US Code

Public Law 119-73 (01/23/2026)

5 U.S.C. § 8340

Cost-of-living adjustment of annuities

(a)
For the purpose of this section—
(1)
the term “base quarter”, as used with respect to a year, means the calendar quarter ending on September 30, of such year; and
(2)
the price index for a base quarter is the arithmetical mean of such index for the 3 months comprising such quarter.
(b)
Except as provided in subsection (c) of this section, effective December 1 of each year, each annuity payable from the Fund having a commencing date not later than such December 1 shall be increased by the percent change in the price index for the base quarter of such year over the price index for the base quarter of the preceding year in which an adjustment under this subsection was made, adjusted to the nearest ⅒ of 1 percent.
(c)
Eligibility for an annuity increase under this section is governed by the commencing date of each annuity payable from the Fund as of the effective date of an increase, except as follows:
(1)
1
1 So in original. The comma probably should not appear.
The first increase (if any) made under subsection (b) of this section to an annuity which is payable from the Fund to an employee or Member who retires, to the widow, widower, or former spouse, of a deceased employee or Member, or to the widow, widower, former spouse, or insurable interest designee of a deceased annuitant whose annuity has not been increased under this subsection or subsection (b) of this section, shall be equal to the product (adjusted to the nearest ⅒ of 1 percent) of—
(A)
112 ⁄ of the applicable percent change computed under subsection (b) of this section, multiplied by
(B)
the number of months (not to exceed 12 months, counting any portion of a month as a month)—
(i)
for which the annuity was payable from the Fund before the effective date of the increase, or
(ii)
in the case of a widow, widower, former spouse, or insurable interest designee of a deceased annuitant whose annuity has not been so increased, since the annuity was first payable to the deceased annuitant.
(2)
section 8341(e) of this titlesection 8 of the Act of May 29, 1930 Effective from its commencing date, an annuity payable from the Fund to an annuitant’s survivor (except a child entitled under ), which annuity commences the day after the death of the annuitant and after the effective date of the first increase under this section, shall be increased by the total percent increase the annuitant was receiving under this section at death. However, the increase in a survivor annuity authorized by , as amended to , shall be computed as if the annuity commencing date had been the effective date of the first increase under this section.
(3)
section 8341(e) of this titlesection 8341(e) of this titlesection 8341(e) of this title For the purpose of computing the annuity of a child under that commences after , the items $900, $1,080, $2,700, and $3,240 appearing in shall be increased by the total percent increases allowed and in force under this section on or after such day and, in case of a deceased annuitant, the items 60 percent and 75 percent appearing in shall be increased by the total percent allowed and in force to the annuitant under this section on or after such day.
(d)
This section does not authorize an increase in an additional annuity purchased at retirement by voluntary contributions.
(e)
The monthly installment of annuity after adjustment under this section shall be rounded to the next lowest dollar. However, the monthly installment shall after adjustment reflect an increase of at least $1.
(f)
Effective , or on the commencing date of annuity, whichever is later, the annuity of each surviving spouse whose entitlement to annuity payable from the Fund resulted from the death of—
(1)
an employee or Member before ; or
(2)
a retired employee or Member whose retirement was based on a separation from service before ;
is increased by 10 percent.
(g)
(1)
An annuity shall not be increased by reason of any adjustment under this section to an amount which exceeds the greater of—
(A)
the maximum pay payable for GS–15 30 days before the effective date of the adjustment under this section; or
(B)
the final pay (or average pay, if higher) of the employee or Member with respect to whom the annuity is paid, increased by the overall annual average percentage adjustments (compounded) in rates of pay of the General Schedule under subchapter I of chapter 53 of this title during the period—
(i)
beginning on the date the annuity commenced (or, in the case of a survivor of the retired employee or Member, the date the employee’s or Member’s annuity commenced), and
(ii)
ending on the effective date of the adjustment under this section.
(2)
For the purposes of paragraph (1) of this subsection, “pay” means the rate of salary or basic pay as payable under any provision of law, including any provision of law limiting the expenditure of appropriated funds.

Pub. L. 89–55480 Stat. 576Pub. L. 90–83, § 1(79)81 Stat. 215Pub. L. 91–93, title II, § 20483 Stat. 139Pub. L. 93–136, § 187 Stat. 490Pub. L. 94–126, § 2(b)89 Stat. 679Pub. L. 94–183, § 2(35)89 Stat. 1058Pub. L. 94–440, title XIII, § 1306(a)90 Stat. 1462Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, § 906(a)(2)92 Stat. 1224Pub. L. 96–499, title IV, § 401(a)94 Stat. 2605Pub. L. 97–35, title XVII, § 1702(a)95 Stat. 754Pub. L. 97–253, title III96 Stat. 795Pub. L. 98–270, title II, § 201(a)98 Stat. 157Pub. L. 98–369, div. B, title II, § 2201(b)98 Stat. 1058Pub. L. 99–251, title II, § 204100 Stat. 25(, , ; , , ; , , ; , , ; , , ; , , ; , (c)(1), , ; , (3), , ; , , ; , (b), , ; , §§ 304(a), 309(a), , , 798; , , ; , , ; , , .)

Historical and Revision Notes

1966 Act

Derivation

U.S. Code

Revised Statutes and

Statutes at Large

 

5 U.S.C. 2268.

July 31, 1956, ch. 804, § 401 “Sec. 18”; added Oct. 11, 1962, Pub. L. 87–793, § 1102(b) (less so much as redesignated § 18 as 19), 76 Stat. 869.

In subsection (a), the words “After ” and “other than 1964” and subsection (a)(1) of former section 2268, are omitted as executed.

In subsection (b), the words “subsection (a) of this section” are substituted for “subsection (a)(1) or (a)(2) of this section” since subsection (a)(1) has been omitted as executed.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

1967 Act

Section of title 5

Source (U.S. Code)

Source (Statutes at Large)

8340(a)

8340(b)

8340(c)

8340(d)

5 App.: 2268(a), (f).

5 App.: 2268(b).

5 App.: 2268(c).

5 App.: 2268(d).

Sept. 27, 1965, Pub. L. 89–205, § 1(c), 79 Stat. 840.

Nov. 1, 1965, Pub. L. 89–314, § 1, 79 Stat. 1162.

8340(e)

8340(f)

5 App.: 2268(e).

5 App.: 2268(g).

July 18, 1966, Pub. L. 89–504, § 507, 80 Stat. 302.

“The month used in determining the increase based on the per centum rise in the price index under this subsection shall be the base month for determining the per centum change in the price index until the next succeeding increase occurs.”
5 U.S.C. 8331(16)72 Stat. 219Public Law 85–465In subsection (a), the words “Effective * * * before ,” are substituted for “Effective the first day of the third month which begins after the date of enactment of this amendment * * * not later than such effective date.” In clause (1), the words “month of July 1965” are substituted for “month latest published on date of enactment of this amendment” for clarity and since the July 1965 price index was the price index for the month latest published on , the date of enactment of the amendment. The word “base” is inserted before “month of July 1965” for clarity and on authority of the second sentence of 5 U.S.C. App. 2268(a) which provided: In view of the foregoing and of the definition of “base month” in , the quoted sentence is omitted as executed and unnecessary. In clause (2), the words “before ,” are substituted for “on or before .” In the second sentence, which is based on 5 App. U.S.C. 2268(f), the words “before ,” are substituted for “not later than .” In clause (B), the words “Act of ()” are substituted for “” to conform to the style of title 5, United States Code.

In the first sentence of subsection (b), the words “after the first increase under this section,” following “Each month,” are omitted as executed and unnecessary.

In subsection (f), the words “,” are substituted for “the first day of the second month after the enactment of this subsection.”

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Section 8 of the Act of May 29, 1930section 8338 of this title, as amended to , referred to in subsec. (c)(2), is the predecessor of .

section 5332 of this titleThe General Schedule, referred to in subsec. (g)(1)(B), is set out under .

Amendments

Pub. L. 99–2511986—Subsec. (c)(1). substituted “, widower, or former spouse,” for first reference to “or widower”, and “, widower, former spouse, or insurable interest designee” for second and third references to “or widower”.

Pub. L. 98–270section 8341(e) of this titlesection 8 of the Act of May 29, 1930section 2 of the Act of June 25, 195872 Stat. 2191984—Subsec. (a). substituted provisions defining term “base quarter” as meaning the calendar quarter ending Sept. 30 of a year and providing that the price index for a base quarter is the arithmetical mean of such index for the three months comprising such quarter for former provisions which had directed that, effective , each annuity payable from the Fund having a commencing date before , was increased by (1) the percent rise in the price index, adjusted to the nearest ⅒ of 1 percent, determined by the Office of Personnel Management on the basis of the annual average price index for calendar year 1962 and the price index for the base month of July 1965; plus (2) 6½ percent if the commencing date (or in the case of the survivor of a deceased annuitant the commencing date of the annuity of the retired employee) occurred before , or 1½ percent if the commencing date (or in the case of the survivor of a deceased annuitant the commencing date of the annuity of the retired employee) occurred after , that each annuity payable from the Fund (other than the immediate annuity of an annuitant’s survivor or of a child entitled under ) having a commencing date after , but before , was increased from its commencing date as if the annuity commencing date were , and that each survivor annuity authorized by (A) , as amended to , or (B) (), was increased by any additional amount required to make the total increase under this subsection equal to the smaller of 15 percent or $10 a month.

Pub. L. 98–270Subsec. (b). substituted “Except as provided in subsection (c) of this section, effective December 1 of each year, each annuity payable from the Fund having a commencing date not later than such December 1 shall be increased by the percent change in the price index for the base quarter of such year over the price index for the base quarter of the preceding year in which an adjustment under this subsection was made, adjusted to the nearest ⅒ of 1 percent” for “Except as provided in subsection (c) of this section, effective March 1 of each year each annuity payable from the Fund having a commencing date not later than such March 1 shall be increased by the percent change in the price index published for December of the preceding year over the price index published for December of the year prior to the preceding year, adjusted to the nearest ⅒ of 1 percent”.

Pub. L. 98–369, § 2201(b)(1)Subsec. (c)(1)(A). , substituted “computed” for “computer”.

Pub. L. 98–369, § 2201(b)(2)Subsec. (c)(2)(B). , substituted “not to exceed 12 months, counting” for “counting”.

Pub. L. 97–253, § 304(a)1982—Subsec. (e). , substituted “rounded to the next lowest” for “fixed at the nearest”.

Pub. L. 97–253, § 309(a)Subsec. (g). , added subsec. (g).

Pub. L. 97–35, § 1702(a)1981—Subsec. (b). , substituted provisions that except as provided in subsec. (c), the annuities payable from the Fund having a commencing date not later than March 1 of each year shall be increased by the percent change in the price index published for December of the preceding year over the price index published for December of the year prior to the preceding year, adjusted to the nearest ⅒ of 1 percent, for provisions requiring the Office to determine on Jan. 1 and July 1 of each year the percent change in the price index based on the data for a six month period and to adjust the annuities in March and September of each year according to specified formula when there is a rise in the price index.

Pub. L. 97–35, § 1702(b)112Subsec. (c)(1). , in opening provision inserted reference to the widow or widower of a deceased annuitant whose annuity has not been increased under this subsection or subsection (b) of this section, in par. (A) substituted “⁄” for “⅙”, and in subpar. (B) designated existing provisions as item (i) and added item (ii).

Pub. L. 96–499section 8338 of this titlesection 8339(m) of this title1980—Subsec. (c)(1). , substituted formula for computing the first increase to be made under subsec. (b) of this section to an annuity which is payable from the Fund to an employee or Member who retires, to the widow or widower of a deceased employee or Member for provisions that an annuity, except a deferred annuity under or any other provision of law, payable from the Fund to an employee or Member who retires, or to the widow or widower of a deceased employee or Member and having a commencing date after the effective date of the then last preceding annuity increase under subsec. (b) of this section shall not be less than the annuity which would have been payable if the commencing date of such annuity had been the effective date of the then last preceding annuity increase under subsec. (b) of this section and that employees or deceased employees were to be deemed, for purposes of to have to their credit, on the effective date of the last preceding increase under subsec. (b), unused sick leave equal to that unused sick leave to his credit on the date of separation from service.

Pub. L. 95–4541978—Subsecs. (a)(1), (b)(1). substituted “Office of Personnel Management” for “Civil Service Commission” and “Office” for “Commission”.

Pub. L. 94–440, § 1306(a)1976—Subsec. (b). , struck out “1 percent plus” after “shall be increased by”.

Pub. L. 94–440, § 1306(c)(1), substituted provisions requiring that Commission shall determine percent change in price index on Jan. 1 and July 1 of each year and effective Mar. 1 or Sept. 1, each annuity payable from Fund shall be increased by the computed percent change in the price index adjusted to the nearest ⅒ of 1 percent, for provisions requiring that Commission shall determine percent change in price index on a monthly basis and effective the first day of the third month that begins after the price index change equals a rise of 3 percent for 3 consecutive months over the prior price index, each annuity payable from Fund shall be increased by the highest rise in the price index over those months adjusted to the nearest ⅒ of 1 percent.

Pub. L. 94–126section 8339(m) of this titlesection 8339(n) of this title1975—Subsec. (c)(1). substituted reference to “” for “”.

Pub. L. 94–183Subsec. (c)(3). substituted “after ” for “on or after the first day of the first month that begins on or after the date of enactment of the Civil Service Retirement Amendments of 1969”.

Pub. L. 93–1361973—Subsec. (c). redesignated existing pars. (1) and (2) as pars. (2) and (3) and added par. (1).

Pub. L. 91–93, § 204(a)1969—Subsec. (b). , increased the annuity payable from the Fund by 1 percent.

Pub. L. 91–93, § 204(b)Subsec. (c)(2). , increased the minimum survivor annuity for children of a deceased Federal employee, substituting dollar and percentage references to $900, $1,080, $2,700, $3,240, and 60 and 75 percent for prior references to $600, $720, $1,800, $2,160 and 40 and 50 percent respectively, such new increases to commence on or after the first day of the first month that begins on or after , the date of enactment of the Civil Service Retirement Amendments of 1969, whereas prior provisions were for computation of a child’s annuity commencing after effective date of first increase under this section based on employee annuity that commenced after , or was payable at death.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1984 Amendment

Pub. L. 98–270, title II, § 201(b)98 Stat. 157

“(1)
section 8340(b) of title 5 The amendments made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act [], except that no adjustment under , United States Code (as amended by such subsection), shall be made during the period beginning on the date of the enactment of this Act and ending .
“(2)
(A)
section 8340(b) of title 5 For purposes of the first adjustment under , United States Code (as amended by subsection (a)), the base quarter ending , shall be considered to have been a base quarter in which an adjustment under such section (as so amended) was made.
“(B)
section 8340(a)(1) of title 5 As used in subparagraph (A), the term ‘base quarter’ has the meaning given such term by , United States Code (as amended by subsection (a)).”
, , , provided that:

Effective Date of 1982 Amendment

Pub. L. 97–253, title III, § 304(c)96 Stat. 795

section 8345 of this title“The amendments made by subsections (a) and (b) [amending this section and ] shall apply with respect to any annuity commencing on or after , and with respect to any adjustment or redetermination of any annuity made on or after such date”.
, , , provided that:

Pub. L. 97–253, title III, § 309(b)96 Stat. 799

section 8340 of title 5“The amendment made by subsection (a) of this section [amending this section] shall not cause any annuity to be reduced below the rate that is payable on the date of the enactment of this Act [], but shall apply to any adjustment occurring on or after such date of enactment under , United States Code, to any annuity payable from the Civil Service Retirement and Disability Fund, whether such annuity has a commencing date before, on, or after the date of enactment of this Act.”
, , , provided that:

Effective Date of 1981 Amendment

Pub. L. 97–35, title XVII, § 1702(c)95 Stat. 754

“The amendments made by this section [amending this section] shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act [] and shall apply to annuities which commence before, on, or after such date.”
, , , provided that:

Effective Date of 1980 Amendment

Pub. L. 96–499, title IV, § 401(b)94 Stat. 2605

“(1)
The amendment made by subsection (a)(1) [amending this section] shall apply with respect to annuities commencing after the 45th day after the date of the enactment of this Act [].
“(2)
The amendment made by subsection (a)(2) [amending this section] shall take effect with respect to any annuity increase which takes effect after the date of the enactment of this Act [].”
, , , provided that:

Effective Date of 1978 Amendment

Pub. L. 95–454section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454section 1101 of this title Amendment by effective 90 days after , see , set out as a note under .

Effective Date of 1976 Amendment

Pub. L. 94–440, title XIII, § 1306(b)90 Stat. 1462

“The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall apply to any increase in annuities after the date of enactment of this Act [].”
, , , provided that:

Pub. L. 94–440, § 1306(c)(2)90 Stat. 1462

section 8340(b) of title 5“The amendment made by subsection (1) [amending this section] shall apply to any increase in annuities after the date of enactment of this Act [], except that with respect to the first date after the date of enactment of this Act on which the Commission is to determine a percent change, such percent change shall be determined by computing the change in the price index published for the month immediately preceding such first date over the price index for the last month prior to the date of enactment of this Act for which the price index showed a percent rise forming the basis for a cost-of-living annuity increase under , United States Code [subsec. (b) of this section], as in effect immediately prior to the date of the enactment of this Act [].”
, , , provided that:

Effective Date of 1973 Amendment

Pub. L. 93–136, § 287 Stat. 490

“The amendments made by this Act [amending this section] shall apply only with respect to annuities which commence on or after .”
, , , provided that:

Effective Date of 1969 Amendment

Pub. L. 91–93, title II, § 207(b)83 Stat. 140

section 8340 of title 5“The amendments made by section 204(a) of this Act to , United States Code, shall apply only to annuity increases which become effective under such section 8340 after the date of enactment of this Act [].”
, , , provided that:

Delay in Cost-of-Living Adjustments During Fiscal Years 1994, 1995, and 1996

Pub. L. 103–66, title XI, § 11001107 Stat. 408

“(a)

Applicability .—

This section shall apply with respect to any cost-of-living increase scheduled to take effect, during fiscal year 1994, 1995, or 1996, under—
“(1)
section 8340(b) or 8462(b) of title 5, United States Code;
“(2)
22 U.S.C. 4066 section 826 or 858 of the Foreign Service Act of 1980 [, 4071g]; or
“(3)
50 U.S.C. 2131Public Law 102–496106 Stat. 3196 section 291 of the Central Intelligence Agency Retirement Act (), as set forth in section 802 of the CIARDS Technical Corrections Act of 1992 (; ).
“(b)

Delay in Effective Date of Adjustments .—

A cost-of-living increase described in subsection (a) shall not take effect until the first day of the third calendar month after the date such increase would otherwise take effect.
“(c)

Rule of Construction .—

Nothing in this section shall be considered to affect any determination relating to eligibility for an annuity increase or the amount of the first increase in an annuity under section 8340(b) or (c) or section 8462(b) or (c) of title 5, United States Code, or comparable provisions of law.”
, , , provided that:

Time of Payment of Annuity or Retired or Retirement Pay Which President Adjusts

Pub. L. 98–369, div. B, title II, § 2201(a)98 Stat. 1058

section 8340(b) of title 5“Notwithstanding any other provision of law, beginning with the monthly rate payable for December 1984, any annuity or retired or retirement pay payable under any retirement system for Government officers or employees which the President adjusts pursuant to , United States Code, shall be paid no earlier than the first business day of the succeeding month.”
, , , provided that:

Cost-of-Living Adjustments During Fiscal Years 1983, 1984, and 1985

Pub. L. 97–253, title III, § 301(a)96 Stat. 790Pub. L. 98–270, title I, § 201(c)98 Stat. 158Pub. L. 98–396, title I98 Stat. 1403

“(a)
(1)
Except as provided in paragraph (3), the cost-of-living increase under any Government retirement system in annuity or retired or retainer pay of any early retiree taking effect in each of fiscal years 1983, 1984, and 1985, shall be equal to one-half of the assumed increase in the price index for that year.
“(2)
For purposes of this subsection, an individual shall be considered to be an early retiree if—
“(A)
the individual is under the age of 62 years as of the effective date of the cost-of-living increase involved (determined without regard to subsection (b));
“(B)
the annuity or retired or retainer pay of the individual is not computed in whole or in part based on any disability of the individual; and
“(C)
the annuity or retired or retainer pay of the individual is based upon the Government service of the individual.
“(3)
section 8340(b) of title 5 If the percentage increase in the price index for fiscal year 1983, 1984, or 1985 (as determined by the Office of Personnel Management under , United States Code) exceeds the assumed increase in the price index for that year, then the increase in the annuity or retired or retainer pay of an early retiree under paragraph (1) taking effect in that fiscal year shall be equal to—
“(A)
one-half of the assumed increase in the price index for that year, plus
“(B)
the amount by which the percentage increase in the price index exceeds the assumed price index increase.
section 8340(b) of title 5If the percentage increase in the price index for fiscal year 1985 (as determined by the Office of Personnel Management under , United States Code) is less than the assumed increase in the price index for that year, then the increase in the annuity or retired or retainer pay of an early retiree under paragraph (1) taking effect in that fiscal year shall be equal to the percentage increase in the price index for that year (as so determined).
“(4)
As used in this subsection—
“(A)
section 8331(15) of title 5 the term ‘price index’ has the meaning given such term in , United States Code; and
“(B)
the term ‘assumed increase in the price index’ means—
“(i)
6.6 percent, in the case of fiscal year 1983,
“(ii)
7.2 percent, in the case of fiscal year 1984, and
“(iii)
6.6 percent, in the case of fiscal year 1985.
“(5)
The amount of any survivor annuity which is based on the service of any early retiree subject to this subsection shall be computed as if this subsection had not been enacted.
“(b)

Pub. L. 98–270, title II, § 201(c)(2)98 Stat. 158 [Repealed. , , .]

“(c)
For purposes of this section, the term ‘cost-of-living increase under a Government retirement system’ means any increase under—
“(1)
section 8340(b) of title 5 , United States Code;
“(2)
22 U.S.C. 4066 section 826 of the Foreign Service Act of 1980 [];
“(3)
50 U.S.C. 403 the Central Intelligence Agency Act of 1964 for Certain Employees ([former] note);
“(4)
section 1401a(b) of title 10 , United States Code; or
“(5)
any other adjustment of any annuity under a retirement system for Government officers or employees which the President determines, by Executive order, is based on adjustments under any of the provisions referred to in the preceding paragraph.”
–(c), , , 791, as amended by , , ; , , , provided that:

Cost-of-Living Adjustment of Retired Pay or Retainer Pay of Members and Former Members of Armed Forces and Commissioned Officers of National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and Public Health Service; Effective Date of Amendment

section 801(c) of Pub. L. 94–36190 Stat. 929section 1401a of Title 10See provisions of , title VIII, , , set out as a note under , Armed Forces.