Schedules for premium rates and bases for application; establishment, coverage, etc.
If the amount determined under this subparagraph is not a multiple of $1, such product shall be rounded to the nearest multiple of $1.
such dollar amount for plan years beginning in the preceding calendar year.Premium Rate for Certain Terminated Single-Employer Plans.—
In general .—
Special rule for plans terminated in bankruptcy reorganization .—
Applicable 12-month period .—
In general .—
Plans terminated in bankruptcy reorganization .—
Coordination with section 1307.—
Applicable dollar amount for variable rate premium .—
In general .—
Adjustment for inflation .—
Additional increases .—
Base year .—
CSEC plans .—
Revised schedule; Congressional procedures applicable
Rates for plans for basic benefits
Pub. L. 93–406, title IV, § 400688 Stat. 1010Pub. L. 96–364, title I, § 10594 Stat. 1264Pub. L. 99–272, title XI, § 11005(a)100 Stat. 240–242Pub. L. 100–203, title IX, § 9331(a)101 Stat. 1330–367Pub. L. 101–239, title VII, § 7881(h)103 Stat. 2442Pub. L. 101–508, title XII, § 12021(a)104 Stat. 1388–573Pub. L. 103–465, title VII, § 774(a)(1)108 Stat. 5045Pub. L. 107–147, title IV, § 405(c)116 Stat. 43Pub. L. 108–218, title I, § 101(a)(4)118 Stat. 597Pub. L. 108–311, title IV, § 403(d)118 Stat. 1187Pub. L. 109–171, title VIII, § 8101(a)120 Stat. 180–182Pub. L. 109–280, title III, § 301(a)(3)120 Stat. 919Pub. L. 110–458, title I, § 104(a)122 Stat. 5104Pub. L. 112–141, div. D, title II126 Stat. 849–852Pub. L. 113–67, div. A, title VII, § 703(a)127 Stat. 1190Pub. L. 113–235, div. O, title I, § 131(a)128 Stat. 2796Pub. L. 114–74, title V, § 501(a)129 Stat. 591Pub. L. 116–94, div. O, title II, § 206133 Stat. 3174Pub. L. 117–2, title IX, § 9704(c)135 Stat. 195Pub. L. 117–328, div. T, title III, § 349(a)136 Stat. 5385(, , ; , , ; –(c)(3), , ; , (b), (e), , , 1330–368; , , ; , (b), , ; , (b)(1), (2), , , 5046; , , ; , , ; , , ; –(c), , ; , title IV, §§ 401(a)(1), (b)(1), (2)(A), 405(a), , , 922, 928; , , ; , §§ 40211(b)(3)(C), 40221, 40222, , ; –(d), , , 1191; , , ; –(b)(2), , , 592; , , ; , , ; , (b), , , 5386.)
Editorial Notes
References in Text
Pub. L. 96–364The plan year within which the date of enactment of the Multiemployer Pension Plan Amendments Act of 1980 falls, referred to in subsec. (a)(3)(A)(ii), refers to the plan year within which the date of the enactment of falls, such enactment being approved .
Amendments
Pub. L. 117–328, § 349(b)2022—Subsec. (a)(3)(E)(i). , substituted “subparagraph (I)” for “subparagraph (H)” in introductory provisions.
Pub. L. 117–328, § 349(a)(1)Subsec. (a)(8)(A)(viii). , added cl. (viii).
Pub. L. 117–328, § 349(a)(2)Subsec. (a)(8)(B). , inserted “and before 2024” after “2012” in introductory provisions.
Pub. L. 117–328, § 349(a)(3)Subsec. (a)(8)(D)(vii). , inserted “and before 2024” after “2019”.
Pub. L. 117–2, § 9704(c)(1)(A)2021—Subsec. (a)(3)(A)(vi). , inserted “, and before ” after “,” and struck out “or” at end.
Pub. L. 117–2, § 9704(c)(1)(B)Subsec. (a)(3)(A)(vii). , substituted “, or” for period at end and realigned margins.
Pub. L. 117–2, § 9704(c)(1)(C)Subsec. (a)(3)(A)(viii). , added cl. (viii).
Pub. L. 117–2, § 9704(c)(2)Subsec. (a)(3)(N). , added subpar. (N).
Pub. L. 116–94, § 206(a)(1)section 1060(f)(1) of this title2019—Subsec. (a)(3)(A)(i). , substituted “plan other than a CSEC plan (as defined in )” for “plan,” in introductory provisions.
Pub. L. 116–94, § 206(a)(2)Subsec. (a)(3)(A)(vii). –(4), added cl. (vii).
Pub. L. 116–94, § 206(b)(1)(B)Subsec. (a)(3)(E). , substituted “Except as provided in clause (v), for purposes” for “For purposes” in introductory provisions.
Pub. L. 116–94, § 206(b)(1)(A)Subsec. (a)(3)(E)(v). , added cl. (v).
Pub. L. 116–94, § 206(b)(2)(B)Subsec. (a)(8)(A). , substituted “(B), (C), and (E)” for “(B) and (C)” in introductory provisions.
Pub. L. 116–94, § 206(b)(2)(A)Subsec. (a)(8)(E). , added subpar. (E).
Pub. L. 114–74, § 501(a)(1)2015—Subsec. (a)(3)(A)(i)(VI) to (VIII). , added subcls. (VI) to (VIII).
Pub. L. 114–74, § 501(a)(2)(A)Subsec. (a)(3)(G). , substituted “2019” for “2016” in introductory provisions.
Pub. L. 114–74, § 501(a)(2)(B)Subsec. (a)(3)(G)(i)(II). , substituted “2017” for “2014”.
Pub. L. 114–74, § 501(b)(2)(A)Subsec. (a)(8)(A)(v) to (vii). , added cls. (v) to (vii).
Pub. L. 114–74, § 501(b)(1)(A)Subsec. (a)(8)(C). , substituted “increases” for “increase in 2014 and 2015” in heading.
Pub. L. 114–74, § 501(b)(1)(B)Subsec. (a)(8)(C)(iv) to (vi). –(D), added cls. (iv) to (vi).
Pub. L. 114–74, § 501(b)(2)(B)Subsec. (a)(8)(D)(v) to (vii). , added cls. (v) to (vii).
Pub. L. 113–235, § 131(a)(1)2014—Subsec. (a)(3)(A)(v), (vi). , inserted “and before ,” after “,” in cl. (v) and added cl. (vi).
Pub. L. 113–235, § 131(a)(2)Subsec. (a)(3)(M). , added subpar. (M).
Pub. L. 113–67, § 703(a)(2)2013—Subsec. (a)(3)(A)(i)(III). , inserted “and before ,” after “”.
Pub. L. 113–67, § 703(a)(1)Subsec. (a)(3)(A)(i)(IV), (V). , (3), added subcls. (IV) and (V).
Pub. L. 113–67, § 703(d)(1)(A)Subsec. (a)(3)(E)(i)(I). , struck out “and” at end.
Pub. L. 113–67, § 703(d)(1)(B)Subsec. (a)(3)(E)(i)(II). , inserted “and before 2016” after “2012” and substituted “and” for period at end.
Pub. L. 113–67, § 703(d)(1)(C)Subsec. (a)(3)(E)(i)(III). , added subcl. (III).
Pub. L. 113–67, § 703(b)(2)Subsec. (a)(3)(F). , inserted “and before 2013” after “after 2006” in introductory provisions and struck out “This subparagraph shall not apply to plan years beginning in 2013 or 2014.” at end of concluding provisions.
Pub. L. 113–67, § 703(b)(1)(B)Subsec. (a)(3)(G). , added subpar. (G). Former subpar. (G) redesignated (H).
Pub. L. 113–67, § 703(b)(1)(A)Subsec. (a)(3)(H) to (J). , redesignated subpars. (G) to (I) as (H) to (J), respectively. Former subpar. (J) redesignated (K).
Pub. L. 113–67, § 703(d)(2)(A)Subsec. (a)(3)(K). , inserted “and before 2016” after “2013” in introductory provisions.
Pub. L. 113–67, § 703(b)(1)(A), redesignated subpar. (J) as (K).
Pub. L. 113–67, § 703(d)(2)(B)Subsec. (a)(3)(L). , added subpar. (L).
Pub. L. 113–67, § 703(c)(2)(A)Subsec. (a)(8)(A)(iv). , added cl. (iv).
Pub. L. 113–67, § 703(c)(1)(B)Subsec. (a)(8)(C)(ii). , substituted “$10” for “$5”.
Pub. L. 113–67, § 703(c)(1)Subsec. (a)(8)(C)(iii). , added cl. (iii).
Pub. L. 113–67, § 703(c)(2)(B)Subsec. (a)(8)(D)(iv). , added cl. (iv).
Pub. L. 112–141, § 40221(a)(1)2012—Subsec. (a)(3)(A)(i). , amended cl. (i) generally. Prior to amendment, cl. (i) read as follows: “in the case of a single-employer plan, for plan years beginning after , an amount equal to the sum of $30 plus the additional premium (if any) determined under subparagraph (E) for each individual who is a participant in such plan during the plan year;”.
Pub. L. 112–141, § 40222(a)(1)Subsec. (a)(3)(A)(iv). , inserted “and before ,” after “,”.
Pub. L. 112–141, § 40222(a)(2)Subsec. (a)(3)(A)(v). –(4), added cl. (v).
Pub. L. 112–141, § 40221(b)(3)(A)Subsec. (a)(3)(E)(i). , substituted “for any plan year—” for “for any plan year shall be an amount equal to the amount determined under clause (ii) divided by the number of participants in such plan as of the close of the preceding plan year.” and added subcls. (I) and (II).
Pub. L. 112–141, § 40221(b)(1)Subsec. (a)(3)(E)(ii). , substituted “the applicable dollar amount under paragraph (8)” for “$9.00”.
Pub. L. 112–141, § 40211(b)(3)(C)section 1083(h)(2)(C) of this titlesection 1083(h)(2)(C) of this titleSubsec. (a)(3)(E)(iv). , substituted “ (notwithstanding any regulations issued by the corporation, determined by not taking into account any adjustment under clause (iv) thereof)” for “”.
Pub. L. 112–141, § 40221(a)(2)(B)Subsec. (a)(3)(F). , added at end of concluding provisions “This subparagraph shall not apply to plan years beginning in 2013 or 2014.”
Pub. L. 112–141, § 40221(a)(2)(A)Subsec. (a)(3)(F)(i)(II). , inserted “(2012 in the case of plan years beginning after calendar year 2014)” after “2004”.
Pub. L. 112–141, § 40222(b)Subsec. (a)(3)(I). , added subpar. (I).
Pub. L. 112–141, § 40221(b)(3)(B)Subsec. (a)(3)(J). , added subpar. (J).
Pub. L. 112–141, § 40221(b)(2)Subsec. (a)(8). , added par. (8).
Pub. L. 110–4582008—Subsec. (a)(3)(A)(i). substituted “2005” for “1990”.
Pub. L. 109–171, § 8101(a)(1)(A)2006—Subsec. (a)(3)(A)(i). , substituted “$30” for “$19”.
Pub. L. 109–171, § 8101(a)(2)(A)(i)(I)Subsec. (a)(3)(A)(iii). , inserted “and before ,” after “,” in introductory provisions.
Pub. L. 109–171, § 8101(a)(2)(A)(i)(II)Subsec. (a)(3)(A)(iv). , (ii), added cl. (iv).
Pub. L. 109–171, § 8101(c)Subsec. (a)(3)(B). , substituted “clause (iii) or (iv) of subparagraph (A)” for “subparagraph (A)(iii)”.
Pub. L. 109–280, § 405(a)(1)Subsec. (a)(3)(E)(i). , substituted “Except as provided in subparagraph (H), the additional” for “The additional”.
Pub. L. 109–280, § 401(a)(1)Subsec. (a)(3)(E)(iii). , added cl. (iii) and struck out former cl. (iii), which defined “unfunded vested benefits” for purposes of clause (ii) and set forth provisions relating to the interest rate used in valuing vested benefits, the value of the plan’s assets in the case of any plan year for which the applicable percentage is 100 percent, the applicable percentage in the case of plan years beginning after , and before , and the annual yield taken into account in the case of plan years beginning after , and before .
Pub. L. 109–280, § 301(a)(3)Subsec. (a)(3)(E)(iii)(V). , substituted “2008” for “2006”.
Pub. L. 109–280, § 401(a)(1)section 412(c)(7) of title 26Subsec. (a)(3)(E)(iv). , added cl. (iv) and struck out former cl. (iv) which read as follows: “No premium shall be determined under this subparagraph for any plan year if, as of the close of the preceding plan year, contributions to the plan for the preceding plan year were not less than the full funding limitation for the preceding plan year under .”
Pub. L. 109–171, § 8101(a)(1)(B)Subsec. (a)(3)(F). , added subpar. (F).
Pub. L. 109–171, § 8101(a)(2)(B)Subsec. (a)(3)(G). , added subpar. (G).
Pub. L. 109–280, § 405(a)(2)Subsec. (a)(3)(H). , added subpar. (H).
Pub. L. 109–171, § 8101(b)Subsec. (a)(7). , added par. (7).
Pub. L. 109–280, § 401(b)(2)(A)Subsec. (a)(7)(C)(ii). , substituted “subparagraph (B)” for “subparagraph (B)(i)(I)”.
Pub. L. 109–280, § 401(b)(1)Subsec. (a)(7)(E). , struck out heading and text of subpar. (E). Text read as follows: “Subparagraph (A) shall not apply with respect to any plan terminated after .”
Pub. L. 108–3112004–Subsec. (a)(3)(E)(iii)(IV). , in last sentence, inserted “or this subparagraph” after “this clause” in two places and inserted “(other than sections 1305, 1310, 1311, and 1343 of this title)” after “subsections”.
Pub. L. 108–218Subsec. (a)(3)(E)(iii)(V). added subcl. (V).
Pub. L. 107–1472002—Subsec. (a)(3)(E)(iii)(IV). added subcl. (IV).
Pub. L. 103–465, § 774(b)(1)section 1082(d)(7)(C)(ii)(II) of this title1994—Subsec. (a)(3)(E)(iii). , (2), in subcl. (I), inserted “or (III)” after “subclause (II)”, in subcl. (II), substituted “equal to the applicable percentage” for “equal to 80 percent” and inserted at end “For purposes of this subclause, the applicable percentage is 80 percent for plan years beginning before , 85 percent for plan years beginning after , and before the 1st plan year to which the first tables prescribed under apply, and 100 percent for such 1st plan year and subsequent plan years.”, and added subcl. (III).
Pub. L. 103–465, § 774(a)(1)Subsec. (a)(3)(E)(iv), (v). , redesignated cl. (v) as (iv) and struck out former cl. (iv) which read as follows:
“(iv)(I) Except as provided in this clause, the aggregate increase in the premium payable with respect to any participant by reason of this subparagraph shall not exceed $53.
section 404 of title 26“(II) If an employer made contributions to a plan during 1 or more of the 5 plan years preceding the 1st plan year to which this subparagraph applies in an amount not less than the maximum amount allowable as a deduction with respect to such contributions under , the dollar amount in effect under subclause (I) for the 1st 5 plan years to which this subparagraph applies shall be reduced by $3 for each plan year for which such contributions were made in such amount.”
Pub. L. 101–508, § 12021(a)(1)1990—Subsec. (a)(3)(A)(i). , substituted “for plan years beginning after , an amount equal to the sum of $19” for “for plan years beginning after , an amount equal to the sum of $16”.
Pub. L. 101–508, § 12021(b)(1)Subsec. (a)(3)(E)(ii). , substituted “$9.00” for “$6.00”.
Pub. L. 101–508, § 12021(b)(2)Subsec. (a)(3)(E)(iv)(I). , substituted “$53” for “$34”.
Pub. L. 101–508, § 12021(a)(2)Subsec. (c)(1)(A)(iv). , added cl. (iv).
Pub. L. 101–239, § 7881(h)(1)1989—Subsec. (a)(3)(E)(v). , added cl. (v).
Pub. L. 101–239, § 7881(h)(2)Subsec. (c)(1)(A)(iii). , realigned margin.
Pub. L. 100–203, § 9331(a)1987—Subsec. (a)(3)(A)(i). , substituted “for plan years beginning after , an amount equal to the sum of $16 plus the additional premium (if any) determined under subparagraph (E)” for “for plan years beginning after , an amount equal to $8.50”.
Pub. L. 100–203, § 9331(b)Subsec. (a)(3)(E). , added subpar. (E).
Pub. L. 100–203, § 9331(e)Subsec. (c)(1)(A). , struck out “and” at end of cl. (i), inserted “and before ,” in cl. (ii), and added cl. (iii).
Pub. L. 99–272, § 11005(b)(1)1986—Subsec. (a)(1). , struck out provision that in establishing annual premiums with respect to plans, other than multiemployer plans, pars. (5) and (6) of this subsection, as in effect before , would continue to apply.
Pub. L. 99–272, § 11005(c)(1)Subsec. (a)(2). , substituted “a joint resolution approving such revised schedule is enacted” for “the Congress approves such revised schedule by a concurrent resolution”.
Pub. L. 99–272, § 11005(a)(1)Subsec. (a)(3)(A)(i). , substituted “, an amount equal to $8.50” for “, an amount equal to $2.60”.
Pub. L. 99–272, § 11005(c)(2)Subsec. (a)(4). , substituted “the enactment of a joint resolution” for “approval by the Congress”.
Pub. L. 99–272, § 11005(b)(2)Subsec. (a)(6). , added par. (6).
Pub. L. 99–272, § 11005(c)(3)Subsec. (b)(3). , substituted “joint” for “concurrent” and “The” for “That the Congress favors the” and inserted “is hereby approved”.
Pub. L. 99–272, § 11005(a)(2)Subsec. (c)(1)(A). , amended subpar. (A) generally. Prior to amendment, subpar. (A) read as follows: “in the case of each plan which was not a multiemployer plan in a plan year, an amount equal to $1 for each individual who was a participant in such plan during the plan year, and”.
Pub. L. 96–364, § 105(a)1980—Subsec. (a). , substituted provisions setting forth authority of corporation to prescribe schedules of premium rates and bases for the application of such rates and provisions respecting contents, coverages, alternate schedules, etc., of schedules and application bases, for provisions setting forth authority of corporation to prescribe insurance premium rates and coverage schedules for the application of such rates and provisions respecting contents, coverages, rates, etc., of schedules and premium rates.
Pub. L. 96–364, § 105(b)Subsec. (b). , in par. (1) substituted “(C), (D), or (E)” for “(B) or (C)”, “revised schedule” for “revised coverage schedule”, and “Human Resources” for “Public Welfare”, in par. (3) substituted “revised schedule” for “revised coverage schedule”, and in par. (4) substituted “Human Resources” for “Public Welfare”.
Pub. L. 96–364, § 105(c)Subsec. (c). , added subsec. (c).
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Change of Name
Committee on Education and Labor of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Education and the Workforce of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 5, One Hundred Eighteenth Congress, .
Committee on Labor and Human Resources of Senate changed to Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions of Senate by Senate Resolution No. 20, One Hundred Sixth Congress, .
Effective Date of 2022 Amendment
Pub. L. 117–328, div. T, title III, § 349(c)136 Stat. 5386
Effective Date of 2015 Amendment
Pub. L. 114–74, title V, § 501(b)(3)129 Stat. 593
Effective Date of 2014 Amendment
Pub. L. 113–235, div. O, title I, § 131(d)128 Stat. 2798
Effective Date of 2013 Amendment
Pub. L. 113–67, div. A, title VII, § 703(e)127 Stat. 1192
Effective Date of 2012 Amendment
section 40211(b)(3)(C) of Pub. L. 112–141section 40211(c) of Pub. L. 112–141section 404 of Title 26Amendment by applicable with respect to plan years beginning after , except as otherwise provided, see , set out as a note under , Internal Revenue Code.
Effective Date of 2008 Amendment
Pub. L. 110–458Pub. L. 109–280section 112 of Pub. L. 110–458section 72 of Title 26Amendment by effective as if included in the provisions of to which the amendment relates, except as otherwise provided, see , set out as a note under , Internal Revenue Code.
Effective Date of 2006 Amendment
Pub. L. 109–280, title IV, § 401(a)(2)120 Stat. 922
Pub. L. 109–280, title IV, § 401(b)(2)(B)120 Stat. 922
Pub. L. 109–280, title IV, § 405(b)120 Stat. 929
Pub. L. 109–171, title VIII, § 8101(d)120 Stat. 182
In general .—
Premium rate for certain terminated single-employer plans.—
In general .—
Special rule for plans terminated in bankruptcy .—
Effective Date of 2004 Amendments
Pub. L. 108–311Pub. L. 107–147section 403(f) of Pub. L. 108–311section 56 of Title 26Amendment by effective as if included in the provisions of the Job Creation and Worker Assistance Act of 2002, , to which such amendment relates, see , set out as a note under , Internal Revenue Code.
Pub. L. 108–218section 101(d) of Pub. L. 108–218section 404 of Title 26Amendment by applicable, except as otherwise provided, to plan years beginning after , see , set out as a note under , Internal Revenue Code.
Effective Date of 1994 Amendment
Pub. L. 103–465, title VII, § 774(a)(2)108 Stat. 5045
In general .—
Transition rule .—
For the plan year beginning: | The applicable percentage is: | |
|---|---|---|
on or after | but before | |
July 1, 1994 | July 1, 1995 | 20 percent |
July 1, 1995 | July 1, 1996 | 60 percent.” |
Pub. L. 103–465, title VII, § 774(b)(3)108 Stat. 5046
Effective Date of 1990 Amendment
Pub. L. 101–508, title XII, § 12021(c)104 Stat. 1388–573
Effective Date of 1989 Amendment
Pub. L. 101–239Pub. L. 100–203section 7882 of Pub. L. 101–239section 401 of Title 26Amendment by effective, except as otherwise provided, as if included in the provision of the Pension Protection Act, , §§ 9302–9346, to which such amendment relates, see , set out as a note under , Internal Revenue Code.
Effective Date of 1987 Amendment
Pub. L. 100–203section 9331(f)(1) of Pub. L. 100–203section 1305 of this titleAmendment by applicable to plan years beginning after , see , set out as a note under .
Effective Date of 1986 Amendment
Pub. L. 99–272, title XI, § 11005(d)100 Stat. 242
General rule .—
Special rule .—
Effective Date of 1980 Amendment
Pub. L. 96–364section 1461(e) of this titleAmendment by effective , except as specifically provided, see .
Modification of Transition Rule to Pension Funding Requirements
Pub. L. 109–280section 430 of Title 26For modification of transition rule to pension funding requirements in the case of a plan that was not required to pay a variable rate premium for the plan year beginning in 1996, has not, in any plan year beginning after 1995, merged with another plan (other than a plan sponsored by an employer that was in 1996 within the controlled group of the plan sponsor), and is sponsored by a company that is engaged primarily in the interurban or interstate passenger bus service, see section 115(a)–(c) of , set out as a note under , Internal Revenue Code.
Applicability of This Section to Certain Plans Maintained by Commercial Airlines
section 402 of Pub. L. 109–280section 430 of Title 26For special rules on applicability of this section to certain plans maintained by commercial airlines, see , set out as a note under , Internal Revenue Code.
Transitional Rule
Pub. L. 103–465, title VII, § 774(c)108 Stat. 5046
Pub. L. 99–272, title XI, § 11005(e)100 Stat. 243
Notice of premium increase .—
Due date for unpaid premiums .—
Enforcement .—
Single-Employer Pension Plan Termination Insurance Premium Study
Pub. L. 99–272, title XI, § 11017(a)100 Stat. 276, , , directed Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation to conduct a study of, and submit to an advisory council not later than one year after , a report on the premiums established under the single-employer pension plan termination insurance program under this subchapter, including (1) the long-term stability of the program, (2) alternatives with respect to proposals for changes in the premium levels under such program, (3) methods currently used in projecting future costs, (4) alternative methods of projecting such future costs, (5) methods currently used in determining premiums needed to allocate and adequately fund such future costs, along with any alternative methods of making such premium determinations, and (6) alternative premium bases upon which some or all of such projected future costs would be allocated on an exposure-related or risk-related computation; and further provided for submission of the advisory council’s report to Congress 180 days after submission of the Corporation’s report to the advisory council, as well as the cooperation and consultation with other Federal agencies in compilation of reports.
Studies and Reports Respecting Graduated Premium Rate Schedules and Union Mandated Withdrawals From Multiemployer Pension Plans
Pub. L. 96–364, title IV, § 412(a)94 Stat. 1309, , , directed Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation to conduct a separate study with respect to advantages and disadvantages of establishing a graduated premium rate schedule under this section which is based on risk, and necessity of adopting special rules in cases of union-mandated withdrawal from multiemployer pension plans, and to report to Congress the results of the studies conducted, including its recommendations with respect thereto.