US Code

Public Law 119-73 (01/23/2026)

16 U.S.C. § 3645

Northern and Southern Funds; treaty implementation; additional authorization of appropriations

(a)

Northern Fund and Southern Fund

(1)
As provided in the , Agreement of the United States and Canada on the Treaty Between the Government of the United States and the Government of Canada Concerning Pacific Salmon, 1985 (hereafter referred to as the “1999 Pacific Salmon Treaty Agreement”) there are hereby established a Northern Boundary and Transboundary Rivers Restoration and Enhancement Fund (hereafter referred to as the “Northern Fund”) and a Southern Boundary Restoration and Enhancement Fund (hereafter referred to as the “Southern Fund”) to be held by the Pacific Salmon Commission. The Northern Fund and Southern Fund shall be invested in interest bearing accounts, bonds, securities, or other investments in order to achieve the highest annual yield consistent with protecting the principal of each Fund. Income from investments made pursuant to this paragraph shall be available until expended, without appropriation or fiscal year limitation, for programs and activities relating to salmon restoration and enhancement, salmon research, the conservation of salmon habitat, and implementation of the Pacific Salmon Treaty and related agreements. Amounts provided by grants under this subsection may be held in interest bearing accounts prior to the disbursement of such funds for program purposes, and any interest earned may be retained for program purposes without further appropriation. The Northern Fund and Southern Fund are subject to the laws governing Federal appropriations and funds and to unrestricted circulars of the Office of Management and Budget. Recipients of amounts from either Fund shall keep separate accounts and such records as are reasonably necessary to disclose the use of the funds as well as to facilitate effective audits.
(2)

Fund Management.—

(A)
As provided in the 1999 Pacific Salmon Treaty Agreement, amounts made available from the Northern Fund pursuant to paragraph (1) shall be administered by a Northern Fund Committee, which shall be comprised of three representatives of the Government of Canada, and three representatives of the United States. The three United States representatives shall be the United States Commissioner and Alternate Commissioner appointed (or designated) from a list submitted by the Governor of Alaska for appointment to the Pacific Salmon Commission and the Regional Administrator of the National Marine Fisheries Service for the Alaska Region. Only programs and activities consistent with the purposes in paragraph (1) which affect the geographic area from Cape Caution, Canada to Cape Suckling, Alaska may be approved for funding by the Northern Fund Committee.
(B)
As provided in the 1999 Pacific Salmon Treaty Agreement, amounts made available from the Southern Fund pursuant to paragraph (1) shall be administered by a Southern Fund Committee, which shall be comprised of three representatives of Canada and three representatives of the United States. The United States representatives shall be appointed by the Secretary of Commerce: one shall be selected from a list of three qualified individuals submitted by the Governors of the States of Washington and Oregon; one shall be selected from a list of three qualified individuals submitted by the treaty Indian tribes (as defined by the Secretary of Commerce); and one shall be the Regional Administrator of the National Marine Fisheries Service for the Northwest Region. Only programs and activities consistent with the purposes in paragraph (1) which affect the geographic area south of Cape Caution, Canada may be approved for funding by the Southern Fund Committee.
(b)

Pacific Salmon Treaty implementation

(1)
None of the funds authorized by this section for implementation of the 1999 Pacific Salmon Treaty Agreement shall be made available until each of the following conditions to the 1999 Pacific Salmon Treaty Agreement has been fulfilled—
(A)
stipulations are revised and court orders requested as set forth in the letter of understanding of the United States negotiators dated . If such orders are not requested by , this condition shall be considered unfulfilled; and
(B)
a determination is made that—
(i)
the entry by the United States into the 1999 Pacific Salmon Treaty Agreement;
(ii)
the conduct of the Alaskan fisheries pursuant to the 1999 Pacific Salmon Treaty Agreement, without further clarification or modification of the management regimes contained therein; and
(iii)
Public Law 93–20516 U.S.C. 1531 the decision by the North Pacific Fisheries Management Council to continue to defer its management authority over salmon to the State of Alaska are not likely to cause jeopardy to, or adversely modify designated critical habitat of, any salmonid species listed under , as amended [ et seq.], in any fishery subject to the Pacific Salmon Treaty.
(2)
If the requests for orders in subparagraph (1)(A) are withdrawn after , or if such orders are not entered by , amounts in the Northern Fund and the Southern Fund shall be transferred to the general fund of the United States Treasury.
(3)
Public Law 93–205 During the term of the 1999 Pacific Salmon Treaty Agreement, the Secretary of Commerce shall determine whether Southern United States fisheries are likely to cause jeopardy to, or adversely modify designated critical habitat of, any salmonid species listed under , as amended, before the Secretary of Commerce may initiate or reinitiate consultation on Alaska fisheries under such Act.
(4)
section 7 of Public Law 93–20516 U.S.C. 1536 During the term of the 1999 Pacific Salmon Treaty Agreement, the Secretary of Commerce may not initiate or reinitiate consultation on Alaska fisheries under , as amended [], until—
(A)
the Pacific Salmon Commission has had a reasonable opportunity to implement the provisions of the 1999 Pacific Salmon Treaty Agreement, including the harvest responses pursuant to paragraph 9, chapter 3 of Annex IV to the Pacific Salmon Treaty; and
(B)
he determines, in consultation with the United States Section of the Pacific Salmon Commission, that implementation actions under the 1999 Agreement will not return escapements as expeditiously as possible to maximum sustainable yield or other biologically-based escapement objectives agreed to by the Pacific Salmon Commission.
(5)
The Secretary of Commerce shall notify the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on Resources of the House of Representatives of his intent to initiate or reinitiate consultation on Alaska fisheries.
(6)
(A)
For purposes of this section, “Alaska fisheries” means all directed Pacific salmon fisheries off the coast of Alaska that are subject to the Pacific Salmon Treaty.
(B)
For purposes of this section, “Southern United States fisheries” means all directed Pacific salmon fisheries in Washington, Oregon, and the Snake River basin of Idaho that are subject to the Pacific Salmon Treaty.
(c)

Omitted

(d)

Authorization of appropriations

(1)

Pacific Salmon Treaty

(A)
For capitalizing the Northern Fund there is authorized to be appropriated in fiscal years 2000, 2001, 2002, and 2003 a total of $75,000,000.
(B)
For capitalizing the Southern Fund there is authorized to be appropriated in fiscal years 2000, 2001, 2002, and 2003 a total of $65,000,000.
(C)
To provide economic adjustment assistance to fishermen pursuant to the 1999 Pacific Salmon Treaty Agreement, there is authorized to be appropriated in fiscal years 2000, 2001, and 2002 a total of $30,000,000.
(2)

Pacific coastal salmon recovery

(A)
1
1 So in original. The word “and” probably should not appear.
For salmon habitat restoration, salmon stock enhancement, sustainable salmon fisheries, and salmon research, including the construction of salmon research and related facilities, there is authorized to be appropriated for each of fiscal years 2000, 2001, 2002, and  2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, and 2009, $90,000,000 to the States of Alaska, Washington, Oregon, Idaho, Nevada, and California. Amounts appropriated pursuant to this subparagraph shall be made available as direct payments. The State of Alaska may allocate a portion of any funds it receives under this subsection to eligible activities outside Alaska.
(B)
For salmon habitat restoration, salmon stock enhancement, salmon research, and supplementation activities, there is authorized to be appropriated in each of fiscal years 2000, 2001, 2002, and 2003, $10,000,000 to be divided between the Pacific Coastal tribes (as defined by the Secretary of Commerce) and the Columbia River tribes (as defined by the Secretary of Commerce).

Pub. L. 99–5, § 16Pub. L. 106–113, div. B, § 1000(a)(1) [title VI, § 623]113 Stat. 1535Pub. L. 106–553, § 1(a)(2) [title VI, § 628]114 Stat. 2762Pub. L. 108–447, div. B, title II118 Stat. 2881Pub. L. 99–5, § 16Pub. L. 109–479, title III, § 302(d)120 Stat. 3623Pub. L. 111–8, div. B, title I, § 110123 Stat. 569(, formerly , , , 1501A–56; , , , 2762A–108; , , ; renumbered , and amended , , ; , , .)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Public Law 93–205Pub. L. 93–20587 Stat. 884section 1531 of this title, referred to in subsec. (b)(1)(B)(iii), (3), is , , , known as the Endangered Species Act of 1973, which is classified generally to chapter 35 (§ 1531 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under and Tables.

Codification

section 16 of Pub. L. 99–5Section 16(c) of Pub. L. 99–5section 3632 of this titleSection is comprised of . amended .

Pub. L. 109–479, § 302(d)(1)113 Stat. 1501section 1000(a)(1) of Pub. L. 106–113Pub. L. 106–533114 Stat. 2762Pub. L. 106–113, div. B, § 1000(a)(1) [title VI, § 623]Pub. L. 106–553, § 1(a)(2) [title VI, § 628]section 16 of Pub. L. 99–5, which directed that the text of section 623 of title VI of H.R. 3421 (A–56), as introduced on , enacted into law by and amended by , A–108, be transferred to and renumbered as section 16 of the Pacific Salmon Treaty Act, was executed by transferring , as amended by , to and renumbering it as , which is the Pacific Salmon Treaty Act of 1985, to reflect the probable intent of Congress. See source credit above.

Amendments

Pub. L. 111–816 U.S.C. 3645section 16 of Pub. L. 99–52009—Subsec. (d)(2)(A). , which directed amendment of “Section (d)(2)(A) of title ” by inserting “Nevada,” after “Idaho,”, was executed by making the amendment to , which is classified to this section, to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Pub. L. 109–479, § 302(d)(1)(B)(ii)2007—, inserted section catchline.

Pub. L. 109–479, § 302(d)(2)Subsec. (d)(2)(A). , inserted “sustainable salmon fisheries,” after “enhancement,”, “2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, and 2009,” after “2003,”, and “Idaho,” after “Oregon,”.

Pub. L. 108–447Pub. L. 106–553Pub. L. 106–1132004—, which directed the amendment of section 628(2)(A) of the Departments of Commerce, Justice, and State, the Judiciary, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2001, , by substituting “2005” for “2000, 2001, 2002, and 2003” and inserting “Idaho,” after “Oregon,”, was not executed, because this section was enacted by , and section 628 of the Departments of Commerce, Justice, and State, the Judiciary, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2001, was an amendatory provision. See 2007 Amendment note above and 2000 Amendment note below.

Pub. L. 106–553, § 1(a)(2) [title VI, § 628(a)]2000—Subsec. (a)(1). , which directed the amendment of par. (1) by striking out “The Northern Fund and Southern Fund shall each receive $10,000,000 of the amounts authorized by this section.”, was executed by striking out “The Northern Fund and Southern Fund shall each receive $10,000,000, of the amounts authorized by this section.” after the second sentence, to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Pub. L. 106–553, § 1(a)(2) [title VI, § 628(b)]Subsec. (d). , added subsec. (d) and struck out heading and text of former subsec. (d). Text read as follows:

“(1) For capitalizing the Northern Fund and the Southern Fund, there is authorized to be appropriated in fiscal year 2000, $20,000,000.

“(2) For salmon habitat restoration, salmon stock enhancement, salmon research, and implementation of the 1999 Pacific Salmon Treaty Agreement and related agreements, there is authorized to be appropriated in fiscal year 2000, $50,000,000 to the States of California, Oregon, Washington, and Alaska. The State of Alaska may allocate a portion of any funds it receives under this subsection to eligible activities outside Alaska.

“(3) For salmon habitat restoration, salmon stock enhancement, salmon research, and implementation of the 1999 Pacific Salmon Treaty Agreement and related agreements, there is authorized to be appropriated $6,000,000 in fiscal year 2000 to the Pacific Coastal tribes (as defined by the Secretary of Commerce) and $2,000,000 in fiscal year 2000 to the Columbia River tribes (as defined by the Secretary of Commerce).

Funds appropriated to the States under the authority of this section shall be subject to a 25 percent non-Federal match requirement. In addition, not more than 3 percent of such funds shall be available for administrative expenses, with the exception of funds used in the Washington State for the Forest and Fish Agreement.”

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Change of Name

Committee on Resources of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Natural Resources of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 6, One Hundred Tenth Congress, .