47 U.S.C. § 153 | Definitions

For the purposes of this chapter, unless the context otherwise requires—

(1)

Advanced communications services

The term “advanced communications services” means—

(A)

interconnected VoIP service;

(B)

non-interconnected VoIP service;

(C)

electronic messaging service;

(D)

interoperable video conferencing service; and

(E)

any audio or video communications service used by inmates for the purpose of communicating with individuals outside the correctional institution where the inmate is held, regardless of technology used.

(2)

Affiliate

The term “affiliate” means a person that (directly or indirectly) owns or controls, is owned or controlled by, or is under common ownership or control with, another person. For purposes of this paragraph, the term “own” means to own an equity interest (or the equivalent thereof) of more than 10 percent.

(3)

Amateur station

The term “amateur station” means a radio station operated by a duly authorized person interested in radio technique solely with a personal aim and without pecuniary interest.

(4)

AT&T Consent Decree

August 24, 1982August 24, 1982The term “AT&T Consent Decree” means the order entered , in the antitrust action styled United States v. Western Electric, Civil Action No. 82–0192, in the United States District Court for the District of Columbia, and includes any judgment or order with respect to such action entered on or after .

(5)

Bell operating company

The term “Bell operating company”—

(A)

means any of the following companies: Bell Telephone Company of Nevada, Illinois Bell Telephone Company, Indiana Bell Telephone Company, Incorporated, Michigan Bell Telephone Company, New England Telephone and Telegraph Company, New Jersey Bell Telephone Company, New York Telephone Company, U S West Communications Company, South Central Bell Telephone Company, Southern Bell Telephone and Telegraph Company, Southwestern Bell Telephone Company, The Bell Telephone Company of Pennsylvania, The Chesapeake and Potomac Telephone Company, The Chesapeake and Potomac Telephone Company of Maryland, The Chesapeake and Potomac Telephone Company of Virginia, The Chesapeake and Potomac Telephone Company of West Virginia, The Diamond State Telephone Company, The Ohio Bell Telephone Company, The Pacific Telephone and Telegraph Company, or Wisconsin Telephone Company; and

(B)

includes any successor or assign of any such company that provides wireline telephone exchange service; but

(C)

does not include an affiliate of any such company, other than an affiliate described in subparagraph (A) or (B).

(6)

Broadcast station

The term “broadcast station”, “broadcasting station”, or “radio broadcast station” means a radio station equipped to engage in broadcasting as herein defined.

(7)

Broadcasting

The term “broadcasting” means the dissemination of radio communications intended to be received by the public, directly or by the intermediary of relay stations.

(8)

Cable service

section 522 of this titleThe term “cable service” has the meaning given such term in .

(9)

Cable system

section 522 of this titleThe term “cable system” has the meaning given such term in .

(10)

Chain broadcasting

The term “chain broadcasting” means simultaneous broadcasting of an identical program by two or more connected stations.

(11)

Common carrier

The term “common carrier” or “carrier” means any person engaged as a common carrier for hire, in interstate or foreign communication by wire or radio or interstate or foreign radio transmission of energy, except where reference is made to common carriers not subject to this chapter; but a person engaged in radio broadcasting shall not, insofar as such person is so engaged, be deemed a common carrier.

(12)

Connecting carrier

section 152(b) of this titleThe term “connecting carrier” means a carrier described in clauses (2), (3), or (4) of .

(13)

Construction permit

The term “construction permit” or “permit for construction” means that instrument of authorization required by this chapter or the rules and regulations of the Commission made pursuant to this chapter for the construction of a station, or the installation of apparatus, for the transmission of energy, or communications, or signals by radio, by whatever name the instrument may be designated by the Commission.

(14)

Consumer generated media

The term “consumer generated media” means content created and made available by consumers to online websites and services on the Internet, including video, audio, and multimedia content.

(15)

Corporation

The term “corporation” includes any corporation, joint-stock company, or association.

(16)

Customer premises equipment

The term “customer premises equipment” means equipment employed on the premises of a person (other than a carrier) to originate, route, or terminate telecommunications.

(17)

Dialing parity

The term “dialing parity” means that a person that is not an affiliate of a local exchange carrier is able to provide telecommunications services in such a manner that customers have the ability to route automatically, without the use of any access code, their telecommunications to the telecommunications services provider of the customer’s designation from among 2 or more telecommunications services providers (including such local exchange carrier).

(18)

Disability

section 12102 of title 42The term “disability” has the meaning given such term under .

(19)

Electronic messaging service

The term “electronic messaging service” means a service that provides real-time or near real-time non-voice messages in text form between individuals over communications networks.

(20)

Exchange access

The term “exchange access” means the offering of access to telephone exchange services or facilities for the purpose of the origination or termination of telephone toll services.

(21)

Foreign communication

The term “foreign communication” or “foreign transmission” means communication or transmission from or to any place in the United States to or from a foreign country, or between a station in the United States and a mobile station located outside the United States.

(22)

Great Lakes Agreement

The term “Great Lakes Agreement” means the Agreement for the Promotion of Safety on the Great Lakes by Means of Radio in force and the regulations referred to therein.

(23)

Harbor

The term “harbor” or “port” means any place to which ships may resort for shelter or to load or unload passengers or goods, or to obtain fuel, water, or supplies. This term shall apply to such places whether proclaimed public or not and whether natural or artificial.

(24)

Information service

The term “information service” means the offering of a capability for generating, acquiring, storing, transforming, processing, retrieving, utilizing, or making available information via telecommunications, and includes electronic publishing, but does not include any use of any such capability for the management, control, or operation of a telecommunications system or the management of a telecommunications service.

(25)

Interconnected VoIP service

The term “interconnected VoIP service” has the meaning given such term under section 9.3 of title 47, Code of Federal Regulations, as such section may be amended from time to time.

(26)

InterLATA service

The term “interLATA service” means telecommunications between a point located in a local access and transport area and a point located outside such area.

(27)

Interoperable video conferencing service

The term “interoperable video conferencing service” means a service that provides real-time video communications, including audio, to enable users to share information of the user’s choosing.

(28)

Interstate communication

section 223 of this titleThe term “interstate communication” or “interstate transmission” means communication or transmission (A) from any State, Territory, or possession of the United States (other than the Canal Zone), or the District of Columbia, to any other State, Territory, or possession of the United States (other than the Canal Zone), or the District of Columbia, (B) from or to the United States to or from the Canal Zone, insofar as such communication or transmission takes place within the United States, or (C) between points within the United States but through a foreign country; but shall not, with respect to the provisions of subchapter II of this chapter (other than ), include wire or radio communication between points in the same State, Territory, or possession of the United States, or the District of Columbia, through any place outside thereof, if such communication is regulated by a State commission.

(29)

Land station

The term “land station” means a station, other than a mobile station, used for radio communication with mobile stations.

(30)

Licensee

The term “licensee” means the holder of a radio station license granted or continued in force under authority of this chapter.

(31)

Local access and transport area

The term “local access and transport area” or “LATA” means a contiguous geographic area—

(A)

February 8, 1996 established before , by a Bell operating company such that no exchange area includes points within more than 1 metropolitan statistical area, consolidated metropolitan statistical area, or State, except as expressly permitted under the AT&T Consent Decree; or

(B)

February 8, 1996 established or modified by a Bell operating company after , and approved by the Commission.

(32)

Local exchange carrier

section 332(c) of this titleThe term “local exchange carrier” means any person that is engaged in the provision of telephone exchange service or exchange access. Such term does not include a person insofar as such person is engaged in the provision of a commercial mobile service under , except to the extent that the Commission finds that such service should be included in the definition of such term.

(33)

Mobile service

The term “mobile service” means a radio communication service carried on between mobile stations or receivers and land stations, and by mobile stations communicating among themselves, and includes (A) both one-way and two-way radio communication services, (B) a mobile service which provides a regularly interacting group of base, mobile, portable, and associated control and relay stations (whether licensed on an individual, cooperative, or multiple basis) for private one-way or two-way land mobile radio communications by eligible users over designated areas of operation, and (C) any service for which a license is required in a personal communications service established pursuant to the proceeding entitled “Amendment to the Commission’s Rules to Establish New Personal Communications Services” (GEN Docket No. 90–314; ET Docket No. 92–100), or any successor proceeding.

(34)

Mobile station

The term “mobile station” means a radio-communication station capable of being moved and which ordinarily does move.

(35)

Network element

The term “network element” means a facility or equipment used in the provision of a telecommunications service. Such term also includes features, functions, and capabilities that are provided by means of such facility or equipment, including subscriber numbers, databases, signaling systems, and information sufficient for billing and collection or used in the transmission, routing, or other provision of a telecommunications service.

(36)

Non-interconnected VoIP service

The term “non-interconnected VoIP service”—

(A)

means a service that—

(i)

enables real-time voice communications that originate from or terminate to the user’s location using Internet protocol or any successor protocol; and

(ii)

requires Internet protocol compatible customer premises equipment; and

(B)

does not include any service that is an interconnected VoIP service.

(37)

Number portability

The term “number portability” means the ability of users of telecommunications services to retain, at the same location, existing telecommunications numbers without impairment of quality, reliability, or convenience when switching from one telecommunications carrier to another.

(38)

Operator

(A)

The term “operator” on a ship of the United States means, for the purpose of parts II and III of subchapter III of this chapter, a person holding a radio operator’s license of the proper class as prescribed and issued by the Commission.

(B)

“Operator” on a foreign ship means, for the purpose of part II of subchapter III of this chapter, a person holding a certificate as such of the proper class complying with the provisions of the radio regulations annexed to the International Telecommunication Convention in force, or complying with an agreement or treaty between the United States and the country in which the ship is registered.

(39)

Person

The term “person” includes an individual, partnership, association, joint-stock company, trust, or corporation.

(40)

Radio communication

The term “radio communication” or “communication by radio” means the transmission by radio of writing, signs, signals, pictures, and sounds of all kinds, including all instrumentalities, facilities, apparatus, and services (among other things, the receipt, forwarding, and delivery of communications) incidental to such transmission.

(41)

Radio officer

(A)

The term “radio officer” on a ship of the United States means, for the purpose of part II of subchapter III of this chapter, a person holding at least a first or second class radiotelegraph operator’s license as prescribed and issued by the Commission. When such person is employed to operate a radiotelegraph station aboard a ship of the United States, he is also required to be licensed as a “radio officer” in accordance with chapter 71 of title 46.

(B)

“Radio officer” on a foreign ship means, for the purpose of part II of subchapter III of this chapter, a person holding at least a first or second class radiotelegraph operator’s certificate complying with the provisions of the radio regulations annexed to the International Telecommunication Convention in force.

(42)

Radio station

The term “radio station” or “station” means a station equipped to engage in radio communication or radio transmission of energy.

(43)

Radiotelegraph auto alarm

ProvidedThe term “radiotelegraph auto alarm” on a ship of the United States subject to the provisions of part II of subchapter III of this chapter means an automatic alarm receiving apparatus which responds to the radiotelegraph alarm signal and has been approved by the Commission. “Radiotelegraph auto alarm” on a foreign ship means an automatic alarm receiving apparatus which responds to the radiotelegraph alarm signal and has been approved by the government of the country in which the ship is registered: , That the United States and the country in which the ship is registered are parties to the same treaty, convention, or agreement prescribing the requirements for such apparatus. Nothing in this chapter or in any other provision of law shall be construed to require the recognition of a radiotelegraph auto alarm as complying with part II of subchapter III of this chapter, on a foreign ship subject to part II of subchapter III of this chapter, where the country in which the ship is registered and the United States are not parties to the same treaty, convention, or agreement prescribing the requirements for such apparatus.

(44)

Rural telephone company

The term “rural telephone company” means a local exchange carrier operating entity to the extent that such entity—

(A)

provides common carrier service to any local exchange carrier study area that does not include either—

(i)

any incorporated place of 10,000 inhabitants or more, or any part thereof, based on the most recently available population statistics of the Bureau of the Census; or

(ii)

August 10, 1993 any territory, incorporated or unincorporated, included in an urbanized area, as defined by the Bureau of the Census as of ;

(B)

provides telephone exchange service, including exchange access, to fewer than 50,000 access lines;

(C)

provides telephone exchange service to any local exchange carrier study area with fewer than 100,000 access lines; or

(D)

February 8, 1996 has less than 15 percent of its access lines in communities of more than 50,000 on .

(45)

Safety convention

The term “safety convention” means the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea in force and the regulations referred to therein.

(46)

Ship

(A)

The term “ship” or “vessel” includes every description of watercraft or other artificial contrivance, except aircraft, used or capable of being used as a means of transportation on water, whether or not it is actually afloat.

(B)

A ship shall be considered a passenger ship if it carries or is licensed or certificated to carry more than twelve passengers.

(C)

A cargo ship means any ship not a passenger ship.

(D)

A passenger is any person carried on board a ship or vessel except (1) the officers and crew actually employed to man and operate the ship, (2) persons employed to carry on the business of the ship, and (3) persons on board a ship when they are carried, either because of the obligation laid upon the master to carry shipwrecked, distressed, or other persons in like or similar situations or by reason of any circumstance over which neither the master, the owner, nor the charterer (if any) has control.

(E)

“Nuclear ship” means a ship provided with a nuclear powerplant.

(47)

State

The term “State” includes the District of Columbia and the Territories and possessions.

(48)

State commission

The term “State commission” means the commission, board, or official (by whatever name designated) which under the laws of any State has regulatory jurisdiction with respect to intrastate operations of carriers.

(49)

Station license

The term “station license”, “radio station license”, or “license” means that instrument of authorization required by this chapter or the rules and regulations of the Commission made pursuant to this chapter, for the use or operation of apparatus for transmission of energy, or communications, or signals by radio, by whatever name the instrument may be designated by the Commission.

(50)

Telecommunications

The term “telecommunications” means the transmission, between or among points specified by the user, of information of the user’s choosing, without change in the form or content of the information as sent and received.

(51)

Telecommunications carrier

section 226 of this titleThe term “telecommunications carrier” means any provider of telecommunications services, except that such term does not include aggregators of telecommunications services (as defined in ). A telecommunications carrier shall be treated as a common carrier under this chapter only to the extent that it is engaged in providing telecommunications services, except that the Commission shall determine whether the provision of fixed and mobile satellite service shall be treated as common carriage.

(52)

Telecommunications equipment

The term “telecommunications equipment” means equipment, other than customer premises equipment, used by a carrier to provide telecommunications services, and includes software integral to such equipment (including upgrades).

(53)

Telecommunications service

The term “telecommunications service” means the offering of telecommunications for a fee directly to the public, or to such classes of users as to be effectively available directly to the public, regardless of the facilities used.

(54)

Telephone exchange service

The term “telephone exchange service” means (A) service within a telephone exchange, or within a connected system of telephone exchanges within the same exchange area operated to furnish to subscribers intercommunicating service of the character ordinarily furnished by a single exchange, and which is covered by the exchange service charge, or (B) comparable service provided through a system of switches, transmission equipment, or other facilities (or combination thereof) by which a subscriber can originate and terminate a telecommunications service.

(55)

Telephone toll service

The term “telephone toll service” means telephone service between stations in different exchange areas for which there is made a separate charge not included in contracts with subscribers for exchange service.

(56)

Television service

(A)

Analog television service

The term “analog television service” means television service provided pursuant to the transmission standards prescribed by the Commission in section 73.682(a) of its regulations (47 C.F.R. 73.682(a)).

(B)

Digital television service

The term “digital television service” means television service provided pursuant to the transmission standards prescribed by the Commission in section 73.682(d) of its regulations (47 C.F.R. 73.682(d)).

(57)

Transmission of energy by radio

The term “transmission of energy by radio” or “radio transmission of energy” includes both such transmission and all instrumentalities, facilities, and services incidental to such transmission.

(58)

United States

The term “United States” means the several States and Territories, the District of Columbia, and the possessions of the United States, but does not include the Canal Zone.

(59)

Wire communication

The term “wire communication” or “communication by wire” means the transmission of writing, signs, signals, pictures, and sounds of all kinds by aid of wire, cable, or other like connection between the points of origin and reception of such transmission, including all instrumentalities, facilities, apparatus, and services (among other things, the receipt, forwarding, and delivery of communications) incidental to such transmission.

June 19, 1934, ch. 652 48 Stat. 1065 May 20, 1937, ch. 229, § 2 50 Stat. 189July 4, 194660 Stat. 1352 July 16, 1952, ch. 879, § 2 66 Stat. 711 Apr. 27, 1954, ch. 175 68 Stat. 64 Aug. 13, 1954, ch. 729, § 3 68 Stat. 707 Aug. 13, 1954, ch. 735, § 1 68 Stat. 729 Aug. 6, 1956, ch. 973, § 3 70 Stat. 1049 Pub. L. 89–121, § 1Aug. 13, 196579 Stat. 511 Pub. L. 90–299, § 2May 3, 196882 Stat. 112 Pub. L. 97–259, title I, § 120(b)Sept. 13, 198296 Stat. 1097 Pub. L. 103–66, title VI, § 6002(b)(2)(B)(ii)Aug. 10, 1993107 Stat. 396 Pub. L. 104–104, § 3(a)Feb. 8, 1996110 Stat. 58 Pub. L. 105–33, title III, § 3001(b)Aug. 5, 1997111 Stat. 258 Pub. L. 111–260, title I, § 101Oct. 8, 2010124 Stat. 2752 Pub. L. 117–338, § 2(b)Jan. 5, 2023136 Stat. 6156(, title I, § 3, ; , ; Proc. No. 2695, eff. , 11 F.R. 7517, ; , ; , §§ 2, 3, ; , ; , ; , ; , , ; , , ; , , ; , , ; , (c), , , 61; , , ; , , ; , , .)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

act June 19, 1934, ch. 652 48 Stat. 1064 section 609 of this titleThis chapter, referred to in text, was in the original “this Act”, meaning , , known as the Communications Act of 1934, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see and Tables.

section 3602(b) of Title 22For definition of Canal Zone, referred to in pars. (28) and (58), see , Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

Part II of subchapter III of this chapter, referred to in pars. (38), (41), and (43), is classified to section 351 et seq. of this title. Part III of subchapter III of this chapter, referred to in par. (38)(A), is classified to section 381 et seq. of this title.

Codification

May 12, 194846 U.S.C. 229a Pub. L. 98–89, § 2(b)Aug. 26, 198397 Stat. 598In par. (41)(A), “chapter 71 of title 46” substituted for “the Act of (–h)” on authority of , , , section 1 of which enacted Title 46, Shipping.

section 1394 of Title 22July 4, 1946section 1394 of Title 22References to Philippine Islands in pars. (28) and (58) of this section omitted on authority of Proc. No. 2695, issued pursuant to , Foreign Relations and Intercourse, which proclamation recognized the independence of Philippine Islands as of . Proc. No. 2695 is set out under .

Amendments

Pub. L. 117–3382023—Par. (1)(E). added subpar. (E).

Pub. L. 111–2602010— added pars. (53) to (59), reordered pars. in alphabetical order based on headings of pars., and renumbered pars. as so reordered, resulting in the renumbering of pars. (1) to (59) as pars. (2) to (13), (15) to (17), (20) to (24), (26), (28) to (35), (37) to (59), (1), (14), (18), (19), (25), (36), and (27), respectively.

Pub. L. 105–331997—Pars. (49) to (52). added par. (49) and redesignated former pars. (49) to (51) as (50) to (52), respectively.

Pub. L. 104–104, § 3(a)(2)1996—, (c)(4)–(8), redesignated subsecs. (a) to (ff) as pars. (1) to (32), respectively, realigned margins, inserted headings and words “The term”, changed capitalization, added pars. (33) to (51), reordered pars. in alphabetical order based on headings of pars., and renumbered pars. as so reordered.

Pub. L. 104–104, § 3(c)(1)Subsecs. (e), (n). , redesignated clauses (1) to (3) as (A) to (C), respectively.

Pub. L. 104–104, § 3(a)(1)Subsec. (r). , designated existing provisions as subpar. (A) and added subpar. (B).

Pub. L. 104–104, § 3(c)(2)Subsec. (w). , redesignated pars. (1) to (5) as subpars. (A) to (E), respectively.

Pub. L. 104–104, § 3(c)(3)Subsecs. (y), (z). , redesignated pars. (1) and (2) as subpars. (A) and (B), respectively.

Pub. L. 103–66, § 6002(b)(2)(B)(ii)(I)1993—Subsec. (n). , inserted cl. (1) designation and added cls. (2) and (3).

Pub. L. 103–66, § 6002(b)(2)(B)(ii)(II)Subsec. (gg). , struck out subsec. (gg) which read as follows: “ ‘Private land mobile service’ means a mobile service which provides a regularly interacting group of base, mobile, portable, and associated control and relay stations (whether licensed on an individual, cooperative, or multiple basis) for private one-way or two-way land mobile radio communications by eligible users over designated areas of operation.”

Pub. L. 97–259, § 120(b)(2)1982—Subsec. (n). , substituted “a radio” for “the radio”, inserted “or receivers” after “between mobile stations”, and inserted provision that “mobile service” includes both one-way and two-way radio communication services.

Pub. L. 97–259, § 120(b)(1)Subsec. (gg). , added subsec. (gg).

Pub. L. 90–299 section 223 of this title1968—Subsec. (e). inserted “(other than )” after “subchapter II of this chapter”.

Pub. L. 89–121, § 1(1)1965—Subsec. (w)(5). , added par. (5).

Pub. L. 89–121, § 1(2)Subsec. (x). , among other changes, substituted “radiotelegraph auto alarm” for “auto-alarm” wherever appearing, “receiving apparatus which responds to the radiotelegraph alarm signal” for “receiver” in two places, and “country in which the ship is registered” for “country to which the ship belongs” and for “country of origin”.

Pub. L. 89–121, § 1(3)Subsec. (y). , struck out “qualified operator” from pars. (1) and (2), and substituted “country in which the ship is registered” for “country to which the ship belongs”.

Pub. L. 89–121, § 1(4)(D)Subsec. (z). , (E), added subsec. (z) and redesignated former subsec. (z) as (aa).

Pub. L. 89–121, § 1(4)(A)Subsec. (aa). , (D), redesignated former subsec. (z) as (aa) and former subsec. (aa) as (bb).

Pub. L. 89–121, § 1(4)(A)Subsecs. (bb) to (dd). , redesignated former subsecs. (aa) to (cc) as (bb) to (dd) and former subsec. (dd) as (ee).

Pub. L. 89–121, § 1(4)(A)Subsec. (ee). , (B), redesignated former subsec. (dd) as (ee), and repealed former subsec. (ee) which defined “existing installation”.

Pub. L. 89–121, § 1(4)(B)Subsecs. (ff), (gg). , (C), redesignated subsec. (gg) as (ff) and repealed former subsec. (ff) which defined “new installation”.

Aug. 6, 19561956—Subsec. (y)(2). Act , substituted “parts II and III of subchapter III of this chapter” for “part II of subchapter III of this chapter”.

Apr. 27, 19541954—Subsec. (e). Act , § 2, obviated any possible construction that the Commission is empowered to assert common-carrier jurisdiction over point-to-point communication by radio between two points within a single State when the only possible claim that such an operation constitutes an interstate communication rests on the fact that the signal may traverse the territory of another State.

Apr. 27, 1954section 152(b) of this titleSubsec. (u). Act , § 3, inserted reference to clauses (3) and (4) of .

Act Aug. 13, 1954, ch. 729Subsecs. (ee), (ff). , added subsecs. (ee) and (ff).

Act Aug. 13, 1954, ch. 735Subsec. (gg), “Great Lakes Agreement”. , added another subsec. (ee) which for purposes of codification was designated subsec. (gg).

July 16, 19521952—Subsecs. (bb) to (dd). Act , added subsecs. (bb) to (dd).

May 20, 19371937—Subsecs. (w) to (aa). Act , added subsecs. (w) to (aa).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1956 Amendment

Aug. 6, 1956Mar. 1, 1957Aug. 6, 1956section 381 of this titleAmendment by act , effective , see section 4 of act , set out as an Effective Date note under .

Effective Date of 1954 Amendment

act Aug. 13, 1954, ch. 735Nov. 13, 1954Aug. 13, 1954section 507 of this titleAmendment by , effective , see section 6 of act , set out as an Effective Date note under .

Effective Date of 1952 Amendment

July 16, 1952

section 1343 of Title 18 section 609 of this titleJuly 16, 1952“This Act [enacting , Crimes and Criminal Procedure, amending this section and sections 154, 155, 307 to 312, 315, 316, 319, 402, 405, 409, and 410 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and ] shall take effect on the date of its enactment [], but—

“(1)

July 16, 1952 Insofar as the amendments made by this Act to the Communications Act of 1934 [this chapter] provide for procedural changes, requirements imposed by such changes shall not be mandatory as to any agency proceeding (as defined in the Administrative Procedure Act) [see sections 551 et seq. and 701 et seq. of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees] with respect to which hearings have been commenced prior to the date of enactment of this Act [].

“(2)

section 402 of this titleJuly 16, 1952 The amendments made by this Act to section 402 of the Communications Act of 1934 [] (relating to judicial review of orders and decisions of the Commission) shall not apply with respect to any action or appeal which is pending before any court on the date of enactment of this Act [].”

Section 19 of act , provided that:

Limitation on Liability

Pub. L. 111–260, § 2Oct. 8, 2010124 Stat. 2751

“(a)

In General .—

section 609 of this title 47 U.S.C. 151Except as provided in subsection (b), no person shall be liable for a violation of the requirements of this Act [see Short Title of 2010 Amendment note set out under ] (or of the provisions of the Communications Act of 1934 [ et seq.] that are amended or added by this Act) with respect to video programming, online content, applications, services, advanced communications services, or equipment used to provide or access advanced communications services to the extent such person—

“(1)

transmits, routes, or stores in intermediate or transient storage the communications made available through the provision of advanced communications services by a third party; or

“(2)

provides an information location tool, such as a directory, index, reference, pointer, menu, guide, user interface, or hypertext link, through which an end user obtains access to such video programming, online content, applications, services, advanced communications services, or equipment used to provide or access advanced communications services.

“(b)

Exception .—

The limitation on liability under subsection (a) shall not apply to any person who relies on third party applications, services, software, hardware, or equipment to comply with the requirements of this Act (or of the provisions of the Communications Act of 1934 that are amended or added by this Act) with respect to video programming, online content, applications, services, advanced communications services, or equipment used to provide or access advanced communications services.”

, , , provided that:

Proprietary Technology

Pub. L. 111–260, § 3Oct. 8, 2010124 Stat. 2752

section 609 of this title“No action taken by the Federal Communications Commission to implement this Act [see Short Title of 2010 Amendment note set out under ] or any amendment made by this Act shall mandate the use or incorporation of proprietary technology.”

, , , provided that:

Great Lakes Agreement

Feb. 21, 1952Nov. 13, 1954Feb. 26, 1973May 16, 1975The Great Lakes Agreement, referred to in this section, relates to the bilateral Agreement for the Promotion of Safety on the Great Lakes by Means of Radio, signed at Ottawa, Canada, ; entered into force , 3 UST 4926. A subsequent agreement for Promotion of Safety on the Great Lakes by Means of Radio, 1973, was signed at Ottawa, Canada, , and entered into force , 25 UST 935.

Safety Convention

May 31, 1929Nov. 7, 193650 Stat. 1121 section 1602 of Title 33The United States was a party to the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, signed at London , entered into force as to the United States, , , 1306. For subsequent International Conventions for the Safety of Life at Sea to which the United States has been a party, see , Navigation and Navigable Waters, and notes thereunder.

Definitions

Pub. L. 113–200, title I, § 112Dec. 4, 2014128 Stat. 2066

“In this title [amending sections 325, 338, 534, and 543 of this title and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 325, 338, and 534 of this title]:

“(1)

Appropriate congressional committees .—

The term ‘appropriate congressional committees’ means the Committee on Energy and Commerce and the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation and the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate.

“(2)

Commission .—

The term ‘Commission’ means the Federal Communications Commission.”

, , , provided that:

Pub. L. 111–260, title II, § 206Oct. 8, 2010124 Stat. 2776

“In this title [amending sections 303, 330, and 613 of this title and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 303 and 613 of this title]:

“(1)

Advisory committee .—

47 U.S.C. 613The term ‘Advisory Committee’ means the advisory committee established in section 201 [ note].

“(2)

Chairman .—

The term ‘Chairman’ means the Chairman of the Federal Communications Commission.

“(3)

Commission .—

The term ‘Commission’ means the Federal Communications Commission.

“(4)

Emergency information .—

The term ‘emergency information’ has the meaning given such term in section 79.2 of title 47, Code of Federal Regulations.

“(5)

Internet protocol .—

The term ‘Internet protocol’ includes Transmission Control Protocol and a successor protocol or technology to Internet protocol.

“(6)

Navigation device .—

The term ‘navigation device’ has the meaning given such term in section 76.1200 of title 47, Code of Federal Regulations.

“(7)

Video description .—

47 U.S.C. 613The term ‘video description’ has the meaning given such term in section 713 of the Communications Act of 1934 ().

“(8)

Video programming .—

47 U.S.C. 613The term ‘video programming’ has the meaning given such term in section 713 of the Communications Act of 1934 ().”

, , , provided that:

Pub. L. 105–33, title III, § 3001(a)Aug. 5, 1997111 Stat. 258

section 337 of this title section 309 of this title 47 U.S.C. 153“Except as otherwise provided in this title [enacting , amending this section and sections 303, 309, and 923 to 925 of this title, enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 254, 309, and 925 of this title, and repealing provisions set out as a note under ], the terms used in this title have the meanings provided in section 3 of the Communications Act of 1934 (), as amended by this section.”

, , , provided that:

Pub. L. 104–104, § 3(b)Feb. 8, 1996110 Stat. 61

section 609 of this title 47 U.S.C. 153“Except as otherwise provided in this Act [see Short Title of 1996 Amendment note set out under ], the terms used in this Act have the meanings provided in section 3 of the Communications Act of 1934 (), as amended by this section.”

, , , provided that: