US Code

Public Law 119-73 (01/23/2026)

2 U.S.C. § 653

Analysis by Congressional Budget Office

The Director of the Congressional Budget Office shall, to the extent practicable, prepare for each bill or resolution of a public character reported by any committee of the House of Representatives or the Senate (except the Committee on Appropriations of each House), and submit to such committee—
(1)
an estimate of the costs which would be incurred in carrying out such bill or resolution in the fiscal year in which it is to become effective and in each of the 4 fiscal years following such fiscal year, together with the basis for each such estimate;
(2)
a comparison of the estimates of costs described in paragraph (1) with any available estimates of costs made by such committee or by any Federal agency; and
(3)
a description of each method for establishing a Federal financial commitment contained in such bill or resolution.
The estimates, comparison, and description so submitted shall be included in the report accompanying such bill or resolution if timely submitted to such committee before such report is filed.

Pub. L. 93–344, title IV, § 40288 Stat. 320Pub. L. 97–108, § 2(a)95 Stat. 1510Pub. L. 99–177, title II, § 21399 Stat. 1059Pub. L. 104–4, title I, § 104109 Stat. 62Pub. L. 105–33, title X, § 10116(c)(1)111 Stat. 692(, formerly § 403, , ; , , ; , , ; , , ; renumbered § 402, , , .)

Editorial Notes

Codification

section 1353 of Title 31Pub. L. 97–258, § 196 Stat. 877Section was formerly classified to prior to the general revision and enactment of Title 31, Money and Finance, by , , .

Prior Provisions

section 402 of Pub. L. 93–344section 652 of this titlePub. L. 105–33A prior was classified to prior to repeal by .

Amendments

Pub. L. 104–4, § 104(2)1995—Subsec. (a). , struck out subsection designation.

Pub. L. 104–4, § 104(1)(A)Subsec. (a)(2). , (C), redesignated par. (3) as (2) and struck out former par. (2), which read as follows: “an estimate of the cost which would be incurred by State and local governments in carrying out or complying with any significant bill or resolution in the fiscal year in which it is to become effective and in each of the four fiscal years following such fiscal year, together with the basis for each such estimate;”.

Pub. L. 104–4, § 104(1)(C)Subsec. (a)(3). , redesignated par. (4) as (3). Former par. (3) redesignated (2).

Pub. L. 104–4, § 104(1)(B), which directed the substitution of “paragraph (1)” for “paragraphs (1) and (2)”, was executed by making the substitution for “paragraph (1) and (2)” to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Pub. L. 104–4, § 104(1)(C)Subsec. (a)(4). , redesignated par. (4) as (3).

Pub. L. 104–4, § 104(3)Subsecs. (b), (c). , struck out subsecs. (b) and (c) which read as follows:

section 6501 of title 31“(b) For purposes of subsection (a)(2) of this section, the term ‘local government’ has the same meaning as in .

“(c) For purposes of subsection (a)(2) of this section, the term ‘significant bill or resolution’ is defined as any bill or resolution which in the judgment of the Director of the Congressional Budget Office is likely to result in an annual cost to State and local governments of $200,000,000 or more, or is likely to have exceptional fiscal consequences for a geographic region or a particular level of government.”

Pub. L. 99–1771985—Subsec. (a). added par. (4) and substituted “estimates, comparison, and description” for “estimates and comparison” in last sentence.

Pub. L. 97–108, § 2(a)(1)1981—Subsec. (a). –(6), designated existing provisions as subsec. (a), added par. (2), redesignated former par. (2) as (3), in par. (3) as so redesignated, substituted “estimates” for “estimate” in two places, and substituted reference to pars. (1) and (2) for reference to par. (1), and in provision following par. (3) substituted “estimates” for “estimate”.

Pub. L. 97–108, § 2(a)(7)Subsecs. (b) and (c). , added subsecs. (b) and (c).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1995 Amendment

Pub. L. 104–4section 1516 of this titlesection 110 of Pub. L. 104–4section 1511 of this titleAmendment by effective , or on the date 90 days after appropriations are made available as authorized under , whichever is earlier, and applicable to legislation considered on and after such date, see , set out as an Effective Date note under .

Effective Date of 1985 Amendment

Pub. L. 99–177section 275(a)(1) of Pub. L. 99–177section 900 of this titlePub. L. 112–25, title I, § 104(a)125 Stat. 246Amendment by effective , and applicable with respect to fiscal years beginning after , see , formerly set out as an Effective and Termination Dates note under prior to repeal by , , .

Effective Date of 1981 Amendment

Pub. L. 97–108, § 2(b)95 Stat. 1511

“The amendments made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall apply with respect to bills or resolutions reported by committees of the House of Representatives and the Senate after .”
, , , provided that:

Effective Date

Pub. L. 93–344section 601(a) of this titlesection 905(b) of Pub. L. 93–344section 621 of this titleAmendment by effective on day on which first Director of Congressional Budget Office is appointed under , see , formerly set out as an Effective Date note under .

Authorization of Appropriations

Pub. L. 97–108, § 395 Stat. 1511

section 621 of this title“There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary to carry out this Act [amending this section and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and ].”
, , , provided that:

Expiration of Authorization

Pub. L. 97–108, § 495 Stat. 1511Pub. L. 97–108Pub. L. 100–119, title II, § 204101 Stat. 784, , , which provided for expiration on , of authorization granted under , which amended this section and enacted provisions set out as notes under sections 621 and 653 of this title, was repealed by , , .