§301. Definitions
In this chapter:
(1) The terms "appropriate congressional committees" and "appropriate committees of Congress" mean-
(A) the Committee on Armed Services, the Committee on Foreign Relations, and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate; and
(B) the Committee on Armed Services, the Committee on Foreign Affairs, and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives.
(2) The term "defense article" has the meaning given that term in section 644 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2403).
(3) The term "defense service" has the meaning given that term in section 644 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2403).
(4) The term "developing country" has the meaning prescribed by the Secretary of Defense for purposes of this chapter in accordance with section 1241(n) of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017.
(5) The term "incremental expenses", with respect to a foreign country-
(A) means the reasonable and proper costs of rations, fuel, training ammunition, transportation, and other goods and services consumed by the country as a direct result of the country's participation in activities authorized by this chapter; and
(B) does not include-
(i) any form of lethal assistance (excluding training ammunition); or
(ii) pay, allowances, and other normal costs of the personnel of the country.
(6) The term "national security forces", in the case of a foreign country, means the following:
(A) National military and national-level security forces of the foreign country that have the functional responsibilities for which training is authorized in section 333(a) of this title.
(B) With respect to operations referred to in section 333(a)(2) of this title, military and civilian first responders of the foreign country at the national or local level that have such operations among their functional responsibilities.
(7) The term "security cooperation programs and activities of the Department of Defense" means any program, activity (including an exercise), or interaction of the Department of Defense with the security establishment of a foreign country to achieve a purpose as follows:
(A) To build and develop allied and friendly security capabilities for self-defense and multinational operations.
(B) To provide the armed forces with access to the foreign country during peacetime or a contingency operation.
(C) To build relationships that promote specific United States security interests.
(8) The term "small-scale construction" means construction at a cost not to exceed $2,000,000 for any project.
(9) The term "training" has the meaning given the term "military education and training" in section 644 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2403).
(Added
Editorial Notes
References in Text
Section 1241(n) of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017, referred to in par. (4), is section 1241(n) of
Amendments
2023-Par. (8).
2018-Par. (8).
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Savings Clause
Program and Processes Relating to Foreign Acquisition
"(a)
"(b)
"(1)
"(A) to raise awareness and understanding among officials of foreign governments, covered embassy personnel, and representatives of the defense industrial base with respect to the role of the Department of Defense in implementing the foreign military sales process and the Department of Defense security cooperation process; and
"(B) to raise awareness-
"(i) within the private sector of the United States with respect to-
"(I) foreign demand for United States weapon systems; and
"(II) potential foreign industry partnering opportunities; and
"(ii) among officials of foreign governments and covered embassy personnel with respect to potential United States materiel solutions for capability needs.
"(2)
"(A) ensuring that information provided at the industry day is unclassified;
"(B) making the industry day publicly accessible through teleconference or other virtual means; and
"(C) posting any supporting materials on a publicly accessible internet website.
"(3)
"(c)
"(d)
"(1)
"(A) to coordinate information and outreach on Department of Defense implementation of the foreign military sales process; and
"(B) to respond to inquiries from representatives of the defense industrial base and partner countries.
"(2)
"(3)
"(e)
"(f)
Technology Release and Foreign Disclosure Reform Initiative
"(a)
"(1)
"(2)
"(A) to develop recommendations for the continuous improvement of such policies, processes, and procedures within the Department and across other departments and agencies of the Federal Government involved in technology release and foreign disclosure decisions;
"(B) to increase efficiency and reduce timelines for the processing of such decisions;
"(C) to standardize, to the extent practicable, processes and information sharing systems applicable to such decisions; and
"(D) to provide for the continuous exchange of timely and relevant information among-
"(i) the principal organizations involved in technology release and foreign disclosure decisions;
"(ii) the broader acquisition and program executive officer communities; and
"(iii) interagency partners of the Department.
"(3)
"(A) establish a new initiative;
"(B) modify an existing initiative of the Department of Defense; or
"(C) carry out the initiative through a combination of the approaches described in subparagraphs (A) and (B).
"(b)
"(1)
"(2)
"(A) methods for tracking individual technology release and foreign disclosure decisions made by the Defense Technology Security Administration;
"(B) objectives and deadlines related to the completion of such decisions; and
"(C) a method of prioritizing among technology release and foreign disclosure requests that takes into account-
"(i) the importance of the request to the national security of the United States; and
"(ii) the risks associated with the release or disclosure.
"(3)
"(c)
"(1) the Under Secretary of Defense for Policy shall establish or designate-
"(A) one position within the Office of the Under Secretary to lead the development and oversee the implementation of technology release and foreign disclosure policies for the Department of Defense; and
"(B) one position within the Office to coordinate information and outreach to relevant stakeholders on relevant Department of Defense technology release and foreign disclosure policies and to respond to inquiries from representatives of the commercial defense industry and partner countries; and
"(2) each Secretary of a military department shall establish or designate-
"(A) one position within the department under the jurisdiction of such Secretary to lead the development and oversee the implementation of technology release and foreign disclosure policies for that department; and
"(B) one position within such department to coordinate information and outreach to relevant stakeholders on relevant Department of Defense technology release and foreign disclosure policies and to respond to inquiries from representatives of the commercial defense industry and partner countries.
"(d)
"(1)
"(A) An assessment of the staffing levels of the organizations specified in paragraph (2).
"(B) An assessment of the feasibility and advisability of consolidating the functions and organizations of the Department of Defense involved in technology release and foreign disclosure decisions, including the organizations specified in paragraph (2).
"(C) A review of any statutes and regulations applicable to technology release and foreign disclosure, together with recommendations for any changes to such statutes and regulations.
"(D) A survey and description of the data and methodology used to assess operational risk, technology risk, and the effects of technology release and foreign disclosure decisions on the defense industrial base.
"(E) An assessment of the benefits of developing and implementing anticipatory policies for technology release and foreign disclosure that include standardized capability thresholds for countries and geopolitical regions, especially for emerging capabilities for partners and allies of the United States.
"(F) An assessment of the extent to which the lessons learned from technology release and foreign disclosure decisions made in support of the Ukraine conflict have been applied to broader processes.
"(2)
"(A) the Defense Technology Security Administration;
"(B) the Low Observable/Counter Low Observable Tri-Service Committee;
"(C) the Executive Agent for Anti-Tamper;
"(D) the Communications Security Review and Advisory Board; and
"(E) the organizations responsible for technology release and foreign disclosure in each of the military departments."
Security Cooperation Programs With Foreign Partners To Advance Women, Peace, and Security
"(a)
"(1) the recruitment, employment, development, retention, promotion, and meaningful participation in decisionmaking of women;
"(2) sexual harassment, sexual assault, domestic abuse, and other forms of violence that disproportionately impact women;
"(3) the requirements of women, including providing appropriate equipment and facilities; and
"(4) the implementation of activities described in this subsection, including the integration of such activities into security-sector policy, planning, exercises, and training, as appropriate.
"(b)
"(c)
Security Cooperation Strategy for Certain Combatant Commands
"(a)
"(b)
"(1) A discussion of how the strategy will-
"(A) support and advance United States national security interests in strategic competition with near-peer rivals;
"(B) prioritize and build key capabilities of allied and partner security forces so as to enhance bilateral and multilateral interoperability and responsiveness;
"(C) prioritize and build the capabilities of foreign partner security forces to secure their own territory, including through operations against violent extremist groups;
"(D) promote and build institutional capabilities for observance of, and respect for-
"(i) the law of armed conflict;
"(ii) human rights and fundamental freedoms;
"(iii) the rule of law; and
"(iv) civilian control of the military; and
"(E) support the programs and activities of law enforcement and civilian agencies, as appropriate, to counter the threat of and reduce risks from illicit drug trafficking and other forms of transnational organized crime.
"(2) A statement of the security cooperation strategic objectives for-
"(A) the covered combatant command; and
"(B) the covered combatant command in conjunction with other covered combatant commands.
"(3) A description of the primary security cooperation lines of effort for achieving such strategic objectives, including prioritization of foreign partners within the covered combatant command.
"(4) A description of the Department of Defense authorities to be used for each such line of effort and the manner in which such authorities will contribute to achieving such strategic objectives.
"(5) A description of the institutional capacity-building programs and activities within the covered combatant command and an assessment of the manner in which such programs and activities contribute to achieving such strategic objectives.
"(6) A description of Department of Defense educational programs and institutions, and international institutions, relevant to the combatant command and an assessment of the manner in which such programs and institutions contribute to achieving such strategic objectives.
"(7) A discussion of the manner in which the development, planning, and implementation of programs or activities under Department of Defense security cooperation authorities are coordinated and deconflicted with security assistance and other assistance authorities of the Department of State and other civilian agencies.
"(c)
"(1)
"(2)
"(d)
"(1)
"(A) the Committee on Armed Services, the Committee on Foreign Relations, and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate; and
"(B) the Committee on Armed Services, the Committee on Foreign Affairs, and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives.
"(2)
"(A) the United States European Command;
"(B) the United States Indo-Pacific Command;
"(C) the United States Central Command;
"(D) the United States Africa Command;
"(E) the United States Southern Command; and
"(F) the United States Northern Command."
Secretary of Defense Strategic Competition Initiative
"(a)
"(b)
"(1) The provision of funds to pay for personnel expenses of foreign defense or security personnel for bilateral or regional security cooperation programs and joint exercises, in accordance with section 321 of title 10, United States Code.
"(2) Activities to build the institutional capacity of foreign national security forces, including efforts to counter corruption, in accordance with section 332 of title 10, United States Code.
"(3) Activities to build the capabilities of the United States joint force and the security forces of United States allies and partners relating to irregular warfare.
"(4) Activities to expose and disprove foreign malign influence and disinformation, and to expose and deter coercion and subversion.
"(c)
"(d)
"(e)
"(1)
"(A) not more than $20,000,000 in each fiscal year is authorized to be obligated and expended under this section; and
"(B) not more than $3,000,000 may be used to pay for personnel expenses under subsection (b)(1).
"(2)
"(f)
"(g)
"(1)
"(2)
"(h)
Prescription of Term "Developing Country"
"(1)
"(2)
"(3)
"(4)
Quadrennial Review of Security Sector Assistance Programs and Authorities of the United States Government
"(a)
"(1) To assist partner nations in building sustainable capability to address common security challenges with the United States.
"(2) To promote partner nation support for United States interests.
"(3) To promote universal values, such as good governance, transparent and accountable oversight of security forces, rule of law, transparency, accountability, delivery of fair and effective justice, and respect for human rights.
"(4) To strengthen collective security and multinational defense arrangements and organizations of which the United States is a participant.
"(b)
"(1)
"(2)
"(A) An examination [of] whether the current security sector assistance programs, policies, authorities, and resources of the United States Government are sufficient to achieve the goals specified in subsection (a), and an identification of any gaps or shortfalls needing mitigation.
"(B) An examination of the success of such programs and resources in achieving such goals, based on a review of relevant departmental and interagency programmatic and strategic evaluations.
"(C) An examination of the extent to which the security sector assistance of the United States Government is aligned with national security and foreign policy objectives, conducted in support of clear and coherent policy guidance, and planned and executed in accordance with identified best practices.
"(D) The development of recommendations, as appropriate, for improving the security sector assistance programs, policies, authorities, and resources of the United States Government to more effectively achieve the goals specified in subsection (a) and support other national security objectives.
"(3)
"(4)
[Memorandum of President of the United States, Feb. 8, 2018, 83 F.R. 8739, provided:
[Memorandum for the Secretary of State [and] the Secretary of Defense
[By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, including section 301 of title 3, United States Code, I hereby delegate to the Secretary of State, in coordination with the Secretary of Defense, the functions and authorities vested in the President by section 1252 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017 (
[The delegation in this memorandum shall apply to any provisions of any future public law that are the same or substantially the same as the provision referenced in this memorandum.
[The Secretary of State is authorized and directed to publish this memorandum in the Federal Register.
[Donald J. Trump.]