26 U.S.C. § 1016 | Adjustments to basis

(a)

General rule

Proper adjustment in respect of the property shall in all cases be made—

(1)

for expenditures, receipts, losses, or other items, properly chargeable to capital account, but no such adjustment shall be made—

(A)

for—

(i)

taxes or other carrying charges described in section 266; or

(ii)

expenditures described in section 173 (relating to circulation expenditures),

for which deductions have been taken by the taxpayer in determining taxable income for the taxable year or prior taxable years; or

(B)

for mortality, expense, or other reasonable charges incurred under an annuity or life insurance contract;

(2)

February 28, 1913 in respect of any period since , for exhaustion, wear and tear, obsolescence, amortization, and depletion, to the extent of the amount—

(A)

allowed as deductions in computing taxable income under this subtitle or prior income tax laws, and

(B)

resulting (by reason of the deductions so allowed) in a reduction for any taxable year of the taxpayer’s taxes under this subtitle (other than chapter 2, relating to tax on self-employment income), or prior income, war-profits, or excess-profits tax laws,

February 28, 1913January 1, 1952but not less than the amount allowable under this subtitle or prior income tax laws. Where no method has been adopted under section 167 (relating to depreciation deduction), the amount allowable shall be determined under the straight line method. Subparagraph (B) of this paragraph shall not apply in respect of any period since , and before , unless an election has been made under section 1020 (as in effect before the date of the enactment of the Tax Reform Act of 1976). Where for any taxable year before the taxable year 1932 the depletion allowance was based on discovery value or a percentage of income, then the adjustment for depletion for such year shall be based on the depletion which would have been allowable for such year if computed without reference to discovery value or a percentage of income;

(3)

in respect of any period—

(A)

March 1, 1913 before ,

(B)

February 28, 1913 since , during which such property was held by a person or an organization not subject to income taxation under this chapter or prior income tax laws,

(C)

February 28, 1913January 1, 1958 since , and before , during which such property was held by a person subject to tax under part I of subchapter L (or the corresponding provisions of prior income tax laws), to the extent that paragraph (2) does not apply, and

(D)

February 28, 1913 since , during which such property was held by a person subject to tax under part II of subchapter L as in effect prior to its repeal by the Tax Reform Act of 1986 (or the corresponding provisions of prior income tax laws), to the extent that paragraph (2) does not apply,

for exhaustion, wear and tear, obsolescence, amortization, and depletion, to the extent sustained;

(4)

40 Stat. 1057 42 Stat. 227 in the case of stock (to the extent not provided for in the foregoing paragraphs) for the amount of distributions previously made which, under the law applicable to the year in which the distribution was made, either were tax-free or were applicable in reduction of basis (not including distributions made by a corporation which was classified as a personal service corporation under the provisions of the Revenue Act of 1918 (), or the Revenue Act of 1921 (), out of its earnings or profits which were taxable in accordance with the provisions of section 218 of the Revenue Act of 1918 or 1921);

(5)

in the case of any bond (as defined in section 171(d)) the interest on which is wholly exempt from the tax imposed by this subtitle, to the extent of the amortizable bond premium disallowable as a deduction pursuant to section 171(a)(2), and in the case of any other bond (as defined in section 171(d)) to the extent of the deductions allowable pursuant to section 171(a)(1) (or the amount applied to reduce interest payments under section 171(e)(2)) with respect thereto;

(6)

in the case of any municipal bond (as defined in section 75(b)), to the extent provided in section 75(a)(2);

(7)

in the case of a residence the acquisition of which resulted, under section 1034 (as in effect on the day before the date of the enactment of the Taxpayer Relief Act of 1997), in the nonrecognition of any part of the gain realized on the sale, exchange, or involuntary conversion of another residence, to the extent provided in section 1034(e) (as so in effect);

(8)

in the case of property pledged to the Commodity Credit Corporation, to the extent of the amount received as a loan from the Commodity Credit Corporation and treated by the taxpayer as income for the year in which received pursuant to section 77, and to the extent of any deficiency on such loan with respect to which the taxpayer has been relieved from liability;

(9)

for amounts allowed as deductions as deferred expenses under section 616(b) (relating to certain expenditures in the development of mines) and resulting in a reduction of the taxpayer’s taxes under this subtitle, but not less than the amounts allowable under such section for the taxable year and prior years;

[(10)

Pub. L. 94–455, title XIX, § 1901(b)(21)(G)Oct. 4, 197690 Stat. 1798 Repealed. , , ]

(11)

for deductions to the extent disallowed under section 268 (relating to sale of land with unharvested crops), notwithstanding the provisions of any other paragraph of this subsection;

[(12)

Pub. L. 113–295, div. A, title II, § 221(a)(75)Dec. 19, 2014128 Stat. 4049 Repealed. , , ]

[(13)

Pub. L. 108–357, title IV, § 413(c)(19)Oct. 22, 2004118 Stat. 1509 Repealed. , , ]

(14)

for amounts allowed as deductions under section 174 or 174A(c) and resulting in a reduction of the taxpayers’ taxes under this subtitle, but not less than the amounts allowable under such section for the taxable year and prior years;

(15)

for deductions to the extent disallowed under section 272 (relating to disposal of coal or domestic iron ore), notwithstanding the provisions of any other paragraph of this subsection;

(16)

in the case of any evidence of indebtedness referred to in section 811(b) (relating to amortization of premium and accrual of discount in the case of life insurance companies), to the extent of the adjustments required under section 811(b) (or the corresponding provisions of prior income tax laws) for the taxable year and all prior taxable years;

(17)

to the extent provided in section 1367 in the case of stock of, and indebtedness owed to, shareholders of an S corporation;

(18)

to the extent provided in section 961 in the case of stock in controlled foreign corporations (or foreign corporations which were controlled foreign corporations) and of property by reason of which a person is considered as owning such stock;

(19)

to the extent provided in section 50(c), in the case of expenditures with respect to which a credit has been allowed under section 38;

(20)

for amounts allowed as deductions under section 59(e) (relating to optional 10-year writeoff of certain tax preferences);

(21)

to the extent provided in section 1059 (relating to reduction in basis for extraordinary dividends);

(22)

1 So in original. The comma probably should be a semicolon.

in the case of qualified replacement property the acquisition of which resulted under section 1042 in the nonrecognition of any part of the gain realized on the sale or exchange of any property, to the extent provided in section 1042(d),

(23)

¹ in the case of property the acquisition of which resulted under section 1043, 1045, or 1397B in the nonrecognition of any part of the gain realized on the sale of other property, to the extent provided in section 1043(c), 1045(b)(3), or 1397B(b)(4), as the case may be,

[(24)

Pub. L. 113–295, div. A, title II, § 221(a)(34)(G)Dec. 19, 2014128 Stat. 4042 Repealed. , , ]

[(25)

Pub. L. 113–295, div. A, title II, § 221(a)(2)(D)Dec. 19, 2014128 Stat. 4037 Repealed. , , ]

(26)

¹ to the extent provided in sections 23(g) and 137(e),

[(27)

Pub. L. 115–141, div. U, title IV, § 401(d)(4)(B)(iv)Mar. 23, 2018132 Stat. 1209 Repealed. , , ]

(28)

¹ in the case of a facility with respect to which a credit was allowed under section 45F, to the extent provided in section 45F(f)(1),

(29)

¹ in the case of railroad track with respect to which a credit was allowed under section 45G, to the extent provided in section 45G(e)(3),

(30)

¹ to the extent provided in section 179B(c),

(31)

¹ to the extent provided in section 179D(e),

(32)

¹ to the extent provided in section 45L(e), in the case of amounts with respect to which a credit has been allowed under section 45L,

(33)

¹ to the extent provided in section 25C(g), in the case of amounts with respect to which a credit has been allowed under section 25C,

(34)

¹ to the extent provided in section 25D(f), in the case of amounts with respect to which a credit has been allowed under section 25D,

(35)

¹ to the extent provided in section 30B(h)(4),

(36)

¹ to the extent provided in section 30C(e)(1),

(37)

¹ to the extent provided in section 30D(f)(1), and

(38)

to the extent provided in subsections (b)(2) and (c) of section 1400Z–2.

(b)

Substituted basis

Whenever it appears that the basis of property in the hands of the taxpayer is a substituted basis, then the adjustments provided in subsection (a) shall be made after first making in respect of such substituted basis proper adjustments of a similar nature in respect of the period during which the property was held by the transferor, donor, or grantor, or during which the other property was held by the person for whom the basis is to be determined. A similar rule shall be applied in the case of a series of substituted bases.

(c)

Increase in basis of property on which additional estate tax is imposed

(1)

Tax imposed with respect to entire interest

If an additional estate tax is imposed under section 2032A(c)(1) with respect to any interest in property and the qualified heir makes an election under this subsection with respect to the imposition of such tax, the adjusted basis of such interest shall be increased by an amount equal to the excess of—

(A)

the fair market value of such interest on the date of the decedent’s death (or the alternate valuation date under section 2032, if the executor of the decedent’s estate elected the application of such section), over

(B)

the value of such interest determined under section 2032A(a).

(2)

Partial dispositions

(A)

In general

In the case of any partial disposition for which an election under this subsection is made, the increase in basis under paragraph (1) shall be an amount—

(i)

which bears the same ratio to the increase which would be determined under paragraph (1) (without regard to this paragraph) with respect to the entire interest, as

(ii)

the amount of the tax imposed under section 2032A(c)(1) with respect to such disposition bears to the adjusted tax difference attributable to the entire interest (as determined under section 2032A(c)(2)(B)).

(B)

Partial disposition

For purposes of subparagraph (A), the term “partial disposition” means any disposition or cessation to which subsection (c)(2)(D), (h)(1)(B), or (i)(1)(B) of section 2032A applies.

(3)

Time adjustment made

Any increase in basis under this subsection shall be deemed to have occurred immediately before the disposition or cessation resulting in the imposition of the tax under section 2032A(c)(1).

(4)

Special rule in the case of substituted property

If the tax under section 2032A(c)(1) is imposed with respect to qualified replacement property (as defined in section 2032A(h)(3)(B)) or qualified exchange property (as defined in section 2032A(i)(3)), the increase in basis under paragraph (1) shall be made by reference to the property involuntarily converted or exchanged (as the case may be).

(5)

Election

(A)

In general

An election under this subsection shall be made at such time and in such manner as the Secretary shall by regulations prescribe. Such an election, once made, shall be irrevocable.

(B)

Interest on recaptured amount

If an election is made under this subsection with respect to any additional estate tax imposed under section 2032A(c)(1), for purposes of section 6601 (relating to interest on underpayments), the last date prescribed for payment of such tax shall be deemed to be the last date prescribed for payment of the tax imposed by section 2001 with respect to the estate of the decedent (as determined for purposes of section 6601).

(d)

Reduction in basis of automobile on which gas guzzler tax was imposed

If—

(1)

the taxpayer acquires any automobile with respect to which a tax was imposed by section 4064, and

(2)

the use of such automobile by the taxpayer begins not more than 1 year after the date of the first sale for ultimate use of such automobile,

the basis of such automobile shall be reduced by the amount of the tax imposed by section 4064 with respect to such automobile. In the case of importation, if the date of entry or withdrawal from warehouse for consumption is later than the date of the first sale for ultimate use, such later date shall be substituted for the date of such first sale in the preceding sentence.

(e)

Cross reference

For treatment of separate mineral interests as one property, see section 614.

Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736 68A Stat. 299 June 29, 1956, ch. 464, § 4(c) 70 Stat. 407 Pub. L. 85–866, title ISept. 2, 195872 Stat. 1607 Pub. L. 86–69, § 3(d)June 25, 195973 Stat. 139 Pub. L. 87–834Oct. 16, 196276 Stat. 972 Pub. L. 88–272, title IIFeb. 26, 196478 Stat. 34 Pub. L. 91–172, title II, § 231(c)(3)Dec. 30, 196983 Stat. 580 Pub. L. 94–455, title XIX, § 1901(a)(123)Oct. 4, 197690 Stat. 1784 Pub. L. 95–472, § 4(b)Oct. 17, 197892 Stat. 1335 Pub. L. 95–600, title V, § 515(2)Nov. 6, 197892 Stat. 2884 Pub. L. 95–618, title I, § 101(b)(3)Nov. 9, 197892 Stat. 3179 Pub. L. 96–222, title IApr. 1, 198094 Stat. 221 Pub. L. 96–223, title IV, § 401(a)Apr. 2, 198094 Stat. 299 Pub. L. 97–34, title II, § 212(d)(2)(G)Aug. 13, 198195 Stat. 239 Pub. L. 97–248, title IISept. 3, 198296 Stat. 418 Pub. L. 97–354, § 5(a)(33)Oct. 19, 198296 Stat. 1695 Pub. L. 98–369, div. A, title IJuly 18, 198498 Stat. 558 Pub. L. 99–514, title II, § 241(b)(2)Oct. 22, 1986100 Stat. 2181 Pub. L. 100–647, title INov. 10, 1988102 Stat. 3411 Pub. L. 101–194, title V, § 502(b)(2)Nov. 30, 1989103 Stat. 1755 Pub. L. 101–508, title XINov. 5, 1990104 Stat. 1388–522 Pub. L. 102–486, title XIX, § 1913(a)(3)(A)Oct. 24, 1992106 Stat. 3019 Pub. L. 103–66, title XIIIAug. 10, 1993107 Stat. 431 Pub. L. 104–188, title IAug. 20, 1996110 Stat. 1890 Pub. L. 105–34, title IIIAug. 5, 1997111 Stat. 840 Pub. L. 106–554, § 1(a)(7) [title I, § 116(b)(1)]Dec. 21, 2000114 Stat. 2763 Pub. L. 107–16, title II, § 205(b)(3)June 7, 2001115 Stat. 53 Pub. L. 108–357, title II, § 245(c)(2)Oct. 22, 2004118 Stat. 1448 Pub. L. 109–58, title XIIIAug. 8, 2005119 Stat. 1023 Pub. L. 109–135, title IV, § 412(nn)Dec. 21, 2005119 Stat. 2639 Pub. L. 110–172Dec. 29, 2007121 Stat. 2481 Pub. L. 110–343, div. B, title II, § 205(d)(2)Oct. 3, 2008122 Stat. 3839 Pub. L. 111–5, div. B, title IFeb. 17, 2009123 Stat. 328 Pub. L. 111–148, title X, § 10909(b)(2)(L)Mar. 23, 2010124 Stat. 1023 Pub. L. 111–312, title I, § 101(b)(1)Dec. 17, 2010124 Stat. 3298 Pub. L. 113–295, div. A, title IIDec. 19, 2014128 Stat. 4030 Pub. L. 115–97, title IDec. 22, 2017131 Stat. 2133 Pub. L. 115–141, div. U, title IV, § 401(a)(166)Mar. 23, 2018132 Stat. 1192 Pub. L. 117–169, title I, § 13301(f)(3)(B)Aug. 16, 2022136 Stat. 1945 Pub. L. 119–21, title VII, § 70302(b)(10)July 4, 2025139 Stat. 192 (, ; , ; , §§ 2(b), 64(d)(2), , , 1656; , , ; , §§ 2(f), 8(g)(2), 12(b)(4), , , 998, 1031; , §§ 203(a)(3)(C), 225(j)(2), 227(b)(5), , , 93, 98; , title V, §§ 504(c)(4), 516(c)(2)(B), , , 633, 648; , (b)(1)(F)(ii), (21)(G), (29)(A), (30)(A), title XX, § 2005(a)(3), , , 1790, 1798, 1799, 1876; , , ; , title VI, § 601(b)(3), title VII, § 702(r)(3), , , 2896, 2938; , title II, § 201(b), , , 3183; , §§ 106(a)(2), (3), 107(a)(2)(C), , , 222; , (c)(1), , , 300; , title IV, § 421(g), , , 310; , §§ 201(c)(2), 205(a)(5)(B), , , 429; , , ; , §§ 43(a)(2), 53(d)(3), title II, § 211(b)(14), title IV, § 474(r)(23), title V, § 541(b)(2), , , 568, 756, 844, 890; , title VII, § 701(e)(4)(D), title XIII, § 1303(b)(3), title XVIII, § 1899A(25), , , 2343, 2658, 2959; , §§ 1006(j)(1)(B), 1018(u)(22), , , 3591; , , ; , §§ 11801(c)(1), 11812(b)(10), 11813(b)(19), , , 1388–535, 1388–555; , (b)(2)(B), , , 3020; , §§ 13114(b), 13213(a)(2)(F), 13261(f)(3), , , 474, 539; , §§ 1704(t)(56), 1807(c)(5), , , 1902; , §§ 312(d)(6), 313(b)(1), title VII, § 701(b)(2), , , 842, 869; , , , 2763A–603; , , ; , title III, §§ 338(b)(4), 339(d), title IV, § 413(c)(19), , , 1481, 1484, 1509; , §§ 1331(b)(1), 1332(c), 1333(b)(1), 1335(b)(4), 1341(b)(2), 1342(b)(2), , , 1026, 1029, 1036, 1049, 1051; , , ; , §§ 7(a)(1)(C), 11(a)(21), (22), , , 2486; , , ; , §§ 1141(b)(3), 1142(b)(6), , , 331; , (c), , ; , , ; , §§ 209(j)(2), 221(a)(2)(D), (34)(G), (75), , , 4037, 4042, 4049; , §§ 13313(b), 13521(a), 13823(b), , , 2151, 2188; , (d)(4)(B)(iv), , , 1209; , , ; , , .)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Pub. L. 94–455, title XIX, § 1901(a)(125)Oct. 4, 197690 Stat. 1784 Section 1020, referred to in subsec. (a)(2), was repealed by , , .

Pub. L. 94–455Oct. 4, 197690 Stat. 1520 Oct. 4, 1976The Tax Reform Act of 1976, referred to in subsec. (a)(2), is , , , which was enacted . For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.

Pub. L. 99–514Oct. 22, 1986100 Stat. 2085 Pub. L. 99–514, title X, § 1024(a)(1)Oct. 22, 1986100 Stat. 2405 The Tax Reform Act of 1986, referred to in subsec. (a)(3)(D), is , , . Part II of subchapter L of this chapter was repealed and part III of subchapter L of this chapter was redesignated as part II by , (2), , .

40 Stat. 1057 act Feb. 24, 1919, ch. 18 40 Stat. 1057 The Revenue Act of 1918 (), referred to in subsec. (a)(4), is , . For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.

42 Stat. 227 act Nov. 23, 1921, ch. 136 42 Stat. 227 The Revenue Act of 1921 (), referred to in subsec. (a)(4), is , . For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.

Section 218 of the Revenue Act of 1918 or 1921, referred to in subsec. (a)(4), was not classified to the Code.

Pub. L. 105–34Aug. 5, 1997The date of the enactment of the Taxpayer Relief Act of 1997, referred to in subsec. (a)(7), is the date of enactment of , which was approved .

Codification

Section 10909(b)(2)(L) of Pub. L. 111–148, which directed the amendment of section 1016(a)(26) without specifying the act to be amended, was executed to this section, which is section 1016 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, to reflect the probable intent of Congress. See 2010 Amendment note below.

Amendments

Pub. L. 119–212025—Subsec. (a)(14). substituted “deductions under section 174 or 174A(c)” for “deductions as deferred expenses under section 174(b)(1) (relating to research and experimental expenditures)”.

Pub. L. 117–1692022—Subsec. (a)(33). substituted “section 25C(g)” for “section 25C(f)”.

Pub. L. 115–141, § 401(a)(166)2018—Subsec. (a)(3)(D). , inserted “as in effect prior to its repeal by the Tax Reform Act of 1986” before “(or the corresponding provisions of prior income tax laws)”.

Pub. L. 115–141, § 401(d)(4)(B)(iv)Subsec. (a)(27). , struck out par. (27) which read as follows: “in the case of a residence with respect to which a credit was allowed under section 1400C, to the extent provided in section 1400C(h),”.

Pub. L. 115–97, § 13521(a)2017—Subsec. (a)(1). , substituted subpars. (A) and (B) for former subpars. (A) and (B) and concluding provisions which read as follows:

“(A) for taxes or other carrying charges described in section 266, or

“(B) for expenditures described in section 173 (relating to circulation expenditures),

for which deductions have been taken by the taxpayer in determining taxable income for the taxable year or prior taxable years;”.

Pub. L. 115–97, § 13313(b)Subsec. (a)(23). , struck out “1044,” after “section 1043,” and “1044(d),” after “section 1043(c),”.

Pub. L. 115–97, § 13823(b)Subsec. (a)(38). , added par. (38).

Pub. L. 113–295, § 221(a)(75)2014—Subsec. (a)(12). , struck out par. (12) which read as follows: “to the extent provided in section 28(h) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1939 in the case of amounts specified in a shareholder’s consent made under section 28 of such code;”.

Pub. L. 113–295, § 221(a)(34)(G)Subsec. (a)(24). , struck out par. (24) which read as follows: “to the extent provided in section 179A(e)(6)(A),”.

Pub. L. 113–295, § 221(a)(2)(D)Subsec. (a)(25). , struck out par. (25) which read as follows: “to the extent provided in section 30(e)(1),”.

Pub. L. 113–295, § 209(j)(2)Subsec. (a)(37). , substituted “section 30D(f)(1)” for “section 30D(e)(4)”.

Pub. L. 111–148, § 10909(b)(2)(L)Pub. L. 111–3122010—Subsec. (a)(26). , (c), as amended by , temporarily substituted “36C(g)” for “23(g)”. See Codification note above and Effective and Termination Dates of 2010 Amendment note below.

Pub. L. 111–5, § 1142(b)(6)2009—Subsec. (a)(25). , substituted “section 30(e)(1)” for “section 30(d)(1)”.

Pub. L. 111–5, § 1141(b)(3), which directed amendment of subsec. (a)(25) by substituting “section 30D(f)(1)” for “section 30D(e)(4)”, could not be executed because “section 30D(e)(4)” did not appear in text.

Pub. L. 110–3432008—Subsec. (a)(37). added par. (37).

Pub. L. 110–172, § 7(a)(1)(C)2007—Subsec. (a)(31), (32). , redesignated pars. (32) and (33) as (31) and (32), respectively, and struck out former par. (31) which read as follows: “in the case of a facility with respect to which a credit was allowed under section 45H, to the extent provided in section 45H(d),”.

Pub. L. 110–172, § 11(a)(21)Subsec. (a)(33). , substituted “section 25C(f)” for “section 25C(e)”.

Pub. L. 110–172, § 7(a)(1)(C), redesignated par. (34) as (33). Former par. (33) redesignated (32).

Pub. L. 110–172, § 7(a)(1)(C)Subsec. (a)(34), (35). , redesignated pars. (35) and (36) as (34) and (35), respectively. Former par. (34) redesignated (33).

Pub. L. 110–172, § 11(a)(22)Subsec. (a)(36). , substituted “section 30C(e)(1)” for “section 30C(f)”.

Pub. L. 110–172, § 7(a)(1)(C), redesignated par. (37) as (36). Former par. (36) redesignated (35).

Pub. L. 110–172, § 7(a)(1)(C)Subsec. (a)(37). , redesignated par. (37) as (36).

Pub. L. 109–1352005—Subsec. (a)(23). substituted “1045(b)(3)” for “1045(b)(4)”.

Pub. L. 109–58, § 1331(b)(1)Subsec. (a)(32). , added par. (32).

Pub. L. 109–58, § 1332(c)Subsec. (a)(33). , added par. (33).

Pub. L. 109–58, § 1333(b)(1)Subsec. (a)(34). , added par. (34).

Pub. L. 109–58, § 1335(b)(4)Subsec. (a)(35). , added par. (35).

Pub. L. 109–58, § 1341(b)(2)Subsec. (a)(36). , added par. (36).

Pub. L. 109–58, § 1342(b)(2)Subsec. (a)(37). , added par. (37).

Pub. L. 108–357, § 413(c)(19)2004—Subsec. (a)(13). , struck out par. (13) which read as follows: “to the extent provided in section 551(e) in the case of the stock of United States shareholders in a foreign personal holding company;”.

Pub. L. 108–357, § 245(c)(2)Subsec. (a)(29). , added par. (29).

Pub. L. 108–357, § 338(b)(4)Subsec. (a)(30). , added par. (30).

Pub. L. 108–357, § 339(d)Subsec. (a)(31). , added par. (31).

Pub. L. 107–162001—Subsec. (a)(28). added par. (28).

Pub. L. 106–5542000—Subsec. (a)(23). substituted “1045, or 1397B” for “or 1045” and “1045(b)(4), or 1397B(b)(4)” for “or 1045(b)(4)”.

Pub. L. 105–34, § 312(d)(6)1997—Subsec. (a)(7). , inserted “(as in effect on the day before the date of the enactment of the Taxpayer Relief Act of 1997)” after “section 1034” and “(as so in effect)” after “section 1034(e)”.

Pub. L. 105–34, § 313(b)(1)Subsec. (a)(23). , substituted “, 1044, or 1045” for “or 1044” and “, 1044(d), or 1045(b)(4)” for “or 1044(d)”.

Pub. L. 105–34, § 701(b)(2)Subsec. (a)(27). , added par. (27).

Pub. L. 104–188, § 1704(t)(56)section 11813(b)(19) of Pub. L. 101–5081996—Subsec. (a)(20). , provided that shall be applied as if “Paragraph (20) of section 1016(a), as redesignated by section 11801,” appeared instead of “paragraph (21) of section 1016(a)”. See 1990 Amendment note below.

Pub. L. 104–188, § 1807(c)(5)Subsec. (a)(26). , added par. (26).

Pub. L. 103–66, § 13261(f)(3)1993—Subsec. (a)(19) to (23). , redesignated pars. (20) to (24) as (19) to (23), respectively, and struck out former par. (19) which read as follows: “for amounts allowed as deductions for payments made on account of transfers of franchises, trademarks, or trade names under section 1253(d)(2);”.

Pub. L. 103–66, § 13261(f)(3)Subsec. (a)(24). , redesignated par. (25) as (24). Former par. (24) redesignated (23).

Pub. L. 103–66, § 13114(b), substituted “section 1043 or 1044” for “section 1043” and “section 1043(c) or 1044(d), as the case may be” for “section 1043(c)”.

Pub. L. 103–66, § 13261(f)(3)Subsec. (a)(25), (26). , redesignated pars. (25) and (26) as (24) and (25), respectively.

Pub. L. 103–66, § 13213(a)(2)(F)Subsec. (e). , amended heading and text of subsec. (e) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows:

“(1) For treatment of certain expenses incident to the purchase of a residence which were deducted as moving expenses by the taxpayer or his spouse under section 217(a), see section 217(e).

“(2) For treatment of separate mineral interests as one property, see section 614.”

Pub. L. 102–4861992—Subsec. (a)(25), (26). added pars. (25) and (26).

Pub. L. 101–508, § 11812(b)(10)1990—Subsec. (a)(2). , substituted “under the straight line method” for “under section 167(b)(1)” in concluding provisions.

Pub. L. 101–508, § 11813(b)(19)Subsec. (a)(20). , which directed the amendment of subsec. (a)(21) by striking “section 48(q)” and inserting “section 50(c)”, was executed to subsec. (a)(20). See 1996 Amendment note above.

Pub. L. 101–508, § 11801(c)(1), redesignated par. (21) as (20) and struck out former par. (20) which read as follows: “to the extent provided in section 23(e), in the case of property with respect to which a credit has been allowed under section 23;”.

Pub. L. 101–508, § 11801(c)(1)Subsec. (a)(21) to (25). , redesignated pars. (21) to (25) as (20) to (24), respectively.

Pub. L. 101–1941989—Subsec. (a)(25). added par. (25).

Pub. L. 100–647, § 1006(j)(1)(B)1988—Subsec. (a)(5). , inserted “(or the amount applied to reduce interest payments under section 171(e)(2))” after “allowable pursuant to section 171(a)(1)”.

Pub. L. 100–647, § 1018(u)(22)Subsec. (a)(21) to (26). , added pars. (21) to (24) and struck out former pars. (23) to (26) which read as follows:

“(23) to the extent provided in section 48(q) in the case of expenditures with respect to which a credit has been allowed under section 38;

“(24) for amounts allowed as deductions under section 59(d) (relating to optional 10-year writeoff of certain tax preferences);

“(25) to the extent provided in section 1059 (relating to reduction in basis for extraordinary dividends); and

“(26) in the case of qualified replacement property, the acquisition of which resulted under section 1042 in the nonrecognition of any part of the gain realized on the sale or exchange of any property, to the extent provided in section 1042(c).”

Former pars. (21) and (22) had been struck out previously.

Pub. L. 99–514, § 1899A(25)1986—Subsec. (a). , which directed the amendment of pars. (23) to (26) by substituting a semicolon for a comma at the end thereof was executed to pars. (24) to (26) in view of the prior repeal of par. (23).

Pub. L. 99–514, § 1303(b)(3)section 241(b)(2) of Pub. L. 99–514, which directed the amendment of subsec. (a) by striking out par. (22) and redesignating pars. (23) to (27) as (22) to (26), respectively, was executed by striking out par. (21) to reflect the probable intent of Congress in view of the amendment by . Prior to the amendment, par. (21) read as follows: “to the extent provided in section 1395 in the case of stock of shareholders of a general stock ownership corporation (as defined in section 1391) which makes the election provided by section 1392;”.

Pub. L. 99–514, § 241(b)(2), redesignated pars. (17) to (27) as (16) to (26), respectively, and struck out former par. (16) which read as follows: “for amounts allowed as deductions for expenditures treated as deferred expenses under section 177 (relating to trademark and trade name expenditures) and resulting in a reduction of the taxpayer’s taxes under this subtitle, but not less than the amounts allowable under such section for the taxable year and prior years;”.

Pub. L. 99–514, § 701(e)(4)(D)Subsec. (a)(24). , substituted “section 59(d)” for “section 58(i)”.

Pub. L. 98–369, § 211(b)(14)1984—Subsec. (a)(17). , substituted “section 811(b)” for “section 818(b)” in two places.

Pub. L. 98–369, § 474(r)(23)Subsec. (a)(21). , substituted “section 23(e)” for “section 44C(e)” and “section 23” for “section 44C”.

Pub. L. 98–369, § 53(d)(3)Subsec. (a)(26). , added par. (26).

Pub. L. 98–369, § 541(b)(2)Subsec. (a)(27). , added par. (27).

Pub. L. 98–369, § 43(a)(2)section 7701(a)(42) of this titleSubsec. (b). , struck out “The term ‘substituted basis’ as used in this section means a basis determined under any provision of this subchapter and subchapters C (relating to corporate distributions and adjustments), K (relating to partners and partnerships), and P (relating to capital gains and losses), or under any corresponding provision of a prior income tax law, providing that the basis shall be determined (1) by reference to the basis in the hands of a transferor, donor, or grantor, or (2) by reference to other property held at any time by the person for whom the basis is to be determined.” See .

Pub. L. 97–3541982—Subsec. (a)(18). substituted “section 1367” for “section 1376”, “indebtedness owed to” for “indebtedness owing”, and “an S corporation” for “an electing small business corporation (as defined in section 1371(b))”.

Pub. L. 97–248, § 205(a)(5)(B)Subsec. (a)(24). , substituted “to the extent provided in section 48(q)” for “to the extent provided in section 48(g)(5)”.

Pub. L. 97–248, § 201(c)(2)Subsec. (a)(25). , added par. (25).

Pub. L. 97–34, § 212(d)(2)(G)1981—Subsec. (a)(24). , added par. (24).

Pub. L. 97–34, § 421(g)Subsec. (c). , substituted provisions respecting increase in basis of property on which additional estate tax is imposed for provisions for increase in basis in the case of certain involuntary conversions, if such compulsory or involuntary conversions are within the meaning of section 1033, and an additional estate tax is imposed under section 2032A, and provisions respecting time adjustment made.

Pub. L. 96–222, § 106(a)(2)1980—Subsec. (a)(22). , redesignated par. (21), relating to the extent provided in section 1395 in the case of stock of shareholders of a general stock ownership corporation, as (22).

Pub. L. 96–223, § 401(a)Pub. L. 94–455, § 2005(a)(3)Pub. L. 95–600, § 702(r)(3)Subsec. (a)(23). , repealed the amendments made by , and . See 1976 and 1978 Amendment notes below.

Pub. L. 96–223, § 401(c)(1)section 1023 of this titleSubsec. (c). , struck out provision relating to the net appreciation of in value of certain property and struck out references to .

Pub. L. 95–618, § 101(b)(3)1978—Subsec. (a)(21). , added par. (21) relating to an adjustment to the extent provided in section 44C.

Pub. L. 95–600, § 601(b)(3)Pub. L. 96–222, § 106(a)(3), as amended by , added par. (21) relating to an adjustment to the extent provided in section 1395.

Pub. L. 95–600, § 702(r)(3)Pub. L. 96–222, § 107(a)(2)(C)Pub. L. 96–223, § 401(a)Subsec. (a)(23). , which redesignated par. (23) as (21), was repealed by , and . See Repeals note below.

Pub. L. 95–600, § 515(2)December 31, 1979December 31, 1976, substituted “” for “”.

Pub. L. 95–472Subsec. (c). added subsec. (c). Former subsec. (c) redesignated (d).

Pub. L. 95–618, § 201(b)Subsec. (d). , added subsec. (d). Former subsec. (d) redesignated (e).

Pub. L. 95–472 redesignated former subsec. (c) as (d).

Pub. L. 95–618, § 201(b)Subsec. (e). , redesignated former subsec. (d) as (e).

Pub. L. 94–455, § 1901(b)(29)(A)1976—Subsec. (a)(2). , inserted “(as in effect before the date of the enactment of the Tax Reform Act of 1976)” after “under section 1020”.

Pub. L. 94–455, § 1901(b)(21)(G)section 615(b) of this titleSubsec. (a)(10). , struck out par. (10) which related to adjustment for the amounts allowed as deductions as deferred expenses under .

Pub. L. 94–455, § 1901(b)(1)(F)(ii)Subsec. (a)(13). , substituted “section 551(e)” for “section 551(f)”.

Pub. L. 94–455, § 1901(a)(123)Subsec. (a)(19). , (b)(30)(A), redesignated par. (20) as (19). Former par. (19), which related to adjustment of section 38 property to the extent provided in sections 48(g) and 203 of this title, was struck out.

Pub. L. 94–455, § 1901(b)(30)(A)Subsec. (a)(20). , redesignated par. (22) as (20). Former par. (20) redesignated (19).

Pub. L. 94–455, § 1901(b)(30)(A)section 1022 of this titleSubsec. (a)(21). , struck out par. (21) which related to property adjustment to the extent provided in .

Pub. L. 94–455, § 1901(b)(30)(A)Subsec. (a)(22). , redesignated par. (22) as (20).

Pub. L. 94–455, § 2005(a)(3)Subsec. (a)(23). , added par. (23). See Repeals note below.

Pub. L. 91–172, § 516(c)(2)(B)1969—Subsec. (a)(22). , added par. (22).

Pub. L. 91–172, § 504(c)(4)Subsec. (a)(10). , limited exploration expenditures referred to in this par. to pre-1970 exploration expenditures.

Pub. L. 91–172, § 231(c)(3)Subsec. (c). , redesignated existing provisions as par. (2) and added par. (1).

Pub. L. 88–272, § 227(b)(5)1964—Subsec. (a)(15). , inserted “or domestic iron ore”.

Pub. L. 88–272, § 203(a)(3)(C)Subsec. (a)(19). , inserted “and in section 203(a)(2) of the Revenue Act of 1964”.

Pub. L. 88–272, § 225(j)(2)Subsec. (a)(21). , added par. (21).

Pub. L. 87–834, § 8(g)(2)1962—Subsec. (a)(3)(D). , added subpar. (D).

Pub. L. 87–834, § 2(f)Subsec. (a)(19). , added par. (19).

Pub. L. 87–834, § 12(b)(4)Subsec. (a)(20). , added par. (20).

Pub. L. 86–69, § 3(d)(1)1959—Subsec. (a)(3)(C). , added subpar. (C).

Pub. L. 86–69, § 3(d)(2)Subsec. (a)(17). , added par. (17).

Pub. L. 85–866, § 2(b)1958—Subsec. (a)(6). , struck out “short-term” before “municipal bond”.

Pub. L. 85–866, § 64(d)(2)Subsec. (a)(18). , added par. (18).

June 29, 19561956—Subsec. (a)(16). Act , added par. (16).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2025 Amendment

Pub. L. 119–21Dec. 31, 2024Jan. 1, 2025Pub. L. 119–21 section 174A of this titleAmendment by applicable to amounts paid or incurred in taxable years beginning after , subject to election for retroactive application by certain small businesses and election to deduct certain unamortized amounts paid or incurred in taxable years beginning before , see section 70302(e), (f) of , set out as an Effective Date note under .

Effective Date of 2022 Amendment

Pub. L. 117–169Dec. 31, 2022section 13301(i)(1) of Pub. L. 117–169 section 25C of this titleAmendment by applicable to property placed in service after , see , set out in a note under .

Effective Date of 2017 Amendment

Pub. L. 115–97, title I, § 13313(c)Dec. 22, 2017131 Stat. 2133

section 1044 of this titleDecember 31, 2017“The amendments made by this section [amending this section and repealing ] shall apply to sales after .”

, , , provided that:

Pub. L. 115–97, title I, § 13521(b)Dec. 22, 2017131 Stat. 2151

August 25, 2009“The amendment made by this section [amending this section] shall apply to transactions entered into after .”

, , , provided that:

Pub. L. 115–97, title I, § 13823(d)Dec. 22, 2017131 Stat. 2188

Dec. 22, 2017“The amendments made by this section [enacting subchapter Z of this chapter and amending this section] shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act [].”

, , , provided that:

Effective Date of 2014 Amendment

section 209(j)(2) of Pub. L. 113–295 Pub. L. 111–5 section 209(k) of Pub. L. 113–295 section 24 of this titleAmendment by effective as if included in the provisions of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Tax Act of 2009, , to which such amendment relates, see , set out as a note under .

Pub. L. 113–295Dec. 19, 2014section 221(b) of Pub. L. 113–295 section 1 of this titleAmendment by section 221(a)(2)(D), (34)(G), (75) of effective , subject to a savings provision, see , set out as a note under .

Effective and Termination Dates of 2010 Amendment

Pub. L. 111–148Dec. 31, 2011section 10909(c) of Pub. L. 111–148 section 1 of this titleAmendment by terminated applicable to taxable years beginning after , and section is amended to read as if such amendment had never been enacted, see , set out as a note under .

Pub. L. 111–148Dec. 31, 2009section 10909(d) of Pub. L. 111–148 section 1 of this titleAmendment by applicable to taxable years beginning after , see , set out as a note under .

Effective Date of 2009 Amendment

section 1141(b)(3) of Pub. L. 111–5Dec. 31, 2009section 1141(c) of Pub. L. 111–5 section 30B of this titleAmendment by applicable to vehicles acquired after , see , set out as a note under .

section 1142(b)(6) of Pub. L. 111–5Feb. 17, 2009section 1142(c) of Pub. L. 111–5 section 24 of this titleAmendment by applicable to vehicles acquired after , see , set out as an Effective and Termination Dates of 2009 Amendment note under .

Effective Date of 2008 Amendment

Pub. L. 110–343Dec. 31, 2008section 205(e) of Pub. L. 110–343 section 24 of this titleAmendment by applicable to taxable years beginning after , see , set out as an Effective and Termination Dates of 2008 Amendment note under .

Effective Date of 2007 Amendment

section 7(a)(1)(C) of Pub. L. 110–172 Pub. L. 108–357 section 7(e) of Pub. L. 110–172 section 1092 of this titleAmendment by effective as if included in the provision of the American Jobs Creation Act of 2004, , to which such amendment relates, see , set out as a note under .

Effective Date of 2005 Amendment

section 1331(b)(1) of Pub. L. 109–58Dec. 31, 2005section 1331(d) of Pub. L. 109–58 section 179D of this titleAmendment by applicable to property placed in service after , see , set out as an Effective Date note under .

section 1332(c) of Pub. L. 109–58Dec. 31, 2005section 1332(f) of Pub. L. 109–58 section 38 of this titleAmendment by applicable to qualified new energy efficient homes acquired after , in taxable years ending after such date, see , set out as a note under .

section 1333(b)(1) of Pub. L. 109–58Dec. 31, 2005section 1333(c) of Pub. L. 109–58 section 25C of this titleAmendment by applicable to property placed in service after , see , set out as an Effective Date note under .

section 1335(b)(4) of Pub. L. 109–58Dec. 31, 2005section 1335(c) of Pub. L. 109–58 section 23 of this titleAmendment by applicable to property placed in service after , in taxable years ending after such date, see , set out as a note under .

section 1341(b)(2) of Pub. L. 109–58Dec. 31, 2005section 1341(c) of Pub. L. 109–58 section 30B of this titleAmendment by applicable to property placed in service after , in taxable years ending after such date, see , set out as an Effective Date note under .

section 1342(b)(2) of Pub. L. 109–58Dec. 31, 2005section 1342(c) of Pub. L. 109–58 section 30C of this titleAmendment by applicable to property placed in service after , in taxable years ending after such date, see , set out as an Effective Date note under .

Effective Date of 2004 Amendment

section 245(c)(2) of Pub. L. 108–357Dec. 31, 2004section 245(e) of Pub. L. 108–357 section 38 of this titleAmendment by applicable to taxable years beginning after , see , set out as a note under .

section 338(b)(4) of Pub. L. 108–357Dec. 31, 2002section 338(c) of Pub. L. 108–357 section 179B of this titleAmendment by applicable to expenses paid or incurred after , in taxable years ending after such date, see , set out as an Effective Date note under .

section 339(d) of Pub. L. 108–357Dec. 31, 2002section 339(f) of Pub. L. 108–357 section 38 of this titleAmendment by applicable to expenses paid or incurred after , in taxable years ending after such date, see , set out as a note under .

section 413(c)(19) of Pub. L. 108–357Dec. 31, 2004section 413(d)(1) of Pub. L. 108–357 section 1 of this titleAmendment by applicable to taxable years of foreign corporations beginning after , and to taxable years of United States shareholders with or within which such taxable years of foreign corporations end, see , set out as an Effective and Termination Dates of 2004 Amendments note under .

Effective Date of 2001 Amendment

Pub. L. 107–16Dec. 31, 2001section 205(c) of Pub. L. 107–16 section 38 of this titleAmendment by applicable to taxable years beginning after , see , set out as a note under .

Effective Date of 2000 Amendment

Pub. L. 106–554, § 1(a)(7) [title I, § 116(c)]Dec. 21, 2000114 Stat. 2763

Dec. 21, 2000“The amendments made by this section [enacting subpart C of part III of subchapter U of this chapter, amending this section and sections 1223, 1394, 1400, and 1400B of this title, redesignating subpart C of part III of subchapter U of this chapter as subpart D of part III of subchapter U of this chapter, and renumbering sections 1397B and 1397C of this title as 1397C and 1397D, respectively, of this title] shall apply to qualified empowerment zone assets acquired after the date of the enactment of this Act [].”

, , , 2763A–604, provided that:

Effective Date of 1997 Amendment

section 312(d)(6) of Pub. L. 105–34May 6, 1997section 312(d) of Pub. L. 105–34 section 121 of this titleAmendment by applicable to sales and exchanges after , with certain exceptions, see , set out as a note under .

Pub. L. 105–34, title III, § 313(c)Aug. 5, 1997111 Stat. 842

section 1045 of this title section 1223 of this titleAug. 5, 1997“The amendments made by this section [enacting and amending this section and ] shall apply to sales after the date of enactment of this Act [].”

, , , provided that:

section 701(b)(2) of Pub. L. 105–34Aug. 5, 1997section 701(d) of Pub. L. 105–34 section 39 of this titleAmendment by effective , see , set out as a note under .

Effective Date of 1996 Amendment

section 1807(c)(5) of Pub. L. 104–188Dec. 31, 1996section 1807(e) of Pub. L. 104–188 section 23 of this titleAmendment by applicable to taxable years beginning after , see , set out as an Effective Date note under .

Effective Date of 1993 Amendment

Pub. L. 103–66, title XIII, § 13114(d)Aug. 10, 1993107 Stat. 431

section 1044 of this titleAug. 10, 1993“The amendments made by this section [enacting and amending this section] shall apply to sales on and after the date of the enactment of this Act [], in taxable years ending on and after such date.”

, , , provided that:

section 13213(a)(2)(F) of Pub. L. 103–66Dec. 31, 1993section 13213(e) of Pub. L. 103–66 section 62 of this titleAmendment by applicable to expenses incurred after , see set out as a note under .

section 13261(f)(3) of Pub. L. 103–66Aug. 10, 1993section 13261(g) of Pub. L. 103–66 section 197 of this titleAmendment by applicable, except as otherwise provided, with respect to property acquired after , see , set out as an Effective Date note under .

Effective Date of 1992 Amendment

Pub. L. 102–486June 30, 1993section 1913(c) of Pub. L. 102–486 section 53 of this titleAmendment by applicable to property placed in service after , see , set out as a note under .

Effective Date of 1990 Amendment

section 11812(b)(10) of Pub. L. 101–508Nov. 5, 1990section 168 of this title section 252(f)(5) of Pub. L. 99–514 section 11812(c) of Pub. L. 101–508 section 42 of this titleAmendment by applicable to property placed in service after , but not applicable to any property to which does not apply by reason of subsec. (f)(5) of section 168, and not applicable to rehabilitation expenditures described in , see , set out as a note under .

section 11813(b)(19) of Pub. L. 101–508Dec. 31, 1990section 49(e) of this title section 46(d) of this title section 46(b)(2)(C) of this titleNov. 4, 1990section 11813(c) of Pub. L. 101–508 section 45K of this titleAmendment by applicable to property placed in service after , but not applicable to any transition property (as defined in ), any property with respect to which qualified progress expenditures were previously taken into account under , and any property described in , as such sections were in effect on , see , set out as a note under .

Effective Date of 1989 Amendment

Pub. L. 101–194, title V, § 502(c)Nov. 30, 1989103 Stat. 1755

section 1043 of this title section 1223 of this titleNov. 30, 1989“The amendments made by this section [enacting and amending this section and ] shall apply to sales after the date of the enactment of this Act [].”

, , , provided that:

Effective Date of 1988 Amendment

section 1006(j)(1)(B) of Pub. L. 100–647Dec. 31, 1987Oct. 22, 1986section 1006(j)(1)(C) of Pub. L. 100–647 section 171 of this titleAmendment by applicable in the case of obligations acquired after , with exception allowing taxpayer to elect to have amendment apply to obligations acquired after , see , set out as a note under .

section 1018(u)(22) of Pub. L. 100–647 Pub. L. 99–514 section 1019(a) of Pub. L. 100–647 section 1 of this titleAmendment by effective, except as otherwise provided, as if included in the provision of the Tax Reform Act of 1986, , to which such amendment relates, see , set out as a note under .

Effective Date of 1986 Amendment

section 241(b)(2) of Pub. L. 99–514Dec. 31, 1986section 241(c) of Pub. L. 99–514 section 177 of this titleAmendment by applicable to expenditures paid or incurred after , except as otherwise provided, see , set out as an Effective Date of Repeal note under former .

section 701(e)(4)(D) of Pub. L. 99–514Dec. 31, 1986section 701(f) of Pub. L. 99–514 section 55 of this titleAmendment by applicable to taxable years beginning after , with certain exceptions and qualifications, see , set out as an Effective Date note under .

section 1303(b)(3) of Pub. L. 99–514Oct. 22, 1986section 1311(f) of Pub. L. 99–514 section 141 of this titleAmendment by effective , see , as amended, set out as an Effective Date; Transitional Rules note under .

Effective Date of 1984 Amendment

section 43(a)(2) of Pub. L. 98–369July 18, 1984section 44 of Pub. L. 98–369 section 1271 of this titleAmendment by applicable to taxable years ending after , see , set out as an Effective Date note under .

section 53(d)(3) of Pub. L. 98–369Mar. 1, 1984section 53(e)(1) of Pub. L. 98–369 section 1059 of this titleAmendment by applicable to distribution after , in taxable years ending after such date, see , set out as an Effective Date note under .

section 211(b)(14) of Pub. L. 98–369Dec. 31, 1983section 215 of Pub. L. 98–369 section 801 of this titleAmendment by applicable to taxable years beginning after , see , set out as an Effective Date note under .

section 474(r)(23) of Pub. L. 98–369Dec. 31, 1983section 475(a) of Pub. L. 98–369 section 21 of this titleAmendment by applicable to taxable years beginning after , and to carrybacks from such years, see , set out as a note under .

section 541(b)(2) of Pub. L. 98–369July 18, 1984section 541(c) of Pub. L. 98–369 section 1042 of this titleAmendment by applicable to sales of securities in taxable years beginning after , see , set out as an Effective Date note under .

Effective Date of 1982 Amendment

Pub. L. 97–354Dec. 31, 1982section 6(a) of Pub. L. 97–354 section 1361 of this titleAmendment by applicable to taxable years beginning after , see , set out as an Effective Date note under .

section 201(c)(2) of Pub. L. 97–248Dec. 31, 1982section 201(e)(1) of Pub. L. 97–248 section 5 of this titleAmendment by applicable to taxable years beginning after , see , set out as a note under .

section 205(a)(5)(B) of Pub. L. 97–248Dec. 31, 1982section 48(m) of this title section 205(c)(1) of Pub. L. 97–248 section 196 of this titleAmendment by applicable to periods after , under rules similar to the rules of , with certain qualifications, see , set out as an Effective Date note under .

Effective Date of 1981 Amendment

section 212(d)(2)(G) of Pub. L. 97–34Dec. 31, 1981section 212(e) of Pub. L. 97–34 section 46 of this titleAmendment by applicable to expenditures incurred after , in taxable years ending after that date, see , set out as a note under .

section 421(g) of Pub. L. 97–34Dec. 31, 1981section 421(k) of Pub. L. 97–34 section 2032A of this titleAmendment by applicable with respect to the estates of decedents dying after , see , set out as a note under .

Effective Date of 1980 Amendment and Revival of Prior Law

section 401(a) of Pub. L. 96–223 section 2005(a)(3) of Pub. L. 94–455 section 702(r)(3) of Pub. L. 96–500Dec. 31, 1976Pub. L. 96–223 section 1023 of this titleAmendment by (repealing and and the amendments made thereby, which had amended this section) applicable in respect of decedents dying after , and except for certain elections, this title to be applied as if those repealed provisions had not been enacted, see section 401(b), (e) of , set out as a note under .

Pub. L. 96–222 Pub. L. 95–600 section 201 of Pub. L. 96–222 section 32 of this titleAmendment by effective, except as otherwise provided, as if it had been included in the provisions of the Revenue Act of 1978, , to which such amendment relates, see , set out as an Effective Date of 1980 Amendment note under .

Effective Date of 1978 Amendment

Pub. L. 95–618, title I, § 101(c)Nov. 9, 197892 Stat. 3180

section 23 of this titleApril 20, 1977“The amendments made by this section [enacting and amending this section and sections 56 and 6096 of this title] shall apply to taxable years ending on or after .”

, , , provided that:

section 201(b) of Pub. L. 95–618 section 201(g) of Pub. L. 95–618 section 4064 of this titleAmendment by applicable with respect to 1980 and later model year automobiles, see , set out as an Effective Date note under .

section 601(b)(3) of Pub. L. 95–600Dec. 31, 1978Jan. 1, 1984section 601(d) of Pub. L. 95–600 section 172 of this titleAmendment by effective with respect to corporations chartered after , and before , see , set out as a note under .

section 702(r)(3) of Pub. L. 95–600Dec. 31, 1976section 702(r)(5) of Pub. L. 95–600 section 2051 of this titleAmendment by applicable to estates of decedents dying after , see , set out as a note under .

Pub. L. 95–472, § 4(d)Oct. 17, 197892 Stat. 1336

section 2032A of this titleDecember 31, 1976“The amendments made by this section [amending this section and ] shall apply to involuntary conversions after .”

, , , provided that:

Effective Date of 1976 Amendment

Pub. L. 94–455Dec. 31, 1976section 1901(d) of Pub. L. 94–455 section 2 of this titleAmendment by section 1901(a)(123), (b)(1)(F)(ii), (21)(G), (29)(A) of applicable with respect to taxable years beginning after , see , set out as a note under .

Pub. L. 94–455, title XIX, § 1901(b)(30)(B)Oct. 4, 197690 Stat. 1799

Oct. 4, 1976“The amendment made by subparagraph (A)(i) [amending this section] shall apply with respect to stock or securities acquired from a decedent dying after the date of the enactment of this Act [].”

, , , provided that:

section 2005(a)(3) of Pub. L. 94–455Dec. 31, 1976section 2005(f) of Pub. L. 94–455 section 1015 of this titleAmendment by applicable in respect of decedents dying after , see set out as an Effective Date note under .

Effective Date of 1969 Amendment

section 231(c)(3) of Pub. L. 91–172Dec. 31, 1969section 231(d) of Pub. L. 91–172 section 217 of this titleAmendment by applicable to taxable years beginning after , see , set out as a note under .

section 504(c)(4) of Pub. L. 91–172Dec. 31, 1969section 504(d)(1) of Pub. L. 91–172 section 243 of this titleAmendment by applicable with respect to exploration expenditures paid or incurred after , see , set out as a note under .

section 516(c)(2)(B) of Pub. L. 91–172Dec. 31, 1969section 516(d)(3) of Pub. L. 91–172 section 1001 of this titleAmendment by applicable to transfers after , see , set out as an Effective Date note under .

Effective Date of 1964 Amendment

section 203(a)(3)(C) of Pub. L. 88–272Dec. 31, 1963Jan. 1, 1964Dec. 31, 1963section 203(a)(4) of Pub. L. 88–272 section 48 of this titleAmendment by applicable in case of property placed in service after , with respect to taxable years ending after such date, and in case of property placed in service before , with respect to taxable years beginning after , see , set out as a note under .

section 225(j)(2) of Pub. L. 88–272Dec. 31, 1963lPub. L. 88–272 section 316 of this titleAmendment by applicable in respect of decedents dying after , see section 225() of , set out as a note under .

section 227(b)(5) of Pub. L. 88–272Dec. 31, 1963section 227(c) of Pub. L. 88–272 section 272 of this titleAmendment by applicable with respect to amounts received or accrued in taxable years beginning after , attributable to iron ore mined in such years, see , set out as a note under .

Effective Date of 1962 Amendment

section 2(f) of Pub. L. 87–834Dec. 31, 1961section 2(h) of Pub. L. 87–834 section 46 of this titleAmendment by applicable with respect to taxable years ending after , see , set out as an Effective Date note under .

section 8(g)(2) of Pub. L. 87–834Dec. 31, 1962section 8(h) of Pub. L. 87–834 section 501 of this titleAmendment by applicable with respect to taxable years beginning after , see , set out as a note under .

section 12(b)(1) of Pub. L. 87–834Dec. 31, 1962section 12(c) of Pub. L. 87–834 section 951 of this titleAmendment by applicable with respect to taxable years of foreign corporations beginning after , and to taxable years of United States shareholders within which or with which such taxable years of such foreign corporations end, see , set out as an Effective Date note under .

Effective Date of 1959 Amendment

Pub. L. 86–69Dec. 31, 1957section 4 of Pub. L. 86–69 section 381 of this titleAmendment by applicable only with respect to taxable years beginning after , see , set out as a note under .

Effective Date of 1958 Amendment

section 2(b) of Pub. L. 85–866December 31, 1957section 2(c) of Pub. L. 85–866 section 75 of this titleAmendment by applicable with respect to taxable years ending after , but only with respect to obligations acquired after such date, see , set out as a note under .

section 64(d)(2) of Pub. L. 85–866Dec. 31, 1957section 64(e) of Pub. L. 85–866 section 172 of this titleAmendment by applicable only with respect to taxable years beginning after , see , set out as a note under .

Repeals

Section 2005(a)(3) of Pub. L. 94–455 section 702(r)(3) of Pub. L. 95–600 Pub. L. 96–223, title IV, § 401(a)94 Stat. 299 and , cited as credits to this section, and the amendments made by those sections, were repealed by , , resulting in the text of this section reading as it read prior to enactment of sections 2005(a)(3) and 702(r)(3). See Effective Date of 1980 Amendments and Revival of Prior Law note above.

Savings Provision

section 401(d)(4)(B)(iv) of Pub. L. 115–141Jan. 1, 2012section 401(d)(4)(C) of Pub. L. 115–141 section 1400 of this titleAmendment by not applicable to certain obligations issued, DC Zone assets acquired, or principal residences acquired before , see , set out as a note under former .

section 401(d)(4)(B)(iv) of Pub. L. 115–141Mar. 23, 2018Mar. 23, 2018section 401(e) of Pub. L. 115–141 section 23 of this titleFor provisions that nothing in amendment by be construed to affect treatment of certain transactions occurring, property acquired, or items of income, loss, deduction, or credit taken into account prior to , for purposes of determining liability for tax for periods ending after , see , set out as a note under .

Pub. L. 101–508Nov. 5, 1990Nov. 5, 1990section 11821(b) of Pub. L. 101–508 section 45K of this titleFor provisions that nothing in amendment by be construed to affect treatment of certain transactions occurring, property acquired, or items of income, loss, deduction, or credit taken into account prior to , for purposes of determining liability for tax for periods ending after , see , set out as a note under .

Pub. L. 99–514Applicability of Certain Amendments by in Relation to Treaty Obligations of United States

section 701(e)(4)(D) of Pub. L. 99–514Oct. 22, 1986Pub. L. 100–647 Pub. L. 99–514 Pub. L. 100–647 section 861 of this titleFor applicability of amendment by notwithstanding any treaty obligation of the United States in effect on , with provision that for such purposes any amendment by title I of be treated as if it had been included in the provision of to which such amendment relates, see section 1012(aa)(2), (4) of , set out as a note under .

Plan Amendments Not Required Until January 1, 1989

Pub. L. 99–514Jan. 1, 1989section 1140 of Pub. L. 99–514 section 401 of this titleFor provisions directing that if any amendments made by subtitle A or subtitle C of title XI [§§ 1101–1147 and 1171–1177] or title XVIII [§§ 1800–1899A] of require an amendment to any plan, such plan amendment shall not be required to be made before the first plan year beginning on or after , see , as amended, set out as a note under .

Change From Retirement to Straight Line Method of Computing Depreciation in Certain Cases

Pub. L. 85–866, title I, § 94Sept. 2, 195872 Stat. 1669 Pub. L. 99–514, § 2Oct. 22, 1986100 Stat. 2095

“(a)

Short Title .—

This section may be cited as the ‘Retirement-Straight Line Adjustment Act of 1958’.

“(b)

Making of Election .—

Any taxpayer who held retirement-straight line property on his 1956 adjustment date may elect to have this section apply. Such an election shall be made at such time and in such manner as the Secretary shall prescribe. Any election under this section shall be irrevocable and shall apply to all retirement-straight line property as hereinafter provided in this section (including such property for periods when held by predecessors of the taxpayer).

“(c)

Retirement-Straight Line Property Defined .—

December 31, 1940January 1, 1956For purposes of this section, the term ‘retirement-straight line property’ means any property of a kind or class with respect to which the taxpayer or a predecessor (under the terms and conditions prescribed for him by the Commissioner) for any taxable year beginning after , and before , changed from the retirement to the straight line method of computing the allowance of deductions for depreciation.

“(d)

Basis Adjustments as ofAdjustment Date 1956 .—

If the taxpayer has made an election under this section, then in determining the adjusted basis on his 1956 adjustment date of all retirement-straight line property held by the taxpayer, in lieu of the adjustments for depreciation provided in section 1016(a)(2) and (3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 [formerly I.R.C. 1954], the following adjustments shall be made (effective as of his 1956 adjustment date) in respect of all periods before the 1956 adjustment date:

“(1)

march 1, 1913Depreciation sustained before .—

March 1, 1913For depreciation sustained before , on retirement-straight line property held by the taxpayer or a predecessor on such date for which cost was or is claimed as basis and which either—

“(A)

Retired before changeover .—

March 1, 1913December 31, 1929March 1, 1913Was retired by the taxpayer or a predecessor before the changeover date, but only if (i) a deduction was allowed in computing net income by reason of such retirement, and (ii) such deduction was computed on the basis of cost without adjustment for depreciation sustained before . In the case of any such property retired during any taxable year beginning after , the adjustment under this subparagraph shall not exceed that portion of the amount attributable to depreciation sustained before , which resulted (by reason of the deduction so allowed) in a reduction in taxes under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 or prior income, war-profits, or excess-profits tax laws.

“(B)

Held on changeover date .—

Was held by the taxpayer or a predecessor on the changeover date. This subparagraph shall not apply to property to which paragraph (2) applies.

The adjustment determined under this paragraph shall be allocated (in the manner prescribed by the Secretary) among all retirement-straight line property held by the taxpayer on his 1956 adjustment date.

“(2)

Property disposed of after changeover and before 1956 adjustment date .—

For that portion of the reserve prescribed by the Commissioner in connection with the changeover which was applicable to property—

“(A)

sold, or

“(B)

with respect to which a deduction was allowed for Federal income tax purposes by reason of casualty or ‘abnormal’ retirement in the nature of special obsolescence,

if such sale occurred in, or such deduction was allowed for, a period on or after the changeover date and before the taxpayer’s 1956 adjustment date.

“(3)

Depreciation allowable from changeover to 1956 adjustment date .—

For depreciation allowable, under the terms and conditions prescribed by the Commissioner in connection with the changeover, for all periods on and after the changeover date and before the taxpayer’s 1956 adjustment date.

December 31, 1955This subsection shall apply only with respect to taxable years beginning after .

“(e)

Effect on Period From Changeover toAdjustment Date 1956 .—

If the taxpayer has made an election under this section, then in determining the adjusted basis of any retirement-straight line property as of any time on or after the changeover date and before the taxpayer’s 1956 adjustment date, in lieu of the adjustments for depreciation provided in section 1016(a)(2) and (3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and the corresponding provisions of prior revenue laws, the following adjustments shall be made:

“(1)

For prescribed reserve .—

For the amount of the reserve prescribed by the Commissioner in connection with the changeover.

“(2)

For allowable depreciation .—

For the depreciation allowable under the terms and conditions prescribed by the Commissioner in connection with the changeover.

This subsection shall not apply in determining adjusted basis for purposes of section 437(c) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1939. This subsection shall apply only with respect to taxable years beginning on or after the changeover date and before the taxpayer’s 1956 adjustment date.

“(f)

Equity Invested Capital, etc .—

If an election is made under this section, then (not withstanding the terms and conditions prescribed by the Commissioner in connection with the changeover)—

“(1)

Equity invested capital .—

March 1, 1913In determining equity invested capital under sections 458 and 718 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1939, accumulated earnings and profits as of the changeover date, and as of the beginning of each taxable year thereafter, shall be reduced by the depreciation sustained before , as computed under subsection (d)(1)(B); and

“(2)

Definition of equity capital .—

March 1, 1913In determining the adjusted basis of assets for the purpose of section 437(c) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1939 (and in addition to any other adjustments required by such Code), the basis shall be reduced by depreciation sustained before (as computed under subsection (d)), together with any depreciation allowable under subsection (e)(2) for any period before the year for which the excess profits credit is being computed.

“(g)

Definitions .—

For purposes of this section—

“(1)

Depreciation .—

The term ‘depreciation’ means exhaustion, wear and tear, and obsolescence.

“(2)

Changeover .—

The term ‘changeover’ means a change from the retirement to the straight line method of computing the allowance of deductions for depreciation.

“(3)

Changeover date .—

The term ‘changeover date’ means the first day of the first taxable year for which the changeover was effective.

“(4)

adjustment date 1956 .—

December 31, 1955The term ‘1956 adjustment date’ means, in the case of any taxpayer, the first day of his first taxable year beginning after .

“(5)

Predecessor .—

The term ‘predecessor’ means any person from whom property of a kind or class to which this section refers was acquired, if the basis of such property is determined by reference to its basis in the hands of such person. Where a series of transfers of property has occurred and where in each instance the basis of the property was determined by reference to its basis in the hands of the prior holder, the term includes each such prior holder.

“(6)

The term ‘Secretary’ means the Secretary of the Treasury or his delegate.

“(7)

The term ‘Commissioner’ means the Commissioner of Internal Revenue.”

, , , as amended by , , , provided that: