US Code

Public Law 119-73 (01/23/2026)

7 U.S.C. § 1445j

Deficiency and land diversion payments

(a)

Deficiency payments

(1)

In general

If the Secretary establishes an acreage limitation program for any of the 1991 through 1997 crops of wheat, feed grains, upland cotton, or rice under this Act and determines that deficiency payments will likely be made for the commodity for the crop, the Secretary shall make advance deficiency payments available to producers for each of the crops.

(2)

Terms and conditions

Advance deficiency payments under paragraph (1) shall be made to the producer under the following terms and conditions:
(A)

Form

Such payments may be made available in the form of—
(i)
cash;
(ii)
commodities owned by the Commodity Credit Corporation and certificates redeemable in a commodity owned by the Commodity Credit Corporation, except that not more than 50 percent of the payments may be made in commodities or the certificates in the case of any producer; or
(iii)
any combination of clauses (i) and (ii).
(B)

Commodities and certificates

If payments are made available to producers as provided for under subparagraph (A)(ii), such producers may elect to receive such payments either in the form of—
(i)
such commodities; or
(ii)
such certificates.
(C)

Maturity

Such a certificate shall be redeemable for a period not to exceed 3 years from the date the certificate is issued.

(D)

Storage

The Commodity Credit Corporation shall pay the cost of storing a commodity that may be received under such a certificate until such time as the certificate is redeemed.

(E)

Timing

The payments shall be made available as soon as practicable after the producer enters into a contract with the Secretary to participate in such program.

(F)

Amounts

The payments shall be made available in such amounts as the Secretary determines appropriate to encourage adequate participation in the program, except that the amount may not exceed an amount determined by multiplying—
(i)
the estimated payment acreage for the crop; by
(ii)
the farm program payment yield for the crop; by
(iii)
(I)
in the case of wheat and feed grains, not less than 40 percent, nor more than 50 percent, of the projected payment rate; and
(II)
in the case of rice and upland cotton, not less than 30 percent, nor more than 50 percent, of the projected payment rate,
as determined by the Secretary.
(G)

Repayment

If the deficiency payment payable to a producer for a crop, as finally determined by the Secretary under this Act, is less than the amount paid to the producer as an advance deficiency payment for the crop under this subsection, the producer shall repay an amount equal to the difference between the amount advanced and the amount finally determined by the Secretary to be payable to the producer as a deficiency payment for the crop concerned.

(H)

Repayment requirement

If the Secretary determines under this Act that deficiency payments will not be made available to producers on a crop with respect to which advance deficiency payments already have been made under this subsection, the producers who received the advance payments shall repay the payments.

(I)

Deadline

Any repayment required under subparagraph (G) or (H) shall be due at the end of the marketing year for the crop with respect to which the payments were made.

(J)

Noncompliance

If a producer fails to comply with requirements established under the acreage limitation program involved after obtaining an advance deficiency payment under this subsection, the producer shall repay immediately the amount of the advance, plus interest thereon in such amount as the Secretary shall prescribe by regulation.

(3)

Regulations

The Secretary may issue such regulations as the Secretary determines necessary to carry out this section.

(4)

Commodity Credit Corporation

The Secretary shall carry out the program authorized by this section through the Commodity Credit Corporation.

(5)

Additional authority

The authority provided in this section shall be in addition to, and not in place of, any authority granted to the Secretary or the Commodity Credit Corporation under any other provision of law.

(b)

Pub. L. 104–127, title I, § 171(b)(2)(G)110 Stat. 938, (c) Repealed. , ,

Oct. 31, 1949, ch. 792Pub. L. 97–253, title I, § 12096 Stat. 766Pub. L. 99–198, title X, § 100299 Stat. 1446Pub. L. 100–203, title I, § 1110101 Stat. 1330–6Pub. L. 101–239, title I, § 1003(b)(1)103 Stat. 2108Pub. L. 101–508, title I, § 1102(d)104 Stat. 1388–2Pub. L. 101–624, title XI104 Stat. 3500Pub. L. 102–237, title I, § 109105 Stat. 1828Pub. L. 103–66, title I, § 1101(b)(1)107 Stat. 314Pub. L. 104–127, title I, § 171(b)(2)(G)110 Stat. 938(, title I, § 114, formerly § 107C, as added , , ; amended , , ; , , ; , , ; , , ; renumbered § 114 and amended , §§ 1121(a), (c), 1161(a)(1), , , 3503, 3520; , , ; , , ; , , .)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

act Oct. 31, 1949, ch. 79263 Stat. 1051section 1421 of this titleThis Act, referred to in subsec. (a)(1), (2)(G), (H), is , , known as the Agricultural Act of 1949, which is classified principally to this chapter (§ 1421 et seq.). For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under and Tables.

Codification

section 1445b–2 of this titlePub. L. 101–624Section was classified to prior to its renumbering by .

Amendments

Pub. L. 104–1271996—Subsecs. (b), (c). struck out subsecs. (b) and (c) which, in subsec. (b), related to land diversion payments to assist in adjusting total national acreage of any of 1991 through 1995 crops of wheat, feed grains, upland cotton, or rice to desirable levels, and, in subsec. (c), related to timing of deficiency payments made available to producers for any of 1991 through 1997 crops of wheat and feed grains.

Pub. L. 103–661993—Subsecs. (a)(1), (c). substituted “1997” for “1995”.

Pub. L. 102–237, § 109(1)1991—Subsec. (c). , substituted “section” for “sections” in introductory provisions.

Pub. L. 102–237, § 109(3)Subsec. (c)(2). , added par. (2) and struck out former par. (2) which read as follows: “Seventy-five percent of the final projected deficiency payment for the crop, reduced by the amount of the advance, shall be made available as soon as practicable after the end of the first 5 months of the applicable marketing year.”

Pub. L. 102–237, § 109(2)Subsec. (c)(3), (4). , (3), added par. (3) and redesignated former par. (3) as (4).

Pub. L. 101–624, § 1121(a)1990—, amended section generally, substituting provisions relating to deficiency and land diversion payments for the 1991 through 1995 crops of wheat, feed grains, upland cotton, and rice for provisions relating to advance deficiency and diversion payments for the 1986 through 1990 crops of wheat, feed grains, upland cotton, and rice.

Pub. L. 101–624, § 1121(c)Pub. L. 99–198, amended . See 1985 Amendment note below.

Pub. L. 101–508Subsec. (c). substituted “wheat and feed grains which payments are calculated as provided in sections 1445b–3a(c)(1)(B)(ii), 1445b–3a(p), or 1444f(c)(1)(B)(ii) of this title” for “wheat, feed grains, and rice which payments are calculated on the basis of the national weighted average market price (or, in the case of rice, the national average market price) for the marketing year for the crop”.

Pub. L. 101–239section 1433d of this title1989—Subsec. (a)(2)(G). temporarily inserted “(taking into consideration any reduction in the payment made under )” and substituted “amount finally” for “amount finallly”. See Effective and Termination Dates of 1989 Amendment note below.

Pub. L. 100–203, § 1110(1)1987—Subsec. (a)(1). , temporarily added par. (1) and struck out former par. (1) which read as follows: “If the Secretary establishes an acreage limitation or set-aside program for any of the 1986 through 1990 crops of wheat, feed grains, upland cotton, or rice under this Act and determines that deficiency payments will likely be made for such commodity for such crop, the Secretary—

“(A) shall make advance deficiency payments available to producres [sic] who agree to participate in such program for the 1986 crop; and

“(B) may make such payments available to such producers for each of the 1987 through 1990 crops.”

See Effective and Termination Dates of 1987 Amendment note below.

Pub. L. 100–203, § 1110(2)Subsec. (a)(2)(F)(iii). , temporarily added cl. (iii) and struck out former cl. (iii) which read as follows: “50 percent of the projected payment rate,”. See Effective and Termination Dates of 1987 Amendment note below.

Pub. L. 99–198Pub. L. 101–624, § 1121(c)1985—, as amended by , amended section generally, substituting provisions relating to advance deficiency and diversion payments for the 1986 through 1990 crops of wheat, feed grains, upland cotton and rice for provisions relating to advance deficiency payments for the 1982 through 1985 crops of wheat, feed grains, upland cotton and rice.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1990 Amendment

Pub. L. 101–624section 1171 of Pub. L. 101–624section 1421 of this titleAmendment by effective beginning with 1991 crop of an agricultural commodity, with provision for prior crops, see , set out as a note under .

Pub. L. 101–508section 1301 of Pub. L. 101–508section 1994 of this titleAmendment by effective , see , set out as a note under .

Effective and Termination Dates of 1989 Amendment

Pub. L. 101–239, title I, § 1003(b)(1)103 Stat. 2108, , , provided that the amendment made by section 1003(b)(1) is effective only for the 1990 crops of wheat, feed grains, upland cotton, and rice.

Effective and Termination Dates of 1987 Amendment

Pub. L. 100–203, title I, § 1110101 Stat. 1330–6, , , provided that the amendment made by section 1110 is effective only for the 1988 through 1990 crops of wheat, feed grains, upland cotton, and rice.

Effective and Termination Dates of 1985 Amendment

section 1002 of Pub. L. 99–198section 1121(c) of Pub. L. 101–624That portion of which provided that the amendment made by that section was effective only for 1986 through 1990 crops of wheat, feed grains, upland cotton, and rice, was struck out by .

Effective and Termination Dates

Pub. L. 97–253, title I, § 12096 Stat. 766, , , provided that this section is effective only for the 1982 through 1985 crops of wheat, feed grains, upland cotton, and rice.

Calculation of Refunds of Advance Established Price Payments by Producers of 1988 or 1989 Crops of Feed Barley

Pub. L. 101–624, title IV, § 405104 Stat. 3420

“(a)

Mandatory Calculation of Refund.—

“(1)

In general .—

7 U.S.C. 1445b–2Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of this Act [], the Secretary of Agriculture shall calculate, for informational purposes only (except as provided in the discretionary authority under subsection (b)), the amount of the refund of any advance deficiency payment a producer of barley who participated in the 1988 or 1989 Federal barley price support program would be required to make pursuant to section 107C of the Agricultural Act of 1949 () (as it existed immediately before the date of enactment of this Act) based on a formula which excludes malting barley from the market price calculations of barley used to determine the amount of refund of the advance deficiency payment required of the producer.
“(2)

Disclosure.—

“(A)

To the public .—

The Secretary shall publish in the Federal Register—
“(i)
the formula used to perform the calculations described in paragraph (1);
“(ii)
the aggregate results that the use of the calculation would have pursuant to subsection (b), in terms of—
     “(I)
the total reduction in the amount of refunds;
     “(II)
the number of producers affected; and
     “(III)
any other information the Secretary determines appropriate;
“(iii)
a declaration of the Secretary’s decision whether to use the calculation to recalculate barley producer’s refunds pursuant to subsection (b); and
“(iv)
a statement of the Secretary’s reasons for the decision described in clause (iii).
“(B)

To producers .—

The Secretary shall make available to each producer of 1988 or 1989 crop barley, on request, a statement detailing the effect of the calculation of refunds described in paragraph (1) on the producer’s 1988 or 1989 refund.
“(b)

Discretionary Use of Calculation.—

“(1)

In general .—

7 U.S.C. 1445b–2The Secretary may use the calculation described in subsection (a) to determine whether or not to reduce the total refund owed by a producer of 1988 or 1989 crop barley under section 107C of the Agricultural Act of 1949 [] (as it existed immediately before the date of enactment of this Act []).
“(2)

Procedure for use of calculation .—

If the Secretary decides to use the calculation described in subsection (a) as provided under paragraph (1), in the case of a producer of 1988 or 1989 crop barley who paid the refund of the advance deficiency payment for the crop calculated prior to the date of enactment of this Act (or any amount of refund in excess of the amount of the refund determined in accordance with paragraph (1)), the Secretary—
“(i)
shall, before , reimburse the producer the amount of refund paid by the producer in excess of the refund determined in accordance with this section;
“(ii)
shall have the option to make the reimbursement in a lump sum or in installments;
“(iii)
shall, not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of this Act, notify producers who are eligible to receive the reimbursement of their 1988 or 1989 advance deficiency payment refund under this section—
“(I)
of the timing of the payment of the reimbursement (either in lump sum or in installments);
“(II)
that the amount of the reimbursement shall not bear interest if paid before ; and
“(III)
that the amount of the reimbursement paid after , shall bear interest at a rate of at least 7 percent per annum; and
“(iv)
may elect to pay the reimbursement in a lump sum with generic certificates redeemable for commodities owned by the Commodity Credit Corporation if the reimbursement is paid in full not later than 60 days after the date of enactment of this Act.”
, , , provided that:

Repayment Requirements

Pub. L. 101–624, title XI, § 1121(b)104 Stat. 3502

“(1)

In general .—

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, effective only for producers who are suffering financial hardship, as determined by the Secretary, on a farm who received an advance deficiency payment for the 1988 or 1989 crop of a commodity and are otherwise described in paragraph (2), the Secretary of Agriculture—
“(A)
shall not charge an annual interest rate for any delinquent refund for the advance deficiency payment in excess of prevailing rates for operating loans made by Farm Credit System institutions;
“(B)
shall not withhold, in each of the 3 succeeding crop years, more than ⅓ of the farm program payments otherwise due to the producers, as a result of any delinquency in providing the refund; and
“(C)
7 U.S.C. 1421§ 107 of Pub. L. 101–827 U.S.C. 1421 shall permit the producers to make the refund in three equal installments during each of the crop years 1990, 1991, and 1992, if the producers enter into an agreement to obtain multiperil crop insurance for each of the crop years, to the extent that the Secretary determines is similar to section 107 of the Disaster Assistance Act of 1989 ( et seq.) [, note].
“(2)

Application .—

This subparagraph shall apply if—
“(A)
7 U.S.C. 1445b–2(a) the producers received an advance deficiency payment for the 1988 or 1989 crop of a commodity under section 107C(a) of the Agricultural Act of 1949 ();
“(B)
the producers are required to provide a refund of at least $1,500 under subparagraph (G) or (H) of section 107C(a)(2) of such Act with respect to the advance deficiency payments;
“(C)
42 U.S.C. 5121 the producers reside in a county, or in a county that is contiguous to a county, where the Secretary of Agriculture has found that farming, ranching, or aquaculture operations have been substantially affected as evidenced by a reduction in normal production for the county of at least 30 percent during two of the three crop years 1988, 1989, and 1990 by a natural disaster or by a major disaster or emergency designated by the President under the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act ( et seq.); and
“(D)
the total quantity of the 1988 or 1989 crop of the commodity that the producers were able to harvest is less than the result of multiplying 65 percent of the farm payment yield established by the Secretary for the crop by the sum of the acreage planted for the harvest and the acreage prevented from being planted (because of the disaster or emergency referred to in subparagraph (C)) for the crop.”
, , , provided that:

Advance Deficiency Payments

Pub. L. 99–509, title I, § 1021100 Stat. 1877, , , required Secretary of Agriculture to make advance deficiency payments available for 1987 crops of wheat, feed grains, upland cotton, and rice, and provided that percentage of projected payment rate used in computing such payments shall not be less than (1) 40 percent in the case of wheat and feed grains, and (2) 30 percent in the case of rice and upland cotton.