US Code

Public Law 119-88 (05/04/2026)

10 U.S.C. § 12001

Authorized strengths: reserve components

(a)
Whenever the authorized strength of a reserve component (other than the Coast Guard Reserve) is not prescribed by law, it shall be prescribed by the President.
(b)
Subject to the authorized strength of the reserve component concerned, the authorized strength of each reserve component (other than the Coast Guard Reserve) in members in each grade is that which the Secretary concerned determines to be necessary to provide for mobilization requirements. The Secretary shall review these determinations at least once each year and revise them if he considers it necessary. However, a member of the reserve component concerned may not, as a result of such a determination, be reduced in the member’s reserve grade without the member’s consent.

Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, § 1662(a)(1)108 Stat. 2983 (Added , , .)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

Pub. L. 103–337, § 1662(a)(3)Provisions similar to those in this section were contained in sections 3221, 3224, 5413, 5456, 8221, and 8224 of this title, prior to repeal by .

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

section 1691 of Pub. L. 103–337section 10001 of this titleSection effective , except as otherwise provided, see , set out as a note under .

Transfer of Functions

section 542 of Title 6For transfer of authorities, functions, personnel, and assets of the Coast Guard, including the authorities and functions of the Secretary of Transportation relating thereto, to the Department of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see sections 468(b), 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of , as modified, set out as a note under .

Notice to Congress Regarding Reapportionment of National Guard Force Structure

Pub. L. 118–159, div. A, title V, § 515138 Stat. 1879

“(a)

In General .—

Not later than 60 days before reapportioning the force structure of the National Guard of a State, including by converting a position into a military technician (dual status), the Chief of the National Guard Bureau, in consultation with the Secretary of the military department concerned, shall submit to the Committees on Armed Services of the Senate and the House of Representatives a notice of such reapportionment.
“(b)

Form; Elements .—

A notice under subsection (a)—
“(1)
may be submitted in unclassified form with a classified annex; and
“(2)
shall include the following elements:
“(A)
A description of such reapportionment, including the number of such conversions and any changes to the number of personnel.
“(B)
A description of the projected operational effect of such reapportionment on the mission of the National Guard of such State.
“(C)
A description of any end strength requirements that justify such reapportionment.
“(D)
Recommendations for any change to statutory end strengths that may be necessary to offset such requirements.
“(c)

Definitions .—

In this section:
“(1)
section 10216 of title 10 The term ‘military technician (dual status)’ has the meaning given such term in , United States Code.
“(2)
section 901 of title 32 The term ‘State’ has the meaning given such term in , United States Code.”
, , , provided that:

End Strengths for Selected Reserve and for Reserves on Active Duty in Support of Reserves

Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title IV119 Stat. 3220 , §§ 411, 412, , , 3221, which authorized end strengths for Selected Reserve personnel of the reserve components and for Reserves on active duty in support of the Reserves as of the last day of a fiscal year was from the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2006 and was repeated in provisions of subsequent authorization acts which are not set out in the Code. Similar provisions were contained in the following prior authorization acts:

Pub. L. 108–375, div. A, title IV118 Stat. 1864 , §§ 411, 412, , , 1865.

Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title IV117 Stat. 1452 , §§ 411, 412, , , 1453.

Pub. L. 107–314, div. A, title IV116 Stat. 2526 , §§ 411, 412, , , 2527.

Pub. L. 107–107, div. A, title IV115 Stat. 1069 , §§ 411, 412, , , 1070.

Pub. L. 106–398, § 1 [[div. A]114 Stat. 1654 , title IV, §§ 411, 412], , , 1654A–93.

Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title IV113 Stat. 585 , §§ 411, 412, , , 586.

Pub. L. 105–261, div. A, title IV112 Stat. 1997 , §§ 411, 412, , .

Pub. L. 105–85, div. A, title IV111 Stat. 1719 , §§ 411, 412, , , 1720.

Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title IV110 Stat. 2506 , §§ 411, 412, , , 2507.

Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title IV110 Stat. 287 , §§ 411, 412, , , 288.

Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title IV108 Stat. 2746 , §§ 411, 412, , .

Pub. L. 103–160, div. A, title IV107 Stat. 1641 , §§ 411, 412, , , 1642.

Pub. L. 102–484, div. A, title IV106 Stat. 2399 , §§ 411, 412, , .

Pub. L. 102–190, div. A, title IV105 Stat. 1351 , §§ 411, 412, , .

Pub. L. 101–510, div. A, title IV104 Stat. 1546 Pub. L. 102–25, title II105 Stat. 79 Pub. L. 102–190, div. A, title IV, § 414(e)105 Stat. 1353 Pub. L. 103–160, div. A, title V, § 513107 Stat. 1649 , §§ 411(a)–(c), 412, , , 1547; , §§ 201(a), 202, 205(a), , , 80; , , ; , , .

Pub. L. 101–189, div. A, title IV103 Stat. 1432 Pub. L. 101–510, div. A, title IV, § 411(d)104 Stat. 1547 , §§ 411, 412, , , as amended by , , .

Pub. L. 100–456, div. A, title IV102 Stat. 1964 , §§ 411(a), 412, , .

Pub. L. 100–180, div. A, title IV101 Stat. 1082 Pub. L. 100–456, div. A, title IV, § 411(b)102 Stat. 1964 , §§ 411, 412, , , 1083, as amended by , , .

Pub. L. 99–661, div. A, title IV100 Stat. 3860 , §§ 411(a)–(c), 412(a), , , 3861.

Pub. L. 99–145, title IV99 Stat. 618 , §§ 411, 412, , , 619.

Pub. L. 98–525, title IV98 Stat. 2516 , §§ 411, 412, , , 2517.

Pub. L. 98–94, title V97 Stat. 630 , §§ 501, 502, , , 631.

Pub. L. 97–252, title V96 Stat. 726 Pub. L. 98–94, title V, § 504(a)97 Stat. 631 , §§ 501, 502, , , as amended by , , .

Pub. L. 97–86, title V95 Stat. 1107 , §§ 501, 502, , .

Pub. L. 96–342, title IV, § 40194 Stat. 1084 , , .

Pub. L. 96–107, title IV, § 40193 Stat. 807 , , .

Pub. L. 95–485, title IV, § 40192 Stat. 1613 , , .

Pub. L. 95–79, title IV, § 40191 Stat. 327 , , .

Pub. L. 94–361, title IV, § 40190 Stat. 926 , , .

Pub. L. 94–106, title IV, § 40189 Stat. 532 , , .

Pub. L. 93–365, title IV88 Stat. 402 , §§ 401, 402, , , 403.

Pub. L. 93–155, title IV87 Stat. 608 , §§ 401, 402, , .

Pub. L. 92–436, title IV86 Stat. 736 , §§ 401, 402, , .

Pub. L. 92–156, title III85 Stat. 425 , §§ 301, 302, , .

Pub. L. 91–441, title III84 Stat. 908 , §§ 301, 302, , .

Pub. L. 91–121, title III83 Stat. 206 , §§ 301, 302, , .

Pub. L. 90–500, title III82 Stat. 850 , §§ 301, 302, , .

Reserve Component Force Structure

Pub. L. 102–484, div. A, title IV, § 413106 Stat. 2400

“(a)

Requirement To Prescribe Reserve Component Force Structure .—

The Secretary of each military department shall prescribe a force structure allowance for each reserve component under the jurisdiction of the Secretary. Each such force structure allowance for a reserve component—
“(1)
shall be consistent with, but in no case include a number of personnel spaces that is less than, the authorized end strength for that component; and
“(2)
shall be prescribed in accordance with historic service policies.
“(b)

Definition .—

For purposes of this section, the term ‘force structure allowance’ means the number and types of units and organizations, and the number of authorized personnel spaces allocated to those units and organizations, in a military force.”
, , , provided that:

Limitation on Reduction in Number of Reserve Component Medical Personnel

Pub. L. 102–484, div. A, title V, § 518106 Stat. 2407 Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title VII, § 716108 Stat. 2803 section 733 of Pub. L. 102–190section 1071 of this titlePub. L. 104–106, div. A, title V, § 564(d)(3)110 Stat. 327 , , , as amended by , , , prohibited Secretary of Defense from reducing number of medical personnel in any reserve component below number of such personnel in that component on , unless Secretary certified to Congress that number of such personnel to be reduced in particular military department was excess to current and projected needs for personnel in Selected Reserve of that department, and required that assessment of such needs be consistent with wartime requirements for Selected Reserve personnel identified in final report on comprehensive study of military medical care system prepared pursuant to , formerly set out as a note under , prior to repeal by , , .

Program for Active Component Support of Reserves

Pub. L. 108–375, div. A, title V, § 515(b)118 Stat. 1883 –(d), , , 1884, prohibited the Secretary of the Army from reducing the number of active component Reserve support personnel below the number of such personnel as of , until the Secretary of the Army submitted to the Committees on Armed Services of the Senate and House of Representatives, not later than , a report on the support by active components of the Army for training and readiness of the Army National Guard and Army Reserve.

Pub. L. 103–160, div. A, title V, § 517(b)107 Stat. 1651

“(1)
Public Law 102–19010 U.S.C. 261 The Secretary of the Army shall include in the annual report of the Secretary to Congress known as the Army Posture Statement a presentation relating to the implementation of the Pilot Program for Active Component Support of the Reserves under section 414 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Years 1992 and 1993 (; [former] note [now set out below]), as amended by subsection (a).
“(2)
Each such presentation shall include, with respect to the period covered by the report, the following information:
“(A)
The promotion rate for officers considered for promotion from within the promotion zone who are serving as active component advisers to units of the Selected Reserve of the Ready Reserve (in accordance with that program) compared with the promotion rate for other officers considered for promotion from within the promotion zone in the same pay grade and the same competitive category, shown for all officers of the Army.
“(B)
The promotion rate for officers considered for promotion from below the promotion zone who are serving as active component advisers to units of the Selected Reserve of the Ready Reserve (in accordance with that program) compared in the same manner as specified in subparagraph (A).”
, , , provided that:

Pub. L. 102–190, div. A, title IV, § 414(a)105 Stat. 1352 Pub. L. 102–484, div. A, title V, § 511(b)106 Stat. 2405 Pub. L. 103–160, div. A, title V, § 517(a)107 Stat. 1650 Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title IV, § 413108 Stat. 2747 Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title IV, § 413110 Stat. 288 Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title V, § 545(b)110 Stat. 2524 Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title X, § 1066(d)(2)113 Stat. 773 Pub. L. 108–375, div. A, title V, § 515(a)118 Stat. 1883

“(a)

Program Required .—

The Secretary of the Army shall carry out a program to provide active component advisers to combat units, combat support units, and combat service support units in the Selected Reserve of the Ready Reserve that have a high priority for deployment on a time-phased troop deployment list or have another contingent high priority for deployment. The advisers shall be assigned to full-time duty in connection with organizing, administering, recruiting, instructing, or training such units.
“(b)

Objectives of Program .—

The objectives of the program are as follows:
“(1)
To improve the readiness of units in the reserve components of the Army.
“(2)
To increase substantially the number of active component personnel directly advising reserve component unit personnel.
“(3)
To provide a basis for determining the most effective mix of reserve component personnel and active component personnel in organizing, administering, recruiting, instructing, or training reserve component units.
“(4)
To provide a basis for determining the most effective mix of active component officer and enlisted personnel in advising reserve component units regarding organizing, administering, recruiting, instructing, or training reserve component units.
“(c)

Personnel To Be Assigned .—

(1)
The Secretary shall assign not less than 3,500 active component personnel to serve as advisers under the program.
“(2)
The Secretary of Defense may count toward the number of active component personnel required under paragraph (1) to be assigned to serve as advisers under the program under this section any active component personnel who are assigned to an active component unit (A) that was established principally for the purpose of providing dedicated training support to reserve component units, and (B) the primary mission of which is to provide such dedicated training support.
“(d)

Action on the Basis of Program Results .—

Based on the experience under the pilot program, the Secretary of the Army shall by , submit to the Committees on Armed Services of the Senate and House of Representatives a report containing the Secretary’s evaluation of the program to that date. As part of the budget submission for fiscal year 1995, the Secretary shall submit any recommendations for expansion or modification of the program, together with a proposal for any statutory changes that the Secretary considers necessary to implement the program on a permanent basis. In no case may the number of active duty personnel assigned to the program decrease below the number specified for the pilot program.”
–(d), , , 1353, as amended by , title XI, § 1132, , , 2541; , , ; , , ; , , ; , , ; , , ; , , , provided that:

Reserve Forces Readiness

Pub. L. 98–525, title V, § 552(a)98 Stat. 2530 Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, § 1661(a)(3)(B)108 Stat. 2980

“(a)
(1)
The Secretary of Defense shall conduct a review of the various systems used to measure the readiness of reserve units of the Armed Forces and shall implement a measurement system for the active and reserve components of the Armed Forces to provide an objective and uniform evaluation of the readiness of all units of the Armed Forces. The measurement system should be designed to produce information adequate to provide comparisons concerning the readiness of all units. The system for evaluation of the readiness of a unit of an active component should incorporate the performance of any unit of a reserve component affiliated with the active component unit, including the effect of the reserve component unit on the mobilization capability of the active component unit.
“(2)
Not later than , the Secretary shall submit a report to the Committees on Armed Services of the Senate and House of Representatives describing the results of the review under paragraph (1) and the measurement system implemented in accordance with that paragraph.
“(b)
(1)
The Secretary of Defense, acting through the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Reserve Affairs [now Assistant Secretary of Defense for Manpower and Reserve Affairs], shall conduct a study to evaluate the feasibility of allocating equipment to units of reserve components based on a measure of effectiveness of such units. The study should consider the effects of allocating equipment by comparing units with similar deployment times and similar capabilities in terms of training and equipment rather than by comparing all reserve component units with each other. The study should be integrated with an evaluation of the system for measuring unit effectiveness to be implemented in accordance with subsection (a).
“(2)
As part of the report under subsection (a)(2), the Secretary of Defense shall submit to the Committees on Armed Services of the Senate and House of Representatives a report on the study carried out under paragraph (1).
“(c)
It is the sense of Congress that the number of members of the Army Reserve and of the Army National Guard assigned to full-time manning duty should be increased to 14 percent of the total membership of the Army Reserve and of the Army National Guard, respectively, by fiscal year 1989.
“(d)
(1)
(A)
The Secretary of Defense, acting through the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Reserve Affairs [now Assistant Secretary of Defense for Manpower and Reserve Affairs], shall conduct a study of the benefits of a longer training program for certain units of the reserve components and shall conduct a test of such a program. The test program should begin at the earliest realistic date.
“(B)
In developing training programs for the reserve components, the Secretary shall give increased attention to innovative training technologies, techniques, and schedules that recognize the limitations on time and the geographic dispersion of the reserve components.
“(2)
Not later than , the Secretary shall submit a report to the Committees on Armed Services of the Senate and House of Representatives describing the study under paragraph (1).
“(e)

Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, § 1661(a)(3)(B)108 Stat. 2980 [Repealed. , , .]

“(g)
This section does not apply to the Coast Guard.”
–(e), (g), , , as amended by , , , provided that: