Engaging in monetary transactions in property derived from specified unlawful activity
(a)
Whoever, in any of the circumstances set forth in subsection (d), knowingly engages or attempts to engage in a monetary transaction in criminally derived property of a value greater than $10,000 and is derived from specified unlawful activity, shall be punished as provided in subsection (b).
(b)(1)
Except as provided in paragraph (2), the punishment for an offense under this section is a fine under title 18, United States Code, or imprisonment for not more than ten years or both. If the offense involves a pre-retail medical product (as defined in section 670) the punishment for the offense shall be the same as the punishment for an offense under section 670 unless the punishment under this subsection is greater.
(2)
The court may impose an alternate fine to that imposable under paragraph (1) of not more than twice the amount of the criminally derived property involved in the transaction.
(c)
In a prosecution for an offense under this section, the Government is not required to prove the defendant knew that the offense from which the criminally derived property was derived was specified unlawful activity.
(d)
The circumstances referred to in subsection (a) are—
(1)
that the offense under this section takes place in the United States or in the special maritime and territorial jurisdiction of the United States; or
(2)
section 3077 of this title that the offense under this section takes place outside the United States and such special jurisdiction, but the defendant is a United States person (as defined in , but excluding the class described in paragraph (2)(D) of such section).
(e)
Violations of this section may be investigated by such components of the Department of Justice as the Attorney General may direct, and by such components of the Department of the Treasury as the Secretary of the Treasury may direct, as appropriate, and, with respect to offenses over which the Department of Homeland Security has jurisdiction, by such components of the Department of Homeland Security as the Secretary of Homeland Security may direct, and, with respect to offenses over which the United States Postal Service has jurisdiction, by the Postal Service. Such authority of the Secretary of the Treasury, the Secretary of Homeland Security, and the Postal Service shall be exercised in accordance with an agreement which shall be entered into by the Secretary of the Treasury, the Secretary of Homeland Security, the Postal Service, and the Attorney General.
(f)
As used in this section—
(1)
section 1956(c)(5) of this titlesection 1956 of this titlesection 1956(c)(4)(B) of this title the term “monetary transaction” means the deposit, withdrawal, transfer, or exchange, in or affecting interstate or foreign commerce, of funds or a monetary instrument (as defined in ) by, through, or to a financial institution (as defined in ), including any transaction that would be a financial transaction under , but such term does not include any transaction necessary to preserve a person’s right to representation as guaranteed by the sixth amendment to the Constitution;
(2)
the term “criminally derived property” means any property constituting, or derived from, proceeds obtained from a criminal offense; and
(3)
section 1956 of this title the terms “specified unlawful activity” and “proceeds” shall have the meaning given those terms in .
Pub. L. 112–1862012—Subsec. (b)(1). inserted at end “If the offense involves a pre-retail medical product (as defined in section 670) the punishment for the offense shall be the same as the punishment for an offense under section 670 unless the punishment under this subsection is greater.”
Pub. L. 111–21section 1956 of this title2009—Subsec. (f)(3). added par. (3) and struck out former par. (3) which read as follows: “the term ‘specified unlawful activity’ has the meaning given that term in .”
Pub. L. 109–1772006—Subsec. (e). amended subsec. (e) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (e) read as follows: “Violations of this section may be investigated by such components of the Department of Justice as the Attorney General may direct, and by such components of the Department of the Treasury as the Secretary of the Treasury may direct, as appropriate and, with respect to offenses over which the United States Postal Service has jurisdiction, by the Postal Service. Such authority of the Secretary of the Treasury and the Postal Service shall be exercised in accordance with an agreement which shall be entered into by the Secretary of the Treasury, the Postal Service, and the Attorney General.”
Pub. L. 100–690, § 6469(a)(2)1988—Subsec. (e). , substituted “and, with respect to offenses over which the United States Postal Service has jurisdiction, by the Postal Service. Such authority of the Secretary of the Treasury and the Postal Service shall be exercised in accordance with an agreement which shall be entered into by the Secretary of the Treasury, the Postal Service, and the Attorney General.” for “. Such authority of the Secretary of the Treasury shall be exercised in accordance with an agreement which shall be entered into by the Secretary of the Treasury and the Attorney General.”
Pub. L. 100–690section 1956(c)(5) of this titleSubsec. (f)(1). , §§ 6182, 6184, substituted “in ” for “for the purposes of subchapter II of chapter 53 of title 31” and inserted “, but such term does not include any transaction necessary to preserve a person’s right to representation as guaranteed by the sixth amendment to the Constitution”.