US Code

Public Law 119-73 (01/23/2026)

15 U.S.C. § 1639

Requirements for certain mortgages

(a)

Disclosures

(1)

Specific disclosures

1
1 See References in Text note below.
In addition to other disclosures required under this subchapter, for each mortgage referred to in section 1602(aa)  of this title, the creditor shall provide the following disclosures in conspicuous type size:
(A)
“You are not required to complete this agreement merely because you have received these disclosures or have signed a loan application.”.
(B)
“If you obtain this loan, the lender will have a mortgage on your home. You could lose your home, and any money you have put into it, if you do not meet your obligations under the loan.”.
(2)

Annual percentage rate

In addition to the disclosures required under paragraph (1), the creditor shall disclose—
(A)
in the case of a credit transaction with a fixed rate of interest, the annual percentage rate and the amount of the regular monthly payment; or
(B)
section 3806 of title 12 in the case of any other credit transaction, the annual percentage rate of the loan, the amount of the regular monthly payment, a statement that the interest rate and monthly payment may increase, and the amount of the maximum monthly payment, based on the maximum interest rate allowed pursuant to .
(b)

Time of disclosures

(1)

In general

The disclosures required by this section shall be given not less than 3 business days prior to consummation of the transaction.

(2)

New disclosures required

(A)

In general

After providing the disclosures required by this section, a creditor may not change the terms of the extension of credit if such changes make the disclosures inaccurate, unless new disclosures are provided that meet the requirements of this section.

(B)

Telephone disclosure

A creditor may provide new disclosures pursuant to subparagraph (A) by telephone, if—
(i)
the change is initiated by the consumer; and
(ii)
at the consummation of the transaction under which the credit is extended—
(I)
the creditor provides to the consumer the new disclosures, in writing; and
(II)
the creditor and consumer certify in writing that the new disclosures were provided by telephone, by not later than 3 days prior to the date of consummation of the transaction.
(3)

No wait for lower rate

If a creditor extends to a consumer a second offer of credit with a lower annual percentage rate, the transaction may be consummated without regard to the period specified in paragraph (1) with respect to the second offer.

(4)

Modifications

The Bureau may, if it finds that such action is necessary to permit homeowners to meet bona fide personal financial emergencies, prescribe regulations authorizing the modification or waiver of rights created under this subsection, to the extent and under the circumstances set forth in those regulations.

(c)

No prepayment penalty

(1)

2
2 So in original. There is no par. (2).
In general 

(A)

Limitation on terms

1A mortgage referred to in section 1602(aa)  of this title may not contain terms under which a consumer must pay a prepayment penalty for paying all or part of the principal before the date on which the principal is due.

(B)

Construction

section 1615(d) of this titleFor purposes of this subsection, any method of computing a refund of unearned scheduled interest is a prepayment penalty if it is less favorable to the consumer than the actuarial method (as that term is defined in ).

(d)

Limitations after default

13

3 So in original. Probably should be “section”.
1section 1615(d) of this titleA mortgage referred to in section 1602(aa)  of this title may not provide for an interest rate applicable after default that is higher than the interest rate that applies before default. If the date of maturity of a mortgage referred to in subsection  1602(aa)  of this title is accelerated due to default and the consumer is entitled to a rebate of interest, that rebate shall be computed by any method that is not less favorable than the actuarial method (as that term is defined in ).

(e)

No balloon payments

No high-cost mortgage may contain a scheduled payment that is more than twice as large as the average of earlier scheduled payments. This subsection shall not apply when the payment schedule is adjusted to the seasonal or irregular income of the consumer.

(f)

No negative amortization

1A mortgage referred to in section 1602(aa)  of this title may not include terms under which the outstanding principal balance will increase at any time over the course of the loan because the regular periodic payments do not cover the full amount of interest due.

(g)

No prepaid payments

1A mortgage referred to in section 1602(aa)  of this title may not include terms under which more than 2 periodic payments required under the loan are consolidated and paid in advance from the loan proceeds provided to the consumer.

(h)

Prohibition on extending credit without regard to payment ability of consumer

1A creditor shall not engage in a pattern or practice of extending credit to consumers under mortgages referred to in section 1602(aa)  of this title based on the consumers’ collateral without regard to the consumers’ repayment ability, including the consumers’ current and expected income, current obligations, and employment.

(i)

Requirements for payments under home improvement contracts

1A creditor shall not make a payment to a contractor under a home improvement contract from amounts extended as credit under a mortgage referred to in section 1602(aa)  of this title, other than—
(1)
in the form of an instrument that is payable to the consumer or jointly to the consumer and the contractor; or
(2)
at the election of the consumer, by a third party escrow agent in accordance with terms established in a written agreement signed by the consumer, the creditor, and the contractor before the date of payment.
(j)

Recommended default

No creditor shall recommend or encourage default on an existing loan or other debt prior to and in connection with the closing or planned closing of a high-cost mortgage that refinances all or any portion of such existing loan or debt.

(k)

Late fees

(1)

In general

No creditor may impose a late payment charge or fee in connection with a high-cost mortgage—
(A)
in an amount in excess of 4 percent of the amount of the payment past due;
(B)
unless the loan documents specifically authorize the charge or fee;
(C)
before the end of the 15-day period beginning on the date the payment is due, or in the case of a loan on which interest on each installment is paid in advance, before the end of the 30-day period beginning on the date the payment is due; or
(D)
more than once with respect to a single late payment.
(2)

Coordination with subsequent late fees

If a payment is otherwise a full payment for the applicable period and is paid on its due date or within an applicable grace period, and the only delinquency or insufficiency of payment is attributable to any late fee or delinquency charge assessed on any earlier payment, no late fee or delinquency charge may be imposed on such payment.

(3)

Failure to make installment payment

If, in the case of a loan agreement the terms of which provide that any payment shall first be applied to any past due principal balance, the consumer fails to make an installment payment and the consumer subsequently resumes making installment payments but has not paid all past due installments, the creditor may impose a separate late payment charge or fee for any principal due (without deduction due to late fees or related fees) until the default is cured.

(l)

Acceleration of debt

No high-cost mortgage may contain a provision which permits the creditor to accelerate the indebtedness, except when repayment of the loan has been accelerated by default in payment, or pursuant to a due-on-sale provision, or pursuant to a material violation of some other provision of the loan document unrelated to payment schedule.

(m)

Restriction on financing points and fees

No creditor may directly or indirectly finance, in connection with any high-cost mortgage, any of the following:
(1)
Any prepayment fee or penalty payable by the consumer in a refinancing transaction if the creditor or an affiliate of the creditor is the noteholder of the note being refinanced.
(2)
Any points or fees.
(n)

Consequence of failure to comply

section 1635 of this titleAny mortgage that contains a provision prohibited by this section shall be deemed a failure to deliver the material disclosures required under this subchapter, for the purpose of .

(o)

“Affiliate” defined

section 1841(k) of title 12For purposes of this section, the term “affiliate” has the same meaning as in .

(p)

Discretionary regulatory authority of Bureau

(1)

Exemptions

The Bureau may, by regulation or order, exempt specific mortgage products or categories of mortgages from any or all of the prohibitions specified in subsections (c) through (i), if the Bureau finds that the exemption—
(A)
is in the interest of the borrowing public; and
(B)
will apply only to products that maintain and strengthen home ownership and equity protection.
(2)

Prohibitions

The Bureau, by regulation or order, shall prohibit acts or practices in connection with—
(A)
mortgage loans that the Bureau finds to be unfair, deceptive, or designed to evade the provisions of this section; and
(B)
refinancing of mortgage loans that the Bureau finds to be associated with abusive lending practices, or that are otherwise not in the interest of the borrower.
(q)

Civil penalties in Federal Trade Commission enforcement actions

lsection 57a of this titleFor purposes of enforcement by the Federal Trade Commission, any violation of a regulation issued by the Bureau pursuant to subsection ()(2) shall be treated as a violation of a rule promulgated under regarding unfair or deceptive acts or practices.

(r)

Prohibitions on evasions, structuring of transactions, and reciprocal arrangements

A creditor may not take any action in connection with a high-cost mortgage—
(1)
to structure a loan transaction as an open-end credit plan or another form of loan for the purpose and with the intent of evading the provisions of this subchapter; or
(2)
to divide any loan transaction into separate parts for the purpose and with the intent of evading provisions of this subchapter.
(s)

Modification and deferral fees prohibited

A creditor, successor in interest, assignee, or any agent of any of the above, may not charge a consumer any fee to modify, renew, extend, or amend a high-cost mortgage, or to defer any payment due under the terms of such mortgage.

(t)

Payoff statement

(1)

Fees

(A)

In general

Except as provided in subparagraph (B), no creditor or servicer may charge a fee for informing or transmitting to any person the balance due to pay off the outstanding balance on a high-cost mortgage.

(B)

Transaction fee

When payoff information referred to in subparagraph (A) is provided by facsimile transmission or by a courier service, a creditor or servicer may charge a processing fee to cover the cost of such transmission or service in an amount not to exceed an amount that is comparable to fees imposed for similar services provided in connection with consumer credit transactions that are secured by the consumer’s principal dwelling and are not high-cost mortgages.

(C)

Fee disclosure

Prior to charging a transaction fee as provided in subparagraph (B), a creditor or servicer shall disclose that payoff balances are available for free pursuant to subparagraph (A).

(D)

Multiple requests

If a creditor or servicer has provided payoff information referred to in subparagraph (A) without charge, other than the transaction fee allowed by subparagraph (B), on 4 occasions during a calendar year, the creditor or servicer may thereafter charge a reasonable fee for providing such information during the remainder of the calendar year.

(2)

Prompt delivery

Payoff balances shall be provided within 5 business days after receiving a request by a consumer or a person authorized by the consumer to obtain such information.

(u)

Pre-loan counseling

(1)

In general

A creditor may not extend credit to a consumer under a high-cost mortgage without first receiving certification from a counselor that is approved by the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, or at the discretion of the Secretary, a State housing finance authority, that the consumer has received counseling on the advisability of the mortgage. Such counselor shall not be employed by the creditor or an affiliate of the creditor or be affiliated with the creditor.

(2)

Disclosures required prior to counseling

12 U.S.C. 2601No counselor may certify that a consumer has received counseling on the advisability of the high-cost mortgage unless the counselor can verify that the consumer has received each statement required (in connection with such loan) by this section or the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act of 1974 [ et seq.] with respect to the transaction.

(3)

Regulations

4

4 So in original. Probably should be “Bureau”.
The Board  may prescribe such regulations as the Board determines to be appropriate to carry out the requirements of paragraph (1).

(v)

Corrections and unintentional violations

A creditor or assignee in a high-cost mortgage who, when acting in good faith, fails to comply with any requirement under this section will not be deemed to have violated such requirement if the creditor or assignee establishes that either—
(1)
within 30 days of the loan closing and prior to the institution of any action, the consumer is notified of or discovers the violation, appropriate restitution is made, and whatever adjustments are necessary are made to the loan to either, at the choice of the consumer—
(A)
make the loan satisfy the requirements of this part; or
(B)
in the case of a high-cost mortgage, change the terms of the loan in a manner beneficial to the consumer so that the loan will no longer be a high-cost mortgage; or
(2)
within 60 days of the creditor’s discovery or receipt of notification of an unintentional violation or bona fide error and prior to the institution of any action, the consumer is notified of the compliance failure, appropriate restitution is made, and whatever adjustments are necessary are made to the loan to either, at the choice of the consumer—
(A)
make the loan satisfy the requirements of this part; or
(B)
in the case of a high-cost mortgage, change the terms of the loan in a manner beneficial so that the loan will no longer be a high-cost mortgage.

Pub. L. 90–321, title I, § 129Pub. L. 103–325, title I, § 152(d)108 Stat. 2191Pub. L. 111–8, div. D, title VI, § 626(c)123 Stat. 679Pub. L. 111–203, title X, § 1100A(2)124 Stat. 2107Pub. L. 115–174, title I, § 109(a)132 Stat. 1305(, as added , , ; amended , , ; , (9), title XIV, §§ 1432, 1433, , , 2109, 2160; , , .)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Section 1602(aa) of this titlesection 1602(bb) of this titlePub. L. 111–203, title X, § 1100A(1)(A)124 Stat. 2107, referred to in text, was redesignated by , , .

Pub. L. 93–53388 Stat. 1724section 2601 of Title 12The Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act of 1974, referred to in subsec. (u)(2), is , , , which is classified principally to chapter 27 (§ 2601 et seq.) of Title 12, Banks and Banking. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under and Tables.

Prior Provisions

Pub. L. 90–321, title I, § 12982 Stat. 156Pub. L. 96–221, title VI, § 614(d)(1)94 Stat. 180section 625 of Pub. L. 96–221section 1602 of this titleA prior section 1639, , , , related to consumer loans not under open end credit plans, prior to repeal by , , . Repeal effective on expiration of two years and six months after , with all regulations, forms, and clauses required to be prescribed to be promulgated at least one year prior to such effective date, and allowing any creditor to comply with any amendments, in accordance with the regulations, forms, and clauses prescribed by the Board prior to such effective date, see , set out as an Effective Date of 1980 Amendment note under .

Amendments

Pub. L. 115–1742018—Subsec. (b)(3), (4). added par. (3) and redesignated former par. (3) as (4).

Pub. L. 111–203, § 1100A(2)2010—, substituted “Bureau” for “Board” wherever appearing.

Pub. L. 111–203, § 1432(a)Subsec. (c)(2). , struck out par. (2) which related to exception to prepayment penalty prohibition.

Pub. L. 111–203, § 1432(b)section 1602(aa) of this titleSubsec. (e). , amended subsec. (e) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “A mortgage referred to in having a term of less than 5 years may not include terms under which the aggregate amount of the regular periodic payments would not fully amortize the outstanding principal balance.”

lPub. L. 111–203, § 1433(a)(2)llSubsecs. (j) to (). , added subsecs. (j) to (). Former subsecs. (j) to () redesignated (n) to (p), respectively.

Pub. L. 111–203, § 1433(a)(2)Subsec. (m). , added subsec. (m). Former subsec. (m) redesignated (q).

Pub. L. 111–203, § 1100A(9)lsection 57a of this title, added subsec. (m) and struck out former subsec. (m). Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “For purposes of enforcement by the Federal Trade Commission, any violation of a regulation issued by the Federal Reserve Board pursuant to subsection ()(2) of this section shall be treated as a violation of a rule promulgated under regarding unfair or deceptive acts or practices.”

Pub. L. 111–203, § 1433(a)(1)Subsecs. (n) to (q). , redesignated former subsecs. (j) to (m) as (n) to (q), respectively.

Pub. L. 111–203, § 1433(b)Subsecs. (r) to (v). –(f), added subsecs. (r) to (v).

Pub. L. 111–82009—Subsec. (m). added subsec. (m).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2010 Amendment

Pub. L. 111–203section 1100H of Pub. L. 111–203section 552a of Title 5Amendment by section 1100A(2), (9) of effective on the designated transfer date, see , set out as a note under , Government Organization and Employees.

Pub. L. 111–203section 1400(c) of Pub. L. 111–203section 1601 of this titleAmendment by sections 1432 and 1433 of effective on the date on which final regulations implementing that amendment take effect, or on the date that is 18 months after the designated transfer date if such regulations have not been issued by that date, see , set out as a note under .