 1845; Pub. L. 100–457, title III, §325, Sept. 30, 1988, 102 Stat. 2150.)
Editorial Notes
References in Text
The General Bridge Act of 1946, referred to in subsec. (a), is title V of act Aug. 2, 1946, ch. 753, 60 Stat. 847, which is classified generally to subchapter III (§525 et seq.) of chapter 11 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 525 of this title and Tables.
Codification
Pub. L. 100–448 and Pub. L. 100–457 enacted identical sections.
§59y. Declaration of nonnavigability for portions of Coney Island Creek and Gravesend Bay, New York
(a) Area to be declared non-navigable; public interest
Unless the Secretary finds, after consultation with local and regional public officials (including local and regional public planning organizations), that the proposed projects to be undertaken within the boundaries in the portions of Coney Island Creek and Gravesend Bay, New York, described below, are not in the public interest then, subject to subsections (b) and (c) of this section, those portions of such Creek and Bay, bounded and described as follows, are declared to be non-navigable waters of the United States:
Beginning at the corner formed by the intersection of the Westerly Line of Cropsey Avenue, and the Northernmost United States Pierhead Line of Coney Island Creek.
Running thence south 12 degrees 41 minutes 03 seconds E and along the westerly line of Cropsey Avenue, 98.72 feet to the northerly channel line as shown on Corps of Engineers Map Numbered F. 150 and on Survey by Rogers and Giollorenzo Numbered 13959 dated October 31, 1986.
Running thence in a westerly direction and along the said northerly channel line the following bearings and distances:
South 48 degrees 59 minutes 27 seconds west, 118.77 feet; south 37 degrees 07 minutes 01 seconds west, 232.00 feet; south 23 degrees 17 minutes 10 seconds west, 430.03 feet; south 31 degrees 25 minutes 46 seconds west, 210.95 feet; south 79 degrees 22 minutes 49 seconds west, 244.18 feet; north 55 degrees 00 minutes 29 seconds west, 183.10 feet; north 41 degrees 47 minutes 04 seconds west, 315.16 feet;
North 41 degrees 17 minutes 43 seconds west, 492.47 feet to the said Pierhead Line; thence north 73 degrees 58 minutes 40 seconds west and along said pierhead line, 2,665.25 feet to the intersection of the United States bulkhead line;
Thence north 0 degree 19 minutes 35 seconds west and along the United States Bulkhead line 1,138.50 feet to the intersection of the westerly prolongation of the center line of 26th Avenue,
Thence north 58 degrees 25 minutes 06 seconds east and along the center line of said 26th Avenue, 2,320.85 feet to the westerly line of Cropsey Avenue, then southeasterly and along the southerly line of Cropsey Avenue the following bearings and distances:
South 31 degrees 34 minutes 54 seconds east, 4,124.59 feet; and
South 12 degrees 41 minutes 03 seconds east, 710.74 feet to the point or place of beginning.
Coordinates and bearings are in the system as established by the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey for the Borough of Brooklyn. The Secretary shall make the public interest determination separately for each proposed project, using reasonable discretion, within 150 days after submission of appropriate plans for each proposed project.
(b) Limits on applicability; regulatory requirements
The declaration under subsection (a) shall apply only to those parts of the areas described in subsection (a) of this section which are or will be bulkheaded and filled or otherwise occupied by permanent structures, including marina facilities. All such work is subject to all applicable Federal statutes and regulations, including, but not necessarily limited to, sections 401 and 403 of this title, section 1344 of this title, and the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 [42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.].
(c) Expiration date
If, 20 years from November 17, 1988, any area or part thereof described in subsection (a) of this section is not bulkheaded or filled or occupied by permanent structures, including marina facilities, in accordance with the requirements set out in subsection (b) of this section, or if work in connection with any activity permitted in subsection (b) is not commenced within 5 years after issuance of such permits, then the declaration of non-navigability for such area or part thereof shall expire.
(Pub. L. 100–676, §39, Nov. 17, 1988, 102 Stat. 4039.)
Editorial Notes
References in Text
The National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, referred to in subsec. (b), is Pub. L. 91–190, Jan. 1, 1970, 83 Stat. 852, which is classified generally to chapter 55 (§4321 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 4321 of Title 42 and Tables.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
"Secretary" Defined
Secretary means the Secretary of the Army, see section 2 of Pub. L. 100–676, set out as a note under section 2201 of this title.
§59z. Declaration of nonnavigability of bodies of water in Ridgefield, New Jersey
The three bodies of water located at block 4004, lots 1 and 2, and block 4003, lot 1, in the Borough of Ridgefield, County of Bergen, New Jersey, which have their mouths at the Hackensack River at 40 degrees 49 minutes 58 seconds north latitude and 74 degrees 01 minute 46 seconds west longitude, 40 degrees 49 minutes 46 seconds north latitude and 74 degrees 01 minute 55 seconds west longitude, and 40 degrees 49 minutes 35 seconds north latitude and 74 degrees 02 minutes 04 seconds west longitude, respectively, and the body of water located at block 4006, lot 1, in the Borough of Ridgefield, County of Bergen, New Jersey, which has its mouth at the Hackensack River at 40 degrees 49 minutes 15 seconds north latitude and 74 degrees 01 minute 52 seconds west longitude, are declared to be nonnavigable waterways of the United States within the meaning of the General Bridge Act of 1946 (33 U.S.C. 525 et seq.) and section 401 of this title.
(Pub. L. 100–676, §54, Nov. 17, 1988, 102 Stat. 4046.)
Editorial Notes
References in Text
The General Bridge Act of 1946, referred to in text, is title V of act Aug. 2, 1946, ch. 753, 60 Stat. 847, which is classified generally to subchapter III (§525 et seq.) of chapter 11 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 525 of this title and Tables.
§59aa. Nonnavigability of Wisconsin River
The portion of the Wisconsin River above the hydroelectric dam at Prairie du Sac, Wisconsin, is hereby declared to be a nonnavigable waterway of the United States for purposes of title 46, including but not limited to the provisions of such title relating to vessel inspection and vessel licensure, and the other maritime laws of the United States.
(Pub. L. 101–595, title III, §318, Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 2988.)
§59bb. Declaration of nonnavigability for portions of Lake Erie
(a) Area to be declared nonnavigable; public interest
Unless the Secretary finds, after consultation with local and regional public officials (including local and regional public planning organizations), that the proposed projects to be undertaken within the boundaries of Lake Erie described in Committee Print 101–48 of the Committee on Public Works and Transportation of the House of Representatives, dated July 1990, are not in the public interest then, subject to subsections (b) and (c) of this section, those portions of Lake Erie, bounded and described in such Committee print, are declared to be nonnavigable waters of the United States.
(b) Limits on applicability; regulatory requirements
The declaration under subsection (a) shall apply only to those parts of the areas described in the Committee print referred to in subsection (a) which are or will be bulkheaded and filled or otherwise occupied by permanent structures, including marina facilities. All such work is subject to all applicable Federal statutes and regulations including, but not limited to, sections 401 and 403 of this title, section 1344 of this title, and the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 [42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.].
(c) Expiration date
If, 20 years from November 28, 1990, any area or part thereof described in the Committee print referred to in subsection (a) is not bulkheaded or filled or occupied by permanent structures, including marina facilities, in accordance with the requirements set out in subsection (b), or if work in connection with any activity permitting 1 in subsection (b) is not commenced within 5 years after issuance of such permits, then the declaration of nonnavigability for such area or part thereof shall expire.
(Pub. L. 101–640, title IV, §408, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4647.)
Editorial Notes
References in Text
The National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, referred to in subsec. (b), is Pub. L. 91–190, Jan. 1, 1970, 83 Stat. 852, which is classified generally to chapter 55 (§4321 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 4321 of Title 42 and Tables.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Change of Name
Committee on Public Works and Transportation of House of Representatives treated as referring to Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of House of Representatives by section 1(a) of Pub. L. 104–14, set out as a note preceding section 21 of Title 2, The Congress.
"Secretary" Defined
Secretary means the Secretary of the Army, see section 2 of Pub. L. 101–640, set out as a note under section 2201 of this title.
1 So in original. Probably should be "permitted".
§59bb–1. Declaration of nonnavigability for Lake Erie, New York
(a) Area to be declared nonnavigable; public interest
Unless the Secretary finds, after consultation with local and regional public officials (including local and regional public planning organizations), that the proposed projects to be undertaken within the boundaries in the portion of Erie County, New York, described in subsection (b), are not in the public interest then, subject to subsection (c), those portions of such county that were once part of Lake Erie and are now filled are declared to be nonnavigable waters of the United States.
(b) Boundaries
The portion of Erie County, New York, referred to in subsection (a) is all that tract or parcel of land, situated in the town of Hamburg and the city of Lackawanna, Erie County, New York, being part of Lots 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, and 25 of the Ogden Gore Tract and part of Lots 23, 24, and 36 of the Buffalo Creek Reservation, Township 10, Range 8 of the Holland Land Company's Survey and more particularly bounded and described as follows:
[Omitted.]
(c) Limits on applicability; regulatory requirements
The declaration under subsection (a) shall apply to those parts of the areas described in subsection (b) that are filled portions of Lake Erie. Any work on these filled portions shall be subject to all applicable Federal statutes and regulations, including sections 401 and 403 of this title, section 1344 of this title, and the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.).
(d) Expiration date
If, 20 years from December 11, 2000, any area or part thereof described in subsection (a) is not occupied by permanent structures in accordance with the requirements set out in subsection (c), or if work in connection with any activity permitted in subsection (c) is not commenced within 5 years after issuance of such permits, then the declaration of nonnavigability for such area or part thereof shall expire.
(Pub. L. 106–541, title III, §346, Dec. 11, 2000, 114 Stat. 2614.)
Editorial Notes
References in Text
The National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, referred to in subsec. (c), is Pub. L. 91–190, Jan. 1, 1970, 83 Stat. 852, which is classified generally to chapter 55 (§4321 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 4321 of Title 42 and Tables.
Codification
The provisions of subsec. (b) of this section, which contain the text of the boundary descriptions, have been omitted. Such provisions appear at 114 Stat. 2614 to 2618.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
"Secretary" Defined
Secretary means the Secretary of the Army, see section 2 of Pub. L. 106–541, set out as a note under section 2201 of this title.
§59cc. Declaration of nonnavigability of portion of Hudson River, New York
(a) Declaration of nonnavigability
Subject to subsections (c), (d), and (e), the area described in subsection (b) is declared to be nonnavigable waters of the United States.
(b) Area subject to declaration
The area described in this subsection is the portion of the Hudson River, New York, described as follows (according to coordinates and bearings in the system used on the Borough Survey, Borough President's Office, New York, New York):
Beginning at a point in the United States Bulkhead Line approved by the Secretary of War, July 31, 1941, having a coordinate of north 1918.003 west 9806.753;
Running thence easterly, on the arc of a circle curving to the left, whose radial line bears north 3°–44′–20″ east, having a radius of 390.00 feet and a central angle of 22°–05′–50″, 150.41 feet to a point of tangency;
Thence north 71°–38′–30″ east, 42.70 feet;
Thence south 11°–05′–40″ east, 33.46 feet;
Thence south 78°–54′–20″ west, 0.50 feet;
Thence south 11°–05′–40″ east, 2.50 feet;
Thence north 78°–54′–20″ east, 0.50 feet;
Thence south 11°–05′–40″ east, 42.40 feet to a point of curvature;
Thence southerly, on the arc of a circle curving to the right, having a radius of 220.00 feet and a central angle of 16°–37′–40″, 63.85 feet to a point of compound curvature;
Thence still southerly, on the arc of a circle curving to the right, having a radius of 150.00 feet and a central angle of 38°–39′–00″, 101.19 feet to another point of compound curvature;
Thence westerly, on the arc of a circle curving to the right, having a radius of 172.05 feet and a central angle of 32°–32′–03″, 97.69 feet to a point of curve intersection;
Thence south 13°–16′–57″ east, 50.86 feet to a point of curve intersection;
Thence westerly, on the arc of a circle curving to the left, whose radial bears north 13°–16′–57″ west, having a radius of 6.00 feet and a central angle of 180°–32′–31″, 18.91 feet to a point of curve intersection;
Thence southerly, on the arc of a circle curving to the left, whose radial line bears north 75°–37′–11″ east, having a radius of 313.40 feet and a central angle of 4°–55′–26″, 26.93 feet to a point of curve intersection;
Thence south 70°–41′–45″ west, 36.60 feet;
Thence north 13°–45′–00″ west, 42.87 feet;
Thence south 76°–15′–00″ west, 15.00 feet;
Thence south 13°–45′–00″ east, 44.33 feet;
Thence south 70°–41′–45″ west, 128.09 feet to a point in the United States Pierhead Line approved by the Secretary of War, 1936;
Thence north 63°–08′–48″ west, along the United States Pierhead Line approved by the Secretary of War, 1936, 114.45 feet to an angle point therein;
Thence north 61°–08′–00″ west, still along the United States Pierhead Line approved by the Secretary of War, 1936, 202.53 feet;
The following three courses being along the lines of George Soilan Park as shown on map prepared by The City of New York, adopted by the Board of Estimate, November 13, 1981, Acc. N° 30071 and lines of property leased to Battery Park City Authority and B. P. C. Development Corp;
Thence north 77°–35′–20″ east, 231.35 feet;
Thence north 12°–24′–40″ west, 33.92 feet;
Thence north 54°–49′–00″ east, 171.52 feet to a point in the United States Bulkhead Line approved by the Secretary of War, July 31, 1941;
Thence north 12°–24′–40″ west, along the United States Bulkhead Line approved by the Secretary of War, July 31, 1941, 62.26 feet to the point or place of beginning; 1
(c) Determination of public interest
The declaration made in subsection (a) shall not take effect if the Secretary of the Army (acting through the Chief of Engineers), using reasonable discretion, finds that the proposed project is not in the public interest—
(1) before the date which is 120 days after the date of the submission to the Secretary of appropriate plans for the proposed project; and
(2) after consultation with local and regional public officials (including local and regional public planning organizations).
(d) Limitation on applicability of declaration
(1) Affected area
The declaration made in subsection (a) shall apply only to those portions of the area described in subsection (b) which are or will be occupied by permanent structures (including docking facilities) comprising the proposed project.
(2) Application of other laws
Notwithstanding subsection (a), all activities conducted in the area described in subsection (b) are subject to all Federal laws which apply to such activities, including—
(A) sections 401 and 403 of this title;
(B) section 1344 of this title; and
(C) the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.).
(e) Expiration date
The declaration made in subsection (a) shall expire—
(1) on the date which is 6 years after December 18, 1991, if work on the proposed project to be performed in the area described in subsection (b) is not commenced before such date; or
(2) on the date which is 20 years after December 18, 1991, for any portion of the area described in subsection (b) which on such date is not bulkheaded, filled, or occupied by a permanent structure (including docking facilities).
(f) "Proposed project" defined
For the purposes of this section, the term "proposed project" means any project for the rehabilitation and development of—
(1) the structure located in the area described in subsection (b), commonly referred to as Pier A; and
(2) the area surrounding such structure.
(Pub. L. 102–240, title I, §1078, Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 2015.)
Editorial Notes
References in Text
The National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, referred to in subsec. (d)(2)(C), is Pub. L. 91–190, Jan. 1, 1970, 83 Stat. 852, which is classified generally to chapter 55 (§4321 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 4321 of Title 42 and Tables.
1 So in original. The semicolon probably should be a period.
§59dd. Declaration of nonnavigability of portions of Cleveland Harbor, Ohio
(a) to (c) Omitted
(d) Area to be declared nonnavigable; public interest
Unless the Secretary of the Army finds, after consultation with local and regional public officials (including local and regional public planning organizations), that the proposed projects to be undertaken within the boundaries in the portions of Cleveland Harbor, Ohio, described below, are not in the public interest then, subject to subsections (e) and (f) of this section, those portions of such Harbor, bounded and described as follows, are declared to be nonnavigable waters of the United States:
Situated in the City of Cleveland, Cuyahoga County and State of Ohio, T7N, R13W and being more fully described as follows:
Beginning at an iron pin monument at the intersection of the centerline of East 9th Street (99 feet wide) with the centerline of relocated Erieside Avenue, N.E., (70 feet wide) at Cleveland Regional Geodetic Survey Grid System, (CRGS) coordinates N92,679.734, E86,085.955;
Thence south 56°–06′–52″ west on the centerline of relocated Erieside Avenue, N.E., a distance of 89.50 feet to a drill hole set.
Thence north 33°–53′–08″ west a distance of 35.00 feet to a drill hole set on the north-westerly right-of-way line of relocated Erieside Avenue, N.E., said point being the true place of beginning of the parcel herein described.
Thence south 56°–06′–52″ west on the northwesterly right-of-way line of relocated Erieside Avenue, N.E., a distance of 23.39 feet to a 5/8 inch re-bar set;
Thence southwesterly on the northwesterly right-of-way line of relocated Erieside Avenue, N.E., along the arc of a curve to the left with a radius of 335.00 feet, and whose chord bears south 42°–36′–52″ west 156.41 feet, an arc distance of 157.87 feet to a 5/8 inch re-bar set;
Thence south 29°–06′–52″ west on the northwesterly right-of-way line of relocated Erieside Avenue, N.E., a distance of 119.39 feet to a 5/8 inch re-bar set;
Thence southwesterly on the northwesterly right-of-way of relocated Erieside Avenue, N.E., along the arc of a curve to the right with a radius of 665.00 feet, and whose chord bears south 32°–22′–08″ west 75.50 feet, an arc distance of 75.54 feet to a 5/8 inch re-bar set;
Thence north 33°–53′–08″ west a distance of 279.31 feet to a drill hole set;
Thence south 56°–06′–52″ west a distance of 37.89 feet to a drill hole set;
Thence north 33°–53′–08″ west a distance of 127.28 feet to a point;
Thence north 11°–06′–52″ east a distance of 225.00 feet to a point;
Thence south 78°–53′–08″ east a distance of 150.00 feet to a drill hole set;
Thence north 11°–06′–52″ east a distance of 32.99 feet to a drill hole set;
Thence north 33°–53′–08″ east a distance of 46.96 feet to a drill hole set;
Thence north 56°–06′–52″ east a distance of 140.36 feet to a drill hole set on the southwesterly right-of-way line of East 9th Street;
Thence south 33°–53′–08″ east on the southwesterly right-of-way line of East 9th Street a distance of 368.79 feet to a drill hole set;
Thence southwesterly along the arc of a curve to the right with a radius of 40.00 feet, and whose chord bears south 11°–06′–52″ west 56.57 feet, an arc distance of 62.83 feet to the true place of beginning containing 174,764 square feet (4.012 acres) more or less.
(e) Limits on applicability; regulatory requirements
The declaration under subsection (d) shall apply only to those parts of the areas described in subsection (d) which are or will be bulkheaded and filled or otherwise occupied by permanent structures, including marina facilities. All such work is subject to all applicable Federal statutes and regulations, including sections 401 and 403 of this title, section 1344 of this title, and the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 [42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.].
(f) Expiration date
If, 20 years from December 18, 1991, any area or part thereof described in subsection (d) is not bulkheaded or filled or occupied by permanent structures, including marina facilities, in accordance with the requirements set out in subsection (e) of this section, or if work in connection with any activity permitted in subsection (e) is not commenced within 5 years after issuance of such permit, then the declaration of nonnavigability for such area or part thereof shall expire.
(Pub. L. 102–240, title I, §1079, Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 2017.)
Editorial Notes
References in Text
The National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, referred to in subsec. (e), is Pub. L. 91–190, Jan. 1, 1970, 83 Stat. 852, which is classified generally to chapter 55 (§4321 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 4321 of Title 42 and Tables.
Codification
Section is comprised of section 1079 of Pub. L. 102–240. Subsections (a), (b), and (c) of section 1079 of Pub. L. 102–240 provided for deauthorization of a portion of a project for harbor modification of Cleveland Harbor which was authorized by section 202(a) of the Water Resources Development Act of 1986, Pub. L. 99–662, title II, Nov. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 4095, which is not classified to the Code.
§59ee. Portion of Sacramento River Barge Canal declared to not be navigable waters of United States
For purposes of bridge administration, the Sacramento River Barge Canal, which connects the Sacramento Deep Water Ship Channel with the Sacramento River in West Sacramento, Yolo County, California, is declared to not be navigable waters of the United States for purposes of the General Bridge Act of 1946 (33 U.S.C. 525 et seq.) from the eastern boundary of the Port of Sacramento to a point 1,200 feet east of the William G. Stone Lock.
(Pub. L. 102–241, §34, Dec. 19, 1991, 105 Stat. 2223.)
Editorial Notes
References in Text
The General Bridge Act of 1946, referred to in text, is title V of act Aug. 2, 1946, ch. 753, 60 Stat. 847, which is classified generally to subchapter III (§525 et seq.) of chapter 11 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 525 of this title and Tables.
§59ee–1. Declaration of nonnavigability for portion of Sacramento Deep Water Ship Channel
All waters within such portion of the project are declared to be nonnavigable waters of the United States solely for the purposes of the General Bridge Act of 1946 (33 U.S.C. 525 et seq.) and section 401 of this title.
(Pub. L. 106–541, title III, §347(a)(2), Dec. 11, 2000, 114 Stat. 2618.)
Editorial Notes
References in Text
"Such portion of the project", referred to in text, means "The portion of the project for navigation, Sacramento Deep Water Ship Channel, California, authorized by section 202(a) of the Water Resources Development Act of 1986 (100 Stat. 4092), beginning from the confluence of the Sacramento River and the Barge Canal to a point 3,300 feet west of the William G. Stone Lock western gate (including the William G. Stone Lock and the Bascule Bridge and Barge Canal)." See first sentence of section 347(a)(2) of Pub. L. 106–541, Dec. 11, 2000, 114 Stat. 2618.
The General Bridge Act of 1946, referred to in text, is title V of act Aug. 2, 1946, ch. 753, 60 Stat. 847, which is classified generally to subchapter III (§525 et seq.) of chapter 11 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 525 of this title and Tables.
Codification
Section is comprised of the last sentence of section 347(a)(2) of Pub. L. 106–541.
§59ff. Declaration of nonnavigability for portions of Pelican Island, Texas
(a) Descriptions of nonnavigable areas
Subject to the provisions of subsections (b), (c), and (d) of this section, those portions of Pelican Island, Texas, which are not submerged and which are within the following property descriptions, are declared to be nonnavigable waters of the United States:
(1) to (5) Omitted.
(b) Exceptions
Notwithstanding the declaration under subsection (a), the following portions of Pelican Island, Texas, within those lands described in subsection (a) shall remain navigable waters of the United States:
(1) to (3) Omitted.
(c) Requirement that areas be improved
The declaration under subsection (a) shall apply only to those parts of the areas described in subsection (a) of this section and not described in subsection (b) of this section which are or will be bulkheaded and filled or otherwise occupied by permanent structures or other permanent physical improvements, including marina facilities. All such work is subject to applicable Federal statutes and regulations, including sections 401 and 403 of this title, section 1344 of this title and the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 [42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.].
(d) Expiration
If, 20 years from December 19, 1991, any area or part thereof described in subsection (a) of this section and not described in subsection (b) of this section is not bulkheaded or filled or occupied by permanent structures or other permanent physical improvements, including marina facilities, in accordance with the requirements set out in subsection (c) of this section, or if work is not commenced within five years after issuance of any permits required to be obtained under subsection (c), then the declaration of nonnavigability for such area or part thereof shall expire.
(Pub. L. 102–241, §52, Dec. 19, 1991, 105 Stat. 2228.)
Editorial Notes
References in Text
The National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, referred to in subsec. (c), is Pub. L. 91–190, Jan. 1, 1970, 83 Stat. 852, which is classified generally to chapter 55 (§4321 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 4321 of Title 42 and Tables.
Codification
The text of the boundary descriptions contained in pars. (1) to (5) of subsec. (a) and pars. (1) to (3) of subsec. (b), which is not set out in the Code, appears at 105 Stat. 2228 to 2231.
§59gg. Declaration of nonnavigability for portions of Cuyahoga County, Ohio
(a) Area to be declared nonnavigable; public interest
Unless the Secretary finds, after consultation with local and regional public officials (including local and regional public planning organizations), that the proposed projects to be undertaken within the boundaries in the portions of the county of Cuyahoga, Ohio, described as follows, are not in the public interest then, subject to subsections (b) and (c), those portions of such county, bounded and described as follows, are declared to be nonnavigable waters of the United States:
Situated in the city of Cleveland, county of Cuyahoga, and State of Ohio, T7N, R13W, and known as being a part of original two acre lots numbers 16, 17, 18, 19, and 20 and the northerly extensions thereof, and being more fully described as follows:
Beginning at the intersection of the centerline of East 9th Street (99 feet wide) with the centerline of Relocated Erieside Avenue, N.E. (70 feet wide); thence south 56 degrees 06 minutes 52 seconds west on the centerline of Relocated Erieside Avenue, N.E., a distance of 112.89 feet to a point; thence north 33 degrees 53 minutes 08 seconds west a distance of 35.00 feet to a 5/8-inch rebar on the northwesterly right-of-way line of Relocated Erieside Avenue, N.E.; thence southwesterly on the northwesterly right-of-way line of Relocated Erieside Avenue, N.E., along the arc of a curve to the left, with a radius of 335.00 feet and whose chord bears south 42 degrees 36 minutes 52 seconds west 156.41 feet, an arc distance of 157.87 feet to a 5/8-inch rebar; thence south 29 degrees 06 minutes 52 seconds west on the northwesterly right-of-way line of Relocated Erieside Avenue, N.E., a distance of 119.39 feet to a 5/8-inch rebar; thence southwesterly on the northwesterly right-of-way line of Relocated Erieside Avenue, N.E., along the arc of a curve to the right, with a radius of 665.00 feet and whose chord bears south 39 degrees, 49 minutes 33 seconds west 247.19 feet, an arc distance of 248.64 feet to a 5/8-inch rebar and the true place of beginning of the parcel herein described; thence southwesterly on the northwesterly right-of-way line of Relocated Erieside Avenue, N.E., along the arc of a curve to the right, with a radius of 665.00 feet and whose chord bears south 53 degrees, 17 minutes 33 seconds west 64.05 feet, an arc distance of 64.08 feet to a 5/8-rebar set; thence south 56 degrees 03 minutes 30 seconds west on the northwesterly right-of-way line of Relocated Erieside Avenue, N.E., a distance of 248.38 feet to a 5/8-rebar set; thence northwesterly on the northeasterly right-of-way line of Relocated Erieside Avenue, N.E., along the arc of a curve to the right, with a radius of 265.00 feet and whose chord bears north 79 degrees 02 minutes 42 seconds west 374.09 feet, an arc distance of 415.31 feet to a drill hole set; thence north 34 degrees 08 minutes 55 seconds west on the northeasterly right-of-way line of Relocated Erieside Avenue, N.E., a distance of 505.30 feet to a 5/8-inch rebar set; thence northwesterly on the northeasterly right-of-way line of Relocated Erieside Avenue, N.E., along the arc of a curve to the left, with a radius of 112.00 feet and whose chord bears north 40 degrees 32 minutes 41 seconds west 24.95 feet, an arc distance of 25.01 feet to a drill hole set on the southerly right-of-way line of former Erieside Avenue, as vacated by city of Cleveland Ordinance No. 1100–87, passed June 16, 1987; thence northeasterly on the former right-of-way line along the arc of a curve to the right, with a radius of 515.00 feet and whose chord bears north 75 degrees 36 minutes 18 seconds east 136.45 feet, an arc distance of 136.85 feet to a 5/8-inch rebar set; thence north 86 degrees 13 minutes 04 seconds east on said former right-of-way line a distance of 294.57 feet to a 5/8-inch rebar set; thence north 52 degrees 57 minutes 23 seconds east on said former right-of-way line a distance of 56.98 feet to a 5/8-inch rebar set; thence south 33 degrees 53 minutes 08 seconds east a distance of 244.65 feet to a 5/8-inch rebar set; thence south 78 degrees 53 minutes 08 seconds east a distance of 105.04 feet to a 5/8-inch rebar set; thence north 56 degrees 06 minutes 52 seconds east a distance of 70.75 feet to a 5/8-inch rebar set; thence south 33 degrees 53 minutes 08 seconds east a distance of 274.74 feet to the true place of beginning containing 325,706 square feet (7.477 acres) more or less.
(b) Limits on applicability; regulatory requirements
The declaration under subsection (a) shall apply to those parts of the areas described in subsection (a) which are or will be bulkheaded and filled or otherwise occupied by permanent structures, including marina facilities. All such work is subject to all applicable Federal statutes and regulations, including sections 401 and 403 of this title, section 1344 of this title, and the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 [42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.].
(c) Expiration date
If, 20 years from October 31, 1992, any area or part thereof described in subsection (a) is not bulkheaded or filled or occupied by permanent structures, including marina facilities, in accordance with the requirements set forth in subsection (b), or if work in connection with any activity permitted in subsection (b) is not commenced within 5 years after issuance of such permits, then the declaration of nonnavigability for such area or part thereof shall expire.
(Pub. L. 102–580, title III, §335, Oct. 31, 1992, 106 Stat. 4853.)
Editorial Notes
References in Text
The National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, referred to in subsec. (b), is Pub. L. 91–190, Jan. 1, 1970, 83 Stat. 852, which is classified generally to chapter 55 (§4321 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 4321 of Title 42 and Tables.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
"Secretary" Defined
Secretary means the Secretary of the Army, see section 3 of Pub. L. 102–580, set out as a note under section 2201 of this title.
§59hh. Declaration of nonnavigability for portion of Pelican Island, Texas
(a) In general
The Secretary of the Army is authorized to convey to the City 1 of Galveston, Texas, fee simple absolute title to all or any part of a parcel of land containing approximately 605 acres known as the San Jacinto Disposal Area located on the east end of Galveston Island, Texas, in the W.A.A. Wallace Survey, A–647 and A–648, City 1 of Galveston, Galveston County, Texas, being part of the old Fort San Jacinto site, at the fair market value of such parcel to be determined in accordance with the provisions of subsection (d). Such conveyance shall only be made by the Secretary of the Army upon the agreement of the Secretary and the City 1 as to all compensation due herein.
(b) Compensation for conveyance
(1) In general
Upon receipt of compensation from the city of Galveston, the Secretary shall convey the parcel, or any part of the parcel, as described in subsection (a).
(2) Full parcel
If the full 605-acre parcel is conveyed, the compensation shall be—
(A) conveyance to the Department of the Army of fee simple absolute title to a parcel of land containing approximately 564 acres on Pelican Island, Texas, in the Eneas Smith Survey, A–190, Pelican Island, city of Galveston, Galveston County, Texas, adjacent to property currently owned by the United States, with the fair market value of the parcel being determined in accordance with subsection (d); and
(B) payment to the United States of an amount equal to the difference between the fair market value of the parcel to be conveyed under subsection (a) and the fair market value of the parcel to be conveyed under subparagraph (A).
(3) Partial parcel
If the conveyance is 125 acres or less, compensation shall be an amount equal to the fair market value of the parcel to be conveyed, with the fair market value of the parcel being determined in accordance with subsection (d).
(c) Disposition of spoil
Costs of maintaining the Galveston Harbor and Channel will continue to be governed by the Local Cooperation Agreement (LCA) between the United States of America and the City 1 of Galveston dated October 18, 1973, as amended. Upon conveyance of the parcel, or any part of the parcel, described in subsection (a), the Department of the Army shall be compensated directly for the present value of the total costs to the Department for disposal of dredge material and site preparation pursuant to the LCA, if any,,2 in excess of the present value of the total costs that would have been incurred if this conveyance had not been made.
(d) Determination of fair market value
The fair market value of the land to be conveyed pursuant to subsections (a) and (b) shall be determined by independent appraisers using the market value method.
(e) Navigational servitude
(1) Declaration of nonnavigability; public interest
Unless the Secretary finds, after consultation with local and regional public officials (including local and regional public planning organizations), that the proposed projects to be undertaken within the parcel described in subsection (a) are not in the public interest then, subject to paragraphs (2) and (3), such parcel is declared to be nonnavigable waters of the United States.
(2) Limits on applicability; regulatory requirements
The declaration under paragraph (1) shall apply only to those parts of the parcel described in subsection (a) which are or will be bulkheaded and filled or otherwise occupied by permanent structures, including marina facilities. All such work is subject to all applicable Federal statutes and regulations including, but not limited to, sections 401 and 403 of this title, section 1344 of this title, and the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 [42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.].
(3) Expiration date
If, 20 years after October 28, 1993, any area or part thereof described in subsection (a) is not bulkheaded or filled or occupied by permanent structures, including marina facilities, in accordance with the requirements set out in paragraph (2), or if work in connection with any activity permitted in paragraph (2) is not commenced within 5 years after issuance of such permits, then the declaration of nonnavigability for such area or part thereof shall expire.
(f) Survey and study
The 605-acre parcel and the 564-acre parcel shall be surveyed and further legally described prior to conveyance. Not later than 60 days following October 28, 1993, if he deems it necessary, the Secretary of the Army shall complete a review of the applicability of section 1344 of this title to the said parcels.
(Pub. L. 103–126, title I, §108, Oct. 28, 1993, 107 Stat. 1320; Pub. L. 106–53, title V, §585, Aug. 17, 1999, 113 Stat. 377.)
Editorial Notes
References in Text
The National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, referred to in subsec. (e)(2), is Pub. L. 91–190, Jan. 1, 1970, 83 Stat. 852, which is classified generally to chapter 55 (§4321 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 4321 of Title 42 and Tables.
Amendments
1999—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 106–53, §585(1), inserted "all or any part of" after "absolute title to" in first sentence.
Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 106–53, §585(2), amended heading and text of subsec. (b) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "Upon receipt of compensation from the City of Galveston, the Secretary shall convey the parcel as described in subsection (a) of this section. Such compensation shall include—
"(1) conveyance to the Department of the Army of fee simple absolute title to a parcel of land containing approximately 564 acres on Pelican Island, Texas, in the Eneas Smith Survey, A–190, Pelican Island, City of Galveston, Galveston County, Texas, adjacent to property currently owned by the United States. The fair market value of such parcel will be determined in accordance with the provision of subsection (d) of this section; and
"(2) payment to the United States of an amount equal to the difference of the fair market value of the parcel to be conveyed pursuant to subsection (a) of this section and the fair market value of the parcel to be conveyed pursuant to paragraph (1) of this subsection."
Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 106–53, §585(3), in second sentence, inserted ", or any part of the parcel," after "parcel" and ", if any," after "LCA".
1 So in original. Probably should not be capitalized.
§59ii. Declaration of nonnavigability of a portion of the canal known as the James River and Kanawha Canal in Richmond, Virginia
(a) Canal declared nonnavigable
The portion of the canal known as the James River and Kanawha Canal in Richmond, Virginia, located between the Great Ship Lock on the east and the limits of the City of Richmond on the west is hereby declared to be a nonnavigable waterway of the United States for purposes of subtitle II of title 46.
(b) Ensuring public safety
The Secretary of Transportation shall provide such technical advice, information, and assistance as the City of Richmond, Virginia, or its designee may request to insure that the vessels operating on the waters declared nonnavigable by subsection (a) are built, maintained, and operated in a manner consistent with protecting public safety.
(c) Termination of declaration
(1) In general
The Secretary of Transportation may terminate the effectiveness of the declaration made by subsection (a) by publishing a determination that vessels operating on the waters declared nonnavigable by subsection (a) have not been built, maintained, and operated in a manner consistent with protecting public safety.
(2) Public input
Before making a determination under this subsection, the Secretary of Transportation shall—
(A) consult with appropriate State and local government officials regarding whether such a determination is necessary to protect public safety and will serve the public interest; and
(B) provide to persons who might be adversely affected by the determination the opportunity for comment and a hearing on whether such action is necessary to protect public safety and will serve the public interest.
(Pub. L. 106–32, §2, June 1, 1999, 113 Stat. 115.)
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Findings
Pub. L. 106–32, §1, June 1, 1999, 113 Stat. 115, provided that: "The Congress finds the following:
"(1) The canal known as the James River and Kanawha Canal played an important part in the economic development of the Commonwealth of Virginia and the City of Richmond.
"(2) The canal ceased to operate as a functioning waterway in the conduct of commerce in the late 1800s.
"(3) Portions of the canal have been found by a Federal district court to be nonnavigable.
"(4) The restored portion of the canal will be utilized to provide entertainment and education to visitors and will play an important part in the economic development of downtown Richmond.
"(5) The restored portion of the canal will not be utilized for general public boating, and will be restricted to activities similar to those conducted on similar waters in San Antonio, Texas.
"(6) The continued classification of the canal as a navigable waterway based upon historic usage that ceased more than 100 years ago does not serve the public interest and is unnecessary to protect public safety.
"(7) Congressional action is required to clarify that the canal is no longer to be considered a navigable waterway for purposes of subtitle II of title 46, United States Code."
§59jj. Designation of nonnavigability for portions of Gloucester County, New Jersey
(a) Designation
(1) In general
The Secretary of the Army (referred to in section 1 as the "Secretary") shall designate as nonnavigable the areas described in paragraph (3) 2 unless the Secretary, after consultation with local and regional public officials (including local and regional planning organizations), makes a determination that 1 or more projects proposed to be carried out in 1 or more areas described in paragraph (2) are not in the public interest.
(2) Description of areas
The areas referred to in paragraph (1) are certain parcels of property situated in the West Deptford Township, Gloucester County, New Jersey, as depicted on Tax Assessment Map #26, Block #328, Lots #1, 1.03, 1.08, and 1.09, more fully described as follows:
(A) Beginning at the point in the easterly line of Church Street (49.50 feet wide), said beginning point being the following 2 courses from the intersection of the centerline of Church Street with the curved northerly right-of-way line of Pennsylvania-Reading Seashore Lines Railroad (66.00 feet wide)—
(i) along said centerline of Church Street N. 11°28′50″ E. 38.56 feet; thence
(ii) along the same N. 61°28′35″ E. 32.31 feet to the point of beginning.
(B) Said beginning point also being the end of the thirteenth course and from said beginning point runs; thence, along the aformentioned 3 Easterly line of Church Street—
(i) N. 11°28′50″ E. 1052.14 feet; thence
(ii) crossing Church Street, N. 34°19′51″ W. 1590.16 feet; thence
(iii) N. 27°56′37″ W. 3674.36 feet; thence
(iv) N. 35°33′54″ W. 975.59 feet; thence
(v) N. 57°04′39″ W. 481.04 feet; thence
(vi) N. 36°22′55″ W. 870.00 feet to a point in the Pierhead and Bulkhead Line along the Southeasterly shore of the Delaware River; thence
(vii) along the same line N. 53°37′05″ E. 1256.19 feet; thence
(viii) still along the same, N. 86°10′29″ E. 1692.61 feet; thence, still along the same the following thirteenth courses
(ix) S. 67°44′20″ E. 1090.00 feet to a point in the Pierhead and Bulkhead Line along the Southwesterly shore of Woodbury Creek; thence
(x) S. 39°44′20″ E. 507.10 feet; thence
(xi) S. 31°01′38″ E. 1062.95 feet; thence
(xii) S. 34°34′20″ E. 475.00 feet; thence
(xiii) S. 32°20′28″ E. 254.18 feet; thence
(xiv) S. 52°55′49″ E. 964.95 feet; thence
(xv) S. 56°24′40″ E. 366.60 feet; thence
(xvi) S. 80°31′50″ E. 100.51 feet; thence
(xvii) N. 75°30′00″ E. 120.00 feet; thence
(xviii) N. 53°09′00″ E. 486.50 feet; thence
(xix) N. 81°18′00″ E. 132.00 feet; thence
(xx) S. 56°35′00″ E. 115.11 feet; thence
(xxi) S. 42°00′00″ E. 271.00 feet; thence
(xxii) S. 48°30′00″ E. 287.13 feet to a point in the Northwesterly line of Grove Avenue (59.75 feet wide); thence
(xxiii) S. 23°09′50″ W. 4120.49 feet; thence
(xxiv) N. 66°50′10″ W. 251.78 feet; thence
(xxv) S. 36°05′20″ E. 228.64 feet; thence
(xxvi) S. 58°53′00″ W. 1158.36 feet to a point in the Southwesterly line of said River Lane; thence
(xxvii) S. 41°31′35″ E. 113.50 feet; thence
(xxviii) S. 61°28′35″ W. 863.52 feet to the point of beginning.
(C)(i) Except as provided in clause (ii), beginning at a point in the centerline of Church Street (49.50 feet wide) where the same is intersected by the curved northerly line of Pennsylvania-Reading Seashore Lines Railroad right-of-way (66.00 feet wide), along that Railroad, on a curve to the left, having a radius of 1465.69 feet, an arc distance of 1132.14 feet—
(I) N. 88°45′47″ W. 1104.21 feet; thence
(II) S. 69°06′30″ W. 1758.95 feet; thence
(III) N. 23°04′43″ W. 600.19 feet; thence
(IV) N. 19°15′32″ W. 3004.57 feet; thence
(V) N. 44°52′41″ W. 897.74 feet; thence
(VI) N. 32°26′05″ W. 2765.99 feet to a point in the Pierhead and Bulkhead Line along the Southeasterly shore of the Delaware River; thence
(VII) N. 53°37′05″ E. 2770.00 feet; thence
(VIII) S. 36°22′55″ E. 870.00 feet; thence
(IX) S. 57°04′39″ E. 481.04 feet; thence
(X) S. 35°33′54″ E. 975.59 feet; thence
(XI) S. 27°56′37″ E. 3674.36 feet; thence
(XII) crossing Church Street, S. 34°19′51″ E. 1590.16 feet to a point in the easterly line of Church Street; thence
(XIII) S. 11°28′50″ W. 1052.14 feet; thence
(XIV) S. 61°28′35″ W. 32.31 feet; thence
(XV) S. 11°28′50″ W. 38.56 feet to the point of beginning.
(ii) The parcel described in clause (i) does not include the parcel beginning at the point in the centerline of Church Street (49.50 feet wide), that point being N. 11°28′50″ E. 796.36 feet, measured along the centerline, from its intersection with the curved northerly right-of-way line of Pennsylvania-Reading Seashore Lines Railroad (66.00 feet wide)—
(I) N. 78°27′40″ W. 118.47 feet; thence
(II) N. 15°48′40″ W. 120.51 feet; thence
(III) N. 77°53′00″ E 189.58 feet to a point in the centerline of Church Street; thence
(IV) S. 11°28′50″ W. 183.10 feet to the point of beginning.
(b) Limits on applicability; regulatory requirements
(1) In general
The designation under subsection (a)(1) shall apply to those parts of the areas described in subsection (a) that are or will be bulkheaded and filled or otherwise occupied by permanent structures, including marina facilities.
(2) Applicable law
All activities described in paragraph (1) shall be subject to all applicable Federal law, including—
(A) the Act of March 3, 1899 (30 Stat. 1121, chapter 425);
(B) section 1344 of this title; and
(C) the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.).
(c) Termination of designation
If, on the date that is 20 years after November 12, 2001, any area or portion of an area described in subsection (a)(3) 4 is not bulkheaded, filled, or otherwise occupied by permanent structures (including marina facilities) in accordance with subsection (b), or if work in connection with any activity authorized under subsection (b) is not commenced by the date that is 5 years after the date on which permits for the work are issued, the designation of nonnavigability under subsection (a)(1) for that area or portion of an area shall terminate.
(Pub. L. 107–66, title I, §107, Nov. 12, 2001, 115 Stat. 494.)
Editorial Notes
References in Text
Act of March 3, 1899, referred to in subsec. (b)(2)(A), is act Mar. 3, 1899, ch. 425, 30 Stat. 1121, which enacted sections 401, 403, 404, 406, 407, 408, 409, 411 to 416, 418, 502, 549, and 687 of this title and amended section 686 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.
The National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, referred to in subsec. (b)(2)(C), is Pub. L. 91–190, Jan. 1, 1970, 83 Stat. 852, which is classified generally to chapter 55 (§4321 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 4321 of Title 42 and Tables.
1 So in original. Probably should be preceded by "this".
2 So in original. Probably should be paragraph "(2)".
3 So in original. Probably should be "aforementioned".
4 So in original. Probably should be "subsection (a)(2)".
§59kk. Wateree River
For purposes of bridge administration, the portion of the Wateree River in the State of South Carolina, from a point 100 feet upstream of the railroad bridge located at approximately mile marker 10.0 to a point 100 feet downstream of such bridge, is declared to not be navigable waters of the United States for purposes of the General Bridge Act of 1946 (33 U.S.C. 525 et seq.).
(Pub. L. 108–293, title VI, §610, Aug. 9, 2004, 118 Stat. 1058.)
Editorial Notes
References in Text
The General Bridge Act of 1946, referred to in text, is title V of act Aug. 2, 1946, ch. 753, 60 Stat. 847, which is classified generally to subchapter III (§525 et seq.) of chapter 11 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 525 of this title and Tables.
§59ll. Central Delaware River, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
(a) Area to be declared nonnavigable
Subject to subsection (c), unless the Secretary finds, after consultation with local and regional public officials (including local and regional public planning organizations), that there are substantive objections, those portions of the Delaware River, bounded by the former bulkhead and pierhead lines that were established by the Secretary of War and successors and described as follows, are declared to be nonnavigable waters of the United States:
(1) Piers 70 South through 38 South, encompassing an area bounded by the southern line of Moore Street extended to the northern line of Catherine Street extended, including the following piers: Piers 70, 68, 67, 64, 61–63, 60, 57, 55, 53, 48, 46, 40, and 38.
(2) Piers 24 North through 72 North, encompassing an area bounded by the southern line of Callowhill Street extended to the northern line of East Fletcher Street extended, including the following piers: Piers 24, 25, 27–35, 35.5, 36, 37, 38, 39, 49, 51–52, 53–57, 58–65, 66, 67, 69, 70–72, and Rivercenter.
(b) Public interest determination
The Secretary shall make the public interest determination under subsection (a) separately for each proposed project to be undertaken within the boundaries described in subsection (a), using reasonable discretion, not later than 150 days after the date of submission of appropriate plans for the proposed project.
(c) Limits on applicability
The declaration under subsection (a) shall apply only to those parts of the areas described in subsection (a) that are or will be bulkheaded and filled or otherwise occupied by permanent structures, including marina and recreation facilities.
(Pub. L. 114–322, title I, §1308, Dec. 16, 2016, 130 Stat. 1693.)
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
"Secretary" Defined
Secretary means the Secretary of the Army, see section 1002 of Pub. L. 114–322, set out as a note under section 2201 of this title.
§59mm. Coalbank Slough deemed not navigable waters of the United States for certain purposes
The Coalbank Slough in Coos Bay, Oregon, is deemed to not be navigable waters of the United States for all purposes of subchapter J of Chapter I of title 33, Code of Federal Regulations.
(Pub. L. 116–283, div. G, title LVXXXIV [LXXXIV], §8436, Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4736.)
CHAPTER 2—INTERNATIONAL RULES FOR NAVIGATION AT SEA
§§61 to 63. Repealed. Oct. 11, 1951, ch. 495, §5, 65 Stat. 407
Section 61, acts Aug. 19, 1890, ch. 802, §1, 26 Stat. 320; Feb. 19, 1895, ch. 102, §1, 28 Stat. 672; June 7, 1897, ch. 4, §1, 30 Stat. 96, related to adoption of rules for navigation on high seas. See section 1602 of this title.
Section 62, act Aug. 19, 1890, ch. 802, §1, 26 Stat. 320, 321, defined "sailing vessel", "steam vessel", and "under way". See section 1601 of this title.
Section 63, act Aug. 19, 1890, ch. 802, §1, 26 Stat. 321, defined "visible".
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective Date of Repeal
Section 5 of act Oct. 11, 1951, provided that the repeal of these sections is effective upon the taking effect of regulations proclaimed under section 1 of act Oct. 11, 1951. Such regulations were proclaimed by Proc. No. 3030 of Aug. 1, 1953, 18 F.R. 4983, and were to be effective Jan. 1, 1954.
§§71 to 84. Repealed. Oct. 11, 1951, ch. 495, §5, 65 Stat. 407
Section 71, act Aug. 19, 1890, ch. 802, §1, 26 Stat. 321, provided that rules concerning lights be complied with from sunset to sunrise.
Section 72, act Aug. 19, 1890, ch. 802, §1, 26 Stat. 321, related to lights of steam vessel under way.
Section 73, act Aug. 19, 1890, ch. 802, §1, 26 Stat. 321, related to lights of vessel towing another vessel or vessels.
Section 74, act Aug. 19, 1890, ch. 802, §1, 26 Stat. 322, related to lights and day signals of vessel not under control and of telegraph cable vessel.
Section 75, act Aug. 19, 1890, ch. 802, §1, 26 Stat. 322, related to lights of sailing vessel under way and of vessel in tow.
Section 76, act Aug. 19, 1890, ch. 802, §1, 26 Stat. 322, related to lights of small vessel under way in bad weather.
Section 77, acts Aug. 19, 1890, ch. 802, §1, 26 Stat. 322; May 28, 1894, ch. 83, 28 Stat. 82, related to substitute lights for small vessel and rowing boats.
Section 78, acts Aug. 19, 1890, ch. 802, §1, 26 Stat. 323; Feb. 19, 1900, ch. 22, §1, 31 Stat. 30, related to lights of pilot vessel on and off duty, and steam pilot vessel.
Section 79, acts Aug. 19, 1890, ch. 802, §1, 26 Stat. 323; May 28, 1894, ch. 83, 28 Stat. 82; Jan. 19, 1907, ch. 300, §1, 34 Stat. 850, related to lights and day signals of fishing vessels and boats.
Section 80, act Aug. 19, 1890, ch. 802, §1, 26 Stat. 324, related to lights on overtaken vessel.
Section 81, act Aug. 19, 1890, ch. 802, §1, 26 Stat. 324, related to lights on vessel at anchor or aground.
Section 82, act Aug. 19, 1890, ch. 802, §1, 26 Stat. 325, authorized additional lights and signals when necessary.
Section 83, act Aug. 19, 1890, ch. 802, §1, 26 Stat. 325, related to special lights for ships of war and recognition signals.
Section 84, act Aug. 19, 1890, ch. 802, §1, 26 Stat. 325, related to day signal of steam vessel under sail.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective Date of Repeal
Repeal effective Jan. 1, 1954, see note set out under sections 61 to 63 of this title.
§§91, 92. Repealed. Oct. 11, 1951, ch. 495, §5, 65 Stat. 407
Section 91, acts Aug. 19, 1890, ch. 802, §1, 26 Stat. 325; June 10, 1896, ch. 401, §1, 29 Stat. 381, related to sound signals for fog.
Section 92, act Aug. 19, 1890, ch. 802, §1, 26 Stat. 325, related to speed in fog.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective Date of Repeal
Repeal effective Jan. 1, 1954, see note set out under sections 61 to 63 of this title.
§§101 to 113. Repealed. Oct. 11, 1951, ch. 495, §5, 65 Stat. 407
Section 101, act Aug. 19, 1890, ch. 802, §1, 26 Stat. 326, provided suggestion for ascertainment of risk of collision.
Section 102, act Aug. 19, 1890, ch. 802, §1, 26 Stat. 326, related to sailing vessels approaching one another.
Section 103, act Aug. 19, 1890, ch. 802, §1, 26 Stat. 326, related to steam vessels meeting end on.
Section 104, act Aug. 19, 1890, ch. 802, §1, 26 Stat. 327, related to steam vessels crossing.
Section 105, act Aug. 19, 1890, ch. 802, §1, 26 Stat. 327, related to steam and sailing vessels meeting.
Section 106, acts Aug. 19, 1890, ch. 802, §1, 26 Stat. 327; May 28, 1894, ch. 83, 28 Stat. 83, provided that vessel having the right-of-way keep course.
Section 107, act Aug. 19, 1890, ch. 802, §1, 26 Stat. 327, related to crossing ahead of vessel having right-of-way.
Section 108, act Aug. 19, 1890, ch. 802, §1, 26 Stat. 327, related to duty of steam vessel to slacken speed.
Section 109, act Aug. 19, 1890, ch. 802, §1, 26 Stat. 327, provided that overtaking vessel keep out of the way of the overtaken vessel, defined "overtaken vessel".
Section 110, act Aug. 19, 1890, ch. 802, §1, 26 Stat. 327, related to steam vessel in narrow channel.
Section 111, act Aug. 19, 1890, ch. 802, §1, 26 Stat. 327, related to right of way of fishing vessels or boats, and obstruction of fairways.
Section 112, act Aug. 19, 1890, ch. 802, §1, 26 Stat. 327, related to special circumstances requiring departure from rules.
Section 113, act Aug. 19, 1890, ch. 802, §1, 26 Stat. 328, related to sound signals of steam vessel indicating course.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective Date of Repeal
Repeal effective Jan. 1, 1954, see note set out under sections 61 to 63 of this title.
§121. Repealed. Oct. 11, 1951, ch. 495, §5, 65 Stat. 407
Section, act Aug. 19, 1890, ch. 802, §1, 26 Stat. 328, related to additional precautions.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective Date of Repeal
Repeal effective Jan. 1, 1954, see note set out under sections 61 to 63 of this title.
§131. Repealed. Oct. 11, 1951, ch. 495, §5, 65 Stat. 407
Section, act Aug. 19, 1890, ch. 802, §1, 26 Stat. 328, related to local rules for harbors and inland waters.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective Date of Repeal
Repeal effective Jan. 1, 1954, see note set out under sections 61 to 63 of this title.
§141. Repealed. Oct. 11, 1951, ch. 495, §5, 65 Stat. 407
Section, acts Aug. 19, 1890, ch. 802, §1, 26 Stat. 328; May 28, 1894, ch. 83, 28 Stat. 83, related to distress signals.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective Date of Repeal
Repeal effective Jan. 1, 1954, see note set out under sections 61 to 63 of this title.
§142. Repealed. Oct. 11, 1951, ch. 495, §5, 65 Stat. 407
Section, act Aug. 19, 1890, ch. 802, §1, as added Aug. 21, 1935, ch. 595, §1, 49 Stat. 668, related to orders to helmsmen.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective Date of Repeal
Repeal effective Jan. 1, 1954, see note set out under sections 61 to 63 of this title.
§§143 to 143b. Repealed. Pub. L. 88–131, §3, Sept. 24, 1963, 77 Stat. 194
Section 143, act Oct. 11, 1951, ch. 495, §1, 65 Stat. 406, related to adoption of rules for prevention of collisions on the high seas, and to their geographical applicability.
Section 143a, act Oct. 11, 1951, ch. 495, §2, 65 Stat. 407, provided that Navy and Coast Guard be exempt from the requirements of the rules.
Section 143b, act Oct. 11, 1951, ch. 495, §6, 65 Stat. 408, related to identity of regulations authorized to be proclaimed.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective Date of Repeal
Repeal effective Sept. 1, 1965, see Proc. No. 3632, Dec. 29, 1964, 29 F.R. 19167, and section 3 of Pub. L. 88–131, both set out as notes under section 1051 of this title.
Executive Documents
Proclamation No. 3030
Proc. No. 3030, Aug. 19, 1953, 18 F.R. 4983, which was the enabling proclamation for adopting Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea, 1948, under act Oct. 11, 1951, ch. 495, §1, 65 Stat. 406, was superseded by Proc. No. 3632, Dec. 29, 1964, 29 F.R. 19167, set out as a note under former section 1051 of this title.
Executive Order No. 10402
Ex. Ord. No. 10402, Oct. 30, 1952, 17 F.R. 9917, which enforced the Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1948, was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 12234, Sept. 3, 1980, 45 F.R. 58801, set out as a note under section 1602 of this title.
§144. Repealed. Pub. L. 88–131, §3, Sept. 4, 1963, 77 Stat. 194
Section, act Oct. 11, 1951, ch. 495, §6, Pt. A, 65 Stat. 408, related to applicability of sections 144 to 147d of this title, provided that rules concerning lights be complied with from sunset to sunrise, and defined terms used in sections 145 to 147d of this title.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective Date of Repeal
Repeal effective Sept. 1, 1965, see Proc. No. 3632, Dec. 29, 1964, 29 F.R. 19167, and section 3 of Pub. L. 88–131, both set out as notes under section 1051 of this title.
§§145 to 145n. Repealed. Pub. L. 88–131, §3, Sept. 24, 1963, 77 Stat. 194
Section 145, act Oct. 11, 1951, ch. 495, §6, Pt. B, 65 Stat. 408, related to lights of power-driven vessels under way and of seaplanes under way on the water.
Section 145a, act Oct. 11, 1951, ch. 495, §6, Pt. B, 65 Stat. 410, related to lights of vessel or seaplane towing or pushing other vessels or seaplanes.
Section 145b, act Oct. 11, 1951, ch. 495, §6, Pt. B, 65 Stat. 410, related to lights and day signals of vessel not under command and of vessels engaged in specified operations.
Section 145c, act Oct. 11, 1951, ch. 495, §6, Pt. B, 65 Stat. 411, related to lights of sailing vessel under way and of vessel or seaplane in tow and of vessels being pushed ahead.
Section 145d, act Oct. 11, 1951, ch. 495, §6, Pt. B, 65 Stat. 411, related to lights of small vessel in bad weather.
Section 145e, act Oct. 11, 1951, ch. 495, §6, Pt. B, 65 Stat. 411, related to substitute lights for small vessel and rowing boats.
Section 145f, act Oct. 11, 1951, ch. 495, §6, Pt. B, 65 Stat. 412, related to lights of pilot vessel on and off duty.
Section 145g, acts Oct. 11, 1951, ch. 495, §6, Pt. B, 65 Stat. 413; June 26, 1953, ch. 155, §1, 67 Stat. 83, related to lights and day signals of fishing vessels.
Section 145h, acts Oct. 11, 1951, ch. 495, §6, Pt. B, 65 Stat. 414, related to stern and tail lights.
Section 145i, acts Oct. 11, 1951, ch. 495, §6, Pt. B, 65 Stat. 414; June 26, 1953, ch. 155, §2, 67 Stat. 83, related to lights on vessels or seaplanes at anchor or aground.
Section 145j, act Oct. 11, 1951, ch. 495, §6, Pt. B, 65 Stat. 415, related to additional lights and signals when necessary.
Section 145k, act Oct. 11, 1951, ch. 495, §6, Pt. B, 65 Stat. 415, related to special lights for ships of war, for vessels sailing under convoy and for seaplanes on the water, recognition signals adopted by shipowners, and lights of naval and military vessels and seaplanes of special construction.
Section 145l, act Oct. 11, 1951, ch. 495, §6, Pt. B, 65 Stat. 415, related to day signal of steam vessel under sail.
Section 145m, act Oct. 11, 1951, ch. 495, §6, Pt. B, 65 Stat. 415, related to sound signals under conditions of restricted visibility.
Section 145n, act Oct. 11, 1951, ch. 495, §6, Pt. B, 65 Stat. 417, related to speed in weather restricting visibility.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective Date of Repeal
Repeal effective Sept. 1, 1965, see Proc. No. 3632, Dec. 29, 1964, 29 F.R. 19167, and section 3 of Pub. L. 88–131, both set out as notes under section 1051 of this title.
§§146 to 146k. Repealed. Pub. L. 88–131, §3, Sept. 24, 1963, 77 Stat. 194
Section 146, act Oct. 11, 1951, ch. 495, §6, Pt. C, 65 Stat. 417, provided methods of obeying and construing sections 146 to 146k, suggestion for ascertainment of risk of collision, and advice concerning the operation of seaplanes.
Section 146a, act Oct. 11, 1951, ch. 495, §6, Pt. C, 65 Stat. 417, related to sailing vessels approaching one another.
Section 146b, act Oct. 11, 1951, ch. 495, §6, Pt. C, 65 Stat. 417, related to power-driven vessels meeting end on.
Section 146c, act Oct. 11, 1951, ch. 495, §6, Pt. C, 65 Stat. 418, related to power-driven vessels crossing.
Section 146d, act Oct. 11, 1951, ch. 495, §6, Pt. C, 65 Stat. 418, related to vessels or seaplanes meeting.
Section 146e, act Oct. 11, 1951, ch. 495, §6, Pt. C, 65 Stat. 418, related to the course of vessels having the right of way, and the duty in aiding to avert collision.
Section 146f, act Oct. 11, 1951, ch. 495, §6, Pt. C, 65 Stat. 418, related to crossing ahead of vessel having right of way.
Section 146g, act Oct. 11, 1951, ch. 495, §6, Pt. C, 65 Stat. 418, related to duty of power-driven vessel to slacken speed.
Section 146h, act Oct. 11, 1951, ch. 495, §6, Pt. C, 65 Stat. 418, provided that overtaking vessel keep out of the way of the overtaken vessel, defined "overtaken vessel".
Section 146i, act Oct. 11, 1951, ch. 495, §6, Pt. C, 65 Stat. 419, related to power-driven vessels in narrow channels and in nearing bends in a channel.
Section 146j, act Oct. 11, 1951, ch. 495, §6, Pt. C, 65 Stat. 419, related to right of way of fishing vessels, and obstruction of fairways.
Section 146k, act Oct. 11, 1951, ch. 495, §6, Pt. C, 65 Stat. 419, related to special circumstances requiring departure from rules.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective Date of Repeal
Repeal effective Sept. 1, 1965, see Proc. No. 3632, Dec. 29, 1964, 29 F.R. 19167, and section 3 of Pub. L. 88–131, both set out as notes under section 1051 of this title.
§§147 to 147d. Repealed. Pub. L. 88–131, §3, Sept. 24, 1963, 77 Stat. 194
Section 147, act Oct. 11, 1951, ch. 495, §6, Pt. D, 65 Stat. 419, related to sound signals of vessels indicating course.
Section 147a, act Oct. 11, 1951, ch. 495, §6, Pt. D, 65 Stat. 419, related to additional precautions.
Section 147b, act Oct. 11, 1951, ch. 495, §6, Pt. D, 65 Stat. 420, related to local rules for harbors and inland waters.
Section 147c, act Oct. 11, 1951, ch. 495, §6, Pt. D, 65 Stat. 420, related to distress signals.
Section 147d, act Oct. 11, 1951, ch. 495, §6, Pt. D, 65 Stat. 420, related to orders to helmsmen.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective Date of Repeal
Repeal effective Sept. 1, 1963, see Proc. No. 3632, Dec. 29, 1964, 29 F.R. 19167, and section 3 of Pub. L. 88–131, both set out as notes under section 1051 of this title.
CHAPTER 3—NAVIGATION RULES FOR HARBORS, RIVERS, AND INLAND WATERS GENERALLY
SUBCHAPTER I—PRELIMINARY
SUBCHAPTER II—RULES CONCERNING LIGHTS, ETC.
SUBCHAPTER III—SOUND SIGNALS FOR FOG, ETC.; SPEED
SUBCHAPTER IV—STEERING AND SAILING RULES AND SIGNALS
SUBCHAPTER V—NO VESSEL UNDER ANY CIRCUMSTANCES TO NEGLECT PROPER PRECAUTIONS
SUBCHAPTER VI—DISTRESS SIGNALS
SUBCHAPTER VII—ORDERS
SUBCHAPTER I—PRELIMINARY
§151. High seas and inland waters demarcation lines
(a) Establishment and purpose
The Secretary of the department in which the Coast Guard is operating shall establish appropriate identifiable demarcation lines dividing the high seas from harbors, rivers, and other inland waters of the United States, for the purpose of determining the applicability of special navigational rules in lieu of the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea.
(b) Applicability of other statutes; limitation; position
The Secretary shall also establish appropriate identifiable lines dividing inland waters of the United States from the high seas for the purpose of determining the applicability of each statute that refers to this section or this section, as amended. These lines may not be located more than twelve nautical miles seaward of the base line from which the territorial sea is measured. These lines may differ in position for the purposes of different statutes.
(c) "United States" defined
For the purposes of this section, the term "United States" includes the several States of the United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa, the United States Virgin Islands, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, and any other Commonwealth, territory, or possession of the United States.
(Feb. 19, 1895, ch. 102, §2, 28 Stat. 672; Pub. L. 96–324, §1, Aug. 8, 1980, 94 Stat. 1020; Pub. L. 96–376, §13, Oct. 3, 1980, 94 Stat. 1511; Pub. L. 96–591, §9, Dec. 24, 1980, 94 Stat. 3436.)
Editorial Notes
References in Text
The International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea, referred to in subsec. (a), came into effect pursuant to the Convention on the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea, 1972. See International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea, 1972 note under section 1602 of this title.
Codification
Section was not enacted as part of act June 7, 1897, ch. 4, 30 Stat. 96, which comprises a major part of this chapter.
Amendments
1980—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 96–324 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a), substituted provision authorizing the Secretary of the Department in which the Coast Guard is operating to establish demarcation lines for provision authorizing the Secretary of the Treasury to establish demarcation lines, and inserted provision specifying the purpose of establishing demarcation lines as determining the applicability of special navigational rules in lieu of the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea.
Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 96–324 added subsec. (b).
Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 96–591 and Pub. L. 96–376 made identical amendments by striking out reference to the Canal Zone.
Pub. L. 96–324 added subsec. (c).
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Transfer of Functions
For transfer of authorities, functions, personnel, and assets of the Coast Guard, including the authorities and functions of the Secretary of Transportation relating thereto, to the Department of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see sections 468(b), 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6.
Executive Documents
Termination of Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands
For termination of Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, see note set out preceding section 1681 of Title 48, Territories and Insular Possessions.
Territorial Sea of United States
For extension of territorial sea of United States, see Proc. No. 5928, set out as a note under section 1331 of Title 43, Public Lands.
§152. Regulation of length of towlines
The Commandant of the Coast Guard shall prepare regulations limiting the length of hawsers between towing vessels and seagoing barges in tow and the length of such tows within any of the inland waters of the United States designated and defined from time to time pursuant to section 151 of this title, and such regulations shall have the force of law.
(May 28, 1908, ch. 212, §14, 35 Stat. 428; June 17, 1910, ch. 301, §§4, 6, 36 Stat. 537, 538; Mar. 4, 1913, ch. 141, §1, 37 Stat. 736; June 30, 1932, ch. 314, pt. II, title V, §§501, 502, 47 Stat. 415; May 27, 1936, ch. 463, §1, 49 Stat. 1380; 1939 Reorg. Plan No. II, §2(a), eff. July 1, 1939, 4 F.R. 2731, 53 Stat. 1432; 1946 Reorg. Plan No. 3, §§101–104, eff. July 16, 1946, 11 F.R. 7875, 60 Stat. 1097; Aug. 4, 1949, ch. 393, §§1, 20, 63 Stat. 496, 561.)
Editorial Notes
Codification
Section was not enacted as part of act June 7, 1897, ch. 4, 30 Stat. 96, which comprises a major part of this chapter.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Transfer of Functions
"Commandant of the Coast Guard" substituted in text for provision that the Chairman of the Light House Board, the Supervising Inspector General of the Steamboat Inspection Service and the Commissioner of Navigation shall convene as a board to prepare regulations, and for approval of the regulations by the Secretary of Commerce and Labor.
Secretary of Commerce and Labor designated Secretary of Commerce by act Mar. 4, 1913, which created Department of Labor.
Sections 4 and 6 of act June 17, 1910, established in Department of Commerce and Labor a Bureau of Lighthouses with a Commissioner of Lighthouses as its head, and transferred duties of Light House Board to such Commissioner. Said sections 4 and 6 were repealed by section 20 of act Aug. 4, 1949, section 1 of which reestablished Coast Guard by enacting Title 14, Coast Guard. Section 2(a) of Reorg. Plan No. II, of 1939, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, consolidated Bureau of Lighthouses with Coast Guard, the Chief of which is Commandant of the Coast Guard.
Supervising Inspector General of the Steamboat Inspection Service and Commissioner of Navigation of Bureau of Navigation were affected by Secretary's authority to retain or dismiss officers and employees upon consolidation of bureaus under section 502(b) of act June 30, 1932.
Steamboat Inspection Service and Bureau of Navigation consolidated into Bureau of Navigation and Steamboat Inspection to be under direction of a chief of bureau by section 501 of act June 30, 1932.
Director of the Bureau of Navigation and Steamboat Inspection was designation given to chief of such Bureau by Secretary of Commerce under section 502(b) of act June 30, 1932.
Bureau of Marine Inspection and Navigation was designation given to Bureau of Navigation and Steamboat Inspection by act May 27, 1936.
Functions of Secretary of Commerce and Director of Bureau of Marine Inspection and Navigation under this section transferred to Commandant of the Coast Guard by Reorg. Plan No. 3, of 1946, §§101 to 104, set out in the Appendix to Title 5.
For transfer of authorities, functions, personnel, and assets of the Coast Guard, including the authorities and functions of the Secretary of Transportation relating thereto, to the Department of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see sections 468(b), 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6.
Coast Guard transferred to Department of Transportation, and functions, powers, and duties relating to Coast Guard of Secretary of the Treasury and of other officers and offices of Department of the Treasury transferred to Secretary of Transportation by Pub. L. 89–670, §6(b)(1), Oct. 15, 1966, 80 Stat. 938. Section 6(b)(2) of Pub. L. 89–670, however, provided that notwithstanding such transfer of functions, Coast Guard shall operate as part of Navy in time of war or when President directs as provided in former section 3 (now 103) of Title 14, Coast Guard. See section 108 of Title 49, Transportation.
Executive Documents
Transfer of Functions
For transfer of functions of other officers, employees, and agencies of Department of the Treasury, with certain exceptions, to Secretary of the Treasury with power to delegate, see Reorg. Plan No. 26 of 1950, §§1, 2, eff. July 31, 1950, 15 F.R. 4935, 64 Stat. 1280, 1281, set out in the Appendix to Title 5. Functions of Coast Guard, and Commandant of the Coast Guard, excepted from transfer when Coast Guard is operating as part of Navy under former sections 1 and 3 (now 101 and 103) of Title 14, Coast Guard.
§153. Penalty for use of unlawful towline
The master of the towing vessel shall be liable to the suspension or revocation of his license for any willful violation of regulations issued pursuant to section 152 of this title in the manner prescribed for incompetency, misconduct, or unskillfulness.
(May 28, 1908, ch. 212, §15, 35 Stat. 429.)
Editorial Notes
Codification
Section was not enacted as part of act June 7, 1897, ch. 4, 30 Stat. 96, which comprises a major part of this chapter.
§154. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–591, §8(a), Dec. 24, 1980, 94 Stat. 3435
Section, acts June 7, 1897, ch. 4, §1, 30 Stat. 96; May 21, 1948, ch. 328, §1, 62 Stat. 249; Aug. 8, 1953, ch. 386, §1, 67 Stat. 497, provided for adoption of rules of navigation of harbors, rivers, and inland waters.
Editorial Notes
Codification
Prior rules for preventing collision prescribed by R.S. §4233 to be followed by vessels of the Navy and mercantile marine of the United States, applicable originally to all waters, were superseded as to navigation on the high seas and waters connected therewith by the International Rules (act Aug. 19, 1890, ch. 802 [sec. 61 et seq. of this title]) were superseded as to navigation on the Great Lakes and their connecting and tributary waters as far east as Montreal, by act Feb. 8, 1895, ch. 64 (section 241 et seq. of this title); were adopted as special rules for the navigation of harbors, rivers, and inland waters of the United States, except the Great Lakes and their connecting and tributary waters as far east as Montreal by act of Feb. 19, 1895, ch. 102 (see section 301 et seq. of this title); and were superseded by act June 7, 1897, ch. 4, as to navigation of all harbors, rivers, and inland waters of the United States except as specified in this paragraph, leaving them applicable solely to the Red River of the North and the rivers emptying into the Gulf of Mexico and their tributaries.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective Date of Repeal
Repeal effective Dec. 24, 1981, see section 7 of Pub. L. 96–591, set out as an Effective Date of 1980 Amendment note under section 1604 of this title.
§§155 to 159. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–591, §8(a), Dec. 24, 1980, 94 Stat. 3435
Section 155, act June 7, 1897, ch. 4, §1, 30 Stat. 96, defined "sailing vessel", "steam vessel", and "under way".
Section 156, act June 7, 1897, ch. 4, §1, 30 Stat. 96, defined "visible".
Section 157, acts June 7, 1897, ch. 4, §2, 30 Stat. 102; May 25, 1914, ch. 98, 38 Stat. 381; June 30, 1932, ch. 314, pt. II, title V, §§501, 502(b), 47 Stat. 415; May 27, 1936, ch. 463, §1, 49 Stat. 1380; 1946 Reorg. Plan No. 3, §§101–104, eff. July 16, 1946, 11 F.R. 7875, 60 Stat 1097; May 21, 1948, ch. 328, §3, 62 Stat. 249; Aug. 14, 1958, Pub. L. 85–656, §1, 72 Stat. 612, provided for promulgation of special rules by the Secretary of the department in which the Coast Guard is operating, and covered publication of rules and hearings in connection therewith. See section 2071 of this title.
Section 157a, Pub. L. 88–163, Oct. 30, 1963, 77 Stat. 281, provided for regulations for navigation or operation under bridges over navigable waters.
Section 158, acts June 7, 1897, ch. 4, §3, 30 Stat. 102; May 21, 1948, ch. 328, §3, 62 Stat. 249; Aug. 14, 1958, Pub. L. 85–656, §1, 72 Stat. 612, set out penalties for violations by pilots, engineers, mates, or masters. See section 2072 of this title.
Section 159, acts June 7, 1897, ch. 4, §4, 30 Stat. 103; May 21, 1948, ch. 328, §3, 62 Stat. 249; Aug. 14, 1958, Pub. L. 85–656, §1, 72 Stat. 612, provided for a penalty for violations by vessels. See section 2072 of this title.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective Date of Repeal
Repeal effective Dec. 24, 1981, see section 7 of Pub. L. 96–591, set out as an Effective Date of 1980 Amendment note under section 1604 of this title.
SUBCHAPTER II—RULES CONCERNING LIGHTS, ETC.
§§171 to 183. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–591, §8(a), Dec. 24, 1980, 94 Stat. 3435
Section 171, act June 7, 1897, ch. 4, §1, 30 Stat. 96, made general provision for the application of rules regarding lights.
Section 172, act June 7, 1897, ch. 4, §1, 30 Stat. 96, related to lights of steam vessels underway.
Section 173, acts June 7, 1897, ch. 4, §1, 30 Stat. 97; May 20, 1936, ch. 433, 49 Stat. 1367; May 21, 1948, ch. 328, §2, 62 Stat. 249; Aug. 14, 1958, Pub. L. 85–635, §1, 72 Stat. 590, related to lights of vessels towing or pushing another vessel.
Section 174, acts June 7, 1897, ch. 4, §1, 30 Stat. 97; Mar. 1, 1933, ch. 157, 47 Stat. 1417, related to lights of sailing vessels underway and vessels being towed.
Section 175, act June 7, 1897, ch. 4, §1, 30 Stat. 97, related to lights of small vessels underway in bad weather.
Section 176, act June 7, 1897, ch. 4, §1, 30 Stat. 98, related to lights of rowboats.
Section 177, acts June 7, 1897, ch. 4, §1, 30 Stat. 98; Feb. 19, 1900, ch. 22, §1, 31 Stat. 30, related to lights of pilot vessels on and off duty.
Section 178, act June 7, 1897, ch. 4, §1, 30 Stat. 98; 1946 Reorg. Plan No. 3, §§101–104, eff. July 16, 1946, 11 F.R. 7875, 60 Stat. 1097, related to lights of fishing vessels.
Section 179, acts June 7, 1897, ch. 4, §1, 30 Stat. 98; Aug. 14, 1958, Pub. L. 85–635, §2, 72 Stat. 590, related to lights of overtaken vessels.
Section 180, acts June 7, 1897, ch. 4, §1, 30 Stat. 98; Apr. 22, 1940, ch. 128, §1, 54 Stat. 150; Aug. 5, 1963, Pub. L. 88–84, §1, 77 Stat. 116; Oct. 15, 1966, Pub. L. 89–670, §6, 80 Stat. 937, related to lights of vessels at anchor.
Section 181, act June 7, 1897, ch. 4, §1, 30 Stat. 99, related to additional lights when necessary.
Section 182, act June 7, 1897, ch. 4, §1, 30 Stat. 99, related to special lights for ships of war and convoy. See section 2071 of this title.
Section 183, act June 7, 1897, ch. 4, §1, 30 Stat. 99, related to day signal of vessels under sail.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective Date of Repeal
Repeal effective Dec. 24, 1981, see section 7 of Pub. L. 96–591, set out as an Effective Date of 1980 Amendment note under section 1604 of this title.
SUBCHAPTER III—SOUND SIGNALS FOR FOG, ETC.; SPEED
§§191, 192. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–591, §8(a), Dec. 24, 1980, 94 Stat. 3435
Section 191, acts June 7, 1897, ch. 4, §1, 30 Stat. 99; Aug. 5, 1963, Pub. L. 88–84, §2, 77 Stat. 116, made general provision for sound signals for fog, etc.
Section 192, act June 7, 1897, ch. 4, §1, 30 Stat. 99, related to speed of vessels in fog, etc.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective Date of Repeal
Repeal effective Dec. 24, 1981, see section 7 of Pub. L. 96–591, set out as an Effective Date of 1980 Amendment note under section 1604 of this title.
SUBCHAPTER IV—STEERING AND SAILING RULES AND SIGNALS
§§201 to 213. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–591, §8(a), Dec. 24, 1980, 94 Stat. 3435
Section 201, act June 7, 1897, ch. 4, §1, 30 Stat. 100, related to ascertainment of risk of collision.
Section 202, act June 7, 1897, ch. 4, §1, 30 Stat. 100, related to sailing vessels approaching one another.
Section 203, acts June 7, 1897, ch. 4, §1, 30 Stat. 100; Aug. 21, 1935, ch. 595, §2, 49 Stat. 669, related to steam vessels approaching, meeting, or passing one another.
Section 204, act June 7, 1897, ch. 4, §1, 30 Stat. 101, related to steam vessels crossing.
Section 205, acts June 7, 1897, ch. 4, §1, 30 Stat. 101; Nov. 5, 1966, Pub. L. 89–764, §1, 80 Stat. 1313, related to steam and sailing vessels meeting.
Section 206, act June 7, 1897, ch. 4, §1, 30 Stat. 101, provided that vessel having the right of way was to keep course.
Section 207, act June 7, 1897, ch. 4, §1, 30 Stat. 101, related to situation when a vessel crosses ahead of a vessel having the right-of-way.
Section 208, act June 7, 1897, ch. 4, §1, 30 Stat. 101, related to duty of steam vessels to slacken speed.
Section 209, act June 7, 1897, ch. 4, §1, 30 Stat. 101, provided that an overtaking vessel keep out of the way and defined the term "overtaking vessel".
Section 210, acts June 7, 1897, ch. 4, §1, 30 Stat. 101; Nov. 5, 1966, Pub. L. 89–764, §2, 80 Stat. 1313, related to operation of steam vessels in a narrow channel.
Section 211, act June 7, 1897, ch. 4, §1, 30 Stat. 102, related to right of way of fishing vessels or boats.
Section 212, act June 7, 1897, ch. 4, §1, 30 Stat. 102, provided for departure from the rules in special circumstances.
Section 213, act June 7, 1897, ch. 4, §1, 30 Stat. 102, related to signal to be given that a vessel's engines are going at full speed astern.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective Date of Repeal
Repeal effective Dec. 24, 1981, see section 7 of Pub. L. 96–591, set out as an Effective Date of 1980 Amendment note under section 1604 of this title.
SUBCHAPTER V—NO VESSEL UNDER ANY CIRCUMSTANCES TO NEGLECT PROPER PRECAUTIONS
§§221, 222. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–591, §8(a), Dec. 24, 1980, 94 Stat. 3435
Section 221, act June 7, 1897, ch. 4, §1, 30 Stat. 102, related to usual additional precautions generally required.
Section 222, act June 7, 1897, ch. 4, §1, 30 Stat. 102, related to suspension of rules regarding the exhibition of lights on vessels of war or of the Coast Guard.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective Date of Repeal
Repeal effective Dec. 24, 1981, see section 7 of Pub. L. 96–591, set out as an Effective Date of 1980 Amendment note under section 1604 of this title.
SUBCHAPTER VI—DISTRESS SIGNALS
§231. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–591, §8(a), Dec. 24, 1980, 94 Stat. 3435
Section, act June 7, 1897, ch. 4, §1, 30 Stat. 102, related to distress signals.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective Date of Repeal
Repeal effective Dec. 24, 1981, see section 7 of Pub. L. 96–591, set out as an Effective Date of 1980 Amendment note under section 1604 of this title.
SUBCHAPTER VII—ORDERS
§232. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–591, §8(a), Dec. 24, 1980, 94 Stat. 3435
Section, act June 7, 1897, ch. 4, §1, as added Aug. 21, 1935, ch. 595, §2, 49 Stat. 669, related to orders to helmsmen.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective Date of Repeal
Repeal effective Dec. 24, 1981, see section 7 of Pub. L. 96–591, set out as an Effective Date of 1980 Amendment note under section 1604 of this title.
CHAPTER 4—NAVIGATION RULES FOR GREAT LAKES AND THEIR CONNECTING AND TRIBUTARY WATERS
Editorial Notes
Codification
Prior rules for preventing collision prescribed by R.S. §4233 to be followed by vessels of the Navy and mercantile marine of the United States, applicable originally to all waters, were superseded as to navigation on the high seas and waters connected therewith by the International Rules (act Aug. 19, 1890, ch. 802 [sec. 61 et seq. of this title]) were superseded as to navigation on the Great Lakes and their connecting and tributary waters as far east as Montreal, by act Feb. 8, 1895, ch. 64 (section 241 et seq. of this title); were adopted as special rules for the navigation of harbors, rivers, and inland waters of the United States, except the Great Lakes and their connecting and tributary waters as far east as Montreal by act of Feb. 19, 1895, ch. 102 (see section 301 et seq. of this title); and were superseded as to navigation of all harbors, rivers, and inland waters of the United States, except the Great Lakes and their connecting and tributary waters as far east as Montreal and the Red River of the North and rivers emptying into the Gulf of Mexico and their tributaries by act June 7, 1897, ch. 4, §1, 30 Stat. 96 (section 151 et seq. of this title), leaving them applicable solely to the Red River of the North and rivers emptying into the Gulf of Mexico.
SUBCHAPTER I—PRELIMINARY
§§241 to 244. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–591, §8(b), Dec. 24, 1980, 94 Stat. 3435
Section 241, acts Feb. 8, 1895, ch. 64, §1, 28 Stat. 645; Mar. 28, 1958, Pub. L. 85–350, §1, 72 Stat. 49, required adoption of rules for navigation of Great Lakes and connecting and tributary waters.
Section 242, acts Feb. 8, 1895, ch. 64, §1, 28 Stat. 645, defined "sailing vessel", "steam vessel" and "under way".
Section 243, acts Feb. 8, 1895, ch. 64, §3, 28 Stat. 649; Feb. 14, 1903, ch. 552, §10, 32 Stat. 829; Mar. 4, 1913, ch. 141, §1, 37 Stat. 736; 1946 Reorg. Plan No. 3, §§101–104, eff. July 16, 1946, 11 F.R. 7875, 60 Stat. 1097, related to authority of Commandant of the Coast Guard to establish necessary regulations. See section 2071 of this title.
Section 244, acts Feb. 8, 1895, ch. 64, §2, 28 Stat. 649; Mar. 28, 1958, Pub. L. 85–350, §2, 72 Stat. 49, related to liability of persons and private vessels for violation of provisions. See section 2072 of this title.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective Date of Repeal
Repeal effective Mar. 1, 1983, pursuant to 47 F.R. 15135, Apr. 8, 1982, see section 7 of Pub. L. 96–591, set out as an Effective Date of 1980 Amendment note under section 1604 of this title.
SUBCHAPTER II—RULES CONCERNING LIGHTS, ETC.
§§251 to 262. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–591, §8(b), Dec. 24, 1980, 94 Stat. 3435
Section 251, acts Feb. 8, 1895, ch. 64, §1, 28 Stat. 645; May 17, 1928, ch. 600, 45 Stat. 592, related to time for lights and exclusivity of prescribed lights, and defined "visible".
Section 252, acts Feb. 8, 1895, ch. 64, §1, 28 Stat. 645; May 17, 1928, ch. 600, 45 Stat. 592; Feb. 28, 1929, ch. 370, 45 Stat. 1405; May 9, 1932, ch. 175, §1, 47 Stat. 152; Mar. 18, 1948, ch. 138, §§1–3, 62 Stat. 82, related to lights of steam vessels under way.
Section 253, act Feb. 8, 1895, ch. 64, §1, 28 Stat. 646, related to lights of steam vessels having a tow other than a raft.
Section 254, act Feb. 8, 1895, ch. 64, §1, 28 Stat. 646, related to lights of steam vessels having a raft in tow.
Section 255, act Feb. 8, 1895, ch. 64, §1, 28 Stat. 646, related to lights of sailing vessels under way and vessels in tow.
Section 256, acts Feb. 8, 1895, ch. 64, §1, 28 Stat. 646; May 17, 1928, ch. 601, §1, 45 Stat. 593; 1946 Reorg. Plan No. 3, §§101–104, eff. July 16, 1946, 11 F.R. 7875, 60 Stat. 1097, related to lights of small tugs, boats on River St. Lawrence, ferryboats, rafts and canal boats.
Section 257, act Feb. 8, 1895, ch. 64, §1, 28 Stat. 646, related to lights of small vessels under way in bad weather.
Section 258, acts Feb. 8, 1895, ch. 64, §1, 28 Stat. 647; May 17, 1928, ch. 600, 45 Stat. 592; Apr. 22, 1940, ch. 128, §2, 54 Stat. 150; Jan. 12, 1983, Pub. L. 97–449, §2(d)(1), 96 Stat. 2440, related to lights of vessels at anchor.
Section 259, acts Feb. 8, 1895, ch. 64, §1, 28 Stat. 647; 1946 Reorg. Plan No. 3, §§101–104, eff. July 16, 1946, 11 F.R. 7875, 60 Stat. 1097, related to lights of produce boats, canal boats, etc., navigating by hand or horsepower or by sail or by current, or at anchor.
Section 260, act Feb. 8, 1895, ch. 64, §1, 28 Stat. 647, related to lights of open boats.
Section 261, act Feb. 8, 1895, ch. 64, §1, 28 Stat. 647, related to use of torch by sailing vessels on approach of steamer.
Section 262, act Feb. 8, 1895, ch. 64, §1, 28 Stat. 647, related to suspension of lights by vessels of war or Coast Guard vessels.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective Date of Repeal
Repeal effective Mar. 1, 1983, pursuant to 47 F.R. 15135, Apr. 8, 1982, see section 7 of Pub. L. 96–591, set out as an Effective Date of 1980 Amendment note under section 1604 of this title.
SUBCHAPTER III—SOUND SIGNALS FOR FOG, ETC.; SPEED
§§271, 272. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–591, §8(b), Dec. 24, 1980, 94 Stat. 3435
Section 271, acts Feb. 8, 1895, ch. 64, §1, 28 Stat. 647; 1946 Reorg. Plan No. 3, §§101–104, eff. July 16, 1946, 11 F.R. 7875, 60 Stat. 1097; Mar. 18, 1948, ch. 138, §4, 62 Stat. 82, related to sound signals in fog, etc., of steam and sailing vessels under way, at anchor or aground.
Section 272, act Feb. 8, 1895, ch. 64, §1, 28 Stat. 648, related to speed in fog, etc.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective Date of Repeal
Repeal effective Mar. 1, 1983, pursuant to 47 F.R. 15135, Apr. 8, 1982, see section 7 of Pub. L. 96–591, set out as an Effective Date of 1980 Amendment note under section 1604 of this title.
SUBCHAPTER IV—STEERING AND SAILING RULES
§§281 to 293. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–591, §8(b), Dec. 24, 1980, 94 Stat. 3435
Section 281, act Feb. 8, 1895, ch. 64, §1, 28 Stat. 648, related to steering and sailing rules for sailing vessels approaching one another.
Section 282, act Feb. 8, 1895, ch. 64, §1, 28 Stat. 648, related to steam vessels meeting end on.
Section 283, act Feb. 8, 1895, ch. 64, §1, 28 Stat. 648, related to steam vessels crossing.
Section 284, acts Feb. 8, 1895, ch. 64, §1, 28 Stat. 648; Nov. 5, 1966, Pub. L. 89–764, §3, 80 Stat. 1313, related to steam and sailing vessels meeting.
Section 285, act Feb. 8, 1895, ch. 64, §1, 28 Stat. 649, related to maintenance of course and speed by vessel having right-of-way.
Section 286, act Feb. 8, 1895, ch. 64, §1, 28 Stat. 649, related to duty of steam vessel to slacken speed.
Section 287, act Feb. 8, 1895, ch. 64, §1, 28 Stat. 649, related to duty of overtaking vessel to keep out of the way.
Section 288, act Feb. 8, 1895, ch. 64, §1, 28 Stat. 649, related to whistle signals of steam vessels to indicate course.
Section 289, acts Feb. 8, 1895, ch. 64, §1, 28 Stat. 649; Nov. 5, 1966, Pub. L. 89–764, §4, 80 Stat. 1313, related to right-of-way when steam vessels meet in narrow channels having current and certain rivers, etc.
Section 290, act Feb. 8, 1895, ch. 64, §1, 28 Stat. 649, related to steam vessels passing in narrow channels and slackening speed when meeting in narrow channels.
Section 291, act Feb. 8, 1895, ch. 64, §1, 28 Stat. 649, related to dissent to or misunderstanding of signal given and duty to reduce speed.
Section 292, act Feb. 8, 1895, ch. 64, §1, 28 Stat. 649, related to departure from rules to avert immediate danger.
Section 293, act Feb. 8, 1895, ch. 64, §1, 28 Stat. 649, related to usual additional precautions generally required.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective Date of Repeal
Repeal effective Mar. 1, 1983, pursuant to 47 F.R. 15135, Apr. 8, 1982, see section 7 of Pub. L. 96–591, set out as an Effective Date of 1980 Amendment note under section 1604 of this title.
SUBCHAPTER V—ORDERS
§294. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–591, §8(b), Dec. 24, 1980, 94 Stat. 3435
Section, act Feb. 8, 1895, ch. 64, §1, as added Aug. 21, 1935, ch. 595, §3, 49 Stat. 669, related to orders to helmsmen.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective Date of Repeal
Repeal effective Mar. 1, 1983, pursuant to 47 F.R. 15135, Apr. 8, 1982, see section 7 of Pub. L. 96–591, set out as an Effective Date of 1980 Amendment note under section 1604 of this title.
SUBCHAPTER VI—VESSELS NOT UNDER WAY
§295. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–591, §8(b), Dec. 24, 1980, 94 Stat. 3435
Section, act Feb. 8, 1895, ch. 64, §1, as added Mar. 18, 1948, ch. 138, §5, 62 Stat. 82, related to day and night signals for vessels anchored, not under command, or aground.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective Date of Repeal
Repeal effective Mar. 1, 1983, pursuant to 47 F.R. 15135, Apr. 8, 1982, see section 7 of Pub. L. 96–591, set out as an Effective Date of 1980 Amendment note under section 1604 of this title.
CHAPTER 5—NAVIGATION RULES FOR RED RIVER OF THE NORTH AND RIVERS EMPTYING INTO GULF OF MEXICO AND TRIBUTARIES
Editorial Notes
Codification
The rules for preventing collisions prescribed by R.S. §4233, as amended, formed the basis of this chapter. Those rules as enacted were not limited in application to the navigation of any waters. But they were superseded as to navigation on the high seas and in all coast waters of the United States, except such as were otherwise provided for, by the adoption of "Revised International Regulations" by act Mar. 3, 1885, ch. 354, 23 Stat. 438; and these regulations were superseded by the adoption of the subsequent regulations of act Aug. 19, 1890, set out as section 61 et seq. and section 1051 et seq. of this title. The rules prescribed by R.S. §4233 were further superseded, as to navigation on the Great Lakes and their connecting and tributary waters as far east as Montreal, by the rules applying to such navigation prescribed by act Feb. 8, 1895 (section 241 et seq. of this title). The provisions of R.S. §§4233, 4412, and 4413 and regulations pursuant thereto were adopted as special rules for the navigation of harbors, rivers, and inland waters of the United States (except the Great Lakes and their connecting and tributary waters as far east as Montreal) by act Feb. 19, 1895. R.S. §§4412 and 4413 were classified to section 381 of former Title 46, Shipping. But thereafter the rules prescribed by R.S. §4233, were further superseded as to navigation of all harbors, rivers, and inland waters except the Red River of the North and rivers emptying into the Gulf of Mexico and their tributaries, by the rules applying to all such waters other than the specific exceptions, of act June 7, 1897 (section 151 et seq. of this title). The rules prescribed by R.S. §4233, therefore, remained in force only as to the navigation of the Red River of the North and rivers emptying into the Gulf of Mexico and their tributaries.
SUBCHAPTER I—PRELIMINARY
§§301 to 303. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–591, §8(a), Dec. 24, 1980, 94 Stat. 3435
Section 301, R.S. §4233; Aug. 19, 1890, ch. 802, 26 Stat. 320; Feb. 8, 1895, ch. 64, §1, 28 Stat. 645; Feb. 19, 1895, ch. 102, §1, 28 Stat. 672; June 7, 1897, ch. 4, 30 Stat. 96; May 21, 1948, ch. 328, §4, 62 Stat. 250; Aug. 8, 1953, ch. 386, §2, 67 Stat. 497, made provision for the adoption of rules for navigation on the Red River of the North and rivers emptying into the Gulf of Mexico and tributaries.
Section 302, R.S. §4233; Feb. 19, 1895, ch. 102, §1, 28 Stat. 672; Mar. 3, 1905, ch. 1457, §10, 33 Stat. 1032; May 21, 1948, ch. 328, §4, 62 Stat. 250, defined the terms "steam vessel", "under way", "visible", and "distinct blast".
Section 303, act Feb. 19, 1895, ch. 102, §3, 28 Stat. 672, set penalties for violation by vessels. See section 2072 of this title.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective Date of Repeal
Repeal effective Dec. 24, 1981, see section 7 of Pub. L. 96–591, set out as an Effective Date of 1980 Amendment note under section 1604 of this title.
SUBCHAPTER II—RULES CONCERNING LIGHTS
§§311 to 323. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–591, §8(a), Dec. 24, 1980, 94 Stat. 3435
Section 311, R.S. §4233; Feb. 19, 1895, ch. 102, §1, 28 Stat. 672; May 21, 1948, ch. 328, §4, 62 Stat. 250, related generally to the times during which rules for the display of lights were to be followed.
Section 312, R.S. §4233; Feb. 19, 1895, ch. 102, §1, 28 Stat. 672; May 21, 1948, ch. 328, §4, 62 Stat. 250; Aug. 14, 1958, Pub. L. 85–635, §3, 72 Stat. 590, set out requirements for lights on vessels towing alongside or pushing a vessel or vessels.
Section 313, R.S. §4233; Feb. 19, 1895, ch. 102, §1, 28 Stat. 672; May 21, 1948, ch. 328, §4, 62 Stat. 251, related to lights of vessels towing a vessel or vessels astern.
Section 314, R.S. §4233; Feb. 19, 1895, ch. 102, §1, 28 Stat. 672; May 21, 1948, ch. 328, §4, 62 Stat. 251, related to lights of seagoing steam vessels under way.
Section 315, R.S. §4233; Feb. 19, 1895, ch. 102, §1, 28 Stat. 672; May 21, 1948, ch. 328, §4, 62 Stat. 251, related to lights of river steamers.
Section 316, R.S. §4233; Mar. 3, 1893, ch. 202, 27 Stat. 557; Feb. 19, 1895, ch. 102, §1, 28 Stat. 672; 1946 Reorg. Plan No. 3, §§101–104, eff. July 16, 1946, 11 F.R. 7875, 60 Stat. 1097; May 21, 1948, ch. 328, §4, 62 Stat. 251, related to requirements of additional lights and to requirements of lights on steam vessels not otherwise provided for.
Section 317, R.S. §4233; Feb. 19, 1895, ch. 102, §1, 28 Stat. 672; May 21, 1948, ch. 328, §4, 62 Stat. 251, related to lights of sailing vessels under way and vessels being towed.
Section 318, R.S. §4233; Feb. 19, 1895, ch. 102, §1, 28 Stat. 672; May 21, 1948, ch. 328, §4, 62 Stat. 251, related to lights of small vessels in bad weather.
Section 319, R.S. §4233; Feb. 19, 1895, ch. 102, §1, 28 Stat. 672; Apr. 22, 1940, ch. 128, §3, 54 Stat. 151; May 21, 1948, ch. 328, §4, 62 Stat. 252; Aug. 14, 1958, Pub. L. 85–635, §4, 72 Stat. 591, related to lights of overtaken vessels.
Section 320, R.S. §4233; Feb. 19, 1895, ch. 102, §1, 28 Stat. 672; Mar. 3, 1897, ch. 389, §5, 29 Stat. 689; May 21, 1948, ch. 328, §4, 62 Stat. 252, related to lights of sailing and steam pilot vessels.
Section 321, R.S. §4233; Feb. 19, 1895, ch. 102, §1, 28 Stat. 672; May 21, 1948, ch. 328, §4, 62 Stat. 252, related to lights on motorboats.
Section 322, R.S. §4233; Feb. 19, 1895, ch. 102, §1, 28 Stat. 672; May 21, 1948, ch. 328, §4, 62 Stat. 252; Aug. 5, 1963, Pub. L. 88–84, §3, 77 Stat. 116; Oct. 15, 1966, Pub. L. 89–670, §6(g)(1)(D), 80 Stat. 941, related to lights of vessels at anchor.
Section 323, R.S. §4233; Feb. 19, 1895, ch. 102, §1, 28 Stat. 672; Mar. 3, 1897, ch. 389, §12, 29 Stat. 690; May 21, 1948, ch. 328, §4, 62 Stat. 253, related to lights on warships and Coast Guard cutters.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective Date of Repeal
Repeal effective Dec. 24, 1981, see section 7 of Pub. L. 96–591, set out as an Effective Date of 1980 Amendment note under section 1604 of this title.
SUBCHAPTER III—SOUND SIGNALS FOR FOG, ETC.
§331. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–591, §8(a), Dec. 24, 1980, 94 Stat. 3435
Section, R.S. §4233; Feb. 19, 1895, ch. 102, §1, 28 Stat. 672; Mar. 3, 1897, ch. 389, §12, 29 Stat. 690; May 21, 1948, ch. 328, §4, 62 Stat. 253; Aug. 5, 1963, Pub. L. 88–84, §4, 77 Stat. 117, related to manner of giving signals for vessels under way, in fog or bad weather, or at anchor.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective Date of Repeal
Repeal effective Dec. 24, 1981, see section 7 of Pub. L. 96–591, set out as an Effective Date of 1980 Amendment note under section 1604 of this title.
SUBCHAPTER IV—STEERING AND SAILING RULES
§§341 to 351. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–591, §8(a), Dec. 24, 1980, 94 Stat. 3435
Section 341, R.S. §4233; Feb. 19, 1895, ch. 102, §1, 28 Stat. 672; Mar. 3, 1897, ch. 389, §12, 29 Stat. 690; May 21, 1948, ch. 328, §4, 62 Stat. 253, related to rate of speed in fog or bad weather conditions.
Section 341a, R.S. §4233; May 21, 1948, ch. 328, §4, 62 Stat. 254, related to ascertainment of risk of collision.
Section 342, R.S. §4233; Feb. 19, 1895, ch. 102, §1, 26 Stat. 672; Mar. 3, 1897, ch. 389, §12, 29 Stat. 690; May 21, 1948, ch. 328, §4, 62 Stat. 253, related to situation in which sailing vessels were approaching one another.
Section 343, R.S. §4233; Feb. 19, 1895, ch. 102, §1, 28 Stat. 672; May 21, 1948, ch. 328, §4, 62 Stat. 254, related to steam vessels meeting end on.
Section 344, R.S. §4233; Feb. 19, 1895, ch. 102, §1, 28 Stat. 672; May 21, 1948, ch. 328, §4, 62 Stat. 254, related to signals to be given in the situation where steam vessels are crossing.
Section 345, R.S. §4233; Feb. 19, 1895, ch. 102, §1, 28 Stat. 672; May 21, 1948, ch. 328, §4, 62 Stat. 255; Nov. 5, 1966, Pub. L. 89–764, §5, 80 Stat. 1313, related to steam vessels and sailing vessels meeting.
Section 346, R.S. §4233; Feb. 19, 1895, ch. 102, §1, 28 Stat. 672; May 21, 1948, ch. 328, §4, 62 Stat. 255, related to duty of steam vessels to slacken speed.
Section 347, R.S. §4233; Feb. 19, 1895, ch. 102, §1, 28 Stat. 672; May 21, 1948, ch. 328, §4, 62 Stat. 255, related to duty of an overtaking vessel to keep out of the way.
Section 348, R.S. §4233; Feb. 19, 1895, ch. 102, 28 Stat. 672; May 21, 1948, ch. 328, §4, 62 Stat. 255, set out rule that a vessel having the right of way was to keep course.
Section 348a, R.S. §4233, Rule 23(A), as added Pub. L. 89–764, §6, Nov. 5, 1966, 80 Stat. 1313, related to rule that a steam vessel could not hamper safe passage of a large vessel or vessel in tow.
Section 349, R.S. §4233; Feb. 19, 1895, ch. 102, §1, 28 Stat. 672; May 21, 1948, ch. 328, §4, 62 Stat. 255, related to danger signals, responding signals, and additional signals.
Section 350, R.S. §4233; Feb. 19, 1895, ch. 102, §1, 28 Stat. 672; Mar. 3, 1897, ch. 389, §13, 29 Stat 690; May 21 1948, ch. 328, §4, 62 Stat. 256, related to departures from the rules to avoid collision.
Section 351, R.S. §4233; Feb. 19, 1895, ch. 102, §1, 28 Stat. 672; Mar. 3, 1897, ch. 389, §13, 29 Stat. 690; May 21, 1948, ch. 328, §4, 62 Stat. 256, related to usual additional precautions required.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective Date of Repeal
Repeal effective Dec. 24, 1981, see section 7 of Pub. L. 96–591, set out as an Effective Date of 1980 Amendment note under section 1604 of this title.
SUBCHAPTER V—ORDERS
§352. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–591, §8(a), Dec. 24, 1980, 94 Stat. 3435
Section, R.S. §4233; Feb. 19, 1895, ch. 102, §1, 28 Stat. 672; Aug. 21, 1935, ch. 595, §4, 49 Stat. 669; May 21, 1948, ch. 328, §4, 62 Stat. 256, related to orders given to helmsmen.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective Date of Repeal
Repeal effective Dec. 24, 1981, see section 7 of Pub. L. 96–591, set out as an Effective Date of 1980 Amendment note under section 1604 of this title.
SUBCHAPTER VI—MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS
§§353 to 356. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–591, §8(a), Dec. 24, 1980, 94 Stat. 3435
Section 353, R.S. §4233A, as added May 21, 1948, ch. 328, §4, 62 Stat. 256; amended Aug. 14, 1958, Pub. L. 85–656, §2, 72 Stat. 612, related to establishment of special rules.
Section 354, R.S. §4233B, as added May 21, 1948, ch. 328, §4, 62 Stat. 256, related to penalties for violations by pilots, engineers, mates, or masters. See section 2072 of this title.
Section 355, R.S. §4233C, as added May 21, 1948, ch. 328, §4, 62 Stat. 257, related to penalties for violation of the rules by a vessel. See section 2072 of this title.
Section 356, acts May 21, 1948, ch. 328, §5, 62 Stat. 257; Oct. 15, 1966, Pub. L. 89–670, §6(b)(1), 80 Stat. 938, related to exempted status of Navy and Coast Guard vessels from complying with International Rules of the Road.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective Date of Repeal
Repeal effective Dec. 24, 1981, see section 7 of Pub. L. 96–591, set out as an Effective Date of 1980 Amendment note under section 1604 of this title.
CHAPTER 5A—EXEMPTION OF NAVY OR COAST GUARD VESSELS FROM CERTAIN NAVIGATION RULES
§§360, 360a. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–591, §8(a), Dec. 24, 1980, 94 Stat. 3435
Section 360, acts Dec. 3, 1945, ch. 511, §1, 59 Stat. 590; Oct. 15, 1966, Pub. L. 89–670, §6(b)(1), 80 Stat. 938, provided that vessels of special construction be exempted from requirements with regard to number and position of lights.
Section 360a, acts Dec. 3, 1945, ch. 511, §2, 59 Stat. 591; Oct. 15, 1966, Pub. L. 89–670, §6(b)(1), 80 Stat. 938, related to publication of notice when the Secretary of the department in which the Coast Guard was operating made findings or certifications described in section 360 of this title.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective Date of Repeal
Repeal effective Dec. 24, 1981, see section 7 of Pub. L. 96–591, set out as an Effective Date of 1980 Amendment note under section 1604 of this title.
CHAPTER 6—GENERAL DUTIES OF SHIP OFFICERS AND OWNERS AFTER COLLISION OR OTHER ACCIDENT
§§361 to 368. Repealed. Pub. L. 98–89, §4(b), Aug. 26, 1983, 97 Stat. 599
Section 361, act June 20, 1874, ch. 344, §10, 18 Stat. 128; 1946 Reorg. Plan. No. 3, §§101–104, eff. July 16, 1946, 11 F.R. 7875, 60 Stat. 1097, required filing of reports to Coast Guard on accidents involving United States vessels and provided penalty for failure to comply. See sections 6101, 6103 of Title 46, Shipping.
Section 362, act June 20, 1874, ch. 344, §11, 18 Stat. 128; 1946 Reorg. Plan No. 3, §§101–104, eff. July 16, 1946, 11 F.R. 7875, 60 Stat. 1097, required reporting of probable loss of vessels and provided penalty for failure to comply. See sections 6101, 6103 of Title 46.
Section 363, acts June 20, 1874, ch. 344, §12, 18 Stat. 128; Feb. 14, 1903, ch. 552, §10, 32 Stat. 829; Mar. 4, 1913, ch. 141, §1, 37 Stat. 736; 1946 Reorg. Plan No. 3, §§101–104, eff. July 16, 1946, 11 F.R. 7875, 60 Stat. 1097, related to transmission of reports by Coast Guard officials to Commandant of Coast Guard.
Section 364, acts June 20, 1874, ch. 344, §13, 18 Stat. 128; Mar. 3, 1897, ch. 389, §11, 29 Stat. 689; Feb. 14, 1903, ch. 552, §10, 32 Stat. 829; Mar. 4, 1913, ch. 141, §1, 37 Stat. 736; 1946 Reorg. Plan No. 3, §§101–104, eff. July 16, 1946, 11 F.R. 7875, 60 Stat. 1097, related to remission and recovery of penalties. See section 2107 of Title 46.
Section 365, act Mar. 4, 1915, ch. 153, §15, 38 Stat. 1184; 1946 Reorg. Plan No. 3, §§101–104, eff. July 16, 1946, 11 F.R. 7875, 60 Stat. 1097, related to reports by owners of barges in tow. See section 6101 of Title 46.
Section 366, act Mar. 4, 1915, ch. 153, §15, 38 Stat. 1184; 1946 Reorg. Plan No. 3, §§101–104, eff. July 16, 1946, 11 F.R. 7875, 60 Stat. 1097, required Commandant of Coast Guard to transmit annually to Congress a summary of reports transmitted to him by Coast Guard officials as required under sections 361 to 365 of this title. See section 6307 of Title 46.
Section 367, act Sept. 4, 1890, ch. 875, §1, 26 Stat. 425, related to duty of master of a vessel in collision to give aid, and to give name of his vessel together with other information about his vessel. See sections 2303, 2304 of Title 46.
Section 368, act Sept. 4, 1890, ch. 875, §2, 26 Stat. 425, set out penalties for failure to give aid as required by section 367 of this title. See sections 2303, 2304 of Title 46.
Act Sept. 4, 1890, ch. 875, §3, 26 Stat. 425, which provided that sections 367 and 368 of this title were to take effect at a time to be fixed by President by proclamation (effective Dec. 15, 1890, by Presidential Proclamation of Nov. 18, 1890, 26 Stat. 1561), was repealed by Pub. L. 98–89, §4(b), 97 Stat. 599.
CHAPTER 7—REGULATIONS FOR THE SUPPRESSION OF PIRACY
§381. Use of public vessels to suppress piracy
The President is authorized to employ so many of the public armed vessels as in his judgment the service may require, with suitable instructions to the commanders thereof, in protecting the merchant vessels of the United States and their crews from piratical aggressions and depredations.
(R.S. §4293.)
Editorial Notes
Codification
R.S. §4293 derived from acts Mar. 3, 1819, ch. 77, §1, 3 Stat. 510; Jan. 30, 1823, ch. 7, 3 Stat. 721.
§382. Seizure of piratical vessels generally
The President is authorized to instruct the commanders of the public armed vessels of the United States to subdue, seize, take, and send into any port of the United States, any armed vessel or boat, or any vessel or boat, the crew whereof shall be armed, and which shall have attempted or committed any piratical aggression, search, restraint, depredation, or seizure, upon any vessel of the United States, or of the citizens thereof, or upon any other vessel; and also to retake any vessel of the United States, or its citizens, which may have been unlawfully captured upon the high seas.
(R.S. §4294.)
Editorial Notes
Codification
R.S. §4294 derived from acts Mar. 3, 1819, ch. 77, §2, 3 Stat. 512; Jan. 30, 1823, ch. 7, 3 Stat. 721.
§383. Resistance of pirates by merchant vessels
The commander and crew of any merchant vessel of the United States, owned wholly, or in part, by a citizen thereof, may oppose and defend against any aggression, search, restraint, depredation, or seizure, which shall be attempted upon such vessel, or upon any other vessel so owned, by the commander or crew of any armed vessel whatsoever, not being a public armed vessel of some nation in amity with the United States, and may subdue and capture the same; and may also retake any vessel so owned which may have been captured by the commander or crew of any such armed vessel, and send the same into any port of the United States.
(R.S. §4295.)
Editorial Notes
Codification
R.S. §4295 derived from acts Mar. 3, 1819, ch. 77, §3, 3 Stat. 513; Jan. 30, 1823, ch. 7, 3 Stat. 721.
§384. Condemnation of piratical vessels
Whenever any vessel, which shall have been built, purchased, fitted out in whole or in part, or held for the purpose of being employed in the commission of any piratical aggression, search, restraint, depredation, or seizure, or in the commission of any other act of piracy as defined by the law of nations, or from which any piratical aggression, search, restraint, depredation, or seizure shall have been first attempted or made, is captured and brought into or captured in any port of the United States, the same shall be adjudged and condemned to their use, and that of the captors after due process and trial in any court having admiralty jurisdiction, and which shall be holden for the district into which such captured vessel shall be brought; and the same court shall thereupon order a sale and distribution thereof accordingly, and at its discretion.
(R.S. §4296.)
Editorial Notes
Codification
R.S. §4296 derived from acts Mar. 3, 1819, ch. 77, §4, 3 Stat. 513; Jan. 30, 1823, ch. 7, 3 Stat. 721; Aug. 5, 1861, ch. 48, §1, 12 Stat. 314.
§385. Seizure and condemnation of vessels fitted out for piracy
Any vessel built, purchased, fitted out in whole or in part, or held for the purpose of being employed in the commission of any piratical aggression, search, restraint, depredation, or seizure, or in the commission of any other act of piracy, as defined by the law of nations, shall be liable to be captured and brought into any port of the United States if found upon the high seas, or to be seized if found in any port or place within the United States, whether the same shall have actually sailed upon any piratical expedition or not, and whether any act of piracy shall have been committed or attempted upon or from such vessel or not; and any such vessel may be adjudged and condemned, if captured by a vessel authorized as mentioned in section 386 of this title to the use of the United States, and to that of the captors, and if seized by a collector, surveyor, or marshal, then to the use of the United States.
(R.S. §4297.)
Editorial Notes
References in Text
Surveyor, referred to in text, is probably an obsolete office in view of act July 5, 1932, ch. 430, title I, §1, 47 Stat. 584, which abolished the offices of surveyors of customs, except at the Port of New York. Ports of delivery, except those which were made ports of entry, were abolished and the use of the term "port of delivery" was discontinued under the President's plan of reorganization of the customs service communicated to Congress by message dated Mar. 3, 1913.
Codification
R.S. §4297 derived from act Aug. 5, 1861, ch. 48, §1, 12 Stat. 314.
Executive Documents
Transfer of Functions
All offices of collector of customs, comptroller of customs, surveyor of customs, and appraiser of merchandise in Bureau of Customs of Department of the Treasury to which appointments were required to be made by President with advice and consent of Senate ordered abolished with such offices to be terminated not later than December 31, 1966, by Reorg. Plan No. 1 of 1965, eff. May 25, 1965, 30 F.R. 7035, 79 Stat. 1317, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees. All functions of offices eliminated were already vested in Secretary of the Treasury by Reorg. Plan No. 26 of 1950, eff. July 31, 1950, 15 F.R. 4935, 64 Stat. 1280, set out in the Appendix to Title 5.
§386. Commissioning private vessels for seizure of piratical vessels
The President is authorized to instruct the commanders of the public-armed vessels of the United States, and to authorize the commanders of any other armed vessels sailing under the authority of any letters of marque and reprisal granted by Congress, or the commanders of any other suitable vessels, to subdue, seize, take, and, if on the high seas, to send into any port of the United States, any vessel or boat built, purchased, fitted out, or held as mentioned in section 385 of this title.
(R.S. §4298.)
Editorial Notes
Codification
R.S. §4298 derived from act Aug. 5, 1861, ch. 48, §2, 12 Stat. 315.
§387. Duties of officers of customs and marshals as to seizure
The collectors of the several ports of entry, the surveyors of the several ports of delivery, and the marshals of the several judicial districts within the United States, shall seize any vessel or boat built, purchased, fitted out, or held as mentioned in section 385 of this title, which may be found within their respective ports or districts, and to cause the same to be proceeded against and disposed of as provided by that section.
(R.S. §4299.)
Editorial Notes
References in Text
Surveyors of the several ports of delivery, referred to in text, are probably obsolete offices in view of act July 5, 1932, ch. 430, title I, §1, 47 Stat. 584, which abolished the offices of surveyors of customs, except at the Port of New York. Ports of delivery, except those which were made ports of entry, were abolished and the use of the term "port of delivery" was discontinued under the President's plan of reorganization of the customs service communicated to Congress by message dated Mar. 3, 1913.
Codification
R.S. §4299 derived from act Aug. 5, 1861, ch. 48, §3, 12 Stat. 315.
Executive Documents
Transfer of Functions
All offices of collector of customs, comptroller of customs, surveyor of customs, and appraiser of merchandise in Bureau of Customs of Department of the Treasury to which appointments were required to be made by President with advice and consent of Senate ordered abolished, with such offices to be terminated not later than December 31, 1966, by Reorg. Plan No. 1, of 1965, eff. May 25, 1965, 30 F.R. 7035, 79 Stat. 1317, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees. All functions of offices eliminated were already vested in Secretary of the Treasury by Reorg. Plan No. 26 of 1950, eff. July 31, 1950, 15 F.R. 4935, 64 Stat. 1280, set out in the Appendix to Title 5.
CHAPTER 8—SUMMARY TRIALS FOR CERTAIN OFFENSES AGAINST NAVIGATION LAWS
§391. Summary trials authorized
Whenever a complaint shall be made against any master, officer, or seaman of any vessel belonging, in whole or in part, to any citizen of the United States, of the commission of any offense, not capital or otherwise infamous, against any law of the United States made for the protection of persons or property engaged in commerce or navigation, it shall be the duty of the United States attorney to investigate the same, and the general nature thereof, and if, in his opinion, the case is such as should be summarily tried, he shall report the same to the district judge, and the judge shall forthwith, or as soon as the ordinary business of the court will permit, proceed to try the cause, and for that purpose may, if necessary, hold a special session of the court, either in term time or vacation.
(R.S. §4300; June 25, 1948, ch. 646, §1, 62 Stat. 909.)
Editorial Notes
Codification
R.S. §4300 derived from act June 11, 1864, ch. 121, §2, 13 Stat. 124.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Change of Name
Act June 25, 1948, eff. Sept. 1, 1948, substituted "United States attorney" for "district attorney". See section 541 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure, and Historical and Revision Notes set out thereunder.
§392. Complaint and answer; jury trial
At the summary trial of offenses against the laws for the protection of persons or property engaged in commerce or navigation, it shall not be necessary that the accused shall have been previously indicted, but a statement of complaint, verified by oath in writing, shall be presented to the court, setting out the offense in such manner as clearly to apprise the accused of the character of the offense complained of, and to enable him to answer the complaint. The complaint or statement shall be read to the accused, who may plead to or answer the same, or make a counterstatement. The trial shall thereupon be proceeded with in a summary manner, and the case shall be decided by the court, unless, at the time for pleading or answering, the accused shall demand a jury, in which case the trial shall be upon the complaint and plea of not guilty.
(R.S. §4301.)
Editorial Notes
Codification
R.S. §4301 derived from act June 11, 1864, ch. 121, §§3, 4, 13 Stat. 125.
§393. Amendments of complaint and adjournments
It shall be lawful for the court to allow the United States attorney to amend his statement of complaint at any stage of the proceedings, before verdict, if, in the opinion of the court, such amendment will work no injustice to the accused; and if it appears to the court that the accused is unprepared to meet the charge as amended, and that an adjournment of the cause will promote the ends of justice, such adjournment shall be made, until a further day, to be fixed by the court.
(R.S. §4302; June 25, 1948, ch. 646, §1, 62 Stat. 909.)
Editorial Notes
Codification
R.S. §4302 derived from act June 11, 1864, ch. 121, §6, 13 Stat. 125.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Change of Name
Act June 25, 1948, eff. Sept. 1, 1948, substituted "United States attorney" for "district attorney". See section 541 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure, and Historical and Revision Notes set out thereunder.
§394. Challenge to jurors
At the trial in summary cases, if by jury, the United States and the accused shall each be entitled to three peremptory challenges. Challenges for cause, in such cases, shall be tried by the court without the aid of triers.
(R.S. §4303.)
Editorial Notes
Codification
R.S. §4303 derived from act June 11, 1864, ch. 121, §7, 13 Stat. 125.
§395. Limit of sentence
It shall not be lawful for the court to sentence any person convicted in such trial to any greater punishment than imprisonment in jail for one year, or to a fine exceeding $500, or both, in its discretion, in those cases where the laws of the United States authorize such imprisonment and fine.
(R.S. §4304.)
Editorial Notes
Codification
R.S. §4304 derived from act June 11, 1864, ch. 121, §5, 13 Stat. 125.
§396. Recovery of penalties and forfeitures generally
All the penalties and forfeitures which may be incurred for offenses against title 48 of the Revised Statutes may be sued for, prosecuted, and recovered in such court, and be disposed of in such manner, as any penalties and forfeitures which may be incurred for offenses against the laws relating to the collection of duties, except when otherwise expressly prescribed.
(R.S. §4305.)
Editorial Notes
References in Text
Title 48 of the Revised Statutes, referred to in text, was in the original "this Title", meaning title 48 of the Revised Statutes, consisting of R.S. §§4131 to 4305. For complete classification of R.S. §§4131 to 4305 to the Code, see Tables.
Codification
R.S. §4305 derived from act Dec. 31, 1792, ch. 1, §29, 1 Stat. 298.
CHAPTER 9—PROTECTION OF NAVIGABLE WATERS AND OF HARBOR AND RIVER IMPROVEMENTS GENERALLY
SUBCHAPTER I—IN GENERAL
SUBCHAPTER II—OIL POLLUTION OF COASTAL WATERS
SUBCHAPTER III—NEW YORK HARBOR, HARBOR OF HAMPTON ROADS, AND HARBOR OF BALTIMORE
SUBCHAPTER IV—POTOMAC RIVER AND TRIBUTARIES IN DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
SUBCHAPTER V—NAVIGABLE WATERS OF MARYLAND
SUBCHAPTER VI—WATER POLLUTION CONTROL
SUBCHAPTER VII—DAM INSPECTION PROGRAM
SUBCHAPTER I—IN GENERAL
§400. Continuing authority programs
(1) Definition of continuing authority program project
In this section, the term "continuing authority program" means 1 of the following authorities:
(A) Section 701s of this title.
(B) Section 426i of this title.
(C) Section 2330 of this title.
(D) Section 2309a of this title.
(E) Section 577 of this title.
(F) Section 426g of this title.
(G) Section 701r of this title.
(H) Section 103 of the River and Harbor Act of 1962 (Public Law 87–874; 76 Stat. 1178).
(I) Section 2326(e) of this title.
(J) Section 701b–8a of this title.
(K) Section 610(a) of this title.
(2) Prioritization
Not later than 1 year after June 10, 2014, the Secretary shall publish in the Federal Register and on a publicly available website, the criteria the Secretary uses for prioritizing annual funding for continuing authority program projects.
(3) Annual report
Not later than 1 year after June 10, 2014, and each year thereafter, the Secretary shall publish in the Federal Register and on a publicly available website, a report on the status of each continuing authority program, which, at a minimum, shall include—
(A) the name and a short description of each active continuing authority program project;
(B) the cost estimate to complete each active project; and
(C) the funding available in that fiscal year for each continuing authority program.
(4) Congressional notification
On publication in the Federal Register under paragraphs (2) and (3), the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives a copy of all information published under those paragraphs.
(Pub. L. 113–121, title I, §1030(a), June 10, 2014, 128 Stat. 1231.)
Editorial Notes
References in Text
Section 103 of the River and Harbor Act of 1962, referred to in par. (1)(H), is section 103 of Pub. L. 87–874, title I, Oct. 23, 1962, 76 Stat. 1178. Section 103(a)(1)–(3) of Pub. L. 87–874 amended section 426e of this title. Section 103(a)(4) of Pub. L. 87–874 amended sections 426f and 426g of this title. Section 103(b) of Pub. L. 87–874 is set out as a note under section 426 of this title. Section 103(c) of Pub. L. 87–874 is not classified to the Code.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
"Secretary" Defined
Secretary means the Secretary of the Army, see section 2 of Pub. L. 113–121, set out as a note under section 2201 of this title.
§401. Construction of bridges, causeways, dams or dikes generally; exemptions
It shall not be lawful to construct or commence the construction of any bridge, causeway, dam, or dike over or in any port, roadstead, haven, harbor, canal, navigable river, or other navigable water of the United States until the consent of Congress to the building of such structures shall have been obtained and until the plans for (1) the bridge or causeway shall have been submitted to and approved by the Secretary of the department in which the Coast Guard is operating, or (2) the dam or dike shall have been submitted to and approved by the Chief of Engineers and Secretary of the Army. However, such structures may be built under authority of the legislature of a State across rivers and other waterways the navigable portions of which lie wholly within the limits of a single State, provided the location and plans thereof are submitted to and approved by the Secretary of the department in which the Coast Guard is operating or by the Chief of Engineers and Secretary of the Army before construction is commenced. When plans for any bridge or other structure have been approved by the Secretary of the department in which the Coast Guard is operating or by the Chief of Engineers and Secretary of the Army, it shall not be lawful to deviate from such plans either before or after completion of the structure unless modification of said plans has previously been submitted to and received the approval of the Secretary of the department in which the Coast Guard is operating or the Chief of Engineers and the Secretary of the Army. The approval required by this section of the location and plans or any modification of plans of any bridge or causeway does not apply to any bridge or causeway over waters that are not subject to the ebb and flow of the tide and that are not used and are not susceptible to use in their natural condition or by reasonable improvement as a means to transport interstate or foreign commerce.
(Mar. 3, 1899, ch. 425, §9, 30 Stat. 1151; Pub. L. 97–322, title I, §107(b), Oct. 15, 1982, 96 Stat. 1582; Pub. L. 97–449, §2(f), Jan. 12, 1983, 96 Stat. 2440; Pub. L. 114–120, title III, §306(b)(1)(A), Feb. 8, 2016, 130 Stat. 55.)
Editorial Notes
Codification
Section is from act Mar. 3, 1899, popularly known as the "Rivers and Harbors Appropriation Act of 1899", and together with section 403 of this title effectively superseded act Sept. 19, 1890, ch. 907, §7, 26 Stat. 454, as amended generally by act July 13, 1892, ch. 158, §3, 27 Stat. 88, which prohibited the erection of obstructions to navigation, and prohibited the erection of bridges over navigable waters under State legislation before the approval of the plans by the Secretary of War, and prohibited the alteration of channels unless authorized by that Secretary.
Amendments
2016—Pub. L. 114–120 substituted "Secretary of the department in which the Coast Guard is operating" for "Secretary of Transportation" wherever appearing.
1983—Pub. L. 97–449 amended section generally to reflect transfer of certain functions, powers, and duties of Secretary of the Army under this section to Secretary of Transportation. See Transfer of Functions note below.
1982—Pub. L. 97–322 inserted sentence at end relating to exemption.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Transfer of Functions
Functions, powers, and duties of Secretary of the Army [formerly War] and other offices and officers of Department of the Army [formerly War] under this section to extent that they relate generally to location and clearances of bridges and causeways in navigable waters of United States transferred to and vested in Secretary of Transportation by Pub. L. 89–670, §6(g)(6)(A), Oct. 15, 1966, 80 Stat. 941. Pub. L. 97–449 amended this section to reflect transfer made by section 6(g)(6)(A) of Pub. L. 89–670, and repealed section 6(g)(6)(A).
Executive Documents
Transfer of Functions
Enforcement functions of Secretary or other official in Department of Transportation related to compliance with permits for bridges across navigable waters issued under this section with respect to pre-construction, construction, and initial operation of transportation system for Canadian and Alaskan natural gas were transferred to the Federal Inspector, Office of Federal Inspector for the Alaska Natural Gas Transportation System, until the first anniversary of date of initial operation of the Alaska Natural Gas Transportation System, see Reorg. Plan No. 1 of 1979, §§102(c), 203(a), 44 F.R. 33663, 33666, 93 Stat. 1373, 1376, effective July 1, 1979, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees. Office of Federal Inspector for the Alaska Natural Gas Transportation System abolished and functions and authority vested in Inspector transferred to Secretary of Energy by section 3012(b) of Pub. L. 102–486, set out as an Abolition of Office of Federal Inspector note under section 719e of Title 15, Commerce and Trade. Functions and authority vested in Secretary of Energy subsequently transferred to Federal Coordinator for Alaska Natural Gas Transportation Projects by section 720d(f) of Title 15.
§402. Construction of bridges, etc., over Illinois and Mississippi Canal
The provisions of section 401 of this title are made applicable alike to the completed and uncompleted portions of the Illinois and Mississippi Canal. Whenever the Secretary of the Army shall approve plans for a bridge to be built across said canal he may, in his discretion, and subject to such terms and conditions as in his judgment are equitable, expedient, and just to the public, grant to the person or corporation building and owning such bridge a right of way across the lands of the United States on either side of and adjacent to the said canal; also the privilege of occupying so much of said lands as may be necessary for the piers, abutments, and other portions of the bridge structure and approaches.
(June 13, 1902, ch. 1079, §10, 32 Stat. 374; July 26, 1947, ch. 343, title II, §205(a), 61 Stat. 501.)
Editorial Notes
Codification
Section is from part of act June 13, 1902, popularly known as the "Rivers and Harbors Appropriation Act of 1902".
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Change of Name
Department of War designated Department of the Army and title of Secretary of War changed to Secretary of the Army by section 205(a) of act July 26, 1947, ch. 343, title II, 61 Stat. 501. Section 205(a) of act July 26, 1947, was repealed by section 53 of act Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 641. Section 1 of act Aug. 10, 1956, enacted "Title 10, Armed Forces" which in sections 3010 to 3013 continued Department of the Army under administrative supervision of Secretary of the Army.
Transfer of Functions
Functions, powers, and duties of Secretary of the Army and other offices and officers of Department of the Army under section 401 of this title to extent that they relate generally to location and clearances of bridges and causeways in navigable waters of United States transferred to and vested in Secretary of Transportation by Pub. L. 89–670, §6(g)(6)(A), Oct. 15, 1966, 80 Stat. 941. Pub. L. 97–449 amended section 401 of this title to reflect transfer made by section 6(g)(6)(A) of Pub. L. 89–670, and repealed section 6(g)(6)(A).
§403. Obstruction of navigable waters generally; wharves; piers, etc.; excavations and filling in
The creation of any obstruction not affirmatively authorized by Congress, to the navigable capacity of any of the waters of the United States is prohibited; and it shall not be lawful to build or commence the building of any wharf, pier, dolphin, boom, weir, breakwater, bulkhead, jetty, or other structures in any port, roadstead, haven, harbor, canal, navigable river, or other water of the United States, outside established harbor lines, or where no harbor lines have been established, except on plans recommended by the Chief of Engineers and authorized by the Secretary of the Army; and it shall not be lawful to excavate or fill, or in any manner to alter or modify the course, location, condition, or capacity of, any port, roadstead, haven, harbor, canal, lake, harbor of refuge, or inclosure within the limits of any breakwater, or of the channel of any navigable water of the United States, unless the work has been recommended by the Chief of Engineers and authorized by the Secretary of the Army prior to beginning the same.
(Mar. 3, 1899, ch. 425, §10, 30 Stat. 1151; July 26, 1947, ch. 343, title II, §205(a), 61 Stat. 501.)
Editorial Notes
Codification
Section is from act Mar. 3, 1899, popularly known as the "Rivers and Harbors Appropriation Act of 1899", and together with section 401 of this title effectively superseded act Sept. 19, 1890, ch. 907, §7, 26 Stat. 454, as amended generally by act July 13, 1892, ch. 158, §3, 27 Stat. 88, which prohibited the erection of obstructions to navigation, and prohibited the erection of bridges over navigable waters under State legislation before the approval of the plans by the Secretary of War, and prohibited the alteration of channels unless authorized by that Secretary.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Change of Name
Department of War designated Department of the Army and title of Secretary of War changed to Secretary of the Army by section 205(a) of act July 26, 1947, ch. 343, title II, 61 Stat. 501. Section 205(a) of act July 26, 1947, was repealed by section 53 of act Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 641. Section 1 of act Aug. 10, 1956, enacted "Title 10, Armed Forces" which in sections 3010 to 3013 continued Department of the Army under administrative supervision of Secretary of the Army.
Transfer of Functions
Functions, powers, and duties of Secretary of the Army and other offices and officers of Department of the Army under section 401 of this title to extent that they relate generally to location and clearances of bridges and causeways in navigable waters of United States transferred to and vested in Secretary of Transportation by Pub. L. 89–670 §6(g)(6)(A), Oct. 15, 1966, 80 Stat. 941. Pub. L. 97–449 amended section 401 of this title to reflect transfer made by section 6(g)(6)(A) of Pub. L. 89–670, and repealed section 6(g)(6)(A).
Expediting Repairs and Recovery From Flooding
Pub. L. 116–260, div. AA, title I, §122, Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 2635, provided that:
"(a)
"(b)
"(1) the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.);
"(2) the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.); and
"(3) the Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.)."
Executive Documents
Transfer of Functions
Enforcement functions of Secretary of the Army, Chief of Engineers, or other official in Corps of Engineers of the United States Army related to compliance with permits for structures in navigable waters issued under this section with respect to pre-construction, construction, and initial operation of transportation system for Canadian and Alaskan natural gas were transferred to the Federal Inspector, Office of Federal Inspector for the Alaska Natural Gas Transportation System, until the first anniversary of date of initial operation of the Alaska Natural Gas Transportation System, see Reorg. Plan No. 1 of 1979, §§102(b), 203(a), 44 F.R. 33663, 33666, 93 Stat. 1373, 1376, effective July 1, 1979, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees. Office of Federal Inspector for the Alaska Natural Gas Transportation System abolished and functions and authority vested in Inspector transferred to Secretary of Energy by section 3012(b) of Pub. L. 102–486, set out as an Abolition of Office of Federal Inspector note under section 719e of Title 15, Commerce and Trade. Functions and authority vested in Secretary of Energy subsequently transferred to Federal Coordinator for Alaska Natural Gas Transportation Projects by section 720d(f) of Title 15.
§403a. Creation or continuance of obstruction of navigable waters
The creation of any obstruction, not affirmatively authorized by law, to the navigable capacity of any waters, in respect of which the United States has jurisdiction, is hereby prohibited. The continuance of any such obstruction, except bridges, piers, docks, and wharves, and similar structures erected for business purposes, whether heretofore or hereafter created, shall constitute an offense and each week's continuance of any such obstruction shall be deemed a separate offense. Every person and every corporation which shall be guilty of creating or continuing any such unlawful obstruction in this act mentioned, or who shall violate the provisions of the last four preceding sections of this act, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and on conviction thereof shall be punished by a fine not exceeding five thousand dollars, or by imprisonment (in the case of a natural person) not exceeding one year, or by both such punishments, in the discretion of the court, the creating or continuing of any unlawful obstruction in this act mentioned may be prevented and such obstruction may be caused to be removed by the injunction of any district court exercising jurisdiction in any district in which such obstruction may be threatened or may exist; and proper proceedings in equity to this end may be instituted under the direction of the Attorney-General of the United States.
(Sept. 19, 1890, ch. 907, §10, 26 Stat. 454; Mar. 3, 1911, ch. 231, §291, 36 Stat. 1167.)
Editorial Notes
References in Text
This act, referred to in text, is act Sept. 19, 1890, ch. 907, 26 Stat. 426. Sections 6 to 9 of the Act are not classified to the Code. For complete classification of this act to the Code, see Tables.
Codification
Text of section, which was previously omitted from the Code, was restored in view of conflicting court decisions as to whether or not section had been repealed or superseded. See eg. United States v. Wishkah Boom Co., 136 F. 42 (9th Cir. 1905), (appeal dismissed [1906] 202 U.S. 613); United States v. Wilson, 235 F.2d 251 (2d Cir. 1956).
§403b. Lighting at docks and boat launching facilities
Whenever the Secretary considers a permit application for a dock or a boat launching facility under section 403 of this title, the Secretary shall consider the needs of such facility for lighting from sunset to sunrise to make such facility's presence known within a reasonable distance.
(Pub. L. 99–662, title IX, §946, Nov. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 4200.)
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
"Secretary" Defined
Secretary means the Secretary of the Army, see section 2201 of this title.
§404. Establishment of harbor lines; conditions to grants for extension of piers, etc.
Where it is made manifest to the Secretary of the Army that the establishment of harbor lines is essential to the preservation and protection of harbors he may, and is, authorized to cause such lines to be established, beyond which no piers, wharves, bulkheads, or other works shall be extended or deposits made, except under such regulations as may be prescribed from time to time by him: Provided, That, whenever the Secretary of the Army grants to any person or persons permission to extend piers, wharves, bulkheads, or other works, or to make deposits in any tidal harbor or river of the United States beyond any harbor lines established under authority of the United States, he shall cause to be ascertained the amount of tidewater displaced by any such structure or by any such deposits, and he shall, if he deem it necessary, require the parties to whom the permission is given to make compensation for such displacement either by excavating in some part of the harbor, including tidewater channels between high and low water mark, to such an extent as to create a basin for as much tidewater as may be displaced by such structure or by such deposits, or in any other mode that may be satisfactory to him.
(Mar. 3, 1899, ch. 425, §11, 30 Stat. 1151; July 26, 1947, ch. 343, title II, §205(a), 61 Stat. 501.)
Editorial Notes
Codification
Section is from act Mar. 3, 1899, popularly known as the "Rivers and Harbors Appropriation Act of 1899".
Prior Provisions
This section and section 406 of this title, superseded act Aug. 11, 1888, ch. 860, §12, 25 Stat. 425, as amended by act Sept. 19, 1890, ch. 907, §12, 26 Stat. 455, which authorized the establishment of harbor lines, and prescribed a penalty for a violation of the section or any rule made in pursuance of it.
Section also superseded act Aug. 18, 1894, ch. 299, §9, 28 Stat. 364, which contained provisions for compensation for tide water displaced similar to the proviso in this section.
Act Aug. 5, 1886, ch. 929, §2, 24 Stat. 329, which was probably omitted from the Code as superseded by this section, provided that: "In places where harbor-lines have not been established, and where deposits of débris of mines or stamp works can be made without injury to navigation, within lines to be established by the Secretary of War, said officer may, and is hereby authorized to, cause such lines to be established; and within such lines such deposits may be made, under regulations to be from time to time prescribed by him."
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Change of Name
Department of War designated Department of the Army and title of Secretary of War changed to Secretary of the Army by section 205(a) of act July 26, 1947, ch. 343, title II, 61 Stat. 501. Section 205(a) of act July 26, 1947, was repealed by section 53 of act Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 641. Section 1 of act Aug. 10, 1956, enacted "Title 10, Armed Forces" which in sections 3010 to 3013 continued Department of the Army under administrative supervision of Secretary of the Army.
Transfer of Functions
Functions, powers, and duties of Secretary of the Army and other offices and officers of Department of the Army under section 401 of this title to extent that they relate generally to location and clearances of bridges and causeways in navigable waters of United States transferred to and vested in Secretary of Transportation by Pub. L. 89–670, §6(g)(6)(A), Oct. 15, 1966, 80 Stat. 941. Pub. L. 97–449 amended section 401 of this title to reflect transfer made by section 6(g)(6)(A) of Pub. L. 89–670, and repealed section 6(g)(6)(A).
§405. Establishment and modification of harbor lines on Potomac and Anacostia Rivers
The provisions of section 404 of this title are made applicable to the Potomac and Anacostia Rivers, and after July 25, 1912, harbor lines in the District of Columbia, or elsewhere on said rivers, shall be established or modified as therein provided.
(July 25, 1912, ch. 253, §1, 37 Stat. 206.)
Editorial Notes
Codification
Section is from part of section 1 of act July 25, 1912, popularly known as the "Rivers and Harbors Appropriation Act of 1912".
§406. Penalty for wrongful construction of bridges, piers, etc.; removal of structures
Every person and every corporation that shall violate any of the provisions of sections 401, 403, and 404 of this title or any rule or regulation made by the Secretary of the Army in pursuance of the provisions of section 404 of this title shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and on conviction thereof shall be punished by a fine not exceeding $2,500 nor less than $500, or by imprisonment (in the case of a natural person) not exceeding one year, or by both such punishments, in the discretion of the court. And further, the removal of any structures or parts of structures erected in violation of the provisions of the said sections may be enforced by the injunction of any district court exercising jurisdiction in any district in which such structures may exist, and proper proceedings to this end may be instituted under the direction of the Attorney General of the United States.
(Mar. 3, 1899, ch. 425, §12, 30 Stat. 1151; Feb. 20, 1900, ch. 23, §2, 31 Stat. 32; Mar. 3, 1911, ch. 231, §291, 36 Stat. 1167; July 26, 1947, ch. 343, title II, §205(a), 61 Stat. 501.)
Editorial Notes
Codification
Section is from act Mar. 3, 1899, popularly known as the "Rivers and Harbors Appropriation Act of 1899".
Amendments
1911—Act Mar. 3, 1911, transferred to the District Courts the enforcement powers formerly lodged in the Circuit Courts.
1900—Act Feb. 20, 1900, substituted "section eleven" for "section fourteen" where first appearing, which for codification purposes, was translated as "section 404 of this title".
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Change of Name
Department of War designated Department of the Army and title of Secretary of War changed to Secretary of the Army by section 205(a) of act July 26, 1947, ch. 343, title II, 61 Stat. 501. Section 205(a) of act July 26, 1947, was repealed by section 53 of act Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 641. Section 1 of act Aug. 10, 1956, enacted "Title 10, Armed Forces" which in sections 3010 to 3013 continued Department of the Army under administrative supervision of Secretary of the Army.
Transfer of Functions
Functions, powers, and duties of Secretary of the Army and other offices and officers of Department of the Army under section 401 of this title to extent that they relate generally to location and clearances of bridges and causeways in navigable waters of United States transferred to and vested in Secretary of Transportation by Pub. L. 89–670, §6(g)(6)(A), Oct. 15, 1966, 80 Stat. 941, which created Department of Transportation. Pub. L. 97–449 amended section 401 of this title to reflect transfer made by section 6(g)(6)(A) of Pub. L. 89–670, and repealed section 6(g)(6)(A).
§407. Deposit of refuse in navigable waters generally
It shall not be lawful to throw, discharge, or deposit, or cause, suffer, or procure to be thrown, discharged, or deposited either from or out of any ship, barge, or other floating craft of any kind, or from the shore, wharf, manufacturing establishment, or mill of any kind, any refuse matter of any kind or description whatever other than that flowing from streets and sewers and passing therefrom in a liquid state, into any navigable water of the United States, or into any tributary of any navigable water from which the same shall float or be washed into such navigable water; and it shall not be lawful to deposit, or cause, suffer, or procure to be deposited material of any kind in any place on the bank of any navigable water, or on the bank of any tributary of any navigable water, where the same shall be liable to be washed into such navigable water, either by ordinary or high tides, or by storms or floods, or otherwise, whereby navigation shall or may be impeded or obstructed: Provided, That nothing herein contained shall extend to, apply to, or prohibit the operations in connection with the improvement of navigable waters or construction of public works, considered necessary and proper by the United States officers supervising such improvement or public work: And provided further, That the Secretary of the Army, whenever in the judgment of the Chief of Engineers anchorage and navigation will not be injured thereby, may permit the deposit of any material above mentioned in navigable waters, within limits to be defined and under conditions to be prescribed by him, provided application is made to him prior to depositing such material; and whenever any permit is so granted the conditions thereof shall be strictly complied with, and any violation thereof shall be unlawful.
(Mar. 3, 1899, ch. 425, §13, 30 Stat. 1152; July 26, 1947, ch. 343, title II, §205(a), 61 Stat. 501.)
Editorial Notes
Codification
Section is from act Mar. 3, 1899, popularly known as the "Rivers and Harbors Appropriation Act of 1899".
Prior Provisions
This section and sections 408, 411, and 412 of this title, superseded act Aug. 18, 1894, ch. 299, §§6, 7, 8, 28 Stat. 363, which prohibited the depositing of refuse in navigable waters for the improvement of which money had been appropriated, and the injury to sea walls and other works built by the Government, and prescribed penalties for violations, including penalties against masters, etc., and vessels.
Section also superseded act Sept. 19, 1890, ch. 907, §6, 26 Stat. 453, which prohibited obstructing navigation by deposits of refuse, etc., in navigable waters.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Change of Name
Department of War designated Department of the Army and title of Secretary of War changed to Secretary of the Army by section 205(a) of act July 26, 1947, ch. 343, title II, 61 Stat. 501. Section 205(a) of act July 26, 1947, was repealed by section 53 of act Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 641. Section 1 of act Aug. 10, 1956, enacted "Title 10, Armed Forces" which in sections 3010 to 3013 continued Department of the Army under administrative supervision of Secretary of the Army.
Short Title
This section is popularly known as the "Refuse Act of 1899".
Transfer of Functions
Functions, powers, and duties of Secretary of the Army and other offices and officers of Department of the Army under section 401 of this title to extent that they relate generally to location and clearances of bridges and causeways in navigable waters of United States transferred to and vested in Secretary of Transportation by Pub. L. 89–670, §6(g)(6)(A), Oct. 15, 1966, 80 Stat. 941, which created Department of Transportation. Pub. L. 97–449 amended section 401 of this title to reflect transfer made by section 6(g)(6)(A) of Pub. L. 89–670, and repealed section 6(g)(6)(A).
Termination of Discharge Permit Program
No permits for discharges into navigable waters to be issued under this section after Oct. 18, 1972, and the discharge permit program to be carried out instead under section 1342 of this title, with applications under this section pending on Oct. 18, 1972, to be deemed applications for permits under section 1342, see section 1342 of this title.
Executive Documents
Executive Order No. 11574
Ex. Ord. No. 11574, Dec. 23, 1970, 35 F.R. 19627, which provided for administration of a permit program to regulate discharge of pollutants and other refuse matter into navigable waters or their tributaries and placement of such matter on their banks, was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 12553, Feb. 25, 1986, 51 F.R. 7237.
§407a. Deposit of debris of mines and stamp works
In places where harbor-lines have not been established, and where deposits of debris of mines or stamp works can be made without injury to navigation, within lines to be established by the Secretary of the Army, said officer may, and is authorized to, cause such lines to be established; and within such lines such deposits may be made, under regulations to be from time to time prescribed by him.
(Aug. 5, 1886, ch. 929, §2, 24 Stat. 329; July 26, 1947, ch. 343, title II, §205(a), 61 Stat. 501.)
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Change of Name
Department of War designated Department of the Army and title of Secretary of War changed to Secretary of the Army by section 205(a) of act July 26, 1947, ch. 343, title II, 61 Stat. 501. Section 205(a) of act July 26, 1947, was repealed by section 53 of act Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 641. Section 1 of act Aug. 10, 1956, enacted "Title 10, Armed Forces" which in sections 3010 to 3013 continued Department of the Army under administrative supervision of Secretary of the Army.
Transfer of Functions
Functions, powers, and duties of Secretary of the Army and other offices and officers of Department of the Army under section 401 of this title to extent that they relate generally to location and clearances of bridges and causeways in navigable waters of United States transferred to and vested in Secretary of Transportation by Pub. L. 89–670, §6(g)(6)(A), Oct. 15, 1966, 80 Stat. 941, which created Department of Transportation. Pub. L. 97–449 amended section 401 of this title to reflect transfer made by section 6(g)(6)(A) of Pub. L. 89–670, and repealed section 6(g)(6)(A).
§408. Taking possession of, use of, or injury to harbor or river improvements
(a) Prohibitions and permissions
It shall not be lawful for any person or persons to take possession of or make use of for any purpose, or build upon, alter, deface, destroy, move, injure, obstruct by fastening vessels thereto or otherwise, or in any manner whatever impair the usefulness of any sea wall, bulkhead, jetty, dike, levee, wharf, pier, or other work built by the United States, or any piece of plant, floating or otherwise, used in the construction of such work under the control of the United States, in whole or in part, for the preservation and improvement of any of its navigable waters or to prevent floods, or as boundary marks, tide gauges, surveying stations, buoys, or other established marks, nor remove for ballast or other purposes any stone or other material composing such works: Provided, That the Secretary of the Army may, on the recommendation of the Chief of Engineers, grant permission for the temporary occupation or use of any of the aforementioned public works when in his judgment such occupation or use will not be injurious to the public interest: Provided further, That the Secretary may, on the recommendation of the Chief of Engineers, grant permission for the alteration or permanent occupation or use of any of the aforementioned public works when in the judgment of the Secretary such occupation or use will not be injurious to the public interest and will not impair the usefulness of such work.
(b) Concurrent review
(1) NEPA review
(A) In general
In any case in which an activity subject to this section requires a review under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.), review and approval of the activity under this section shall, to the maximum extent practicable, occur concurrently with any review and decisions made under that Act.
(B) Corps of Engineers as a cooperating agency
If the Corps of Engineers is not the lead Federal agency for an environmental review described in subparagraph (A), the Corps of Engineers shall, to the maximum extent practicable and consistent with Federal laws—
(i) participate in the review as a cooperating agency (unless the Corps of Engineers does not intend to submit comments on the project); and
(ii) adopt and use any environmental document prepared under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.) by the lead agency to the same extent that a Federal agency could adopt or use a document prepared by another Federal agency under—
(I) the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.); and
(II) parts 1500 through 1508 of title 40, Code of Federal Regulations (or successor regulations).
(2) Reviews by Secretary
In any case in which the Secretary must approve an action under this section and under another authority, including sections 401 and 403 of this title, section 1344 of this title, and section 1413 of this title, the Secretary shall—
(A) coordinate applicable reviews and, to the maximum extent practicable, carry out the reviews concurrently; and
(B) adopt and use any document prepared by the Corps of Engineers for the purpose of complying with the same law and that addresses the same types of impacts in the same geographic area if such document, as determined by the Secretary, is current and applicable.
(3) Contributed funds
The Secretary may accept and expend funds received from non-Federal public or private entities to evaluate under this section an alteration or permanent occupation or use of a work built by the United States.
(c) Timely review
(1) Complete application
On or before the date that is 30 days after the date on which the Secretary receives an application for permission to take action affecting public projects pursuant to subsection (a), the Secretary shall inform the applicant whether the application is complete and, if it is not, what items are needed for the application to be complete.
(2) Decision
On or before the date that is 90 days after the date on which the Secretary receives a complete application for permission under subsection (a), the Secretary shall—
(A) make a decision on the application; or
(B) provide a schedule to the applicant identifying when the Secretary will make a decision on the application.
(3) Notification to Congress
In any case in which a schedule provided under paragraph (2)(B) extends beyond 120 days from the date of receipt of a complete application, the Secretary shall provide to the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives an explanation justifying the extended timeframe for review.
(d) Work Defined
For the purposes of this section, the term "work" shall not include unimproved real estate owned or operated by the Secretary as part of a water resources development project if the Secretary determines that modification of such real estate would not affect the function and usefulness of the project.
(Mar. 3, 1899, ch. 425, §14, 30 Stat. 1152; July 26, 1947, ch. 343, title II, §205(a), 61 Stat. 501; Pub. L. 99–88, title I, §100, Aug. 15, 1985, 99 Stat. 315; Pub. L. 114–322, title I, §1156(a), Dec. 16, 2016, 130 Stat. 1664; Pub. L. 115–270, title I, §1165, Oct. 23, 2018, 132 Stat. 3797.)
Editorial Notes
References in Text
The National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, referred to in subsec. (b)(1), is Pub. L. 91–190, Jan. 1, 1970, 83 Stat. 852, which is classified generally to chapter 55 (§4321 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 4321 of Title 42 and Tables.
Codification
Section is from act Mar. 3, 1899, popularly known as the "Rivers and Harbors Appropriation Act of 1899".
Prior Provisions
Section superseded act Sept. 19, 1890, ch. 907, §9, 26 Stat. 426, which prohibited persons taking possession of or using or injuring government works in navigable waters.
Act Aug. 14, 1876, ch. 267, §3, 19 Stat. 139, penalizing persons injuring any pier breakwater, or other work of the United States for the improvement of rivers or harbors or navigation, was probably omitted from the Code as superseded by this section.
Amendments
2018—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 115–270 added subsec. (d).
2016—Pub. L. 114–322 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a), inserted heading, and added subsecs. (b) and (c).
1985—Pub. L. 99–88 inserted further proviso empowering Secretary, on recommendation of Chief of Engineers, to grant permission for alteration or permanent occupation or use of any of public works mentioned in this section when in judgment of Secretary such occupation or use will not be injurious to public interest and will not impair usefulness of such work.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Change of Name
Department of War designated Department of the Army and title of Secretary of War changed to Secretary of the Army by section 205(a) of act July 26, 1947, ch. 343, title II, 61 Stat. 501. Section 205(a) of act July 26, 1947, was repealed by section 53 of act Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 641. Section 1 of act Aug. 10, 1956, enacted "Title 10, Armed Forces" which in sections 3010 to 3013 continued Department of the Army under administrative supervision of Secretary of the Army.
Transfer of Functions
Functions, powers, and duties of Secretary of the Army and other offices and officers of Department of the Army under section 401 of this title to extent that they relate generally to location and clearances of bridges and causeways in navigable waters of United States transferred to and vested in Secretary of Transportation by Pub. L. 89–670, §6(g)(6)(A), Oct. 15, 1966, 80 Stat. 941, which created Department of Transportation. Pub. L. 97–449 amended section 401 of this title to reflect transfer made by section 6(g)(6)(A) of Pub. L. 89–670, and repealed section 6(g)(6)(A).
§408a. Expediting approval of modifications and alterations of projects by non-Federal interests
(a) Section 14 application defined
In this section, the term "section 14 application" means an application submitted by an applicant to the Secretary requesting permission for the temporary occupation or use of a public work, or the alteration or permanent occupation or use of a public work, under section 14 of the Act of March 3, 1899 (commonly known as the "Rivers and Harbors Appropriation Act of 1899") (33 U.S.C. 408).
(b) Review
Not later than 1 year after June 10, 2014, the Secretary, after providing notice and an opportunity for comment, shall establish a process for the review of section 14 applications in a timely and consistent manner.
(c) Benchmark goals
(1) Establishment of benchmark goals
In carrying out subsection (b), the Secretary shall—
(A) establish benchmark goals for determining the amount of time it should take the Secretary to determine whether a section 14 application is complete;
(B) establish benchmark goals for determining the amount of time it should take the Secretary to approve or disapprove a section 14 application; and
(C) to the extent practicable, use such benchmark goals to make a decision on section 14 applications in a timely and consistent manner.
(2) Benchmark goals
(A) Benchmark goals for determining whether section 14 applications are complete
To the extent practicable, the benchmark goals established under paragraph (1) shall provide that—
(i) the Secretary reach a decision on whether a section 14 application is complete not later than 15 days after the date of receipt of the application; and
(ii) if the Secretary determines that a section 14 application is not complete, the Secretary promptly notify the applicant of the specific information that is missing or the analysis that is needed to complete the application.
(B) Benchmark goals for reviewing completed applications
To the extent practicable, the benchmark goals established under paragraph (1) shall provide that—
(i) the Secretary generally approve or disapprove a completed section 14 application not later than 45 days after the date of receipt of the completed application; and
(ii) in a case in which the Secretary determines that additional time is needed to review a completed section 14 application due to the type, size, cost, complexity, or impacts of the actions proposed in the application, the Secretary generally approve or disapprove the application not later than 180 days after the date of receipt of the completed application.
(3) Notice
In any case in which the Secretary determines that it will take the Secretary more than 45 days to review a completed section 14 application, the Secretary shall—
(A) provide written notification to the applicant; and
(B) include in the written notice a best estimate of the Secretary as to the amount of time required for completion of the review.
(d) Failure to achieve benchmark goals
In any case in which the Secretary fails make 1 a decision on a section 14 application in accordance with the process established under this section, the Secretary shall provide written notice to the applicant, including a detailed description of—
(1) why the Secretary failed to make a decision in accordance with such process;
(2) the additional actions required before the Secretary will issue a decision; and
(3) the amount of time the Secretary will require to issue a decision.
(e) Notification
(1) Submission to Congress
The Secretary shall provide a copy of any written notice provided under subsection (d) to the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives.
(2) Public availability
The Secretary shall maintain a publicly available database, including on the Internet, on—
(A) all section 14 applications received by the Secretary; and
(B) the current status of such applications.
(f) Guidance
(1) In general
Not later than 120 days after December 16, 2016, the Secretary shall issue guidance on the implementation of this section.
(2) Incorporation
In issuing guidance under paragraph (1), or any other regulation, guidance, or engineering circular related to activities covered under section 408 of this title, the Secretary shall incorporate the requirements under this section.
(g) Prioritization
The Secretary shall prioritize and complete the activities required of the Secretary under this section.
(Pub. L. 113–121, title I, §1007, June 10, 2014, 128 Stat. 1214; Pub. L. 114–322, title I, §1156(b), Dec. 16, 2016, 130 Stat. 1665.)
Editorial Notes
Amendments
2016—Subsecs. (f), (g). Pub. L. 114–322 added subsecs. (f) and (g).
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
"Secretary" Defined
Secretary means the Secretary of the Army, see section 2 of Pub. L. 113–121, set out as a note under section 2201 of this title.
1 So in original. Probably should be preceded by "to".
§409. Obstruction of navigable waters by vessels; floating timber; marking and removal of sunken vessels
It shall not be lawful to tie up or anchor vessels or other craft in navigable channels in such a manner as to prevent or obstruct the passage of other vessels or craft; or to sink, or permit or cause to be sunk, vessels or other craft in navigable channels; or to float loose timber and logs, or to float what is known as "sack rafts of timber and logs" in streams or channels actually navigated by steamboats in such manner as to obstruct, impede, or endanger navigation. And whenever a vessel, raft or other craft is wrecked and sunk in a navigable channel, it shall be the duty of the owner, lessee, or operator of such sunken craft to immediately mark it with a buoy or beacon during the day and, unless otherwise granted a waiver by the Commandant of the Coast Guard, a light at night, and to maintain such marks until the sunken craft is removed or abandoned, and the neglect or failure of the said owner, lessee, or operator so to do shall be unlawful; and it shall be the duty of the owner, lessee, or operator of such sunken craft to commence the immediate removal of the same, and prosecute such removal diligently, and failure to do so shall be considered as an abandonment of such craft, and subject the same to removal by the United States as provided for in sections 411 to 416, 418, and 502 of this title. The Commandant of the Coast Guard may waive the requirement to mark a wrecked vessel, raft, or other craft with a light at night if the Commandant determines that placing a light would be impractical and granting such a waiver would not create an undue hazard to navigation.
(Mar. 3, 1899, ch. 425, §15, 30 Stat. 1152; Pub. L. 99–662, title IX, §939(a), Nov. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 4199; Pub. L. 108–293, title III, §301, Aug. 9, 2004, 118 Stat. 1041.)
Editorial Notes
Codification
Section is from act Mar. 3, 1899, popularly known as the "Rivers and Harbors Appropriation Act of 1899".
Amendments
2004—Pub. L. 108–293 substituted "day and, unless otherwise granted a waiver by the Commandant of the Coast Guard, a light" for "day and a lighted lantern" in second sentence and inserted at end "The Commandant of the Coast Guard may waive the requirement to mark a wrecked vessel, raft, or other craft with a light at night if the Commandant determines that placing a light would be impractical and granting such a waiver would not create an undue hazard to navigation."
1986—Pub. L. 99–662 substituted "or to sink" for "or to voluntarily or carelessly sink", struck out "accidentally or otherwise," after "navigable channel,", and inserted ", lessee, or operator" after "owner" in three places.
§410. Exception as to floating loose timber, sack rafts, etc.; violation of regulations; penalty
The prohibition contained in section 409 of this title against floating loose timber and logs, or sack rafts, so called, of timber and logs in streams or channels actually navigated by steamboats, shall not apply to any navigable river or waterway of the United States or any part thereof whereon the floating of loose timber and logs and sack rafts of timber and logs is the principal method of navigation. But such method of navigation on such river or waterway or part thereof shall be subject to the rules and regulations prescribed by the Secretary of the Army as provided in this section.
The Secretary of the Army shall have power, and he is authorized and directed to prescribe rules and regulations, which he may at any time modify, to govern and regulate the floating of loose timber and logs, and sack rafts, (so called) of timber and logs and other methods of navigation on the streams and waterways, or any thereof, of the character, as to navigation, heretofore in this section described. The said rules and regulations shall be so framed as to equitably adjust conflicting interests between the different methods or forms of navigation; and the said rules and regulations shall be published at least once in such newspaper or newspapers of general circulation as in the opinion of the Secretary of the Army shall be best adapted to give notice of said rules and regulations to persons affected thereby and locally interested therein. And all modifications of said rules and regulations shall be similarly published. And such rules and regulations when so prescribed and published as to any such stream or waterway shall have the force of law, and any violation thereof shall be a misdemeanor, and every person convicted of such violation shall be punished by a fine of not exceeding $2,500 nor less than $500, or by imprisonment (in case of a natural person) for not less than thirty days nor more than one year, or by both such fine and imprisonment, in the discretion of the court: Provided, That the proper action to enforce the provisions of this section may be commenced before any magistrate judge, judge, or court of the United States, and such magistrate judge, judge, or court shall proceed in respect thereto as authorized by law in the case of crimes or misdemeanors committed against the United States.
The right to alter, amend, or repeal this section at any time is reserved.
(May 9, 1900, ch. 387, §§1–3, 31 Stat. 172; July 26, 1947, ch. 343, title II, §205(a), 61 Stat. 501; Pub. L. 90–578, title IV, §402(b)(2), Oct. 17, 1968, 82 Stat. 1118; Pub. L. 101–650, title III, §321, Dec. 1, 1990, 104 Stat. 5117.)
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Change of Name
Department of War designated Department of the Army and title of Secretary of War changed to Secretary of the Army by section 205(a) of act July 26, 1947, ch. 343, title II, 61 Stat. 501. Section 205(a) of act July 26, 1947, was repealed by section 53 of act Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 641. Section 1 of act Aug. 10, 1956, enacted "Title 10, Armed Forces" which in sections 3010 to 3013 continued Department of the Army under administrative supervision of Secretary of the Army.
"Magistrate judge" substituted in text for "magistrate" pursuant to section 321 of Pub. L. 101–650, set out as a note under section 631 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure. Previously, "magistrate" was substituted for "commissioner" pursuant to Pub. L. 90–578. See chapter 43 (§631 et seq.) of Title 28.
Transfer of Functions
Functions, powers, and duties of Secretary of the Army and other offices and officers of Department of the Army under section 401 of this title to extent that they relate generally to location and clearances of bridges and causeways in navigable waters of United States transferred to and vested in Secretary of Transportation by Pub. L. 89–670, §6(g)(6)(A), Oct. 15, 1966, 80 Stat. 941, which created Department of Transportation. Pub. L. 97–449 amended section 401 of this title to reflect transfer made by section 6(g)(6)(A) of Pub. L. 89–670, and repealed section 6(g)(6)(A).
§411. Penalty for wrongful deposit of refuse; use of or injury to harbor improvements, and obstruction of navigable waters generally
Every person and every corporation that shall violate, or that shall knowingly aid, abet, authorize, or instigate a violation of the provisions of sections 407, 408, 409, 414, and 415 of this title shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and on conviction thereof shall be punished by a fine of up to $25,000 per day, or by imprisonment (in the case of a natural person) for not less than thirty days nor more than one year, or by both such fine and imprisonment, in the discretion of the court, one-half of said fine to be paid to the person or persons giving information which shall lead to conviction.
(Mar. 3, 1899, ch. 425, §16, 30 Stat. 1153; Pub. L. 104–303, title II, §218(a), Oct. 12, 1996, 110 Stat. 3696.)
Editorial Notes
Codification
Section is from part of section 16 of act Mar. 3, 1899, popularly known as the "Rivers and Harbors Appropriation Act of 1899". The balance of such section, relating to liability of masters, pilots, and so forth and of vessels engaged in violations, is classified to section 412 of this title.
Amendments
1996—Pub. L. 104–303 substituted "407, 408, 409, 414, and 415" for "407, 408, and 409" and "of up to $25,000 per day" for "not exceeding twenty-five hundred dollars nor less than five hundred dollars".
§412. Liability of masters, pilots, etc., and of vessels engaged in violations
Any and every master, pilot, and engineer, or person or persons acting in such capacity, respectively, on board of any boat or vessel who shall knowingly engage in towing any scow, boat, or vessel loaded with any material specified in section 407 of this title to any point or place of deposit or discharge in any harbor or navigable water, elsewhere than within the limits defined and permitted by the Secretary of the Army, or who shall willfully injure or destroy any work of the United States contemplated in section 408 of this title, or who shall willfully obstruct the channel of any waterway in the manner contemplated in section 409 of this title, shall be deemed guilty of a violation of this Act, and shall upon conviction be punished as provided in section 411 of this title, and shall also have his license revoked or suspended for a term to be fixed by the judge before whom tried and convicted. And any boat, vessel, scow, raft, or other craft used or employed in violating any of the provisions of sections 407, 408, 409, 414, and 415 of this title shall be liable for the pecuniary penalties specified in section 411 of this title, and in addition thereto for the amount of the damages done by said boat, vessel, scow, raft, or other craft, which latter sum shall be placed to the credit of the appropriation for the improvement of the harbor or waterway in which the damage occurred, and said boat, vessel, scow, raft, or other craft may be proceeded against summarily by way of libel in any district court of the United States having jurisdiction thereof.
(Mar. 3, 1899, ch. 425, §16, 30 Stat. 1153; July 26, 1947, ch. 343, title II, §205(a), 61 Stat. 501; Pub. L. 104–303, title II, §218(a)(1), Oct. 12, 1996, 110 Stat. 3696.)
Editorial Notes
References in Text
This Act, referred to in text, is act Mar. 3, 1899, ch. 425, 30 Stat. 1148, popularly known as the Rivers and Harbors Appropriation Act of 1899, which enacted sections 401, 403, 404, 406, 407, 408, 409, 411 to 416, 418, 502, 549, and 687 of this title, and amended section 686 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.
Codification
Section is from part of section 16 of act Mar. 3, 1899, popularly known as the "Rivers and Harbors Appropriation Act of 1899". The balance of such section, relating to penalties for the wrongful deposit of refuse, is classified to section 411 of this title.
Amendments
1996—Pub. L. 104–303 substituted "407, 408, 409, 414, and 415 of this title" for "407, 408, and 409 of this title".
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Change of Name
Department of War designated Department of the Army and title of Secretary of War changed to Secretary of the Army by section 205(a) of act July 26, 1947, ch. 343, title II, 61 Stat. 501. Section 205(a) of act July 26, 1947, was repealed by section 53 of act Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 641. Section 1 of act Aug. 10, 1956, enacted "Title 10, Armed Forces" which in sections 3010 to 3013 continued Department of the Army under administrative supervision of Secretary of the Army.
Transfer of Functions
Functions, powers, and duties of Secretary of the Army and other offices and officers of Department of the Army under section 401 of this title to extent that they relate generally to location and clearances of bridges and causeways in navigable waters of United States transferred to and vested in Secretary of Transportation by Pub. L. 89–670, §6(g)(6)(A), Oct. 15, 1966, 80 Stat. 941, which created Department of Transportation. Pub. L. 97–449 amended section 401 of this title to reflect transfer made by section 6(g)(6)(A) of Pub. L. 89–670, and repealed section 6(g)(6)(A).
§413. Duty of United States attorneys and other Federal officers in enforcement of provisions; arrest of offenders
The Department of Justice shall conduct the legal proceedings necessary to enforce the provisions of sections 401, 403, 404, 406, 407, 408, 409, 411, and 412 of this title; and it shall be the duty of United States attorneys to vigorously prosecute all offenders against the same whenever requested to do so by the Secretary of the Army or by any of the officials hereinafter designated, and it shall furthermore be the duty of said United States attorneys to report to the Attorney General of the United States the action taken by him against offenders so reported, and a transcript of such reports shall be transmitted to the Secretary of the Army by the Attorney General; and for the better enforcement of the said provisions and to facilitate the detection and bringing to punishment of such offenders, the officers and agents of the United States in charge of river and harbor improvements, and the assistant engineers and inspectors employed under them by authority of the Secretary of the Army, and the United States collectors of customs and other revenue officers shall have power and authority to swear out process, and to arrest and take into custody, with or without process, any person or persons who may commit any of the acts or offenses prohibited by the said sections, or who may violate any of the provisions of the same: Provided, That no person shall be arrested without process for any offense not committed in the presence of some one of the aforesaid officials: And provided further, That whenever any arrest is made under such sections, the person so arrested shall be brought forthwith before a magistrate judge, judge, or court of the United States for examination of the offenses alleged against him; and such magistrate judge, judge, or court shall proceed in respect thereto as authorized by law in case of crimes against the United States.
(Mar. 3, 1899, ch. 425, §17, 30 Stat. 1153; July 26, 1947, ch. 343, title II, §205(a), 61 Stat. 501; June 25, 1948, ch. 646, §1, 62 Stat. 909; Pub. L. 90–578, title IV, §402(b)(2), Oct. 17, 1968, 82 Stat. 1118; Pub. L. 101–650, title III, §321, Dec. 1, 1990, 104 Stat. 5117.)
Editorial Notes
Codification
Section is from act Mar. 3, 1899, popularly known as the "Rivers and Harbors Appropriation Act of 1899".
Prior Provisions
Act Sept. 19, 1890, ch. 907, §11, 26 Stat. 455, was probably omitted from the Code as superseded by this section, or as rendered obsolete by act March 3, 1899, different sections of which superseded provisions of the act of 1890, the enforcement of which was provided for by section 11. It read as follows: "It shall be the duty of officers and agents having the supervision, on the part of the United States, of the works in progress for the preservation and improvement of said navigable waters, and, in their absence, of the United States collectors of customs and other revenue officers to enforce the provisions of this act by giving information to the district attorney of the United States for the district in which any violation of any provision of this act shall have been committed: Provided, That the provisions of this act shall not apply to Torch Lake, Houghton County, Michigan."
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Change of Name
Act June 25, 1948, eff. Sept. 1, 1948, substituted "United States attorneys" for "district attorneys of the United States" and "district attorneys". See section 541 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure, and Historical and Revision Notes set out thereunder.
Department of War designated Department of the Army and title of Secretary of War changed to Secretary of the Army by section 205(a) of act July 26, 1947, ch. 343, title II, 61 Stat. 501. Section 205(a) of act July 26, 1947, was repealed by section 53 of act Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 641. Section 1 of act Aug. 10, 1956, enacted "Title 10, Armed Forces" which in sections 3010 to 3013 continued Department of the Army under administrative supervision of Secretary of the Army.
"Magistrate judge" substituted in text for "magistrate" pursuant to section 321 of Pub. L. 101–650, set out as a note under section 631 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure. Previously, "magistrate" was substituted for "commissioner" pursuant to Pub. L. 90–578. See chapter 43 (§631 et seq.) of Title 28.
Transfer of Functions
Functions, powers, and duties of Secretary of the Army and other offices and officers of Department of the Army under section 401 of this title to extent that they relate generally to location and clearances of bridges and causeways in navigable waters of United States transferred to and vested in Secretary of Transportation by Pub. L. 89–670, §6(g)(6)(A), Oct. 15, 1966, 80 Stat. 941, which created Department of Transportation. Pub. L. 97–449 amended section 401 of this title to reflect transfer made by section 6(g)(6)(A) of Pub. L. 89–670, and repealed section 6(g)(6)(A).
Executive Documents
Transfer of Functions
All offices of collector of customs, comptroller of customs, surveyor of customs, and appraiser of merchandise in Bureau of Customs of Department of the Treasury to which appointments required to be made by President with advice and consent of Senate were ordered abolished with such offices to be terminated not later than Dec. 31, 1966, by Reorg. Plan No. 1 of 1965, eff. May 25, 1965, 30 F.R. 7035, 79 Stat. 1317, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees. All functions of the offices eliminated were already vested in Secretary of the Treasury by Reorg. Plan No. 26 of 1950, eff. July 31, 1950, 15 F.R. 4935, 64 Stat. 1280, set out in the Appendix to Title 5.
§414. Removal by Secretary of the Army of sunken water craft generally; liability of owner, lessee, or operator
(a) Whenever the navigation of any river, lake, harbor, sound, bay, canal, or other navigable waters of the United States shall be obstructed or endangered by any sunken vessel, boat, water craft, raft, or other similar obstruction, and such obstruction has existed for a longer period than thirty days, or whenever the abandonment of such obstruction can be legally established in a less space of time, the sunken vessel, boat, water craft, raft, or other obstruction shall be subject to be broken up, removed, sold, or otherwise disposed of by the Secretary of the Army at his discretion, without liability for any damage to the owners of the same: Provided, That in his discretion, the Secretary of the Army may cause reasonable notice of such obstruction of not less than thirty days, unless the legal abandonment of the obstruction can be established in a less time, to be given by publication, addressed "To whom it may concern," in a newspaper published nearest to the locality of the obstruction, requiring the removal thereof: And provided also, That the Secretary of the Army may, in his discretion, at or after the time of giving such notice, cause sealed proposals to be solicited by public advertisement, giving reasonable notice of not less than ten days, for the removal of such obstruction as soon as possible after the expiration of the above specified thirty days' notice, in case it has not in the meantime been so removed, these proposals and contracts, at his discretion, to be conditioned that such vessel, boat, water craft, raft, or other obstruction, and all cargo and property contained therein, shall become the property of the contractor, and the contract shall be awarded to the bidder making the proposition most advantageous to the United States: Provided, That such bidder shall give satisfactory security to execute the work: Provided further, That any money received from the sale of any such wreck, or from any contractor for the removal of wrecks, under this paragraph shall be covered into the Treasury of the United States.
(b) The owner, lessee, or operator of such vessel, boat, watercraft, raft, or other obstruction as described in this section shall be liable to the United States for the cost of removal or destruction and disposal as described which exceeds the costs recovered under subsection (a). Any amount recovered from the owner, lessee, or operator of such vessel pursuant to this subsection to recover costs in excess of the proceeds from the sale or disposition of such vessel shall be deposited in the general fund of the Treasury of the United States.
(Mar. 3, 1899, ch. 425, §19, 30 Stat. 1154; July 26, 1947, ch. 343, title II, §205(a), 61 Stat. 501; Pub. L. 99–662, title IX, §939(b), Nov. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 4199.)
Editorial Notes
Codification
Section is from act Mar. 3, 1899, popularly known as the "Rivers and Harbors Appropriation Act of 1899".
Prior Provisions
Section superseded act June 14, 1880, ch. 211, §4, 21 Stat. 197, and act Aug. 2, 1882, ch. 375, 22 Stat. 208, which required the Secretary of War to give notice to the persons interested in wrecks obstructing navigation of the purpose of the Secretary to remove the same unless such parties should do so, and authorized the Secretary to remove the same on the failure of the parties interested to do so, and to sell the same to the highest bidder, and also authorized the Secretary to dispose of any sunken vessel or cargo before removal.
Section also superseded act Sept. 19, 1890, ch. 907, §8, 26 Stat. 454, which authorized the Secretary of War to remove wrecks remaining for more than two months.
Amendments
1986—Pub. L. 99–662 designated existing provision as subsec. (a) and added subsec. (b).
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Change of Name
Department of War designated Department of the Army and title of Secretary of War changed to Secretary of the Army by section 205(a) of act July 26, 1947, ch. 343, title II, 61 Stat. 501. Section 205(a) of act July 26, 1947, was repealed by section 53 of act Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 641. Section 1 of act Aug. 10, 1956, enacted "Title 10, Armed Forces" which in sections 3010 to 3013 continued Department of the Army under administrative supervision of Secretary of the Army.
Transfer of Functions
Functions, powers and duties of Secretary of the Army and other offices and officers of Department of the Army under section 401 of this title to extent that they relate generally to location and clearances of bridges and causeways in navigable waters of United States transferred to and vested in Secretary of Transportation by Pub. L. 89–670, §6(g)(6)(A), Oct. 15, 1966, 80 Stat. 941, which created Department of Transportation. Pub. L. 97–449 amended section 401 of this title to reflect transfer made by section 6(g)(6)(A) of Pub. L. 89–670, and repealed section 6(g)(6)(A).
Executive Documents
Transfer of Functions Pertaining to Air Force
For transfer of certain functions insofar as they pertain to Air Force, and to extent that they were not previously transferred to Secretary of the Air Force and Department of the Air Force from Secretary of the Army and Department of the Army, see Secretary of Defense Transfer Order No. 40 [App. A(57)], July 22, 1949.
§415. Summary removal of water craft obstructing navigation; liability of owner, lessee, or operator
(a) Removal authority
Under emergency, in the case of any vessel, boat, water craft, or raft, or other similar obstruction, sinking of grounding, or being unnecessarily delayed in any Government canal or lock, or in any navigable waters mentioned in section 414 of this title, in such manner as to stop, seriously interfere with, or specially endanger navigation, in the opinion of the Secretary of the Army, or any agent of the United States to whom the Secretary may delegate proper authority, the Secretary of the Army or any such agent shall have the right to take immediate possession of such boat, vessel, or other water craft, or raft, so far as to remove or to destroy it and to clear immediately the canal, lock, or navigable waters aforesaid of the obstruction thereby caused, using his best judgment to prevent any unnecessary injury; and no one shall interfere with or prevent such removal or destruction: Provided, That the officer or agent charged with the removal or destruction of an obstruction under this section may in his discretion give notice in writing to the owners of any such obstruction requiring them to remove it: And provided further, That the actual expense, including administrative expenses, of removing any such obstruction as aforesaid shall be a charge against such craft and cargo; and if the owners thereof fail or refuse to reimburse the United States for such expense within thirty days after notification, then the officer or agent aforesaid may sell the craft or cargo, or any part thereof that may not have been destroyed in removal, and the proceeds of such sale shall be covered into the Treasury of the United States.
(b) Removal requirement
Not later than 24 hours after the Secretary of the Department in which the Coast Guard is operating issues an order to stop or delay navigation in any navigable waters of the United States because of conditions related to the sinking or grounding of a vessel, the owner or operator of the vessel, with the approval of the Secretary of the Army, shall begin removal of the vessel using the most expeditious removal method available or, if appropriate, secure the vessel pending removal to allow navigation to resume. If the owner or operator fails to begin removal or to secure the vessel pending removal or fails to complete removal on an expedited basis, the Secretary of the Army shall remove or destroy the vessel using the summary removal procedures under subsection (a).
(c) Liability of owner, lessee, or operator
The owner, lessee, or operator of such vessel, boat, watercraft, raft, or other obstruction as described in this section shall be liable to the United States for the actual cost, including administrative costs, of removal or destruction and disposal as described which exceeds the costs recovered under subsection (a). Any amount recovered from the owner, lessee, or operator of such vessel pursuant to this subsection to recover costs in excess of the proceeds from the sale or disposition of such vessel shall be deposited in the general fund of the Treasury of the United States.
(Mar. 3, 1899, ch. 425, §20, 30 Stat. 1154; July 26, 1947, ch. 343, title II, §205(a), 61 Stat. 501; Pub. L. 99–662, title IX, §939(b), Nov. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 4199; Pub. L. 104–303, title II, §218(b), Oct. 12, 1996, 110 Stat. 3696.)
Editorial Notes
Codification
Section is from part of section 20 of act Mar. 3, 1899, popularly known as the "Rivers and Harbors Appropriation Act of 1899". Another part of that section, appropriating money necessary to execute its provisions, is classified to section 416 of this title.
Section 20 of act Mar. 3, 1899, also contained a repealing clause with a proviso saving pending actions and rights of actions. It was amended by act Feb. 20, 1900, ch. 23, §3, 31 Stat. 32, and again amended by act June 13, 1902, ch. 1079, §12, 32 Stat. 375, by adding another proviso which is classified to section 418 of this title.
Amendments
1996—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 104–303, §218(b)(1), substituted "actual expense, including administrative expenses, of removing" for "expense of removing".
Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 104–303, §218(b)(4), added subsec. (b). Former subsec. (b) redesignated (c).
Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 104–303, §218(b)(2), (3), redesignated subsec. (b) as (c) and substituted "actual cost, including administrative costs, of removal" for "cost of removal".
1986—Pub. L. 99–662 designated existing provision as subsec. (a) and added subsec. (b).
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Change of Name
Department of War designated Department of the Army and title of Secretary of War changed to Secretary of the Army by section 205(a) of act July 26, 1947, ch. 343, title II, 61 Stat. 501. Section 205(a) of act July 26, 1947, was repealed by section 53 of act Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 641. Section 1 of act Aug. 10, 1956, enacted "Title 10, Armed Forces" which in sections 3010 to 3013 continued Department of the Army under administrative supervision of Secretary of the Army.
Transfer of Functions
For transfer of authorities, functions, personnel, and assets of the Coast Guard, including the authorities and functions of the Secretary of Transportation relating thereto, to the Department of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see sections 468(b), 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6.
Functions, powers, and duties of Secretary of the Army and other offices and officers of Department of the Army under section 401 of this title to extent that they relate generally to location and clearances of bridges and causeways in navigable waters of United States transferred to and vested in Secretary of Transportation by Pub. L. 89–670, §6(g)(6)(A), Oct. 15, 1966, 80 Stat. 941, which created Department of Transportation. Pub. L. 97–449 amended section 401 of this title to reflect transfer made by section 6(g)(6)(A) of Pub. L. 89–670, and repealed section 6(g)(6)(A).
Executive Documents
Transfer of Functions Pertaining to Air Force
For transfer of certain functions insofar as they pertain to Air Force, and to extent that they were not previously transferred to Secretary of the Air Force and Department of the Air Force from Secretary of the Army and Department of the Army, see Secretary of Defense Transfer Order No. 40 [App. A(57)], July 22, 1949.
§416. Appropriations for removal of sunken water craft
Such sum of money as may be necessary to execute sections 414 and 415 of this title is hereby appropriated out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, to be paid out on the requisition of the Secretary of the Army.
(Mar. 3, 1899, ch. 425, §20(a), formerly §20, 30 Stat. 1155; July 26, 1947, ch. 343, title II, §205(a), 61 Stat. 501; renumbered §20(a), Pub. L. 99–662, title IX, §939(b), Nov. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 4199.)
Editorial Notes
Codification
Section is from part of section 20(a) of act Mar. 3, 1899, popularly known as the "Rivers and Harbors Appropriation Act of 1899". See Codification and Amendment notes set out under section 415 of this title.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Change of Name
Department of War designated Department of the Army and title of Secretary of War changed to Secretary of the Army by section 205(a) of act July 26, 1947, ch. 343, title II, 61 Stat. 501. Section 205(a) of act July 26, 1947, was repealed by section 53 of act Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 641. Section 1 of act Aug. 10, 1956, enacted "Title 10, Armed Forces" which in sections 3010 to 3013 continued Department of the Army under administrative supervision of Secretary of the Army.
Appropriations
Act June 26, 1934, ch. 756, §2, 48 Stat. 1225, which was classified to section 725a of former Title 31, Money and Finance, repealed the permanent appropriation under the title "Removing sunken vessels or craft obstructing or endangering navigation (8x888)" effective July 1, 1935, and provided that such portions of any acts as make permanent appropriations to be expended under such account are amended so as to authorize, in lieu thereof, annual appropriations from the general fund of the Treasury in identical terms and in such amounts as now provided by the laws providing such permanent appropriations.
§417. Expenses of investigations by Department of the Army
Expenses incurred by the Engineer Department of the Department of the Army in all investigations, inspections, hearings, reports, service of notice, or other action incidental to examination of plans or sites of bridges or other structures built or proposed to be built in or over navigable waters, or to examinations into alleged violations of laws for the protection and preservation of navigable waters, or to the establishment or marking of harbor lines, shall be payable from any funds which may be available for the improvement, maintenance, operation, or care of the waterways or harbors affected, or if such funds are not available in sums judged by the Chief of Engineers to be adequate, then from any funds available for examinations, surveys, and contingencies of rivers and harbors.
(Mar. 3, 1905, ch. 1482, §6, 33 Stat. 1148; July 26, 1947, ch. 343, title II, §205(a), 61 Stat. 501.)
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Change of Name
Department of War designated Department of the Army and title of Secretary of War changed to Secretary of the Army by section 205(a) of act July 26, 1947, ch. 343, title II, 61 Stat. 501. Section 205(a) of act July 26, 1947, was repealed by section 53 of act Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 641. Section 1 of act Aug. 10, 1956, enacted "Title 10, Armed Forces" which in sections 3010 to 3013 continued Department of the Army under administrative supervision of Secretary of the Army.
Transfer of Functions
Functions, powers, and duties of Secretary of the Army and other offices and officers of Department of the Army under section 401 of this title to extent that they relate generally to location and clearances of bridges and causeways in navigable waters of United States transferred to and vested in Secretary of Transportation by Pub. L. 89–670, §6(g)(6)(A), Oct. 15, 1966, 80 Stat. 941, which created Department of Transportation. Pub. L. 97–449 amended section 401 of this title to reflect transfer made by section 6(g)(6)(A) of Pub. L. 89–670, and repealed section 6(g)(6)(A).
§418. Provisions for protection of New York Harbor unaffected
Nothing contained in sections 401, 403, 404, 406, 407, 408, 409, 411 to 416, and 502 of this title shall be construed as repealing, modifying, or in any manner affecting the provisions of subchapter III of this chapter.
(Mar. 3, 1899, ch. 425, §20(a), formerly §20, 30 Stat. 1154; Feb. 20, 1900, ch. 23, §3, 31 Stat. 32; June 13, 1902, ch. 1079, §12, 32 Stat. 375; renumbered §20(a), Pub. L. 99–662, title IX, §939(b), Nov. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 4199.)
Editorial Notes
References in Text
Subchapter III (§441 et seq.) of this chapter, referred to in text, was in the original a reference to the Act of June 29, 1888, as amended by section 3 of the river and harbor Act of August 18, 1894.
Codification
Section is from part of section 20(a) of act Mar. 3, 1899, popularly known as the "Rivers and Harbors Appropriation Act of 1899". See Codification and Amendment notes set out under section 415 of this title.
§419. Regulation by Secretary governing transportation and dumping of dredgings, refuse, etc., into navigable waters; oyster lands; appropriations
The Secretary of the Army is authorized and empowered to prescribe regulations to govern the transportation and dumping into any navigable water, or waters adjacent thereto, of dredgings, earth, garbage, and other refuse materials of every kind or description, whenever in his judgment such regulations are required in the interest of navigation. Such regulations shall be posted in conspicuous and appropriate places for the information of the public; and every person or corporation which shall violate the said regulations, or any of them, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and shall be subject to the penalties prescribed in sections 411 and 412 of this title, for violation of the provisions of section 407 of this title: Provided, That any regulations made in pursuance hereof may be enforced as provided in section 413 of this title, the provisions whereof are made applicable to the said regulations: Provided further, That this section shall not apply to any waters within the jurisdictional boundaries of any State which are now or may hereafter be used for the cultivation of oysters under the laws of such State, except navigable channels which have been or may hereafter be improved by the United States, or to be designated as navigable channels by competent authority, and in making such improvements of channels, the material dredged shall not be deposited upon any ground in use in accordance with the laws of such State for the cultivation of oysters, except in compliance with said laws: And provided further, That any expense necessary in executing this section may be paid from funds available for the improvement of the harbor or waterway, for which regulations may be prescribed, and in case no such funds are available the said expense may be paid from appropriations made by Congress for examinations, surveys, and contingencies of rivers and harbors.
(Mar. 3, 1905, ch. 1482, §4, 33 Stat. 1147; July 26, 1947, ch. 343, title II, §205(a), 61 Stat. 501.)
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Change of Name
Department of War designated Department of the Army and title of Secretary of War changed to Secretary of the Army by section 205(a) of act July 26, 1947, ch. 343, title II, 61 Stat. 501. Section 205(a) of act July 26, 1947, was repealed by section 53 of act Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 641. Section 1 of act Aug. 10, 1956, enacted "Title 10, Armed Forces" which in sections 3010 to 3013 continued Department of the Army under administrative supervision of Secretary of the Army.
Transfer of Functions
Functions, powers, and duties of Secretary of the Army and other offices and officers of Department of the Army under section 401 of this title to extent that they relate generally to location and clearances of bridges and causeways in navigable waters of United States transferred to and vested in Secretary of Transportation by Pub. L. 89–670, §6(g)(6)(A), Oct. 15, 1966, 80 Stat. 941, which created Department of Transportation. Pub. L. 97–449 amended section 401 of this title to reflect transfer made by section 6(g)(6)(A) of Pub. L. 89–670, and repealed section 6(g)(6)(A).
§419a. Management practices to extend capacity and useful life of dredged material disposal areas
The Secretary of the Army, acting through the Chief of Engineers, shall utilize and encourage the utilization of such management practices as he determines appropriate to extend the capacity and useful life of dredged material disposal areas such that the need for new dredged material disposal areas is kept to a minimum. Management practices authorized by this section shall include, but not be limited to, the construction of dikes, consolidation and dewatering of dredged material, and construction of drainage and outflow facilities.
(Pub. L. 94–587, §148, Oct. 22, 1976, 90 Stat. 2931.)
§420. Piers and cribs on Mississippi and St. Croix Rivers
The owners of sawmills on the Mississippi River and the Saint Croix River in the States of Wisconsin and Minnesota are authorized and empowered under the direction of the Secretary of the Army, to construct piers or cribs in front of their mill property on the banks of the river, for the protection of their mills and rafts against damage by floods and ice: Provided, however, That the piers or cribs so constructed shall not interfere with or obstruct the navigation of the river. And in case any pier or crib constructed under authority of this section shall at any time, and for any cause, be found to obstruct the navigation of the river, the Government expressly reserves the right to remove or direct the removal of it, at the cost and expense of the owners thereof.
(R.S. §5254; May 1, 1882, ch. 112, 22 Stat. 52; July 26, 1947, ch. 343, title II, §205(a), 61 Stat. 501.)
Editorial Notes
Codification
R.S. §5254 derived from act Mar. 3, 1873, ch. 278, 17 Stat. 606.
Amendments
1882—Act May 1, 1882, inserted reference to Saint Croix River in the States of Wisconsin and Minnesota.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Change of Name
Department of War designated Department of the Army and title of Secretary of War changed to Secretary of the Army by section 205(a) of act July 26, 1947, ch. 343, title II, 61 Stat. 501. Section 205(a) of act July 26, 1947, was repealed by section 53 of act Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 641. Section 1 of act Aug. 10, 1956, enacted "Title 10, Armed Forces" which in sections 3010 to 3013 continued Department of the Army under administrative supervision of Secretary of the Army.
Transfer of Functions
Functions, powers, and duties of Secretary of the Army and other offices and officers of Department of the Army under section 401 of this title to extent that they relate generally to location and clearances of bridges and causeways in navigable waters of United States transferred to and vested in Secretary of Transportation by Pub. L. 89–670, §6(g)(6)(A), Oct. 15, 1966, 80 Stat. 941, which created Department of Transportation. Pub. L. 97–449 amended section 401 of this title to reflect transfer made by section 6(g)(6)(A) of Pub. L. 89–670, and repealed section 6(g)(6)(A).
§421. Deposit of refuse, etc., in Lake Michigan near Chicago
It shall not be lawful to throw, discharge, dump, or deposit, or cause, suffer, or procure, to be thrown, discharged, dumped, or deposited, any refuse matter of any kind or description whatever other than that flowing from streets and sewers and passing therefrom in a liquid state into Lake Michigan, at any point opposite or in front of the county of Cook, in the State of Illinois, or the county of Lake in the State of Indiana, within eight miles from the shore of said lake, unless said material shall be placed inside of a breakwater so arranged as not to permit the escape of such refuse material into the body of the lake and cause contamination thereof; and no officer of the Government shall dump or cause or authorize to be dumped any material contrary to the provisions of this section: Provided, however, That the provisions of this section shall not apply to work in connection with the construction, repair, and protection of breakwaters and other structures built in aid of navigation, or for the purpose of obtaining water supply. Any person violating any provision of this section shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and on conviction thereof shall be fined for each offense not exceeding $1,000.
(June 23, 1910, ch. 359, 36 Stat. 593.)
Editorial Notes
Codification
Section is from act June 23, 1910, popularly known as the "Rivers and Harbors Act of 1910".
§422. Modification and extension of harbor lines at Chicago
The Secretary of the Army is authorized, in his discretion, to modify and extend harbor lines in front of the city of Chicago in such manner as to permit park extension work which may be desired by the municipal authorities, including the changing and widening of the southern entrance to the Chicago Harbor.
(Aug. 26, 1912, ch. 408, §5, 37 Stat. 626; July 26, 1947, ch. 343, title II, §205(a), 61 Stat. 501.)
Editorial Notes
Codification
Section is from act Aug. 26, 1912, popularly known as the "Deficiency Appropriation Act for 1912".
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Change of Name
Department of War designated Department of the Army and title of Secretary of War changed to Secretary of the Army by section 205(a) of act July 26, 1947, ch. 343, title II, 61 Stat. 501. Section 205(a) of act July 26, 1947, was repealed by section 53 of act Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 641. Section 1 of act Aug. 10, 1956, enacted "Title 10, Armed Forces" which in sections 3010 to 3013 continued Department of the Army under administrative supervision of Secretary of the Army.
Transfer of Functions
Functions, powers, and duties of Secretary of the Army and other offices and officers of Department of the Army under section 401 of this title to extent that they relate generally to location and clearances of bridges and causeways in navigable waters of United States transferred to and vested in Secretary of Transportation by Pub. L. 89–670, §6(g)(6)(A), Oct. 15, 1966, 80 Stat. 941, which created Department of Transportation. Pub. L. 97–449 amended section 401 of this title to reflect transfer made by section 6(g)(6)(A) of Pub. L. 89–670, and repealed section 6(g)(6)(A).
§423. Establishment of pierhead and bulkhead lines in Wilmington Harbor, California
The Secretary of the Army is authorized to fix and establish pierhead and bulkhead lines, either or both, in the inner harbor of San Pedro, otherwise known as Wilmington Harbor, California, beyond which no piers, wharves, bulkheads, or other works shall be extended or deposits made except under such regulations as shall be prescribed from time to time by the Secretary of the Army.
(Mar. 26, 1908, No. 14, 35 Stat. 569; July 26, 1947, ch. 343, title II, §205(a), 61 Stat. 501.)
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Change of Name
Department of War designated Department of the Army and title of Secretary of War changed to Secretary of the Army by section 205(a) of act July 26, 1947, ch. 343, title II, 61 Stat. 501. Section 205(a) of act July 26, 1947, was repealed by section 53 of act Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 641. Section 1 of act Aug. 10, 1956, enacted "Title 10, Armed Forces" which in sections 3010 to 3013 continued Department of the Army under administrative supervision of Secretary of the Army.
Transfer of Functions
Functions, powers, and duties of Secretary of the Army and other offices and officers of Department of the Army under section 401 of this title to extent that they relate generally to location and clearances of bridges and causeways in navigable waters of United States transferred to and vested in Secretary of Transportation by Pub. L. 89–670, §6(g)(6)(A), Oct. 15, 1966, 80 Stat. 941, which created Department of Transportation. Pub. L. 97–449 amended section 401 of this title to reflect transfer made by section 6(g)(6)(A) of Pub. L. 89–670, and repealed section 6(g)(6)(A).
§424. Establishment of pierhead or bulkhead lines in Newport Harbor, California
The Secretary of the Army is authorized and directed to fix and establish pierhead and bulkhead lines, either or both, at Newport Harbor, California, in accordance with plan dated United States Engineer Office, Los Angeles, California, March 25, 1913, and entitled "Newport Bay, California", showing harbor lines, beyond which no piers, wharfs, bulkheads, or other works shall be extended or deposit made, except under such regulations as shall be prescribed from time to time by the Secretary of the Army.
(July 27, 1916, ch. 260, §3, 39 Stat. 411; July 26, 1947, ch. 343, title II, §205(a), 61 Stat. 501.)
Editorial Notes
Codification
Section is from act July 27, 1916, popularly known as the "Rivers and Harbors Appropriation Act of 1916".
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Change of Name
Department of War designated Department of the Army and title of Secretary of War changed to Secretary of the Army by section 205(a) of act July 26, 1947, ch. 343, title II, 61 Stat. 501. Section 205(a) of act July 26, 1947, was repealed by section 53 of act Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 641. Section 1 of act Aug. 10, 1956, enacted "Title 10, Armed Forces" which in sections 3010 to 3013 continued Department of the Army under administrative supervision of Secretary of the Army.
Transfer of Functions
Functions, powers, and duties of Secretary of the Army and other offices and officers of Department of the Army under section 401 of this title to extent that they relate generally to location and clearances of bridges and causeways in navigable waters of United States transferred to and vested in Secretary of Transportation by Pub. L. 89–670, §6(g)(6)(A), Oct. 15, 1966, 80 Stat. 941, which created Department of Transportation. Pub. L. 97–449 amended section 401 of this title to reflect transfer made by section 6(g)(6)(A) of Pub. L. 89–670, and repealed section 6(g)(6)(A).
§424a. Modification of harbor lines in Newport Harbor, California
The Secretary of the Army is authorized to modify from time to time, the harbor lines at Newport Harbor, California, established in pursuance of section 424 of this title: Provided, That in his opinion such modification will not injuriously affect the interests of navigation.
(Mar. 3, 1925, ch. 467, §10, 43 Stat. 1197; July 26, 1947, ch. 343, title II, §205(a), 61 Stat. 501.)
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Change of Name
Department of War designated Department of the Army and title of Secretary of War changed to Secretary of the Army by section 205(a) of act July 26, 1947, ch. 343, title II, 61 Stat. 501. Section 205(a) of act July 26, 1947, was repealed by section 53 of act Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 641. Section 1 of act Aug. 10, 1956, enacted "Title 10, Armed Forces" which in sections 3010 to 3013 continued Department of the Army under administrative supervision of Secretary of the Army.
Transfer of Functions
Functions, powers, and duties of Secretary of the Army and other offices and officers of Department of the Army under section 401 of this title to extent that they relate generally to location and clearances of bridges and causeways in navigable waters of United States transferred to and vested in Secretary of Transportation by Pub. L. 89–670, §6(g)(6)(A), Oct. 15, 1966, 80 Stat. 941, which created Department of Transportation. Pub. L. 97–449 amended section 401 of this title to reflect transfer made by section 6(g)(6)(A) of Pub. L. 89–670, and repealed section 6(g)(6)(A).
§425. Omitted
Editorial Notes
Codification
Section, act June 7, 1924, ch. 316, §9, 43 Stat. 606, directed Secretary of War to investigate depositing of polluting substances into navigable streams and report the results to Congress not later than two years from June 7, 1924. Subsequent to editorial omission of this section as obsolete, Pub. L. 89–753, title II, §211(a), Nov. 3, 1966, 80 Stat. 1252–1254, amended act June 7, 1924, generally, after which such Act consisted only of sections 1 to 7, resulting in the statutory omission of section 9.
§426. Investigations concerning erosion of shores of coastal and lake waters
The Chief of Engineers of the United States Army, under the direction of the Secretary of the Army, is authorized and directed to cause investigations and studies to be made in cooperation with the appropriate agencies of the various States on the Atlantic, Pacific, and gulf coasts and on the Great Lakes, and of the States of Alaska and Hawaii, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and the possessions of the United States, with a view to devising effective means of preventing erosion of the shores of coastal and lake waters by waves and currents; and any expenses incident and necessary thereto may be paid from funds appropriated for General Investigations, Civil Functions, Department of the Army: Provided, That the Department of the Army may release to the appropriate cooperating agencies information obtained by these investigations and studies prior to the formal transmission of reports to Congress: Provided further, That no money shall be expended under authority of this section in any State which does not provide for cooperation with the agents of the United States and contribute to the project such funds or services as the Secretary of the Army may deem appropriate and require; that there shall be organized under the Chief of Engineers, United States Army, a Board of seven members, of whom four shall be officers of the Corps of Engineers and three shall be civilian engineers selected by the Chief of Engineers with regard to their special fitness in the field of beach erosion and shore protection. The Board will furnish such technical assistance as may be directed by the Chief of Engineers in the conduct of such studies as may be undertaken and will review the reports of the investigations made. In the consideration of such studies as may be referred to the Board by the Chief of Engineers, the Board shall, when it considers it necessary and with the sanction of the Chief of Engineers, make, as a board or through its members, personal examination of localities under investigation: Provided further, That the civilian members of the Board may be paid at rates not to exceed $100 a day for each day of attendance at Board meetings, not to exceed thirty days per annum, in addition to the traveling and other necessary expenses connected with their duties on the Board in accordance with the provisions of section 5703 of title 5.
(July 3, 1930, ch. 847, §2, 46 Stat. 945; Pub. L. 86–645, title I, §103, July 14, 1960, 74 Stat. 484.)
Editorial Notes
References in Text
The Board, referred to in text, means the Beach Erosion Board, which was abolished by Pub. L. 88–172, §1, Nov. 7, 1963, 77 Stat. 304. See note set out below.
Codification
"Section 5703 of title 5" substituted in text for "section 5 of the Administrative Expenses Act of 1946, as amended (5 U.S.C. 73b–2)", on authority of Pub. L. 89–554, §7(b), Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 631, the first section of which enacted Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.
Amendments
1960—Pub. L. 86–645, among other changes, substituted provisions requiring the three civilian members of the Board to be civilian engineers selected by the Chief of Engineers with regard to their special fitness in the field of beach erosion and shore protection for provisions which required the civilian members to be selected with regard to their special fitness from among the State agencies cooperating with the Department of the Army, and provisions authorizing payment of civilian members at rates not to exceed $100 a day, for not more than 30 days per annum, for provisions which required the States to pay the salaries of the civilian members.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Abolition of Beach Erosion Board
Pub. L. 88–172, §1, Nov. 7, 1963, 77 Stat. 304, provided in part: "That the Board established by section 2 of the River and Harbor Act approved July 3, 1930, as amended (33 U.S.C. 426), referred to as the Beach Erosion Board, is hereby abolished." For the transfer of functions of the Beach Erosion Board to the Coastal Engineering Research Center and the Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors, see sections 426–1 and 426–3 of this title. For termination of Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors 180 days after Oct. 31, 1992, and reassignment of duties and responsibilities by Secretary of Army, see section 223 of Pub. L. 102–580, set out as a note under section 541 of this title.
Great Lakes Levels Study
Pub. L. 99–662, title VII, §706, Nov. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 4158, authorized Secretary of the Army, in cooperation with National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Federal Emergency Management Agency, International Joint Commission, and other appropriate Federal, State, and local agencies and the private sector, to conduct a study of shoreline protection and beach erosion control policy and related projects of the Secretary, in view of the current situation and long-term expected increases in levels of the Great Lakes and directed Secretary, within three years after Nov. 17, 1986, to transmit the study, together with supporting documentation and recommendations to Congress.
Study of Rising Oceans
Pub. L. 99–662, title VII, §731, Nov. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 4165, authorized Secretary of the Army, in cooperation with National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Federal Emergency Management Agency, and other appropriate Federal, State, and local agencies and the private sector, to conduct a study of shoreline protection and beach erosion control policy and related projects of the Secretary, in view of the prospect for long-term increases in levels of the ocean and directed Secretary, within three years after Nov. 17, 1986, to transmit the study, together with supporting documentation and recommendations to Congress.
Application of Existing Law to Surveys Relating to Shore Protection
Pub. L. 87–874, §103(b), Oct. 23, 1962, 76 Stat. 1179, provided that: "All provisions of existing law relating to surveys of rivers and harbors shall apply to surveys relating to shore protection and section 2 of the River and Harbor Act approved July 3, 1930, as amended (33 U.S.C. 426), is modified to the extent inconsistent herewith."
§426–1. Coastal Engineering Research Center; establishment; powers and functions
There shall be established under the Chief of Engineers, United States Army, a Coastal Engineering Research Center which, except as hereinafter provided in section 426–3 of this title, shall be vested with all the functions of the Beach Erosion Board, including the authority to make general investigations as provided in section 426a of this title, and such additional functions as the Chief of Engineers may assign.
(Pub. L. 88–172, §1, Nov. 7, 1963, 77 Stat. 304.)
Editorial Notes
Codification
Section was enacted as part of section 1 of Pub. L. 88–172. The remainder of said section 1, abolishing the Beach Erosion Board, is classified as a note under section 426 of this title.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Abolition of Beach Erosion Board
Section 1 of Pub. L. 88–172 abolished Beach Erosion Board, and is set out as a note under section 426 of this title. For the transfer of certain functions of said Board to Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors, see section 426–3 of this title. For termination of Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors 180 days after Oct. 31, 1992, and reassignment of duties and responsibilities by Secretary of Army, see section 223 of Pub. L. 102–580, set out as a note under section 541 of this title.
§426–2. Board on Coastal Engineering Research
The functions of the Coastal Engineering Research Center established by section 426–1 of this title, shall be conducted with the guidance and advice of a Board on Coastal Engineering Research, constituted by the Chief of Engineers in the same manner as the present Beach Erosion Board.
(Pub. L. 88–172, §2, Nov. 7, 1963, 77 Stat. 305.)
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Compensation of Board
Pub. L. 91–611, title I, §105, Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1819, provided that: "The civilian members of the Board on Coastal Engineering Research authorized by the Act of November 7, 1963 (33 U.S.C. 426–2) may be paid at rates not to exceed the daily equivalent of the rate for GS–18 for each day of attendance at Board meetings, not to exceed thirty days per year, in addition to the traveling and other necessary expenses connected with their duties on the Board in accordance with the provisions of 5 U.S.C. 5703(b), (d), and 5707."
[References in laws to the rates of pay for GS–16, 17, or 18, or to maximum rates of pay under the General Schedule, to be considered references to rates payable under specified sections of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, see section 529 [title I, §101(c)(1)] of Pub. L. 101–509, set out in a note under section 5376 of Title 5.]
Abolition of Beach Erosion Board
Section 1 of Pub. L. 88–172 abolished Beach Erosion Board, and is set out as a note under section 426 of this title. For transfer of functions of Board to Coastal Engineering Research Center and Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors, see sections 426–1 and 426–3 of this title. For termination of Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors 180 days after Oct. 31, 1992, and reassignment of duties and responsibilities by Secretary of Army, see section 223 of Pub. L. 102–580, set out as a note under section 541 of this title.
§426–3. Transfer of functions of Beach Erosion Board
All functions of the Beach Erosion Board pertaining to review of reports of investigations made concerning erosion of the shores of coastal and lake waters, and the protection of such shores, are hereby transferred to the Board established by section 541 of this title, referred to as the Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors.
(Pub. L. 88–172, §3, Nov. 7, 1963, 77 Stat. 305.)
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Termination of Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors and Reassignment of Duties and Responsibilities
For termination of Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors 180 days after Oct. 31, 1992, and reassignment of duties and responsibilities by Secretary of Army, see section 223 of Pub. L. 102–580, set out as a note under section 541 of this title.
Abolition of Beach Erosion Board
Section 1 of Pub. L. 88–172 abolished Beach Erosion Board, and is set out as a note under section 426 of this title. For transfer of certain functions of Board to Coastal Engineering Research Center, see section 426–1 of this title.
§426a. Additional investigations concerning erosion of shores of coastal and lake waters; payment of costs; "shores" defined
In addition to participating in cooperative investigations and studies with agencies of the various States as authorized in section 426 of this title, it shall be the duty of the Chief of Engineers, through the Coastal Engineering Research Center, to make general investigations with a view to preventing erosion of the shores of the United States by waves and currents and determining the most suitable methods for the protection, restoration, and development of beaches; and to publish from time to time such useful data and information concerning the erosion and protection of beaches and shore lines as the Center may deem to be of value to the people of the United States. The cost of the general investigations authorized by sections 426a to 426d of this title shall be borne wholly by the United States. As used in said sections, the word "shores" includes the shore lines of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, the Gulf of Mexico, the Great Lakes, Lake Champlain, and estuaries and bays directly connected therewith.
(July 31, 1945, ch. 334, §1, 59 Stat. 508; Pub. L. 88–172, §1, Nov. 7, 1963, 77 Stat. 304.)
Editorial Notes
Codification
Coastal Engineering Research Center has been substituted for Beach Erosion Board pursuant to Pub. L. 88–172, §1, providing in part for the abolition of the Beach Erosion Board, which is set out as a note under section 426 of this title. For transfer of investigatory functions of the Beach Erosion Board to the Coastal Engineering Research Center, see section 426–1 of this title.
§426b. Applicability of existing laws; projects referred to Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors
All provisions of existing law relating to examinations and surveys and to works of improvement of rivers and harbors shall apply, insofar as practicable, to examinations and surveys and to works of improvement relating to shore protection; except that all projects having to do with shore protection shall be referred for consideration and recommendation to the Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors.
(July 31, 1945, ch. 334, §2, 59 Stat. 508; Pub. L. 88–172, §1, Nov. 7, 1963, 77 Stat. 304.)
Editorial Notes
Codification
Provision for the referral of projects having to do with shore protection for consideration and recommendation to the Beach Erosion Board have been omitted as obsolete in view of the abolition of the Beach Erosion Board and the transfer of its review function to the Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors by Pub. L. 88–172, §1. See section 426–3 of this title.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Termination of Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors and Reassignment of Duties and Responsibilities
For termination of Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors 180 days after Oct. 31, 1992, and reassignment of duties and responsibilities by Secretary of Army, see section 223 of Pub. L. 102–580, set out as a note under section 541 of this title.
§426c. Report by Coastal Engineering Research Center
The Coastal Engineering Research Center, in making its report on any cooperative investigation and studies under the provisions of section 426 of this title, relating to shore protection work shall, in addition to any other matters upon which it may be required to report, state its opinion as to (a) the advisability of adopting the project; (b) what public interest, if any, is involved in the proposed improvement; and (c) what share of the expense, if any, should be borne by the United States.
(July 31, 1945, ch. 334, §3, 59 Stat. 508; Pub. L. 88–172, §1, Nov. 7, 1963, 77 Stat. 304.)
Editorial Notes
Codification
Coastal Engineering Research Center has been substituted for Beach Erosion Board pursuant to Pub. L. 88–172, §1, providing in part for the abolition of the Beach Erosion Board, which is set out as a note under section 426 of this title. For transfer of investigatory functions of the Beach Erosion Board to the Coastal Engineering Research Center see section 426–1 of this title.
§426d. Payment of expenses
Any expenses incident and necessary in the undertaking of the general investigations authorized by sections 426a to 426d of this title may be paid from funds appropriated prior to or after July 31, 1945, for examinations, surveys, and contingencies for rivers and harbors.
(July 31, 1945, ch. 334, §4, 59 Stat. 508.)
§426e. Federal aid in protection of shores
(a) Declaration of policy
With the purpose of preventing damage to the shores and beaches of the United States, its Territories and possessions and promoting and encouraging the healthful recreation of the people, it is declared to be the policy of the United States, subject to sections 426e to 426h–1 of this title, to promote shore protection projects and related research that encourage the protection, restoration, and enhancement of sandy beaches, including beach restoration and periodic beach nourishment, on a comprehensive and coordinated basis by the Federal Government, States, localities, and private enterprises. In carrying out this policy, preference shall be given to areas in which there has been a Federal investment of funds and areas with respect to which the need for prevention or mitigation of damage to shores and beaches is attributable to Federal navigation projects or other Federal activities.
(b) Federal contribution; maximum amount; exceptions
The Federal contribution in the case of any project referred to in subsection (a) shall not exceed one-half of the cost of the project, and the remainder shall be paid by the State, municipality, or other political subdivision in which the project is located, except that (1) the costs allocated to the restoration and protection of Federal property shall be borne fully by the Federal Government, (2) Federal participation in the cost of a project for restoration and protection of State, county, and other publicly owned shore parks and conservation areas may be, in the discretion of the Chief of Engineers, not more than 70 per centum of the total cost exclusive of land costs, when such areas: Include a zone which excludes permanent human habitation; include but are not limited to recreational beaches; satisfy adequate criteria for conservation and development of the natural resources of the environment; extend landward a sufficient distance to include, where appropriate, protective dunes, bluffs, or other natural features which serve to protect the uplands from damage; and provide essentially full park facilities for appropriate public use, all of which shall meet with the approval of the Chief of Engineers, and (3) Federal participation in the cost of a project providing hurricane protection may be, in the discretion of the Secretary 1 not more than 70 per centum of the total cost exclusive of land costs.
(c) Periodic beach nourishment; "construction" defined
When in the opinion of the Chief of Engineers the most suitable and economical remedial measures would be provided by periodic beach nourishment, the term "construction" may be construed for the purposes of sections 426e to 426h–1 of this title to include the deposit of sand fill at suitable intervals of time to furnish sand supply to project shores for a length of time specified by the Chief of Engineers.
(d) Shores other than public
Shores other than public will be eligible for Federal assistance if there is benefit such as that arising from public use or from the protection of nearby public property or if the benefits to those shores are incidental to the project, and the Federal contribution to the project shall be adjusted in accordance with the degree of such benefits.
(e) Authorization of projects
(1) In general
No Federal contributions shall be made with respect to a project under sections 426e to 426h–1 of this title unless the plan therefor shall have been specifically adopted and authorized by Congress after investigation and study by the Coastal Engineering Research Center under the provisions of section 426 of this title as amended and supplemented, or, in the case of a small project under section 426g or 426h 2 of this title, unless the plan therefor has been approved by the Chief of Engineers.
(2) Studies
(A) In general
The Secretary shall—
(i) recommend to Congress studies concerning shore protection projects that meet the criteria established under sections 426e to 426h–1 of this title (including subparagraph (B)(iii)) and other applicable law;
(ii) conduct such studies as Congress requires under applicable laws; and
(iii) report the results of the studies to the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives.
(B) Recommendations for shore protection projects
(i) In general
The Secretary shall recommend to Congress the authorization or reauthorization of shore protection projects based on the studies conducted under subparagraph (A).
(ii) Considerations
In making recommendations, the Secretary shall consider the economic and ecological benefits of the shore protection project.
(C) Coordination of projects
In conducting studies and making recommendations for a shore protection project under this paragraph, the Secretary shall—
(i) determine whether there is any other project being carried out by the Secretary or the head of another Federal agency that may be complementary to the shore protection project; and
(ii) if there is such a complementary project, describe the efforts that will be made to coordinate the projects.
(3) Shore protection projects
(A) In general
The Secretary shall construct, or cause to be constructed, any shore protection project authorized by Congress, or separable element of such a project, for which funds have been appropriated by Congress.
(B) Agreements
(i) Requirement
After authorization by Congress, and before commencement of construction, of a shore protection project or separable element, the Secretary shall enter into a written agreement with a non-Federal interest with respect to the project or separable element.
(ii) Terms
The agreement shall—
(I) specify the life of the project; and
(II) ensure that the Federal Government and the non-Federal interest will cooperate in carrying out the project or separable element.
(C) Coordination of projects
In constructing a shore protection project or separable element under this paragraph, the Secretary shall, to the extent practicable, coordinate the project or element with any complementary project identified under paragraph (2)(C).
(Aug. 13, 1946, ch. 960, §1, 60 Stat. 1056; July 28, 1956, ch. 768, 70 Stat. 702; Pub. L. 87–874, title I, §103(a)(1)–(3), Oct. 23, 1962, 76 Stat. 1178; Pub. L. 88–172, §1, Nov. 7, 1963, 77 Stat. 304; Pub. L. 91–611, title II, §208, Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1829; Pub. L. 104–303, title II, §227(a), (b), (e)(2)(A), (B), Oct. 12, 1996, 110 Stat. 3698, 3703.)
Editorial Notes
References in Text
Section 426h of this title, referred to in subsec. (e)(1), was repealed by Pub. L. 110–114, title II, §2038(b), Nov. 8, 2007, 121 Stat. 1100.
Codification
Coastal Engineering Research Center, referred to in subsec. (e), has been substituted for Beach Erosion Board pursuant to Pub. L. 88–172, §1, providing in part for the abolition of the Beach Erosion Board and for transfer of functions of the Beach Erosion Board to the Coastal Engineering Research Center. See section 426–1 of this title.
Amendments
1996—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 104–303, §227(a), inserted "and beaches" after "damage to the shores" and substituted "sections 426e to 426h–1 of this title, to promote shore protection projects and related research that encourage the protection, restoration, and enhancement of sandy beaches, including beach restoration and periodic beach nourishment, on a comprehensive and coordinated basis by the Federal Government, States, localities, and private enterprises. In carrying out this policy, preference shall be given to areas in which there has been a Federal investment of funds and areas with respect to which the need for prevention or mitigation of damage to shores and beaches is attributable to Federal navigation projects or other Federal activities." for "the following provisions of sections 426e to 426h of this title to assist in the construction, but not the maintenance, of works for the restoration and protection against erosion, by waves and currents, of the shores of the United States, its Territories and possessions."
Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 104–303, §227(e)(2), substituted "Secretary" for "Secretary of the Army, acting through the Chief of Engineers," and struck out second period at end.
Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 104–303, §227(b), (e)(2)(B), inserted subsec. heading, designated existing provisions as par. (1) and inserted heading, realigned margin, inserted "or 426h" after "under section 426g", and added pars. (2) and (3).
1970—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 91–611 provided for designation of existing provisions as cls. (1) and (2) by insertion of "(1)" after "except that" and substitution of "(2)" for "and, further, that" and added cl. (3).
1962—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 87–874, §103(a)(1), (2), increased maximum limit on amount of Federal contributions from one-third to one-half of project cost, provided that costs for restoration and protection of Federal property shall be borne fully by the Federal Government, and that costs for restoration and protection of State, county and other publicly owned shore parks and conservation areas may be borne by Federal Government up to not more than 70 per centum, exclusive of land costs, when such areas include a zone which excludes permanent human habitation, include recreational beaches, satisfy criteria for conservation and development of natural resources, extend landward enough to include natural features to protect uplands, and provide essentially full park facilities for public use, all of which meet with approval of Chief of Engineers.
Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 87–874, §103(a)(3), required approval of plans by Chief of Engineers in case of a small project under section 426g of this title.
1956—Act July 28, 1956, extended assistance to privately owned shores, to include shores of Territories and possessions, substituted "restoration" for "improvement", defined "construction", and struck out provisions which authorized Federal aid toward the repair and protection of seawalls constructed by political subdivisions to protect important public highways.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Beach Recreation
Pub. L. 106–541, title II, §220, Dec. 11, 2000, 114 Stat. 2596, provided that: "Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 11, 2000], the Secretary shall develop and implement procedures to ensure that all of the benefits of a beach restoration project, including those benefits attributable to recreation, hurricane and storm damage reduction, and environmental protection and restoration, are displayed in reports for such projects."
Shore Management Program
Pub. L. 106–53, title II, §213, Aug. 17, 1999, 113 Stat. 291, required the Secretary to review the implementation of the Corps of Engineers shore management program, with particular attention to inconsistencies in implementation among the divisions and districts of the Corps of Engineers and complaints by or potential inequities regarding property owners in the Savannah District during the 5-year period preceding Aug. 17, 1999, and directed the Secretary to submit to Congress a report of the review by Aug. 17, 1999.
Report on Shores of the United States
Pub. L. 106–53, title II, §215(c), Aug. 17, 1999, 113 Stat. 293, required the Secretary to report to Congress, not later than 3 years after Aug. 17, 1999, on the state of the shores of the United States and specified the contents of such report and the use of specific location data.
Report to Congress on Shoreline Protection Programs
Pub. L. 101–640, title III, §309, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4638, provided that not later than 1 year after Nov. 28, 1990, the Secretary was to transmit to Congress a report on the advisability of not participating in the planning, implementation, or maintenance of any beach stabilization or renourishment project involving Federal funds unless the State in which the proposed project would be located had established or committed to establish a beach front management program, which included specified restrictions and other regulatory provisions.
1 So in original. Probably should be followed by a comma.
2 See References in Text note below.
§426e–1. Shore protection projects
(a) In general
In accordance with the Act of July 3, 1930 (33 U.S.C. 426) of this title, and notwithstanding administrative actions, it is the policy of the United States to promote beach nourishment for the purposes of flood damage reduction and hurricane and storm damage reduction and related research that encourage the protection, restoration, and enhancement of sandy beaches, including beach restoration and periodic beach renourishment for a period of 50 years, on a comprehensive and coordinated basis by the Federal Government, States, localities, and private enterprises.
(b) Preference
In carrying out the policy under subsection (a), preference shall be given to—
(1) areas in which there has been a Federal investment of funds for the purposes described in subsection (a); and
(2) areas with respect to which the need for prevention or mitigation of damage to shores and beaches is attributable to Federal navigation projects or other Federal activities.
(c) Applicability
The Secretary shall apply the policy under subsection (a) to each shore protection and beach renourishment project (including shore protection and beach renourishment projects constructed before November 8, 2007).
(Pub. L. 110–114, title II, §2018, Nov. 8, 2007, 121 Stat. 1077.)
Editorial Notes
References in Text
The Act of July 3, 1930, referred to in subsec. (a), is act July 3, 1930, ch. 847, 46 Stat. 918. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
"Secretary" Defined
Secretary means the Secretary of the Army, see section 2 of Pub. L. 110–114, set out as a note under section 2201 of this title.
§426e–2. Clarification of munition disposal authorities
(a) In general
The Secretary may, at full Federal expense, implement any response action the Secretary determines to be necessary at a site where—
(1) the Secretary has carried out a project under civil works authority of the Secretary that includes placing sand on a beach; and
(2) as a result of the project described in paragraph (1), military munitions that were originally released as a result of Department of Defense activities are deposited on the beach, posing a threat to human health or the environment.
(b) Response action funding
A response action described in subsection (a) shall be reimbursed from amounts made available to the agency within the Department of Defense responsible for the original release of the munitions.
(Pub. L. 113–121, title I, §1027, June 10, 2014, 128 Stat. 1230; Pub. L. 114–322, title I, §1154, Dec. 16, 2016, 130 Stat. 1663.)
Editorial Notes
Amendments
2016—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 114–322, §1154(1), inserted ", at full Federal expense," after "The Secretary may" in introductory provisions.
Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 114–322, §1154(2), substituted "reimbursed" for "funded".
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
"Secretary" Defined
Secretary means the Secretary of the Army, see section 2 of Pub. L. 113–121, set out as a note under section 2201 of this title.
§426e–3. Coastal storm damage reduction contracts
For any project for coastal storm damage reduction, the Secretary may seek input from a non-Federal interest for a project that may be affected by the timing of the coastal storm damage reduction activities under the project, in order to minimize, to the maximum extent practicable, any negative effects resulting from the timing of those activities.
(Pub. L. 116–260, div. AA, title I, §140, Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 2652.)
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
"Secretary" Defined
Secretary means the Secretary of the Army, see section 2 of div. AA of Pub. L. 116–260, set out as a note under section 2201 of this title.
§426f. Reimbursements
(a) In general
The Secretary is authorized to reimburse non-Federal interests for work done by them, after initiation of the survey studies which form the basis for the project or separable element of the project, on authorized projects or separable elements which individually do not exceed $1,000,000 in total cost: Provided, That the work which may have been done on the projects or separable elements is approved by the Chief of Engineers as being in accordance with the authorized projects or separable elements: Provided further, That such reimbursement shall be subject to appropriations applicable thereto or funds available therefor and shall not take precedence over other pending projects or separable elements of higher priority for improvements.
(b) Agreements
(1) Requirement
After authorization of reimbursement by the Secretary under this section, and before commencement of construction, of a shore protection project, the Secretary shall enter into a written agreement with the non-Federal interest with respect to the project or separable element.
(2) Terms
The agreement shall—
(A) specify the life of the project; and
(B) ensure that the Federal Government and the non-Federal interest will cooperate in carrying out the project or separable element.
(Aug. 13, 1946, ch. 960, §2, 60 Stat. 1056; July 26, 1947, ch. 343, title II, §205(a), 61 Stat. 501; July 28, 1956, ch. 768, 70 Stat. 703; Pub. L. 87–874, title I, §103(a)(4), Oct. 23, 1962, 76 Stat. 1178; Pub. L. 104–303, title II, §227(c)(1), Oct. 12, 1996, 110 Stat. 3699.)
Editorial Notes
Amendments
1996—Pub. L. 104–303 inserted section catchline, designated existing provisions as subsec. (a), inserted heading, substituted "Secretary" for "Secretary of the Army" and "non-Federal interests" for "local interests", inserted "or separable element of the project" after "project", inserted "or separable elements" after "projects" wherever appearing, and added subsec. (b).
1962—Pub. L. 87–874 substituted provisions which authorize the Secretary of the Army to reimburse local interests for work done on authorized projects which individually do not exceed $1,000,000 in cost, and provide that such reimbursement shall be subject to applicable appropriations or available funds and not take priority over pending projects of higher priority, for provisions which authorized the Chief of Engineers to cause to be paid to the political subdivision involved the amount authorized by Congress.
1956—Act July 28, 1956, substituted "or other political subdivision involved" for "or political subdivision".
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Change of Name
Department of War designated Department of the Army and title of Secretary of War changed to Secretary of the Army by section 205(a) of act July 26, 1947, ch. 343, title II, 61 Stat. 501. Section 205(a) of act July 26, 1947, was repealed by section 53 of act Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 641. Section 1 of act Aug. 10, 1956, enacted "Title 10, Armed Forces" which in sections 3010 to 3013 continued Department of the Army under administrative supervision of Secretary of the Army.
Transfer of Functions
Functions, powers, and duties of Secretary of the Army and other offices and officers of Department of the Army under section 401 of this title to extent that they relate generally to location and clearances of bridges and causeways in navigable waters of United States transferred to and vested in Secretary of Transportation by Pub. L. 89–670, §6(g)(6)(A), Oct. 15, 1966, 80 Stat. 941, which created Department of Transportation. Pub. L. 97–449 amended section 401 of this title to reflect transfer made by section 6(g)(6)(A) of Pub. L. 89–670, and repealed section 6(g)(6)(A).
§426g. Storm and hurricane restoration and impact minimization program
(a) Construction of small shore and beach restoration and protection projects
(1) In general
The Secretary may carry out a program for the construction of small shore and beach restoration and protection projects not specifically authorized by Congress that otherwise comply with section 426e of this title if the Secretary determines that such construction is advisable.
(2) Local cooperation
The local cooperation requirement of section 426e of this title shall apply to a project under this section.
(3) Completeness
A project under this subsection—
(A) shall be complete; and
(B) shall not commit the United States to any additional improvement to ensure the successful operation of the project; except for participation in periodic beach nourishment in accordance with—
(i) section 426e of this title; and
(ii) the procedure for projects authorized after submission of a survey report.
(b) National shoreline erosion control development and demonstration program
(1) In general
The Secretary shall conduct under the program authorized by subsection (a) a national shoreline erosion control development and demonstration program (referred to in this section as the "demonstration program").
(2) Requirements
(A) In general
The demonstration program shall include provisions for—
(i) projects consisting of planning, design, construction, and monitoring of prototype engineered and native and naturalized vegetative shoreline erosion control devices and methods;
(ii) monitoring of the applicable prototypes;
(iii) detailed engineering and environmental reports on the results of each project carried out under the demonstraton 1 program; and
(iv) technology transfers, as appropriate, to private property owners, State and local entities, nonprofit educational institutions, and nongovernmental organizations.
(B) Determination of feasibility
A project under the demonstration program shall not be carried out until the Secretary determines that the project is feasible.
(C) Emphasis
A project under the demonstration program shall emphasize, to the maximum extent practicable—
(i) the development and demonstration of innovative technologies;
(ii) efficient designs to prevent erosion at a shoreline site, taking into account the lifecycle cost of the design, including cleanup, maintenance, and amortization;
(iii) new and enhanced shore protection project design and project formulation tools the purposes of which are to improve the physical performance, and lower the lifecycle costs, of the projects;
(iv) natural designs, including the use of native and naturalized vegetation or temporary structures that minimize permanent structural alterations to the shoreline;
(v) the avoidance of negative impacts to adjacent shorefront communities;
(vi) in areas with substantial residential or commercial interests located adjacent to the shoreline, designs that do not impair the aesthetic appeal of the interests;
(vii) the potential for long-term protection afforded by the technology; and
(viii) recommendations developed from evaluations of the program established under the Shoreline Erosion Control Demonstration Act of 1974 (42 U.S.C. 1962–5 note),2 including—
(I) adequate consideration of the subgrade;
(II) proper filtration;
(III) durable components;
(IV) adequate connection between units; and
(V) consideration of additional relevant information.
(D) Sites
(i) In general
Each project under the demonstration program may be carried out at—
(I) a privately owned site with substantial public access; or
(II) a publicly owned site on open coast or in tidal waters.
(ii) Selection
The Secretary shall develop criteria for the selection of sites for projects under the demonstration program, including criteria based on—
(I) a variety of geographic and climatic conditions;
(II) the size of the population that is dependent on the beaches for recreation or the protection of private property or public infrastructure;
(III) the rate of erosion;
(IV) significant natural resources or habitats and environmentally sensitive areas; and
(V) significant threatened historic structures or landmarks.
(3) Consultation
The Secretary shall carry out the demonstration program in consultation with—
(A) the Secretary of Agriculture, particularly with respect to native and naturalized vegetative means of preventing and controlling shoreline erosion;
(B) Federal, State, and local agencies;
(C) private organizations;
(D) the Coastal Engineering Research Center established by section 426–1 of this title; and
(E) applicable university research facilities.
(4) Completion of demonstration
After carrying out the initial construction and evaluation of the performance and cost of a project under the demonstration program, the Secretary may—
(A) amend, at the request of a non-Federal interest of the project, the partnership agreement for a federally authorized shore protection project in existence on the date on which initial construction of the project under the demonstration program is complete to incorporate the project constructed under the demonstration program as a feature of the shore protection project, with the future cost sharing of the project constructed under the demonstration program to be determined by the project purposes of the shore protection project; or
(B) transfer all interest in and responsibility for the completed project constructed under the demonstration program to a non-Federal interest or another Federal agency.
(5) Agreements
The Secretary may enter into a partnership agreement with the non-Federal interest or a cooperative agreement with the head of another Federal agency under the demonstration program—
(A) to share the costs of construction, operation, maintenance, and monitoring of a project under the demonstration program;
(B) to share the costs of removing the project, or element of the project if the Secretary determines that the project or element of the project is detrimental to public or private property, public infrastructure, or public safety; or
(C) to specify ownership of the completed project if the Secretary determines that the completed project will not be part of a Corps of Engineers project.
(6) Report
Not later than December 31, 2008, and every 3 years thereafter, the Secretary shall prepare and submit to the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives a report describing—
(A) the activities carried out and accomplishments made under the demonstration program since the previous report under this paragraph; and
(B) any recommendations of the Secretary relating to the program.
(c) Authorization of appropriations
(1) In general
Subject to paragraph (2), the Secretary may expend, from any appropriations made available to the Secretary for the purpose of carrying out civil works, not more than $37,500,000 during any fiscal year to pay the Federal share of the costs of construction of small shore and beach restoration and protection projects or small projects under this section.
(2) Limitation
The total amount expended for a project under this section shall—
(A) be sufficient to pay the cost of Federal participation in the project (including periodic nourishment as provided for under section 426e of this title), as determined by the Secretary; and
(B) be not more than $10,000,000.
(Aug. 13, 1946, ch. 960, §3, 60 Stat. 1056; July 26, 1947, ch. 343, title II, §205(a), 61 Stat. 501; July 28, 1956, ch. 768, 70 Stat. 703; Pub. L. 87–874, title I, §103(a)(4), Oct. 23, 1962, 76 Stat. 1178; Pub. L. 89–298, title III, §310(b), Oct. 27, 1965, 79 Stat. 1095; Pub. L. 91–611, title I, §112(b), Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1821; Pub. L. 99–662, title IX, §915(e), Nov. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 4191; Pub. L. 104–303, title II, §227(e)(2)(C), Oct. 12, 1996, 110 Stat. 3703; Pub. L. 106–53, title II, §226, Aug. 17, 1999, 113 Stat. 298; Pub. L. 110–114, title II, §2038(a), Nov. 8, 2007, 121 Stat. 1097; Pub. L. 114–322, title I, §1167, Dec. 16, 2016, 130 Stat. 1670; Pub. L. 115–270, title I, §1157(a), Oct. 23, 2018, 132 Stat. 3793.)
Editorial Notes
References in Text
The Shoreline Erosion Control Demonstration Act of 1974, referred to in subsec. (b)(2)(C)(viii), is Pub. L. 93–251, title I, §54, Mar. 7, 1974, 88 Stat. 26, formerly set out as a note under section 1962d–5 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.
Amendments
2018—Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 115–270 substituted "$37,500,000" for "$30,000,000".
2016—Subsec. (c)(2)(B). Pub. L. 114–322 substituted "$10,000,000" for "$5,000,000".
2007—Pub. L. 110–114 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section related to authorization of small shore and beach restoration and protection projects not specifically authorized by Congress.
1999—Pub. L. 106–53 substituted "$3,000,000" for "$2,000,000".
1996—Pub. L. 104–303 substituted "Secretary" for "Secretary of the Army".
1986—Pub. L. 99–662 substituted "$30,000,000" for "$25,000,000" and "$2,000,000" for "$1,000,000".
1970—Pub. L. 91–611 increased authorized annual allotment for Federal share of project construction costs from $10,000,000 to $25,000,000 and the limitation on allotment for any single project from $500,000 to $1,000,000.
1965—Pub. L. 89–298 increased authorized annual allotment for Federal share of project construction costs from $3,000,000 to $10,000,000 and the limitation on allotment for any single project from $400,000 to $500,000.
1962—Pub. L. 87–874 substituted provisions which authorize the Secretary of the Army to undertake small shore and beach projects not specifically authorized by Congress, which otherwise comply with section 426e of this title, and to allot from any civil works appropriations hereafter made, an amount not to exceed $3,000,000 for the Federal share of such projects in any one fiscal year, provide that no such single project shall be allotted more than $400,000, including periodic nourishment, that provisions of local cooperation shall apply, and that the work shall be complete and not commit the United States to any additional improvement except for periodic beach nourishment, and as may result from procedure applying to projects authorized after submission of survey reports, for provisions which permitted the Chief of Engineers to make advance payments, not exceeding the United States pro rata part of the value of the labor and materials actually put in, and to undertake construction of restoration and protective works under sections 426e to 426h of this title upon the request of, and contribution of funds by, the interested political subdivision.
1956—Act July 28, 1956, substituted "restoration and protective works under sections 426e to 426h of this title" for "improvement and protective works".
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Change of Name
Department of War designated Department of the Army and title of Secretary of War changed to Secretary of the Army by section 205(a) of act July 26, 1947, ch. 343, title II, 61 Stat. 501. Section 205(a) of act July 26, 1947, was repealed by section 53 of act Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 641. Section 1 of act Aug. 10, 1956, enacted "Title 10, Armed Forces" which in sections 3010 to 3013 continued Department of the Army under administrative supervision of Secretary of the Army.
Effective Date of 1986 Amendment
Pub. L. 99–662, title IX, §915(i), Nov. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 4191, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section and sections 426i, 577, 603a, 701g, 701r, and 701s of this title] shall not apply to any project under contract for construction on the date of enactment of this Act [Nov. 17, 1986]."
Effective Date of 1970 Amendment
Pub. L. 91–611, title I, §112(c), Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1821, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section and section 577 of this title] shall not apply to any project under contract for construction on the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 31, 1970]."
Transfer of Functions
Functions, powers, and duties of Secretary of the Army and other offices and officers of Department of the Army under section 401 of this title to extent that they relate generally to location and clearances of bridges and causeways in navigable waters of United States transferred to and vested in Secretary of Transportation by Pub. L. 89–670, §6(g)(6)(A), Oct. 15, 1966, 80 Stat. 941, which created Department of Transportation. Pub. L. 97–449 amended section 401 of this title to reflect transfer made by section 6(g)(6)(A) of Pub. L. 89–670, and repealed section 6(g)(6)(A).
Hurricane and Storm Damage Protection Program
Pub. L. 115–270, title I, §1112, Oct. 23, 2018, 132 Stat. 3775, provided that:
"(a)
"(b)
"(c)
"(1) foster Federal, State, and local collaboration;
"(2) evaluate the performance of projects being carried out under a single contract with respect to whether such projects yield any regional or multi-district benefits; and
"(3) include other criteria and considerations that the Secretary determines to be appropriate.
"(d)
"(e)
"(f)
1 So in original. Probably should be "demonstration".
2 See References in Text note below.
§426g–1. State and regional plans
The Secretary may—
(1) cooperate with any State in the preparation of a comprehensive State or regional plan for the conservation of coastal resources located within the boundaries of the State;
(2) encourage State participation in the implementation of the plan; and
(3) submit to Congress reports and recommendations with respect to appropriate Federal participation in carrying out the plan.
(Aug. 13, 1946, ch. 960, §4, as added Pub. L. 104–303, title II, §227(d)(2), Oct. 12, 1996, 110 Stat. 3700.)
Editorial Notes
Prior Provisions
A prior section 4 of act Aug. 13, 1946, was renumbered section 5 of that act, and was classified to section 426h of this title prior to repeal by Pub. L. 104–303.
§426h. Repealed. Pub. L. 110–114, title II, §2038(b), Nov. 8, 2007, 121 Stat. 1100
Section, act Aug. 13, 1946, ch. 960, §5, as added Pub. L. 104–303, title II, §227(e)(1), Oct. 12, 1996, 110 Stat. 3700; amended Pub. L. 106–53, title V, §581, Aug. 17, 1999, 113 Stat. 375; Pub. L. 109–234, title II, §2305, June 15, 2006, 120 Stat. 456; Pub. L. 110–161, div. C, title I, §113, Dec. 26, 2007, 121 Stat. 1944, related to national shoreline erosion control development and demonstration program.
A prior section 426h, acts Aug. 13, 1946, ch. 960, §5, formerly §4, 60 Stat. 1057; July 28, 1956, ch. 768, 70 Stat. 703; renumbered §5, Oct. 12, 1996, Pub. L. 104–303, title II, §227(d)(1), 110 Stat. 3700, defined the word "shores" as used in sections 426e to 426h of this title, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 104–303, title II, §227(e)(1), Oct. 12, 1996, 110 Stat. 3700.
§426h–1. Definitions
In sections 426e and 426f to 426h–1 of this title, the following definitions apply:
(1) Erosion control program
The term "erosion control program" means the national shoreline erosion control development and demonstration program established under this section.
(2) Secretary
The term "Secretary" means the Secretary of the Army.
(3) Separable element
The term "separable element" has the meaning provided by section 2213(f) of this title.
(4) Shore
The term "shore" includes each shoreline of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, the Gulf of Mexico, the Great Lakes, and lakes, estuaries, and bays directly connected therewith.
(5) Shore protection project
The term "shore protection project" includes a project for beach nourishment, including the replacement of sand.
(Aug. 13, 1946, ch. 960, §6, as added Pub. L. 104–303, title II, §227(e)(1), Oct. 12, 1996, 110 Stat. 3702.)
§426i. Shore damage prevention or mitigation
(a) In general
The Secretary of the Army is authorized to investigate, study, plan, and implement structural and nonstructural measures for the prevention or mitigation of shore damages attributable to Federal navigation works and shore damage attributable to the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway and the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway, if a non-Federal public body agrees to operate and maintain such measures, and, in the case of interests in real property acquired in conjunction with nonstructural measures, to operate and maintain the property for public purposes in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Secretary.
(b) Cost sharing
The costs of implementing measures, including a study, shall be cost-shared in the same proportion as the cost-sharing provisions applicable to construction of the project causing the shore damage.
(c) Requirement for specific authorization
No such project shall be initiated without specific authorization by Congress if the Federal first cost exceeds $12,500,000.
(d) Coordination
The Secretary shall—
(1) coordinate the implementation of the measures under this section with other Federal and non-Federal shore protection projects in the same geographic area; and
(2) to the extent practicable, combine mitigation projects with other shore protection projects in the same area into a comprehensive regional project.
(e) Reimbursement for feasibility studies
Beginning on December 16, 2016, in any case in which the Secretary implements a project under this section, the Secretary shall reimburse or credit the non-Federal interest for any amounts contributed for the study evaluating the damage in excess of the non-Federal share of the costs, as determined under subsection (b).
(Pub. L. 90–483, title I, §111, Aug. 13, 1968, 82 Stat. 735; Pub. L. 99–662, title IX, §§915(f), 940, Nov. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 4191, 4199; Pub. L. 106–53, title II, §214, Aug. 17, 1999, 113 Stat. 291; Pub. L. 113–121, title I, §1030(c), June 10, 2014, 128 Stat. 1232; Pub. L. 114–322, title I, §1169, Dec. 16, 2016, 130 Stat. 1671; Pub. L. 115–270, title I, §1157(c), Oct. 23, 2018, 132 Stat. 3794.)
Editorial Notes
Amendments
2018—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 115–270 substituted "$12,500,000" for "$10,000,000".
2016—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 114–322, §1169(1), substituted "measures, including a study, shall be cost-shared in the same proportion as the cost-sharing provisions applicable to construction of the project" for "measures under this section shall be cost-shared in the same proportion as the cost-sharing provisions applicable to the project".
Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 114–322, §1169(2), added subsec. (e).
2014—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 113–121 substituted "$10,000,000" for "$5,000,000".
1999—Pub. L. 106–53 designated first sentence as subsec. (a), inserted heading, and inserted "and shore damage attributable to the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway and the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway" after "navigation works", designated second sentence as subsec. (b) and inserted heading, and designated third sentence as subsec. (c), inserted heading, and substituted "$5,000,000" for "$2,000,000", and added subsec. (d).
1986—Pub. L. 99–662, §940, amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section read as follows: "The Secretary of the Army, acting through the Chief of Engineers, is authorized to investigate, study, and construct projects for the prevention or mitigation of shore damages attributable to Federal navigation works. The cost of installing, operating, and maintaining such projects shall be borne entirely by the United States. No such project shall be constructed without specific authorization by Congress if the estimated first cost exceeds $2,000,000."
Pub. L. 99–662, §915(f), substituted "$2,000,000" for "$1,000,000".
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective Date of 1986 Amendment
Amendment by section 915(f) of Pub. L. 99–662 not applicable to any project under contract for construction on Nov. 17, 1986, see section 915(i) of Pub. L. 99–662, set out as a note under section 426g of this title.
Coastal Erosion
Pub. L. 115–270, title I, §1172, Oct. 23, 2018, 132 Stat. 3799, provided that:
"(a)
"(b)
"(1) identify and carry out not more than five projects—
"(A) located in any of the States of Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, or New York; and
"(B) for which a feasibility study has been completed by December 31, 2019, that includes findings that a Federal project structure is interrupting the natural flow of sediment and causing coastal erosion; and
"(2) consult with relevant State agencies in selecting projects."
§426i–1. Repealed. Pub. L. 113–121, title I, §1014(c)(2), June 10, 2014, 128 Stat. 1222
Section, Pub. L. 102–580, title II, §206, Oct. 31, 1992, 106 Stat. 4828; Pub. L. 104–303, title II, §227(c)(2), Oct. 12, 1996, 110 Stat. 3700, related to construction of shoreline protection projects by non-Federal interests.
§426i–2. National coastal data bank
(1) Establishment of data bank
Not later than 2 years after August 17, 1999, the Secretary shall establish a national coastal data bank containing data on the geophysical and climatological characteristics of the shores of the United States.
(2) Content
To the extent practicable, the national coastal data bank shall include data regarding current and predicted shore positions, information on federally authorized shore protection projects, and data on the movement of sand along the shores of the United States, including impediments to such movement caused by natural and manmade features.
(3) Access
The national coastal data bank shall be made readily accessible to the public.
(Pub. L. 106–53, title II, §215(d), Aug. 17, 1999, 113 Stat. 293.)
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
"Secretary" Defined
Secretary means the Secretary of the Army, see section 2 of Pub. L. 106–53, set out as a note under section 2201 of this title.
§426j. Repealed. Pub. L. 110–114, title II, §2037(b)(1), Nov. 8, 2007, 121 Stat. 1096
Section, Pub. L. 94–587, §145, Oct. 22, 1976, 90 Stat. 2931; Pub. L. 99–662, title IX, §933, Nov. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 4197; Pub. L. 100–676, §35, Nov. 17, 1988, 102 Stat. 4031; Pub. L. 102–580, title II, §207, Oct. 31, 1992, 106 Stat. 4829; Pub. L. 106–53, title II, §217(a), Aug. 17, 1999, 113 Stat. 294, related to placement on State beaches of sand dredged in constructing and maintaining navigation inlets and channels adjacent to such beaches.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Existing Projects
Pub. L. 110–114, title II, §2037(b)(2), Nov. 8, 2007, 121 Stat. 1096, provided that: "The Secretary [of the Army] may complete any project being carried out under section 145 of the Water Resources Development Act of 1976 [this section] on the day before the date of enactment of this Act [Nov. 8, 2007]."
§426k. Five year demonstration program to temporarily increase diversion of water from Lake Michigan at Chicago, Illinois
(a) Authorization of Secretary of the Army; purpose; amounts of increase; incremental accomplishment; effects on Illinois Waterway; responsibilities for development, implementation, and supervision
In order to alleviate water damage on the shoreline of Lake Michigan and others of the Great Lakes during periods of abnormally high water levels in the Great Lakes, and to improve the water quality of the Illinois Waterway, the Secretary of the Army, acting through the Chief of Engineers, is authorized to carry out a five-year demonstration program to temporarily increase the diversion of water from Lake Michigan at Chicago, Illinois, for the purpose of testing the practicability of increasing the average annual diversion from the present limit of three thousand two hundred cubic feet per second to ten thousand cubic feet per second. The demonstration program will increase the controllable diversion by various amounts calculated to raise the average annual diversion above three thousand two hundred cubic feet per second up to ten thousand cubic feet per second. The increase in diversion rate will be accomplished incrementally and will take into consideration the effects of such increase on the Illinois Waterway. The program will be developed by the Chief of Engineers in cooperation with the State of Illinois and the Metropolitan Sanitary District of Greater Chicago. The program will be implemented by the State of Illinois and the Metropolitan Sanitary District of Greater Chicago under the supervision of the Chief of Engineers.
(b) Establishment of monthly controllable diversion rates; average annual level of Lake Michigan and total diversion for succeeding accounting year
During the demonstration program a controllable diversion rate will be established for each month calculated to establish an annual average diversion from three thousand two hundred cubic feet per second to not more than ten thousand cubic feet per second. When the level of Lake Michigan is below its average level, the total diversion for the succeeding accounting year shall not exceed three thousand two hundred cubic feet per second on an annual basis. The average level of Lake Michigan will be based upon the average monthly level for the period from 1900 to 1975.
(c) River stages approaching bankfull conditions on Illinois Waterway or Mississippi River or further increased diversion adversely affecting St. Lawrence Seaway water levels: limitation on diversion
When river stages approach or are predicted to approach bankfull conditions at the established flood warning stations on the Illinois Waterway or the Mississippi River, or when further increased diversion of water from Lake Michigan would adversely affect water levels necessary for navigational requirements of the Saint Lawrence Seaway in its entirety throughout the Saint Lawrence River and Great Lakes-Saint Lawrence Seaway, water shall not be diverted directly from Lake Michigan at the Wilmette, O'Brien, or Chicago River control structures other than as necessary for navigational requirements.