45 U.S.C. § 228a to 228c–1

Editorial Notes

Codification

act Aug. 29, 1935, ch. 812 Pub. L. 93–445, title I, § 101Oct. 16, 197488 Stat. 1305 Sections 228a to 228c–1 were omitted pursuant to the amendment and revision of , by , , , known as the Railroad Retirement Act of 1974.

act Aug. 29, 1935, ch. 812, § 1 June 24, 1937, ch. 382 50 Stat. 307 June 11, 1940, ch. 307, § 1 54 Stat. 264 Aug. 13, 1940, ch. 664 54 Stat. 785 Oct. 10, 1940, ch. 842, § 25 54 Stat. 1100 Apr. 8, 1942, ch. 227, § 13 56 Stat. 209 July 31, 1946, ch. 709 60 Stat. 722 Oct. 30, 1951, ch. 632, § 1 65 Stat. 683 July 18, 1952, ch. 945, § 6(d)(1) 66 Stat. 777 Aug. 31, 1954, ch. 1164 68 Stat. 1038 Sept. 1, 1954, ch. 1206 68 Stat. 1097 Aug. 1, 1956, ch. 836 70 Stat. 836 Aug. 1, 1956, ch. 837 70 Stat. 877 Aug. 30, 1957Pub. L. 85–238, § 4(a)71 Stat. 520 Aug. 28, 1958Pub. L. 85–840, title VII, § 70372 Stat. 1056 Sept. 13, 1960Pub. L. 86–778, title VII, § 70874 Stat. 997 June 30, 1961Pub. L. 87–64, title III, § 30175 Stat. 142 July 30, 1965Pub. L. 89–97, title III, § 326(a)79 Stat. 400 Sept. 29, 1965Pub. L. 89–212, § 2(f)79 Stat. 860 Oct. 30, 1966Pub. L. 89–700, title I, § 10180 Stat. 1079 Feb. 15, 1968Pub. L. 90–257, title I, § 10182 Stat. 16 Oct. 22, 1968Pub. L. 90–624, § 282 Stat. 1316 section 231 of this titleSection 228a, , as restated , pt. I, § 1, ; amended , ; , §§ 1, 3, , 786; , ; , ; , §§ 1, 2, 201 to 204, , 725 to 727; , ; , ; , pt. I, § 1, ; , title IV, § 401(a), ; , title I, § 120(a), ; , title IV, § 408(c), ; , , ; , , ; , , ; , , ; , , ; , , ; , , ; , , ; , , , defined terms for purposes of this subchapter. See .

act Aug. 29, 1935, ch. 812, § 2 June 24, 1937, ch. 382 50 Stat. 309 July 31, 1946, ch. 709 60 Stat. 727 Oct. 30, 1951, ch. 632 65 Stat. 683 Aug. 31, 1954, ch. 1164 68 Stat. 1038 Sept. 1, 1954, ch. 1206 68 Stat. 1097 Aug. 12, 1955, ch. 869, § 1 69 Stat. 715 May 19, 1959Pub. L. 86–2873 Stat. 25 Sept. 22, 1961Pub. L. 87–28575 Stat. 585 Sept. 29, 1965Pub. L. 89–212, § 179 Stat. 858 Oct. 30, 1966Pub. L. 89–699, title II, § 201(a)80 Stat. 1075 Oct. 30, 1966Pub. L. 89–700, title I, § 10280 Stat. 1079 Feb. 15, 1968Pub. L. 90–257, title I82 Stat. 16 Aug. 12, 1970Pub. L. 91–377, § 284 Stat. 791 July 2, 1971Pub. L. 92–46, § 285 Stat. 101 Oct. 4, 1972Pub. L. 92–460, § 1(b)86 Stat. 765 July 10, 1973Pub. L. 93–69, title I87 Stat. 162 section 231a of this titleSection 228b, , as restated , pt. I, § 1, ; amended , §§ 205, 206, , 728; , §§ 2, 3, 5, ; , pt. I, §§ 2, 3, ; , title IV, § 401(b), ; , ; , , pt. I, § 1, ; , , §§ 1, 2, ; , , ; , , ; , , ; ; , §§ 102, 103, ; , , ; , , ; , , (c), ; , , §§ 101, 104(b), (c), , 164, related to eligibility of individuals for annuities under this subchapter. See .

act Aug. 29, 1935, ch. 812, § 3 June 24, 1937, ch. 382 50 Stat. 310 July 31, 1946, ch. 709 60 Stat. 728 June 23, 1948, ch. 608, § 1 62 Stat. 576 Oct. 30, 1951, ch. 632 65 Stat. 684 June 16, 1954, ch. 300, § 1 68 Stat. 250 Aug. 31, 1954, ch. 1164 68 Stat. 1038 Aug. 7, 1956, ch. 1022, § 1 70 Stat. 1076 Sept. 6, 1958Pub. L. 85–92772 Stat. 1778 May 19, 1959Pub. L. 86–2873 Stat. 26 Sept. 13, 1960Pub. L. 86–778, title II, § 211o74 Stat. 958 Oct. 5, 1963Pub. L. 88–133, title I77 Stat. 219 Sept. 29, 1965Pub. L. 89–212, § 3(a)79 Stat. 860 Oct. 30, 1966Pub. L. 89–699, title I, § 180 Stat. 1073 Oct. 30, 1966Pub. L. 89–700, title I, § 10380 Stat. 1080 Feb. 15, 1968Pub. L. 90–257, title I, § 10482 Stat. 17 Mar. 17, 1970Pub. L. 91–21584 Stat. 70 Aug. 12, 1970Pub. L. 91–377, § 184 Stat. 791 July 2, 1971Pub. L. 92–46, § 185 Stat. 101 Oct. 4, 1972Pub. L. 92–460, § 1(a)86 Stat. 765 July 6, 1973Pub. L. 93–58, § 187 Stat. 141 July 10, 1973Pub. L. 93–69, title I, § 104(a)87 Stat. 163 Oct. 16, 1974Pub. L. 93–445, title VI, § 60188 Stat. 1360 section 231b of this titleSection 228c, , as restated , pt. I, § 1, ; amended , §§ 207–211, , 729; , ; ; §§ 6–10, ; , ; , pt. I, §§ 4–7, , 1039; , ; , , pt. I, § 1, ; , , pt. I, § 2, ; , ()(1), ; , , §§ 1, 2, ; , , (b), ; , , title II, § 201(b), (c), , 1075, 1076; , , title III, § 301(i), (iv)(a), , 1088; , , ; , , §§ 1, 2, ; , , , , , ; , , (d), ; , , ; , , ; , , , related to computation of annuities under this subchapter. See .

act Aug. 29, 1935, ch. 812, § 4 June 24, 1937, ch. 382 Oct. 8, 1940, ch. 757 54 Stat. 1014 Apr. 8, 1942, ch. 227 56 Stat. 204–206 July 31, 1946, ch. 709, § 212 60 Stat. 729 Oct. 30, 1951, ch. 632, § 4 65 Stat. 683 Aug. 1, 1956, ch. 837 70 Stat. 876 Oct. 5, 1963Pub. L. 88–133, title I77 Stat. 219 Oct. 30, 1966Pub. L. 89–700, title I, § 10480 Stat. 1081 section 228a of this titleSection 228c–1, , as restated , pt. I, § 1, as added , title VI, pt. II, § 625, ; amended , §§ 1–8, ; , ; , ; , title IV, § 408(a), (b), ; , , §§ 3, 4, ; , , , related to consideration of time spent in military service in computation of annuities. See .

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Annuities, Pensions, and Joint and Survivor Annuity Elections

Act July 31, 1946, ch. 709 60 Stat. 742 July 31, 1946July 31, 1946Jan. 1, 1947Jan. 1, 1947Jan. 1, 1947July 31, 1946, §§ 404–407, , provided that the rights of persons to whom pensions or annuities were awarded before were to be governed by the applicable provisions of law in effect prior to that date, that the election of a joint and survivor annuity made before , by a person to whom the annuity accrued before , was to be given effect as though the provisions of law under which the election was made had continued to be operative, that death payments under sections 219 and 228e of this title, other than survivor annuities pursuant to an election, were to be made only with respect to deaths occurring before , and that any person to whom an annuity accrued before , and who would as of the date of the initial accrual have been entitled to an annuity in a greater amount by reason of the amendments by act , had such amendments been in effect at the date of initial accrual, was to be awarded the annuity in such greater amount without additional application therefor.

Reduction of Annuity Because of Prior Disability Annuity Terminated by Recovery

Act July 31, 1946, ch. 709, § 408 60 Stat. 742 section 228b(a)(3) of this title, , provided that no annuities accruing after July 1946 were to be reduced under in order to compensate for an annuity terminated by recovery from a disability.

Dual Benefit Provision; Retroactive Payment to Survivors

Act June 16, 1954, ch. 300, § 2 68 Stat. 250 July 1, 1954section 228c(b) of this title, , provided that in the case of a decedent dying before , so much of any annuity or pension payment due such decedent under , was to be paid only to the widow or widower of the decedent, if living, or to the child or children of such decedent, in the alternative, if living.

Percentage Adjustment

Pub. L. 92–46, § 4July 2, 197185 Stat. 101 Pub. L. 92–5Mar. 17, 197185 Stat. 5 , , , authorized the Railroad Retirement Board to make certain adjustments in allowance percentages under this subchapter, so that the percentages when applied against certain social security benefits, would result in amounts comparable to those in effect prior to the changes made by , , , known as the Social Security Amendments of 1971.

Recertifications by Railroad Retirement Board

Pub. L. 93–69, § 106July 10, 197387 Stat. 165 Pub. L. 93–69, , , provided that all recertifications required by reason of the amendments made by sections 104 and 105 of were to be made by the Board without application therefor.

Pub. L. 92–460, § 3Oct. 4, 197286 Stat. 766 Pub. L. 92–460, , , provided that all recertifications required by reason of the amendments made by were to be made by the Board without application therefor.

Pub. L. 92–46, § 6July 2, 197185 Stat. 102 Pub. L. 92–46, , , provided that all recertifications required by reason of the amendments made by were to be made by the Board without application therefor.

Pub. L. 91–377, § 4(b)(2)Aug. 12, 197084 Stat. 792 Pub. L. 91–377, , , provided that all recertifications required by reason of the amendments made by to sections 228b, 228c, 228e, and 228o of this title were to be made by the Board without application therefor.

Pub. L. 90–257, § 108(c)Feb. 15, 196882 Stat. 23 Pub. L. 90–257, , , provided that all recertifications required by reason of the amendments made by to sections 228a, 228b, 228c, 228e, and 228j of this title were to be made by the Board without application therefor.

Pub. L. 89–699, § 202(b)Oct. 30, 196680 Stat. 1077 Pub. L. 89–699, , , provided that all recertifications required by reason of the amendments made by were to be made by the Board without application therefor.

Pub. L. 86–28, § 6(b)Mar. 19, 195973 Stat. 28 Pub. L. 86–28section 228z–1 of this title, , , provided that all recertifications required by reason of the amendments made by to sections 228b, 228c, 228e, 228s–1 and the enactment of were to be made by the Board without application therefor.

Act Oct. 30, 1951, ch. 632, § 25(j) 65 Stat. 691 Oct. 30, 1951Oct. 30, 1951, , provided that all recertifications by the Board under act were to be made without applications therefor unless required by reason of section 9 of act , in which case, recertifications were to be made only upon application therefor in such manner and form as the Board was to prescribe.

Act June 23, 1948, ch. 608, § 3 62 Stat. 577 June 23, 1948, , provided in part that all recertifications required by reason of act were to be made by the Board without application therefor.

Restrictions on Establishment of New Annuities and Use of Certain Labor Tactics

Pub. L. 91–215, § 7Mar. 17, 197084 Stat. 72 , , , placed certain limitations on the utilization of particular procedures established under the Railway Labor Act, section 151 et seq. of this title, when alterations in the provisions of this subchapter regarding certain annuity payments were being sought and placed similar limitations on the use of strikes and lockouts as labor practices when such changes were being sought.