22 U.S.C. § 3601 | Congressional statement of purpose

It is the purpose of this chapter to provide legislation necessary or desirable for the implementation of the Panama Canal Treaty of 1977 between the United States of America and the Republic of Panama and of the related agreements accompanying that Treaty.

Pub. L. 96–70, § 2Sept. 27, 197993 Stat. 455 (, , .)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Pub. L. 96–70Sept. 27, 197993 Stat. 452 This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original “this Act”, meaning , , , known as the Panama Canal Act of 1979, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note below and Tables.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Pub. L. 96–70, title III, § 3304Sept. 27, 197993 Stat. 500

section 3671 of this title section 3672 of this title section 3672 of this title section 8336 of Title 5 section 8336 of Title 5 section 8339 of Title 5 section 8339 of Title 5 section 3691 of this title section 3691 of this title section 3795 of this title section 3795 of this title section 3843 of this title section 3843 of this title section 3852 of this title section 3852 of this title section 3861 of this titleOct. 1, 1979“Except as provided in sections 1231 [enacting and amending sections 5595, 5724a, and 8102 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees], 1232 [enacting and provisions set out as a note under ], 1241 [amending and enacting provisions set out as notes under ], 1242 [amending and enacting provisions set out as notes under ], 1261 [enacting and provisions set out as a note under ], 1605 [enacting and provisions set out as a note under ], 2203 [enacting and provisions set out as a note under ], 2402 [enacting and provisions set out as a note under ], 3101 [enacting ], and 3201 [amending sections 1101 and 1182 of Title 8, Aliens and Nationality, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 1101 and 1182 of Title 8] of this Act, the preceding provisions of this Act [see Short Title note below] shall take effect on the date on which the Panama Canal Treaty of 1977 enters into force [].”

, , , provided that:

Short Title of 1999 Amendment

Pub. L. 106–65, div. C, title XXXV, § 3501Oct. 5, 1999113 Stat. 974

section 3714a of this title section 3714a of this title“This title [amending and enacting provisions set out as a note under ] may be cited as the ‘Panama Canal Commission Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2000’.”

, , , provided that:

Short Title of 1997 Amendment

Pub. L. 105–85, div. C, title XXXV, § 3511(a)Nov. 18, 1997111 Stat. 2062

Pub. L. 105–85 section 3650 of this title section 5724 of Title 5“This subtitle [subtitle B (§§ 3511–3550) of title XXXV of div. C of , enacting sections 3673, 3861, and 3862 of this title, amending sections 3602, 3612a, 3612b, 3613, 3620, 3622, 3642, 3650, 3652, 3656, 3657, 3658, 3661, 3662, 3664, 3671, 3681, 3701, 3712, 3714b, 3715c, 3731, 3751, 3752, 3771, 3772, 3776, and 3792 of this title and sections 5315, 5724, and 5724a of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, repealing sections 3655, 3659, and 3665 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under and ] may be cited as the ‘Panama Canal Transition Facilitation Act of 1997’.”

, , , provided that:

Short Title of 1996 Amendments

Pub. L. 104–201, div. C, title XXXV, § 3521(a)Sept. 23, 1996110 Stat. 2860

Pub. L. 104–201“This subtitle [subtitle B (§§ 3521–3549) of title XXXV of div. C of , enacting sections 3714b and 3873 of this title, amending sections 3602, 3613, 3614, 3623, 3642, 3649 to 3653, 3657, 3658, 3663, 3664, 3671, 3682, 3712, 3713, 3721, 3723, 3731, 3741, 3751, 3777, and 3811 of this title and sections 3401, 5102, 5342, 5343, 5348, 5373, 5537, 5541, 5924, 6322, and 7901 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, repealing sections 3654, 3683, 3711, 3795, 3801, 3802, 3831, 3841 to 3844, 3851, 3852, and 3861 of this title, enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 3613, 3614, and 3652 of this title, and repealing provisions set out as notes under sections 3795 and 3843 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Panama Canal Act Amendments of 1996’.”

, , , provided that:

Pub. L. 104–106, div. C, title XXXV, § 3521Feb. 10, 1996110 Stat. 638

Pub. L. 104–106 section 9101 of Title 31“This subtitle [subtitle B (§§ 3521–3530) of title XXXV of div. C of , enacting sections 3612a and 3612b of this title and amending sections 3611, 3612, 3645, 3712, 3713, 3723, 3731, 3761, 3775, 3776, 3791, and 3794 of this title and , Money and Finance] may be cited as the ‘Panama Canal Amendments Act of 1995’.”

, , , provided that:

Short Title of 1988 Amendment

Pub. L. 100–705, § 1Nov. 19, 1988102 Stat. 4685

section 3612 of this title“This Act [enacting sections 3715 to 3715d of this title, amending sections 3612, 3712, and 3731 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as a note under ] may be cited as the ‘Panama Canal Commission Compensation Fund Act of 1988’.”

, , , provided that:

Short Title of 1987 Amendment

Pub. L. 100–203, title V, § 5421Dec. 22, 1987101 Stat. 1330–271

Pub. L. 100–203 section 3714 of this title section 8348 of Title 5 section 3683 of this title“This part [part 2 of subtitle E (§§ 5421–5429) of title V of , enacting , amending sections 3683, 3711, 3712, 3713, 3751, 3753, 3754, 3792, and 3793 of this title and , Government Organization and Employees, and enacting provisions set out as a note under ] may be referred to as the ‘Panama Canal Revolving Fund Act’.”

, , , provided that:

Short Title of 1985 Amendment

Pub. L. 99–209, § 1Dec. 23, 198599 Stat. 1716

section 3779 of this title section 3771 of this title“This Act [enacting , amending sections 3771, 3772, and 3774 to 3776 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as a note under ] may be cited as the ‘Panama Canal Amendments Act of 1985’.”

, , , provided that:

Short Title

Pub. L. 96–70, § 1Sept. 27, 197993 Stat. 452

section 2778 of this title section 213 of Title 29 section 3402 of Title 39 section 191b of Title 50“This Act [enacting this chapter, amending , sections 305, 5102, 5316, 5342, 5343, 5348, 5373, 5504, 5533, 5541, 5583, 5595, 5724a, 6301, 6322, 6323, 8102, 8146, 8335, 8336, 8339, 8348, 8701, and 8901 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, sections 1101 and 1182 of Title 8, Aliens and Nationality, , Labor, sections 403, 3401, and 3682 of Title 39, Postal Service, and sections 191, 195, and 196 of Title 50, War and National Defense, repealing and , and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 3601, 3602, 3672, 3691, 3795, 3843, and 3852 of this title, sections 8336 and 8339 of Title 5, and sections 1101 and 1182 of Title 8] may be cited as the ‘Panama Canal Act of 1979’.”

, , , provided that:

Executive Documents

Ex. Ord. No. 12173. Continuing Applicability of Panama Canal Regulations

Nov. 29, 1979Mar. 26, 1980Ex. Ord. No. 12173, , 44 F.R. 69271, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 12203, , 45 F.R. 20451, provided:

Section 301 of Title 376A Stat. 1 Public Law 96–7093 Stat. 452 By the authority vested in me as President of the United States of America by of the United States Code, by the Panama Canal Code (), as amended, and by () [see Short Title note above], and in accordance with the rights granted to the United States of America by the Panama Canal Treaty of 1977 “to manage, operate, and maintain the Panama Canal, its complementary works, installations and equipment and to provide for the orderly transit of vessels through the Panama Canal,” it is hereby ordered as follows:

76A Stat. 6–50 Public Law 96–70September 30, 1979Public Law 96–70 Public Law 96–701–101. All regulations that were adopted by the President or his delegates pursuant to former Title 2 of the Canal Zone Code (), repealed by Section 303(a)(1) [probably should be 3303(a)(1)] of , or actions taken pursuant thereto, that were in effect on , and that address matters which the President is authorized to regulate pursuant to [see Short Title note above], shall remain in effect unless or until amended, superseded, or otherwise terminated by the President or the Panama Canal Commission. This extension shall not apply to the extent that any such regulation or action is inconsistent with the provisions of the Panama Canal Treaty of 1977, its implementing agreements, or .

76A Stat. 1 Public Law 96–7093 Stat. 452 Public Law 96–70May 15, 19801–102. The Secretary of Defense shall exercise the powers and carry out the responsibilities vested in the President of the United States by the Panama Canal Code (), as amended, and (), except for those powers and responsibilities vested in the President by Sections 1102(b), 1103, 1104, 1105(a), 1106(b), 1108, 1109(a), 1112(d), 1243(a)(1), 1321(c), 1344(b), 1504(b), 1601(a), 2206(b) and 3301 of [sections 3612(b), 3613, 3614, 3615(a), 3616(b), 3618, 3619(a), 3622(d), 3681(a)(1), 3731(c), 3754(b), 3784(b), 3791(a), [former] 3844(b) and 3871 of this title]. This delegation shall be effective until .

Jimmy Carter.

Ex. Ord. No. 12215. Delegation of Panama Canal Functions

May 27, 1980Sept. 19, 1988Ex. Ord. No. 12215, , 45 F.R. 36043, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 12652, , 53 F.R. 36775, provided:

76A Stat. 1 93 Stat. 452 22 U.S.C. 3601 Section 301 of Title 3By the authority vested in me as President of the United States of America by the Panama Canal Code (), as amended, by the Panama Canal Act of 1979 (; et seq.), and by of the United States Code, it is hereby ordered as follows:

The Secretary of Defense1–1.

93 Stat. 456 22 U.S.C. 3602(d)1–101. The Secretary of Defense shall develop for the President’s consideration an appropriate legislative proposal as required by Section 3(d) of the Panama Canal Act of 1979 (; ). The Secretary of Defense shall coordinate development of this proposal with the Secretary of State and the heads of other interested Executive agencies.

93 Stat. 464 22 U.S.C. 3652(d)(1)22 U.S.C. 36511–102. The function vested in the President by Section 1212(d)(1) of the Panama Canal Act of 1979 (; ) to exclude employees of, or positions within, the Department of Defense from coverage under any provision of subchapter II, Chapter 2 of Title I of the Panama Canal Act of 1979 [ et seq.], is delegated to the Secretary of Defense.

Section 1281(b) of Title 676A Stat. 455 1–103. The function vested in the President by of the Panama Canal Code (; 6 P.C.C. 1281(b)), as amended, with respect to areas and installations made available to the United States pursuant to the Agreement in Implementation of Article IV of the Panama Canal Treaty of 1977 is delegated to the Secretary of Defense.

93 Stat. 492 22 U.S.C. 38011–104. The function vested in the President by Section 1701 of the Panama Canal Act of 1979 (; ), with respect to regulations applicable within the areas and installations made available to the United States pursuant to the Agreement in Implementation of Article IV of the Panama Canal Treaty of 1977, is delegated to the Secretary of Defense.

93 Stat. 474 22 U.S.C. 3681(c)(1)1–105. The functions vested in the President by Sections 1243(c)(1) and 2401 of the Panama Canal Act of 1979 ( and 495; and 3851) are delegated to the Secretary of Defense.

93 Stat. 488 22 U.S.C. 3782(a)1–106. The functions vested in the President by Section 1502(a) of the Panama Canal Act of 1979 (; ) are delegated to the Secretary of Defense.

Coordination of Pay and Employment Practices1–2.

93 Stat. 463 22 U.S.C. 36511–201. In order to coordinate the policies and activities of agencies under subchapter II of Chapter 2 of Title I of the Panama Canal Act of 1979 (; et seq.), each agency shall periodically consult with the Secretary of Defense with respect to the establishment of rates of pay, in order to develop compatible or unified systems for basic pay. In addition, each agency shall consult with the Secretary of Defense on such other matters as the Secretary may deem appropriate in order to develop compatible or unified employment practices.

93 Stat. 465 22 U.S.C. 36551–202. The head of each agency shall, upon approval by the Secretary of Defense, adopt a schedule of basic pay pursuant to Section 1215 of the Panama Canal Act of 1979 (; ) and adopt regulations governing other matters relating to pay and employment practices.

93 Stat. 467 22 U.S.C. 3663(a)1–203. The authority vested in the President by Section 1223(a) of the Panama Canal Act of 1979 to coordinate the policies and activities of agencies (; ) is delegated to the Secretary of Defense. The Secretary shall exercise such functions in a manner which is in accord with the provisions of Sections 1–201 and 1–202 of this Order.

Panama Canal Commission1–3.

1–301. The functions vested in the President and delegated to the Secretary of Defense in this Section 1–3 of this Order shall be carried out by the Secretary of Defense, who shall, in carrying out the said functions, provide, by redelegation or otherwise, for their performance, in a manner consistent with paragraph 3 of Article III of the Panama Canal Treaty of 1977, by the Panama Canal Commission.

93 Stat. 457 22 U.S.C. 36141–302. The authority of the President under Section 1104 of the Panama Canal Act of 1979 (; ) to fix the compensation of and to define the authorities and duties of the Deputy Administrator and the Chief Engineer is delegated to the Secretary of Defense.

93 Stat. 487 22 U.S.C. 37781–303. The functions vested in the President by Sections 1418, 1801, and 2206 of the Panama Canal Act of 1979 (, 492, and 494; , 3811, and 3844) are delegated to the Secretary of Defense.

93 Stat. 492 22 U.S.C. 38011–304. The authority of the President under Section 1701 of the Panama Canal Act of 1979 (; ) with respect to regulations applicable within the areas and installations made available to the United States pursuant to the Agreement in Implementation of Article III of the Panama Canal Treaty of 1977 is delegated to the Secretary of Defense.

Section 1281(b) of Title 676A Stat. 455 1–305. The function vested in the President by of the Panama Canal Code (; 6 P.C.C. 1281(b)), as amended, with respect to areas and installations in the Republic of Panama made available to the United States pursuant to the Agreement in Implementation of Article III of the Panama Canal Treaty of 1977 is delegated to the Secretary of Defense.

76A Stat. 54 1–306. The functions vested in the President by Sections 82 and 86 of Title 3 of the Panama Canal Code ( and 55; 3 P.C.C. 82 and 86), as amended, are delegated to the Secretary of Defense.

Sept. 19, 1988Jan. 1, 1989[1–307. Rescinded by Ex. Ord. No. 12652, , 53 F.R. 36775, eff. .]

93 Stat. 463 22 U.S.C. 36511–308. Except to the extent heretofore delegated, the functions vested in the President pursuant to subchapter II of Chapter 2 of Title I of the Panama Canal Act of 1979 () [ et seq.] are hereby delegated to the Secretary of Defense.

Other Agencies1–4.

93 Stat. 459 22 U.S.C. 36211–401. The functions vested in the President by Sections 1111 and 3301 of the Panama Canal Act of 1979 ( and 497; and 3871), are delegated to the Secretary of State. The Secretary shall perform these functions in coordination with the Secretary of Defense.

93 Stat. 460 22 U.S.C. 3622(d)1–402. The functions vested in the President by Sections 1112(d), 1344(b), and 1504(b) of the Panama Canal Act of 1979 (, 484, and 488; , 3754(b), and 3784(b)) are delegated to the Secretary of State.

93 Stat. 473 22 U.S.C. 3681(a)(1)1–403. The functions vested in the President by Section 1243(a)(1) of the Panama Canal Act of 1979 (; ) are delegated to the Director of the Office of Personnel Management.

section 301 of Title 31–404. Paragraphs (22) and (23) of Section 1 of Executive Order No. 11609, as amended [set out as a note under , The President], and Executive Order No. 11713 are revoked.

Jimmy Carter.