10 U.S.C. § 2684a | Agreements to limit encroachments and other constraints on military training, testing, and operations

(a)

Agreements Authorized .—

The Secretary of Defense or the Secretary of a military department may enter into an agreement with an eligible entity or entities described in subsection (b) to address the use or development of real property in the vicinity of, or ecologically related to, a military installation, as well as a State-owned National Guard installation, or military airspace for purposes of—

(1)

limiting any development or use of the property that would be incompatible with the mission of the installation;

(2)

preserving habitat on the property in a manner that—

(A)

is compatible with environmental requirements; and

(B)

may eliminate or relieve current or anticipated environmental restrictions that would or might otherwise restrict, impede, or otherwise interfere, whether directly or indirectly, with current or anticipated military training, testing, or operations on the installation;

(3)

maintaining or improving military installation resilience; or

(4)

protecting Clear Zone Areas from use or encroachment that is incompatible with the mission of the installation.

(b)

Eligible Entities .—

For purposes of this section, an eligible entity is any of the following:

(1)

A State or political subdivision of a State.

(2)

A private entity that has as its stated principal organizational purpose or goal the conservation, restoration, or preservation of land and natural resources, or a similar purpose or goal, as determined by the Secretary concerned.

(c)

Authority to Coordinate .—

(1)

In entering into an agreement under subsection (a) or undertaking a project under such agreement, the Secretary of Defense or the Secretary of a military department, as the case may be, may coordinate with any other covered official with an interest in the activities proposed to be undertaken under such agreement.

(2)

In this subsection, the term “covered official” means a Secretary concerned, the Director of the Army National Guard, or the Director of the Air National Guard.

(d)

Inapplicability of Certain Contract Requirements .—

Notwithstanding chapter 63 of title 31, an agreement under this section that is a cooperative agreement or a grant may be used to acquire property or services for the direct benefit or use of the United States Government.

(e)

Acquisition and Acceptance of Property and Interests .—

(1)

An agreement with an eligible entity or entities under this section shall provide for—

(A)

the acquisition by an eligible entity or entities of all right, title, and interest in and to any real property, or any lesser interest in the property, as may be appropriate for purposes of this section; and

(B)

the sharing by the United States and an eligible entity or entities of the acquisition costs in accordance with paragraph (3).

(2)

Property or interests may not be acquired pursuant to the agreement unless the owner of the property or interests consents to the acquisition.

(3)

An agreement with an eligible entity under this section may provide for the management of natural resources on, and the monitoring and enforcement of any right, title, real property in which the Secretary concerned acquires any right, title, or interest in accordance with this subsection and for the payment by the United States of all or a portion of the costs of such natural resource management and monitoring and enforcement if the Secretary concerned determines that there is a demonstrated need to preserve or restore habitat for the purpose described in subsection (a)(2). Any such payment by the United States—

(A)

may be paid in a lump sum and include an amount intended to cover the future costs of natural resource management and monitoring and enforcement; and

(B)

may be placed by the eligible entity in an interest-bearing account, and any interest shall be applied for the same purposes as the principal.

(4)

(A)

The Secretary concerned shall determine the appropriate portion of the acquisition costs to be borne by the United States in the sharing of acquisition costs of real property, or an interest in real property, under paragraph (1)(B).

(B)

section 2869 of this title In lieu of or in addition to making a monetary contribution toward the cost of acquiring a parcel of real property, or an interest therein, pursuant to an agreement under this section, the Secretary concerned may convey, using the authority provided by , real property described in paragraph (2) of subsection (a) of such section, subject to the limitation in paragraph (3) of such subsection.

(C)

The portion of acquisition costs borne by the United States under subparagraph (A), either through the contribution of funds or excess real property, or both, may not exceed an amount equal to, at the discretion of the Secretary concerned—

(i)

the fair market value of any property or interest in property to be transferred to the United States upon the request of the Secretary concerned under paragraph (5); or

(ii)

the cumulative fair market value of all properties or interests to be transferred to the United States under paragraph (5) pursuant to an agreement under subsection (a).

(D)

The portion of acquisition costs borne by the United States under subparagraph (A) may exceed the amount determined under subparagraph (C), but only if—

(i)

section 480 of this title the Secretary concerned submits, in an electronic medium pursuant to , a notice to the Committee on Armed Services of the Senate and the Committee on Armed Services of the House of Representatives containing—

(I)

a certification by the Secretary that the military value to the United States of the property or interest to be acquired justifies a payment in excess of the fair market value of the property or interest; and

(II)

a description of the military value to be obtained; and

(ii)

the contribution toward the acquisition costs of the property or interest is not made until at least 10 days after the date on which the notice is submitted under clause (i).

(E)

The contribution of an entity or entities to the acquisition costs of real property, or an interest in real property, under paragraph (1)(B) may include, with the approval of the Secretary concerned, the following or any combination of the following:

(i)

The provision of funds, including funds received by such entity or entities from a Federal agency outside the Department of Defense or a State or local government in connection with a Federal, State, or local program.

(ii)

The provision of in-kind services, including services related to the acquisition or maintenance of such real property or interest in real property.

(iii)

The exchange or donation of real property or any interest in real property.

(5)

(A)

The agreement shall require the entity or entities to transfer to the United States, upon the request of the Secretary concerned, all or a portion of the property or interest acquired under the agreement or a lesser interest therein. No such requirement need be included in the agreement if the property or interest is being transferred to a State or another Federal agency, or the agreement requires it to be subsequently transferred to a State or another Federal agency, and the Secretary concerned determines that the laws and regulations applicable to the future use of such property or interest provide adequate assurance that the property concerned will be developed and used in a manner appropriate for purposes of this section. The Secretary shall limit such transfer request to the minimum property or interests necessary to ensure that the property concerned is developed and used in a manner appropriate for purposes of this section.

(B)

Notwithstanding subparagraph (A), if all or a portion of the property or interest acquired under the agreement is initially or subsequently transferred to a State or another Federal agency, before that State or other Federal agency may declare the property or interest in excess to its needs or propose to exchange the property or interest, the State or other Federal agency shall give the Secretary concerned reasonable advance notice of its intent. If the Secretary concerned determines it necessary to preserve the purposes of this section, the Secretary concerned may request that administrative jurisdiction over the property be transferred to the Secretary concerned at no cost, and, upon such a request being made, the administrative jurisdiction over the property shall be transferred accordingly. If the Secretary concerned does not make such a request within a reasonable time period, all such rights of the Secretary concerned to request transfer of the property or interest shall remain available to the Secretary concerned with respect to future transfers or exchanges of the property or interest and shall bind all subsequent transferees.

(6)

The Secretary concerned may accept on behalf of the United States any property or interest to be transferred to the United States under the agreement.

(7)

42 U.S.C. 4651 section 3111 of title 40 For purposes of the acceptance of property or interests under the agreement, the Secretary concerned may accept an appraisal or title documents prepared or adopted by a non-Federal entity as satisfying the applicable requirements of section 301 of the Uniform Relocation Assistance and Real Property Acquisition Policies Act of 1970 () or , if the Secretary concerned finds that the appraisal or title documents substantially comply with the requirements.

(f)

Acquisition of Water Rights .—

The authority of the Secretary concerned to enter into an agreement under this section for the acquisition of real property (or an interest therein) includes the authority to support the purchase of water rights from any available source when necessary to support or protect the mission of a military installation.

(g)

Additional Terms and Conditions .—

The Secretary concerned may require such additional terms and conditions in an agreement under this section as the Secretary considers appropriate to protect the interests of the United States.

(h)

Annual Reports .—

(1)

Not later than March 1 each year, the Secretary of Defense shall, in coordination with the Secretaries of the military departments and the Director of the Department of Defense Test Resource Management Center, submit to the Committees on Armed Services of the Senate and the House of Representatives a report on the projects undertaken under agreements under this section.

(2)

Each report under paragraph (1) shall include the following:

(A)

A description of the status of the projects undertaken under agreements under this section.

(B)

An assessment of the effectiveness of such projects, and other actions taken pursuant to this section, as part of a long-term strategy to ensure the sustainability of military test and training ranges, military installations, and associated airspace.

(C)

An evaluation of the methodology and criteria used to select, and to establish priorities, for projects undertaken under agreements under this section.

(D)

A description of any sharing of costs by the United States and eligible entities under subsection (e) during the preceding year, including a description of each agreement under this section providing for the sharing of such costs and a statement of the eligible entity or entities with which the United States is sharing such costs.

(E)

section 2693 of this title Information concerning the activities undertaken pursuant to the Sentinel Landscapes Partnership under .

(F)

Such recommendations as the Secretary of Defense considers appropriate for legislative or administrative action in order to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of actions taken pursuant to agreements under this section.

(i)

Interagency Cooperation in Conservation and Resilience Programs to Avoid or Reduce Adverse Impacts on Military Installation Resilience and Military Readiness Activities .—

16 U.S.C. 670In order to facilitate interagency cooperation and enhance the effectiveness of actions that will protect the environment, military installation resilience, and military readiness, the recipient of funds provided pursuant to an agreement under this section or under the Sikes Act ( et seq.) may, with regard to the lands and waters within the scope of the agreement, use such funds to satisfy any matching funds or cost-sharing requirement of any conservation or resilience program of any Federal agency notwithstanding any limitation of such program on the source of matching or cost-sharing funds.

(j)

Funding .—

(1)

Except as provided in paragraph (2), funds authorized to be appropriated for operation and maintenance of the Army, Navy, Marine Corps, Air Force, Space Force, or Defense-wide activities may be used to enter into agreements under this section.

(2)

In the case of a military installation operated primarily with funds authorized to be appropriated for research, development, test, and evaluation, funds authorized to be appropriated for the Army, Navy, Marine Corps, Air Force, Space Force, or Defense-wide activities for research, development, test, and evaluation may be used to enter into agreements under this section with respect to the installation.

(3)

Funds obligated to carry out an agreement under this section shall be available for use with regard to any property in the geographic scope specified in the agreement—

(A)

at the time the funds are obligated; and

(B)

in any subsequent modification to the agreement.

(k)

Definitions .—

In this section:

(1)

The term “Secretary concerned” means the Secretary of Defense or the Secretary of a military department.

(2)

The term “State” includes the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Commonwealth of the Northern Marianas, and the territories and possessions of the United States.

(3)

The term “Clear Zone Area” means an area immediately beyond the end of the runway of an airfield that is needed to ensure the safe and unrestricted passage of aircraft in and over the area.

Pub. L. 107–314, div. B, title XXVIII, § 2811(a)Dec. 2, 2002116 Stat. 2705 Pub. L. 109–163, div. B, title XXVIII, § 2822Jan. 6, 2006119 Stat. 3513 Pub. L. 109–364, div. B, title XXVIII, § 2811(g)Oct. 17, 2006120 Stat. 2473 Pub. L. 110–181, div. B, title XXVIII, § 2825Jan. 28, 2008122 Stat. 545 Pub. L. 111–84, div. A, title X, § 1073(a)(27)Oct. 28, 2009123 Stat. 2474 Pub. L. 111–383, div. A, title X, § 1075(b)(43)Jan. 7, 2011124 Stat. 4371 Pub. L. 112–81, div. B, title XXVIII, § 2813Dec. 31, 2011125 Stat. 1687 Pub. L. 113–66, div. A, title III, § 312(a)Dec. 26, 2013127 Stat. 729 Pub. L. 113–291, div. A, title X, § 1071(f)(23)Dec. 19, 2014128 Stat. 3511 Pub. L. 115–91, div. B, title XXVIII, § 2811(g)Dec. 12, 2017131 Stat. 1848 Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title III, § 312(i)Aug. 13, 2018132 Stat. 1711 Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title IIIJan. 1, 2021134 Stat. 3513–3515 Pub. L. 117–81, div. A, title III, § 317(b)Dec. 27, 2021135 Stat. 1631 Pub. L. 118–31, div. A, title IIIDec. 22, 2023137 Stat. 215(Added , , ; amended , , ; , , ; , , ; , , ; , , ; , , ; , , ; , , ; , , ; , div. B, title XXVIII, § 2827(b)(1), , , 2270; , §§ 312(a)–(b)(2), (c), 315(b), title IX, § 924(b)(33), title X, § 1081(d)(12), , , 3826, 3874; , , ; , §§ 311(c)(1), 314, , , 216.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Pub. L. 86–797Sept. 15, 196074 Stat. 1052 section 670 of Title 16The Sikes Act, referred to in subsec. (i), is , , , which is classified generally to chapter 5C (§ 670 et seq.) of Title 16, Conservation. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under and Tables.

Amendments

Pub. L. 118–31, § 314(1)2023—Subsecs. (c) to (f). , (2), added subsec. (c) and redesignated former subsecs. (c) to (e) as (d) to (f), respectively. Former subsec. (f) redesignated (g).

Pub. L. 118–31, § 314(1)Subsec. (g). , redesignated subsec. (f) as (g). Former subsec. (g) redesignated (h).

Pub. L. 118–31, § 311(c)(1)section 2693 of this title Public Law 115–91 10 U.S.C. 2684aSubsec. (g)(2)(E). , substituted “Sentinel Landscapes Partnership under ” for “Sentinel Landscapes Partnership established under section 317 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2018 (; note)”.

Pub. L. 118–31, § 314(1)Subsec. (h). , redesignated subsec. (g) as (h). Former subsec. (h) redesignated (i).

Pub. L. 118–31, § 314(3)Subsec. (h)(2)(D). , substituted “subsection (e)” for “subsection (d)”.

Pub. L. 118–31, § 314(1)Subsecs. (i) to (k). , redesignated subsecs. (h) to (j) as (i) to (k), respectively.

Pub. L. 116–283, § 1081(d)(12)Pub. L. 115–232, § 2827(b)(1)2021—Subsec. (a). , made technical amendment to directory language of . See 2018 Amendment note below.

Pub. L. 116–283, § 315(b)(1)(A)Subsec. (a)(2)(B). , struck out cl. (i) designation after “(B)” and “or” after “the installation;” and struck out cl. (ii) which read as follows: “maintains or improves military installation resilience; or”.

Pub. L. 116–283, § 315(b)(1)(B)Subsec. (a)(3), (4). , (C), added par. (3) and redesignated former par. (3) as (4).

Pub. L. 116–283, § 312(b)(1)Subsec. (b). , substituted “For purposes of this section, an eligible entity is” for “An agreement under this section may be entered into with” in introductory provisions.

Pub. L. 116–283, § 312(b)(2)Subsec. (d)(1). , substituted “an eligible entity or entities” for “the entity or entities” in two places.

Pub. L. 116–283, § 312(c)(1)Subsec. (d)(5)(A). , inserted “or another Federal agency” after “to a State” in two places.

Pub. L. 116–283, § 312(c)(2)Subsec. (d)(5)(B). , added subpar. (B) and struck out former subpar. (B) which related to property or interest acquired under an agreement transferred to the United States where administrative jurisdiction over the property was under a Federal official other than a Secretary concerned.

Pub. L. 117–81Subsec. (g)(2)(E), (F). added subpar. (E) and redesignated former subpar. (E) as (F).

Pub. L. 116–283, § 315(b)(2)Subsec. (h). , amended subsec. (h) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (h) related to interagency cooperation in conservation programs to avoid or reduce adverse impacts on military readiness activities.

Pub. L. 116–283, § 924(b)(33)Subsec. (i)(1), (2). , inserted “Space Force,” before “or Defense-wide activities”.

Pub. L. 116–283, § 312(a)Subsec. (i)(3). , added par. (3).

Pub. L. 115–232, § 2827(b)(1)Pub. L. 116–283, § 1081(d)(12)2018—Subsec. (a). , as amended by , inserted “, as well as a State-owned National Guard installation,” after “military installation” in introductory provisions.

Pub. L. 115–232, § 312(i)Subsec. (a)(2)(B). , designated existing provisions as cl. (i) and added cl. (ii).

Pub. L. 115–91, § 2811(g)(1)section 480 of this title2017—Subsec. (d)(4)(D)(i). , substituted “submits, in an electronic medium pursuant to , a notice” for “provides written notice” in introductory provisions.

Pub. L. 115–91, § 2811(g)(2)section 480 of this titleSubsec. (d)(4)(D)(ii). , substituted “10 days after the date on which the notice is submitted under clause (i).” for “14 days after the date on which the notice is submitted under clause (i) or, if earlier, at least 10 days after the date on which a copy of the notice is provided in an electronic medium pursuant to .”

Pub. L. 113–2912014—Subsec. (h). inserted “670” after “U.S.C.”.

Pub. L. 113–662013—Subsecs. (h) to (j). added subsec. (h) and redesignated former subsecs. (h) and (i) as (i) and (j), respectively.

Pub. L. 112–81, § 2813(1)2011—Subsec. (a)(3). , added par. (3).

Pub. L. 112–81, § 2813(2)Subsec. (c). , amended subsec. (c) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “Chapter 63 of title 31 shall not apply to any agreement entered into under this section.”

Pub. L. 112–81, § 2813(3)(A)Subsec. (d)(3). , inserted “, and the monitoring and enforcement of any right, title, or interest in,” after “resources on” and “and monitoring and enforcement” after “natural resource management”, and inserted at end “Any such payment by the United States—

“(A) may be paid in a lump sum and include an amount intended to cover the future costs of natural resource management and monitoring and enforcement; and

“(B) may be placed by the eligible entity in an interest-bearing account, and any interest shall be applied for the same purposes as the principal.”

Pub. L. 112–81, § 2813(3)(B)Subsec. (d)(5). , designated existing provisions as subpar. (A), inserted after first sentence “No such requirement need be included in the agreement if the property or interest is being transferred to a State, or the agreement requires it to be subsequently transferred to a State, and the Secretary concerned determines that the laws and regulations applicable to the future use of such property or interest provide adequate assurance that the property concerned will be developed and used in a manner appropriate for purposes of this section.”, and added subpar. (B).

Pub. L. 111–383March 1, 2007Subsec. (g)(1). substituted “March 1 each year” for “, and annually thereafter”.

Pub. L. 112–81, § 2813(4)Subsec. (i)(3). , added par. (3).

Pub. L. 111–842009—Subsec. (g)(2). substituted “the following” for “the following the following” in introductory provisions.

Pub. L. 110–181, § 2825(a)2008—Subsec. (d)(3), (4). , added par. (3) and redesignated former par. (3) as (4). Former par. (4) redesignated (5).

Pub. L. 110–181, § 2825(b)(2)Subsec. (d)(4)(C). , substituted “equal to, at the discretion of the Secretary concerned—” and cls. (i) and (ii) for “equal to the fair market value of any property or interest to be transferred to the United States upon the request of the Secretary concerned under paragraph (4).”

Pub. L. 110–181, § 2825(b)(1)Subsec. (d)(4)(D), (E). , (3), added subpar. (D) and redesignated former subpar. (D) as (E).

Pub. L. 110–181, § 2825(a)(1)Subsec. (d)(5) to (7). , redesignated pars. (4) to (6) as (5) to (7), respectively.

Pub. L. 109–163, § 2822(a)(1)2006—Subsec. (a). , in introductory provisions, inserted “or entities” after “entity” and substituted “in the vicinity of, or ecologically related to, a military installation or military airspace” for “in the vicinity of a military installation”.

Pub. L. 109–163, § 2822(a)(2)(A)(i)Subsec. (d)(1). , (b)(1)(A), inserted “or entities” after “eligible entity” and substituted “shall provide” for “may provide” in introductory provisions.

Pub. L. 109–163, § 2822(a)(2)(A)(ii)Subsec. (d)(1)(A). , inserted “or entities” after “the entity”.

Pub. L. 109–163, § 2822(b)(1)(B)Subsec. (d)(1)(B). , added subpar. (B) and struck out former subpar. (B) which read as follows: “the sharing by the United States and the entity of the acquisition costs.”

Pub. L. 109–364Subsec. (d)(3). added subpar. (B), redesignated former subpars. (B) and (C) as (C) and (D), respectively, and in subpar. (C) substituted “under subparagraph (A), either through the contribution of funds or excess real property, or both,” for “in the sharing of acquisition costs of real property, or an interest in real property, under paragraph (1)(B)”.

Pub. L. 109–163, § 2822(b)(3), added par. (3). Former par. (3) redesignated (4).

Pub. L. 109–163, § 2822(a)(2)(B), inserted “or entities” after “the entity”.

Pub. L. 109–163, § 2822(b)(2)Subsec. (d)(4) to (6). , redesignated pars. (3) to (5) as (4) to (6), respectively.

Pub. L. 109–163, § 2822(c)Subsecs. (g) to (i). , added subsec. (g) and redesignated former subsecs. (g) and (h) as (h) and (i), respectively.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2021 Amendment

Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title III, § 312(b)(3)Jan. 1, 2021134 Stat. 3513

section 2684a of title 10December 2, 2002“The amendments made by paragraphs (1) and (2) [amending this section] shall apply to any agreement entered into under , United States Code, on or after .”

, , , provided that:

Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title X, § 1081(d)Jan. 1, 2021134 Stat. 3873 section 1081(d)(12) of Pub. L. 116–283 section 2827(b)(1) of Pub. L. 115–232Aug. 13, 2018Pub. L. 115–232, , , provided that the amendment made by to , which amended this section, is effective as of , and as if included in .

Effective Date of 2018 Amendment

Pub. L. 115–232, div. B, title XXVIII, § 2827(b)(2)Aug. 13, 2018132 Stat. 2270

December 2, 2002“The amendment made by paragraph (1) [amending this section] shall take effect as of .”

, , , provided that:

Termination of 2013 Amendment

Pub. L. 113–66, div. A, title III, § 312(b)Dec. 26, 2013127 Stat. 729 section 312 of Pub. L. 113–66Oct. 1, 2019Pub. L. 115–91, div. A, title III, § 317(f)Dec. 12, 2017131 Stat. 1352 section 317(f) of Pub. L. 115–91 Pub. L. 118–31, div. A, title III, § 311(a)Dec. 22, 2023137 Stat. 213, , , which provided that , which amended this section, and subsec. (h) of this section would expire on , subject to a provision continuing any agreements existing before that date, was repealed by , , . Another was formerly set out in a note below, prior to being transferred to chapter 159 of this title and redesignated as section 2693(g) by , (b)(5), , , 214.

Termination of Reporting Requirements

Dec. 31, 2021section 1061 of Pub. L. 114–328 section 111 of this titleFor termination, effective , of provisions in subsec. (g) of this section requiring submittal of annual report to Congress, see , set out as a note under .

Guidance on Encroachment That Affects Covered Sites

Pub. L. 118–31, div. B, title XXVIII, § 2887Dec. 22, 2023137 Stat. 784

“(a)

Guidance Required .—

Dec. 22, 2023Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [], each Secretary of a military department shall issue guidance to establish—

“(1)

a process to identify encroachment with respect to a covered site;

“(2)

a method to mitigate such encroachment; and

“(3)

a procedure to certify that such encroachment does not directly result in a national security risk to the covered site.

“(b)

Considerations .—

In developing the guidance required by this section, each Secretary of a military department shall consider the following:

“(1)

The process by which a commander or head of a covered site identifies and reports encroachment with respect to such covered site.

“(2)

Methods to track data relating to processes, methods, and procedures described in subsection (a).

“(3)

Coordination processes to track and mitigate encroachment—

“(A)

within each military department; and

“(B)

between the military departments and the Assistant Secretaries of Defense for Sustainment and Industrial Base Policy.

“(c)

Foreign Investment Encroachment .—

Such guidance shall include a requirement that if a Secretary of a military department determines that encroachment described in subsection (a) involves or may involve foreign investment, such Secretary shall—

“(1)

report information about encroachment relating to foreign investment to the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Industrial Base Policy; and

“(2)

coordinate with the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Industrial Base Policy on efforts to mitigate such encroachment or potential encroachment.

“(d)

Report .—

Not later than 180 days after the date on which the guidance required by subsection (a) is issued, the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Sustainment, in coordination with the Secretaries of the military departments, shall submit to the Committees on Armed Services of the Senate and the House of Representatives a report on the guidance required by this section, including—

“(1)

the extent to which such guidance has been implemented within the Department of Defense;

“(2)

a description of methods to update any lists of covered sites; and

“(3)

an assessment of the procedure described in subsection (a)(3).

“(e)

Definitions .—

In this section:

“(1)

The term ‘covered site’ means a military installation or another facility or property of the United States Government.

“(2)

The term ‘encroachment’ means an activity conducted within close proximity to a covered site that—

“(A)

may pose a national security risk to a covered site;

“(B)

may affect the operational mission of a covered site; or

“(C)

is incompatible with an installation master plan of a covered site.

“(3)

section 101 of title 10 The term ‘military department’ has the meaning given such term in , United States Code.

“(4)

section 2801 of title 10 The term ‘military installation has the meaning given such term in , United States Code.”

, , , provided that:

Sentinel Landscapes Partnership

Pub. L. 115–91, div. A, title III, § 317(a)Dec. 12, 2017131 Stat. 1351 Pub. L. 117–81, div. A, title III, § 317(a)Dec. 27, 2021135 Stat. 1631 Pub. L. 118–31, div. A, title III, § 311(a)Dec. 22, 2023137 Stat. 213 section 317(f) of Pub. L. 115–91 section 312(b) of Pub. L. 113–66–(f), , , 1352, as amended by , , , which authorized the establishment of the Sentinel Landscapes Partnership, was transferred to chapter 159 of this title and redesignated as section 2693 by , , . Another repealed , see Termination of 2013 Amendment note above.