16 U.S.C. § 3831b | Farmable wetland program

(a)

Program required

(1)

In general

During the 2008 through 2023 fiscal years, the Secretary shall carry out a farmable wetland program in each State under which the Secretary shall enroll eligible acreage described in subsection (b).

(2)

Participation among States

The Secretary shall ensure, to the maximum extent practicable, that owners and operators in each State have an equitable opportunity to participate in the program established under this section.

(b)

Eligible acreage

(1)

Wetland and related land

Subject to subsections (c) and (d), an owner or operator may enroll in the conservation reserve, pursuant to the program established under this section, land—

(A)

section 3822(b)(1)(A) of this title that is wetland (including a converted wetland described in ) that had a cropping history during at least 3 of the immediately preceding 10 crop years;

(B)

on which a constructed wetland is to be developed that will receive surface and subsurface flow from row crop agricultural production and is designed to provide nitrogen removal in addition to other wetland functions;

(C)

that was devoted to commercial pond-raised aquaculture in any year during the period of calendar years 2002 through 2007; or

(D)

January 1, 1990December 31, 2002 that, after , and before , was—

(i)

cropped during at least 3 of 10 crop years; and

(ii)

subject to the natural overflow of a prairie wetland.

(2)

Buffer acreage

Subject to subsections (c) and (d), an owner or operator may enroll in the conservation reserve, pursuant to the program established under this section, buffer acreage that—

(A)

with respect to land described in subparagraph (A), (B), or (C) of paragraph (1)—

(i)

is contiguous to such land;

(ii)

is used to protect such land; and

(iii)

is of such width as the Secretary determines is necessary to protect such land, taking into consideration and accommodating the farming practices (including the straightening of boundaries to accommodate machinery) used with respect to the cropland that surrounds such land; and

(B)

with respect to land described in subparagraph (D) of paragraph (1), enhances a wildlife benefit to the extent practicable in terms of upland to wetland ratios, as determined by the Secretary.

(c)

Program limitations

(1)

Acreage limitation

The Secretary may enroll in the conservation reserve, pursuant to the program established under this section, not more than—

(A)

100,000 acres in any State; and

(B)

a total of 750,000 acres.

(2)

Relationship to maximum enrollment

Subject to paragraph (3), any acreage enrolled in the conservation reserve under this section shall be considered acres maintained in the conservation reserve.

(3)

Relationship to other enrolled acreage

Acreage enrolled in the conservation reserve under this section shall not affect for any fiscal year the quantity of—

(A)

March 24, 1998 acreage enrolled to establish conservation buffers as part of the program announced on (63 Fed. Reg. 14109); or

(B)

May 27, 1998 acreage enrolled into the conservation reserve enhancement program announced on (63 Fed. Reg. 28965).

(4)

Review; potential increase in enrollment acreage

The Secretary shall conduct a review of the program established under this section with respect to each State that has enrolled land in the conservation reserve pursuant to the program. As a result of the review, the Secretary may increase the number of acres that may be enrolled in a State under the program to not more than 200,000 acres, notwithstanding paragraph (1)(A).

(d)

Owner or operator enrollment limitations

(1)

Wetland and related land

(A)

Wetlands and constructed wetlands

The maximum size of any land described in subparagraph (A) or (B) of subsection (b)(1) that an owner or operator may enroll in the conservation reserve, pursuant to the program established under this section, shall be 40 contiguous acres.

(B)

Flooded farmland

The maximum size of any land described in subparagraph (D) of subsection (b)(1) that an owner or operator may enroll in the conservation reserve, pursuant to the program established under this section, shall be 20 contiguous acres.

(C)

Coverage

All acres described in subparagraph (A) or (B), including acres that are ineligible for payment, shall be covered by the conservation contract.

(2)

Buffer acreage

The maximum size of any buffer acreage described in subsection (b)(2) that an owner or operator may enroll in the conservation reserve under this section shall be determined by the Secretary in consultation with the State Technical Committee.

(3)

Tracts

Except for land described in subsection (b)(1)(C) and buffer acreage related to such land, the maximum size of any eligible acreage described in subsection (b)(1) in a tract of an owner or operator enrolled in the conservation reserve under this section shall be 40 acres.

(e)

Duties of owners and operators

During the term of a contract entered into under the program established under this section, an owner or operator shall agree—

(1)

to restore the hydrology of the wetland within the eligible acreage to the maximum extent practicable, as determined by the Secretary;

(2)

to establish vegetative cover (which may include emerging vegetation in water and bottomland hardwoods, cypress, and other appropriate tree species) on the eligible acreage, as determined by the Secretary;

(3)

to a general prohibition of commercial use of the enrolled land; and

(4)

section 3832 of this title to carry out other duties described in .

(f)

Duties of the Secretary

(1)

In general

Except as provided in paragraphs (2) and (3), in return for a contract entered into under this section, the Secretary shall—

(A)

make payments to the owner or operator based on rental rates for cropland; and

(B)

provide assistance to the owner or operator in accordance with sections 3833 and 3834 of this title.

(2)

Contract offers and payments

section 3834(d) of this titleThe Secretary shall use the method of determination described in to determine the acceptability of contract offers and the amount of rental payments under this section.

(3)

Incentives

section 3834 of this titleThe amounts payable to owners and operators in the form of rental payments under contracts entered into under this section shall reflect incentives that are provided to owners and operators to enroll filterstrips in the conservation reserve under .

Pub. L. 99–198, title XII, § 1231B Pub. L. 110–234, title II, § 2106(a)(1)May 22, 2008122 Stat. 1029 Pub. L. 110–246, § 4(a)June 18, 2008122 Stat. 1664 Pub. L. 113–79, title II, § 2002Feb. 7, 2014128 Stat. 714 Pub. L. 115–334, title IIDec. 20, 2018132 Stat. 4538(, as added , , , and , title II, § 2106(a)(1), , , 1757; amended , , ; , §§ 2203, 2821(c), , , 4603.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Pub. L. 110–234 Pub. L. 110–246 Pub. L. 110–234 section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246 and enacted identical sections. was repealed by .

Prior Provisions

section 3831(h) of this title Pub. L. 110–246Provisions similar to those comprising this section were contained in prior to repeal by .

Amendments

Pub. L. 115–334, § 2203(1)2018—Subsec. (a)(1). , substituted “2023” for “2018”.

Pub. L. 115–334, § 2821(c)Subsec. (b)(2)(A)(i). , inserted semicolon at end.

Pub. L. 115–334, § 2203(2)Subsec. (f)(2). , substituted “3834(d)” for “3834(d)(2)(A)(ii)”.

Pub. L. 113–79, § 2002(d)(1)2014—, substituted “Farmable wetland program” for “Pilot program for enrollment of wetland and buffer acreage in conservation reserve” in section catchline.

Pub. L. 113–79, § 2002(a)Subsec. (a)(1). , substituted “2018” for “2012” and “a farmable wetland program” for “a program”.

Pub. L. 113–79, § 2002(b)Subsec. (b)(1)(B). , substituted “surface and subsurface flow from row crop agricultural production” for “flow from a row crop agriculture drainage system”.

Pub. L. 113–79, § 2002(c)Subsec. (c)(1)(B). , substituted “750,000” for “1,000,000”.

Pub. L. 113–79, § 2002(d)(2)Subsec. (f)(2). , substituted “section 3834(d)(2)(A)(ii)” for “section 3834(c)(2)(B)”.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Pub. L. 110–234 Pub. L. 110–246May 22, 2008Pub. L. 110–234 section 4 of Pub. L. 110–246 section 8701 of Title 7Enactment of this section and repeal of by effective , the date of enactment of , see , set out as a note under , Agriculture.