US Code

Public Law 119-73 (01/23/2026)

28 U.S.C. § 2107

Time for appeal to court of appeals

(a)
Except as otherwise provided in this section, no appeal shall bring any judgment, order or decree in an action, suit or proceeding of a civil nature before a court of appeals for review unless notice of appeal is filed, within thirty days after the entry of such judgment, order or decree.
(b)
In any such action, suit, or proceeding, the time as to all parties shall be 60 days from such entry if one of the parties is—
(1)
the United States;
(2)
a United States agency;
(3)
a United States officer or employee sued in an official capacity; or
(4)
a current or former United States officer or employee sued in an individual capacity for an act or omission occurring in connection with duties performed on behalf of the United States, including all instances in which the United States represents that officer or employee when the judgment, order, or decree is entered or files the appeal for that officer or employee.
(c)
The district court may, upon motion filed not later than 30 days after the expiration of the time otherwise set for bringing appeal, extend the time for appeal upon a showing of excusable neglect or good cause. In addition, if the district court finds—
(1)
that a party entitled to notice of the entry of a judgment or order did not receive such notice from the clerk or any party within 21 days of its entry, and
(2)
that no party would be prejudiced,
the district court may, upon motion filed within 180 days after entry of the judgment or order or within 14 days after receipt of such notice, whichever is earlier, reopen the time for appeal for a period of 14 days from the date of entry of the order reopening the time for appeal.
(d)
This section shall not apply to bankruptcy matters or other proceedings under Title 11.

June 25, 1948, ch. 64662 Stat. 963May 24, 1949, ch. 13963 Stat. 104Pub. L. 95–598, title II, § 24892 Stat. 2672Pub. L. 102–198, § 12105 Stat. 1627Pub. L. 111–16, § 6(3)123 Stat. 1608Pub. L. 112–62, § 3125 Stat. 757(, ; , §§ 107, 108, ; , , ; , , ; , , ; , , .)

Historical and Revision Notes

Act1948

section 1142 of title 26Mar. 3, 1891, ch. 517, § 1126 Stat. 829Mar. 3, 1911, ch. 231, § 12936 Stat. 1134Feb. 13, 1925, ch. 229, § 8(c)43 Stat. 940Feb. 28, 1927, ch. 22844 Stat. 1261Jan. 31, 1928, ch. 14, § 145 Stat. 54Feb. 10, 1939, ch. 2, § 114253 Stat. 165Oct. 21, 1942, ch. 61956 Stat. 957Based on title 28, U.S.C., 1940 ed., §§ 227a, 230, and , U.S.C., 1940 ed., Internal Revenue Code (, ; , ; , ; , ; , ; , ; , title V, § 504(a), (c), ).

section 1142 of title 26section 1292 of this titleSection consolidates sections 227a and 230 of title 28, U.S.C., 1940 ed., with , U.S.C., 1940 ed., Internal Revenue Code. Other provisions of such section 227a are incorporated in .

Section 227a of title 28section 230 of title 28, U.S.C., 1940 ed., provided a time limit of 30 days for appeals from patent-infringement decisions, and , U.S.C., 1940 ed., permitted 3 months for appeals generally. The revised section adopts the 30-day limit in conformity with recommendations of members of the Judicial Conference of the United States and proposed amendment to Rule 73 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure.

Section 1142 of title 26, U.S.C., 1940 ed., provided for 3 months within which to petition for appeal from a decision of The Tax Court. The second paragraph of the revised section reduces this to 60 days for reasons explained above. Other provisions of said section 1142 making a distinction between decisions before and after , were omitted as executed.

Words “in an action, suit, or proceeding of a civil nature” were added in view of Rule 37 of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure prescribing a different limitation for criminal appeals.

Words “notice of appeal is filed” were substituted for provisions of sections 230 of title 28, U.S.C., 1940 ed., and 1142 of title 26, U.S.C., 1940 ed., for petition and allowance of appeal in order to eliminate the useless paper work involved in a pro forma application for appeal and perfunctory allowance of the same. The effect of the section is to require appeals to the courts of appeals in all cases to be taken by filing notice of appeal. See Rule 73(b) of Federal Rules of Civil Procedure.

Mosier v. Federal Reserve Bank of New Yorksection 230 of title 28The case of , C.C.A. 1942, 132 F.2d 710, holds that the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure changing the method of “taking” an appeal, do not affect the time limitation prescribed by , U.S.C., 1940 ed.

Word “order” was added, in two places, after “judgment” so as to make the section cover all appeals of which the courts of appeals have jurisdiction, as set forth in section 1291 et seq. of this title.

section 48 of title 11The last paragraph was added in conformity with , U.S.C., 1940 ed., Bankruptcy, and other sections of that title regulating appellate procedure in bankruptcy matters.

The third paragraph was inserted to conform to the existing practice in Admiralty upon the recommendation of the Committee on the Federal Courts of the New York County Lawyers Association.

section 89 of title 15section 60 of title 35section 2601 of this titleThe time for appeal to the Court of Customs and Patent Appeals in patent and trade-mark cases is governed by , U.S.C., 1940 ed., Commerce and Trade, and , U.S.C., 1940 ed., Patents, and Rule 25 of the Rules of such court, and, in customs cases, by .

Changes were made in phraseology.

Senate Revision Amendment

section 1142 of title 26By Senate amendment, all provisions relating to the Tax Court were eliminated. Therefore, , U.S.C., Internal Revenue Code, was not one of the sources of this section as finally enacted. However, no change in the text of this section was necessary. See 80th Congress Senate Report No. 1559.

Act1949

section 2107 of title 28This amendment to , U.S.C., restores the former 15-day limitation of time within which to appeal from an interlocutory order in admiralty.

section 2107 of title 28This amendment eliminates as surplusage the words “in any such action, suit or proceeding,” from the fourth paragraph of , U.S.C., and corrects a typographical error in the same paragraph.

Editorial Notes

Amendments

Pub. L. 112–622011—Subsec. (b). added subsec. (b) and struck out former subsec. (b) which read as follows: “In any such action, suit or proceeding in which the United States or an officer or agency thereof is a party, the time as to all parties shall be sixty days from such entry.”

Pub. L. 111–162009—Subsec. (c). substituted “within 14 days” for “within 7 days” in concluding provisions.

Pub. L. 102–1981991— designated first and second pars. as subsecs. (a) and (b), respectively, added subsec. (c), designated fifth par. as subsec. (d), and struck out third and fourth pars. which read as follows:

“In any action, suit or proceeding in admiralty, the notice of appeal shall be filed within ninety days after the entry of the order, judgment or decree appealed from, if it is a final decision, and within fifteen days after its entry if it is an interlocutory decree.

“The district court may extend the time for appeal not exceeding thirty days from the expiration of the original time herein prescribed, upon a showing of excusable neglect based on failure of a party to learn of the entry of the judgment, order or decree.”

Pub. L. 95–598section 402(b) of Pub. L. 95–598section 101 of Title 111978— directed the amendment of section by inserting “or the bankruptcy court” after “district court” and by striking out the final par., which amendment did not become effective pursuant to , as amended, set out as an Effective Date note preceding , Bankruptcy.

1949—Act , restored, in third par., the 15-day limitation of time within which to appeal from an interlocutory order in admiralty, and in fourth par., substituted “The district court may” for “The district court, in any such action, suit, or proceeding, may” and corrected spelling of “excusable”.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2011 Amendment

Pub. L. 112–62, § 4125 Stat. 757

“The amendment made by this Act [amending this section] shall take effect on .”
, , , provided that:

Effective Date of 2009 Amendment

Pub. L. 111–16section 7 of Pub. L. 111–16section 109 of Title 11Amendment by effective , see , set out as a note under , Bankruptcy.

Findings

Pub. L. 112–62, § 2125 Stat. 756

“Congress finds that—
“(1)
section 2107 of title 28 , United States Code, and rule 4 of the Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure provide that the time to appeal for most civil actions is 30 days, but that the appeal time for all parties is 60 days when the parties in the civil action include the United States, a United States officer, or a United States agency;
“(2)
the 60-day period should apply if one of the parties is—
“(A)
the United States;
“(B)
a United States agency;
“(C)
a United States officer or employee sued in an official capacity; or
“(D)
a current or former United States officer or employee sued in an individual capacity for an act or omission occurring in connection with duties performed on behalf of the United States;
“(3)
section 2107 of title 28 , United States Code, and rule 4 of the Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure (as amended to take effect on , in accordance with section 2074 of that title) should uniformly apply the 60-day period to those civil actions relating to a Federal officer or employee sued in an individual capacity for an act or omission occurring in connection with Federal duties;
“(4)
the civil actions to which the 60-day periods should apply include all civil actions in which a legal officer of the United States represents the relevant officer or employee when the judgment or order is entered or in which the United States files the appeal for that officer or employee; and
“(5)
section 2107 of title 28 the application of the 60-day period in , United States Code, and rule 4 of the Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure—
“(A)
is not limited to civil actions in which representation of the United States is provided by the Department of Justice; and
“(B)
includes all civil actions in which the representation of the United States is provided by a Federal legal officer acting in an official capacity, such as civil actions in which a Member, officer, or employee of the Senate or the House of Representatives is represented by the Office of Senate Legal Counsel or the Office of General Counsel of the House of Representatives.”
, , , provided that: