Public Law 119-73 (01/23/2026)

5 U.S.C. § 5533

Dual pay from more than one position; limitations; exceptions

(a)
Except as provided by subsections (b), (c), and (d) of this section, an individual is not entitled to receive basic pay from more than one position for more than an aggregate of 40 hours of work in one calendar week (Sunday through Saturday).
(b)
Except as otherwise provided by subsection (c) of this section, the Office of Personnel Management, subject to the supervision and control of the President, may prescribe regulations under which exceptions may be made to the restrictions in subsection (a) of this section when appropriate authority determines that the exceptions are warranted because personal services otherwise cannot be readily obtained.
(c)
(1)
1
1 See Increase in Compensation of Individuals Whose Pay is Disbursed by Secretary of Senate note below.
Unless otherwise authorized by law and except as otherwise provided by paragraph (2) or (4) of this subsection, appropriated funds are not available for payment to an individual of pay from more than one position if the pay of one of the positions is paid by the Secretary of the Senate, the Chief Administrative Officer of the House of Representatives, or the Chief of the Capitol Police, or one of the positions is under the Office of the Architect of the Capitol, and if the aggregate gross pay from the positions exceeds $7,724 a year ($10,540, in the case of pay disbursed by the Secretary of the Senate).
(2)
Notwithstanding paragraph (1) of this subsection, appropriated funds are not available for payment to an individual of pay from more than one position, for each of which the pay is disbursed by the Chief Administrative Officer of the House of Representatives or the Chief of the Capitol Police, if the aggregate gross pay from those positions exceeds the maximum per annum gross rate of pay authorized to be paid to an employee out of the clerk hire allowance of a Member of the House.
(3)
For the purposes of this subsection, “gross pay” means the annual rate of pay (or equivalent thereof in the case of an individual paid on other than an annual basis) received by an individual.
(4)
Paragraph (1) of this subsection does not apply to pay on a when-actually-employed basis received from more than one consultant or expert position if the pay is not received for the same day.
(d)
Subsection (a) of this section does not apply to—
(1)
pay on a when-actually-employed basis received from more than one consultant or expert position if the pay is not received for the same hours of the same day;
(2)
pay consisting of fees paid on other than a time basis;
(3)
pay received by a teacher of the public schools of the District of Columbia for employment in a position during the summer vacation period;
(4)
pay paid by the Tennessee Valley Authority to an employee performing part-time or intermittent work in addition to his normal duties when the Authority considers it to be in the interest of efficiency and economy;
(5)
pay received by an individual holding a position—
(A)
the pay of which is paid by the Secretary of the Senate, the Chief Administrative Officer of the House of Representatives, or the Chief of the Capitol Police; or
(B)
under the Architect of the Capitol;
(6)
pay paid by the United States Coast Guard to an employee occupying a part-time position of lamplighter; and
(7)
pay within the purview of any of the following statutes:
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
(F)
section 631 or 631a of title 31, District of Columbia Code.
[(G)
(e)
(1)
2
2 See References in Text note below.
This section does not apply to an individual employed under sections 174j–1 to 174j–7 or 174k  of title 40.
(2)
Subsection (c) of this section does not apply to pay received by a teacher of the public schools of the District of Columbia for employment in a position during the summer vacation period.

Pub. L. 89–55480 Stat. 483Pub. L. 90–57, § 105(h)81 Stat. 143Pub. L. 90–206, title II, § 214o81 Stat. 637Pub. L. 91–510, title IV, § 477(d)84 Stat. 1195Pub. L. 93–140, § 2387 Stat. 508Pub. L. 93–145, § 10187 Stat. 532Pub. L. 94–183, § 2(21)89 Stat. 1058Pub. L. 94–440, title I, § 10390 Stat. 1443Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, § 906(a)(2)92 Stat. 1224Pub. L. 96–70, title III, § 3302(e)(8)93 Stat. 498Pub. L. 104–186, title II, § 215(7)110 Stat. 1745Pub. L. 111–145, § 7(b)(2)124 Stat. 55(, , ; , , ; (), . ; , , ; , , ; , , ; , , ; , , ; , , ; , , ; , , ; , , .)

Historical and Revision Notes

Derivation

U.S. Code

Revised Statutes and

Statutes at Large

 

5 U.S.C. 3105 (less (e)).

Aug. 19, 1964, Pub. L. 88–448, § 301 (less (e)), 78 Stat. 488.

In subsection (a), the words “an individual” are substituted for “civilian personnel”.

In subsection (b), the words “and issue” are omitted as surplusage.

In subsection (c), the words “appropriated funds are not” are substituted for “no funds appropriated by any Act shall be”. The words “$2,000 a year” are substituted for “the sum of $2,000 per annum”.

section 907 of title 205 U.S.C. 3105(d)(7)(F)5 U.S.C. 2358(b)In subsection (d)(7)(D), reference to “” is substituted for to reflect the scheduled transfer of to title 20.

In subsection (d)(7)(H), the words “of chapter 7” are omitted as surplusage.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Section 174j–2 of title 40Pub. L. 107–217, § 6(b)116 Stat. 1304Sections 174j–1, 174j–3, 174j–4, 174j–5, 174j–6, 174j–7, and 174k of title 40, referred to in subsec. (e)(1), were transferred to sections 2042, 2043, 2044, 2045, 2046, 2047, and 2041, respectively, of Title 2, The Congress. was repealed by , , .

Amendments

Pub. L. 111–145, § 7(b)(2)(A)(i)2010—Subsec. (c)(1). , substituted “, the Chief Administrative Officer of the House of Representatives, or the Chief of the Capitol Police” for “or the Chief Administrative Officer of the House of Representatives”.

Pub. L. 111–145, § 7(b)(2)(A)(ii)Subsec. (c)(2). , inserted “or the Chief of the Capitol Police” after “House of Representatives”.

Pub. L. 111–145, § 7(b)(2)(B)Subsec. (d)(5)(A). , substituted “, the Chief Administrative Officer of the House of Representatives, or the Chief of the Capitol Police” for “or the Chief Administrative Officer of the House of Representatives”.

Pub. L. 104–1861996—Subsecs. (c)(1), (2), (d)(5)(A). substituted “Chief Administrative Officer” for “Clerk”.

Pub. L. 96–70section 102 of title 21979—Subsec. (d)(7). struck out subpar. (G) which made reference to , Canal Zone Code.

Pub. L. 95–4541978—Subsec. (b). substituted “Office of Personnel Management” for “Civil Service Commission”.

Pub. L. 94–4401976—Subsec. (c)(1). inserted “($10,540, in the case of pay disbursed by the Secretary of the Senate)” after “exceeds $7,724 a year”.

Pub. L. 94–1831975—Subsec. (d)(7). struck out subpar. (F) relating to section 3335 (a) or (c) of title 39, and redesignated subpars. (G) and (H) as (F) and (G), respectively.

Pub. L. 93–1451973—Subsec. (c)(1), (4). inserted reference to par. (4) in par. (1) and added par. (4).

Pub. L. 93–140Subsec. (e). designated existing provisions as par. (1) and added par. (2).

Pub. L. 91–5101970—Subsec. (c)(1). inserted “and except as otherwise provided by paragraph (2) of this section” after “authorized by law” and substituted “if the aggregate gross pay from the positions exceeds $7,724 a year” for “if—

“(A) the pay of one or more of the positions is fixed at a single gross per annum rate, and the aggregate gross pay from the positions exceeds $6,256 a year, or

“(B) the pay of each such position is fixed at a basic rate plus additional compensation authorized by law, and the aggregate basic pay of the positions exceeds $2,000 a year”.

Pub. L. 91–510Subsec. (c)(2). substituted provision making appropriated funds unavailable for payment to an individual of pay from more than one position, for each of which pay is disbursed by the Clerk of the House, if the aggregate gross pay from those positions exceeds the maximum per annum gross rate of pay authorized to be paid to an employee out of clerk hire allowance of a Member of the House for definition of “gross pay”, now incorporated in cl. (3).

Pub. L. 91–510Subsec. (c)(3). redesignated former cl. (2) as (3) and deleted provision which included in gross pay of an individual receiving basic pay plus additional compensation provided by law the aggregate amount received as basic and additional compensation, but excluded sums received as premium pay under subchapter V of this chapter.

Pub. L. 90–2061967—Subsec. (c). provided for an increase in the aggregate gross pay allowed to certain specified congressional employees on two payrolls as dual office compensation.

Pub. L. 90–57 designated existing dual pay limitation provisions relating to basic compensation as par. (1), redesignated cls. (1) and (2) as (A) and (B), eliminated from cl. (A) provision for pay for one of the positions by the Secretary of the Senate and restricted such cl. (A) to payments in case of employees receiving basic rates of compensation and added par. (2) dual pay limitations applicable to aggregate gross compensation of employees receiving single per annum rates of compensation.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2010 Amendment

Pub. L. 111–145section 1018 of Pub. L. 108–7section 7(d) of Pub. L. 111–145section 2107 of this titleAmendment by effective as though enacted as part of , see , set out as a note under .

Effective Date of 1979 Amendment

Pub. L. 96–70section 3304 of Pub. L. 96–70section 3601 of Title 22Amendment by effective , see , set out as an Effective Date note under , Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

Effective Date of 1978 Amendment

Pub. L. 95–454section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454section 1101 of this titleAmendment by effective 90 days after , see , set out as a note under .

Effective Date of 1970 Amendment

Pub. L. 91–510section 601(1) of Pub. L. 91–510section 4301 of Title 2Amendment by effective immediately prior to noon on , see , set out as a note under , The Congress.

Effective Date of 1967 Amendments

Pub. L. 90–206section 220(a)(3) of Pub. L. 90–206section 603 of Title 28Amendment by effective at beginning of first pay period which begins on or after , see , set out as a note under , Judiciary and Judicial Procedure.

Pub. L. 90–57section 105(k) of Pub. L. 90–57section 4575 of Title 2Amendment by , effective , see , set out as an Effective Date note under , The Congress.

Transfer of Functions

section 542 of Title 6For transfer of authorities, functions, personnel, and assets of the Coast Guard, including the authorities and functions of the Secretary of Transportation relating thereto, to the Department of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see sections 468(b), 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of , as modified, set out as a note under .

Increase in Compensation of Individuals Whose Pay is Disbursed by Secretary of Senate

section 4571 of Title 22022—The figure “$10,540” in subsec. (c)(1) of this section to be deemed to refer, effective , to the figure “$41,528”, see section 9 of Salary Directive of President pro tempore of the Senate, , set out as a note under , The Congress.

section 4571 of Title 2The figure “$10,540” in subsec. (c)(1) of this section to be deemed to refer, effective , to the figure “$39,603”, see section 9 of Salary Directive of President pro tempore of the Senate, , formerly set out as a note under , The Congress.

section 4571 of Title 22021—The figure “$10,540” in subsec. (c)(1) of this section to be deemed to refer, effective , to the figure “$38,442”, see section 9 of Salary Directive of President pro tempore of the Senate, , formerly set out as a note under , The Congress.

section 4571 of Title 22020—The figure “$10,540” in subsec. (c)(1) of this section to be deemed to refer, effective , to the figure “$38,061”, see section 9 of Salary Directive of President pro tempore of the Senate, , formerly set out as a note under , The Congress.

section 4571 of Title 22019—The figure “$10,540” in subsec. (c)(1) of this section to be deemed to refer, effective , to the figure “$36,766”, see section 9 of Salary Directive of President pro tempore of the Senate, , formerly set out as a note under .

section 4571 of Title 22018—The figure “$10,540” in subsec. (c)(1) of this section to be deemed to refer, effective , to the figure “$35,949”, see section 9 of Salary Directive of President pro tempore of the Senate, , formerly set out as a note under .

section 4571 of Title 22017—The figure “$10,540” in subsec. (c)(1) of this section to be deemed to refer, effective , to the figure “$35,144”, see section 9 of Salary Directive of President pro tempore of the Senate, , formerly set out as a note under .

section 4571 of Title 22015—The figure “$10,540” in subsec. (c)(1) of this section to be deemed to refer, effective , to the figure “$34,160”, see section 9 of Salary Directive of President pro tempore of the Senate, , formerly set out as a note under .

section 4571 of Title 22014—The figure “$10,540” in subsec. (c)(1) of this section to be deemed to refer, effective , to the figure “$33,668”, see section 9 of Salary Directive of President pro tempore of the Senate, , formerly set out as a note under .

section 4571 of Title 2The figure “$10,540” in subsec. (c)(1) of this section to be deemed to refer, effective , to the figure “$33,334”, see section 9 of Salary Directive of President pro tempore of the Senate, , formerly set out as a note under .

section 4571 of Title 22010—The figure “$10,540” in subsec. (c)(1) of this section to be deemed to refer, effective , to the figure “$33,003”, see section 9 of Salary Directive of President pro tempore of the Senate, , formerly set out as a note under .

section 4571 of Title 22009—The figure “$10,540” in subsec. (c)(1) of this section to be deemed to refer, effective , to the figure “$32,515”, see section 9 of Salary Directive of President pro tempore of the Senate, , formerly set out as a note under .

section 4571 of Title 22008—The figure “$10,540” in subsec. (c)(1) of this section to be deemed to refer, effective , to the figure “$31,906”, see section 9 of Salary Directive of President pro tempore of the Senate, , formerly set out as a note under .

section 4571 of Title 22007—The figure “$10,540” in subsec. (c)(1) of this section to be deemed to refer, effective , to the figure “$30,827”, see section 9 of Salary Directive of President pro tempore of the Senate, , formerly set out as a note under .

section 4571 of Title 22006—The figure “$10,540” in subsec. (c)(1) of this section to be deemed to refer, effective , to the figure “$29,905”, see section 9 of Salary Directive of President pro tempore of the Senate, , formerly set out as a note under .

section 4571 of Title 22005—The figure “$10,540” in subsec. (c)(1) of this section to be deemed to refer, effective , to the figure “$29,289”, see section 9 of Salary Directive of President pro tempore of the Senate, , formerly set out as a note under .

section 4571 of Title 22004—The figure “$10,540” in subsec. (c)(1) of this section to be deemed to refer, effective , to the figure “$28,574”, see section 9 of Salary Directive of President pro tempore of the Senate, , formerly set out as a note under .

section 4571 of Title 22003—The figure “$10,540” in subsec. (c)(1) of this section to be deemed to refer, effective , to the figure “$27,822”, see section 9 of Salary Directive of President pro tempore of the Senate, , as amended, formerly set out as a note under .

section 4571 of Title 22002—The figure “$10,540” in subsec. (c)(1) of this section to be deemed to refer, effective , to the figure “$26,985”, see section 9 of Salary Directive of President pro tempore of the Senate, , formerly set out as a note under .

section 4571 of Title 22001—The figure “$10,540” in subsec. (c)(1) of this section to be deemed to refer, effective , to the figure “$26,329”, see section 9 of Salary Directive of President pro tempore of the Senate, , formerly set out as a note under .

section 4571 of Title 22000—The figure “$10,540” in subsec. (c)(1) of this section to be deemed to refer, effective , to the figure “$25,362”, see section 9 of Salary Directive of President pro tempore of the Senate, , formerly set out as a note under .

section 4571 of Title 21999—The figure “$10,540” in subsec. (c)(1) of this section to be deemed to refer, effective , to the figure “$24,433”, see section 9 of Salary Directive of President pro tempore of the Senate, , formerly set out as a note under .

section 4571 of Title 21998—The figure “$10,540” in subsec. (c)(1) of this section to be deemed to refer, effective , to the figure “$23,698”, see section 9 of Salary Directive of President pro tempore of the Senate, , formerly set out as a note under .

section 4571 of Title 21997—The figure “$10,540” in subsec. (c)(1) of this section to be deemed to refer, effective , to the figure “$23,165”, see section 9 of Salary Directive of President pro tempore of the Senate, , formerly set out as a note under .

section 4571 of Title 21995—The figure “$10,540” in subsec. (c)(1) of this section to be deemed to refer, effective , to the figure “$22,200”, see section 9 of Salary Directive of President pro tempore of the Senate, , formerly set out as a note under .

section 4571 of Title 21993—The figure “$10,540” in subsec. (c)(1) of this section to be deemed to refer, effective , to the figure “$21,764”, see section 9 of Salary Directive of President pro tempore of the Senate, , formerly set out as a note under .

section 4571 of Title 21992—The figure “$10,540” in subsec. (c)(1) of this section to be deemed to refer, effective , to the figure “$20,987”, see section 9 of Salary Directive of President pro tempore of the Senate, , formerly set out as a note under .

section 4571 of Title 21991—The figure “$10,540” in subsec. (c)(1) of this section to be deemed to refer, effective , to the figure “$20,141”, see section 9 of Salary Directive of President pro tempore of the Senate, , formerly set out as a note under .

section 4571 of Title 21990—The figure “$10,540” in subsec. (c)(1) of this section to be deemed to refer, effective , to the figure “$19,347”, see section 9 of Salary Directive of President pro tempore of the Senate, , formerly set out as a note under .

section 4571 of Title 21989—The figure “$10,540” in subsec. (c)(1) of this section to be deemed to refer, effective , to the figure “$18,674”, see section 9 of Salary Directive of President pro tempore of the Senate, , formerly set out as a note under .

section 4571 of Title 21988—The figure “$10,540” in subsec. (c)(1) of this section to be deemed to refer, effective , to the figure “$17,938”, see section 9 of Salary Directive of President pro tempore of the Senate, , formerly set out as a note under .

section 4571 of Title 21987—The figure “$10,540” in subsec. (c)(1) of this section to be deemed to refer, effective , to the figure “$17,586”, see section 9 of Salary Directive of President pro tempore of the Senate, , formerly set out as a note under .

section 4571 of Title 21985—The figure “$10,540” in subsec. (c)(1) of this section to be deemed to refer, effective , to the figure “$17,073”, see section 9 of Salary Directive of President pro tempore of the Senate, , formerly set out as a note under .

section 4571 of Title 21984—The figure “$10,540” in subsec. (c)(1) of this section to be deemed to refer, effective , to the figure “$16,495”, see section 9 of Salary Directive of President pro tempore of the Senate, , formerly set out as a note under .

section 4571 of Title 21982—The figure “$10,540” in subsec. (c)(1) of this section to be deemed to refer, effective , to the figure “$15,860”, see section 9 of Salary Directive of President pro tempore of the Senate, , formerly set out as a note under .

section 4571 of Title 21980—The figure “$10,540” in subsec. (c)(1) of this section to be deemed to refer, effective , to the figure “$14,551”, see section 9 of Salary Directive of President pro tempore of the Senate, , formerly set out as a note under .

section 4571 of Title 21979—The figure “$10,540” in subsec. (c)(1) of this section to be deemed to refer, effective , to the figure “$13,337”, see section 9 of Salary Directive of President pro tempore of the Senate, , formerly set out as a note under .

section 4571 of Title 21978—The figure “$10,540” in subsec. (c)(1) of this section to be deemed to refer, effective , to the figure “$12,480”, see section 9 of Salary Directive of President pro tempore of the Senate, , formerly set out as a note under .

section 4571 of Title 21977—The figure “$10,540” in subsec. (c)(1) of this section to be deemed to refer, effective , to the figure “$11,830”, see section 9 of Salary Directive of President pro tempore of the Senate, , formerly set out as a note under .

section 4571 of Title 21976—The figure “$10,540” in subsec. (c)(1) of this section to be deemed to refer, effective , to the figure “$11,050”, see section 9 of Salary Directive of President pro tempore of the Senate, , formerly set out as a note under .

section 4571 of Title 21973—The figure “7,724” in subsection (c)(1) of this section, deemed to refer, effective , to the figure “9,080”, see section 9 of Salary Directive of President pro tempore of the Senate, , formerly set out as a note under .

section 4571 of Title 21972—The figure “7,724” in subsection (c)(1) of this section, deemed to refer, effective , to the figure “8,637”, see section 9 of Salary Directive of President pro tempore of the Senate, , formerly set out as a note under .

section 4571 of Title 21971—The figure “7,724” in subsection (c)(1) of this section, deemed to refer, effective , to the figure “8,187”, see section 9 of Salary Directive of President pro tempore of the Senate, , formerly set out as a note under .

section 214 of Pub. L. 90–206section 5332 of this titlesection 2 of Pub. L. 91–231Pub. L. 91–231section 5332 of this title1970—Adjustment by President pro tempore of the Senate with respect to Senate, by Finance Clerk of House with respect to House of Representatives, and by Architect of Capitol with respect to Office of Architect of Capitol, effective on the first day of the first pay period which begins on or after , of rates of pay of employees of legislative branch subject to with certain exceptions, by amounts of adjustment for corresponding rates for employees subject to the General Schedule, set out in , which had been made by raising such rates by 6 percent, see , formerly set out as a note under .

section 4571 of Title 21969—The figure “6,662” in subsection (c)(1)(A) of this section, as increased by Order of , deemed, on and after , to refer to the figure “7,287”, see section 4(d) of Salary Directive of President pro tempore of the Senate, , formerly set out as a note under .

section 4571 of Title 21968—The figure “6,256” in subsection (c)(1)(A) of this section deemed to refer, on and after , to the figure “6,622”, see section 1(i) of Salary Directive of President pro tempore of the Senate, , formerly set out as a note under .