US Code

Public Law 119-87 (04/30/2026)

26 U.S.C. § 38

General business credit

(a)

Allowance of credit

There shall be allowed as a credit against the tax imposed by this chapter for the taxable year an amount equal to the sum of—
(1)
the business credit carryforwards carried to such taxable year,
(2)
the amount of the current year business credit, plus
(3)
the business credit carrybacks carried to such taxable year.
(b)

Current year business credit

For purposes of this subpart, the amount of the current year business credit is the sum of the following credits determined for the taxable year:
(1)
the investment credit determined under section 46,
(2)
the work opportunity credit determined under section 51(a),
(3)
the alcohol fuels credit determined under section 40(a),
(4)
the research credit determined under section 41(a),
(5)
the low-income housing credit determined under section 42(a),
(6)
the enhanced oil recovery credit under section 43(a),
(7)
in the case of an eligible small business (as defined in section 44(b)), the disabled access credit determined under section 44(a),
(8)
the renewable electricity production credit under section 45(a),
(9)
the empowerment zone employment credit determined under section 1396(a),
(10)
the Indian employment credit as determined under section 45A(a),
(11)
the employer social security credit determined under section 45B(a),
(12)
the orphan drug credit determined under section 45C(a),
(13)
the new markets tax credit determined under section 45D(a),
(14)
in the case of an eligible employer (as defined in section 45E(c)), the small employer pension plan startup cost credit determined under section 45E(a),
(15)
the employer-provided child care credit determined under section 45F(a),
(16)
the railroad track maintenance credit determined under section 45G(a),
(17)
the biodiesel fuels credit determined under section 40A(a),
(18)
the low sulfur diesel fuel production credit determined under section 45H(a),
(19)
the marginal oil and gas well production credit determined under section 45I(a),
(20)
the distilled spirits credit determined under section 5011(a),
(21)
the advanced nuclear power facility production credit determined under section 45J(a),
(22)
the nonconventional source production credit determined under section 45K(a),
(23)
the new energy efficient home credit determined under section 45L(a),
(24)
the portion of the alternative motor vehicle credit to which section 30B(g)(1) applies,
(25)
the portion of the alternative fuel vehicle refueling property credit to which section 30C(d)(1) applies,
(26)
the mine rescue team training credit determined under section 45N(a),
(27)
in the case of an eligible agricultural business (as defined in section 45O(e)), the agricultural chemicals security credit determined under section 45O(a),
(28)
the differential wage payment credit determined under section 45P(a),
(29)
the carbon dioxide sequestration credit determined under section 45Q(a),
(30)
the portion of the new clean vehicle credit to which section 30D(c)(1) applies,
(31)
the small employer health insurance credit determined under section 45R,
(32)
in the case of an eligible employer (as defined in section 45S(c)), the paid family and medical leave credit determined under section 45S(a),
(33)
in the case of an eligible employer (as defined in section 45T(c)), the retirement auto-enrollment credit determined under section 45T(a), plus
(34)
the zero-emission nuclear power production credit determined under section 45U(a).
(35)
the sustainable aviation fuel credit determined under section 40B,
(36)
the clean hydrogen production credit determined under section 45V(a),
(37)
the qualified commercial clean vehicle credit determined under section 45W,
(38)
the advanced manufacturing production credit determined under section 45X(a),
(39)
the clean electricity production credit determined under section 45Y(a),
(40)
the clean fuel production credit determined under section 45Z(a), plus
(41)
in the case of an eligible small employer (as defined in section 45AA(c)), the military spouse retirement plan eligibility credit determined under section 45AA(a).
(c)

Limitation based on amount of tax

(1)

In general

The credit allowed under subsection (a) for any taxable year shall not exceed the excess (if any) of the taxpayer’s net income tax over the greater of—
(A)
the tentative minimum tax for the taxable year, or
(B)
25 percent of so much of the taxpayer’s net regular tax liability as exceeds $25,000.
For purposes of the preceding sentence, the term “net income tax” means the sum of the regular tax liability and the tax imposed by section 55, reduced by the credits allowable under subparts A and B of this part, and the term “net regular tax liability” means the regular tax liability reduced by the sum of the credits allowable under subparts A and B of this part.
(2)

Empowerment zone employment credit may offset 25 percent of minimum tax

(A)

In general

In the case of the empowerment zone employment credit—
(i)
this section and section 39 shall be applied separately with respect to such credit, and
(ii)
for purposes of applying paragraph (1) to such credit—
(I)
75 percent of the tentative minimum tax shall be substituted for the tentative minimum tax under subparagraph (A) thereof, and
(II)
the limitation under paragraph (1) (as modified by subclause (I)) shall be reduced by the credit allowed under subsection (a) for the taxable year (other than the empowerment zone employment credit and the specified credits).
(B)

Empowerment zone employment credit

For purposes of this paragraph, the term “empowerment zone employment credit” means the portion of the credit under subsection (a) which is attributable to the credit determined under section 1396 (relating to empowerment zone employment credit).

[(3)

Pub. L. 115–141, div. U, title IV, § 401(d)(6)(B)(iii)132 Stat. 1211 Repealed. , , ]

(4)

Special rules for specified credits

(A)

In general

In the case of specified credits—
(i)
this section and section 39 shall be applied separately with respect to such credits, and
(ii)
in applying paragraph (1) to such credits—
(I)
the tentative minimum tax shall be treated as being zero, and
(II)
the limitation under paragraph (1) (as modified by subclause (I)) shall be reduced by the credit allowed under subsection (a) for the taxable year (other than the specified credits).
(B)

Specified credits

For purposes of this subsection, the term “specified credits” means—
(i)
for taxable years beginning after , the credit determined under section 40,
(ii)
the credit determined under section 41 for the taxable year with respect to an eligible small business (as defined in paragraph (5)(A) after application of the rules of paragraph (5)(B)),
(iii)
the credit determined under section 42 to the extent attributable to buildings placed in service after ,
(iv)
the credit determined under section 45 to the extent that such credit is attributable to electricity or refined coal produced—
(I)
at a facility which is originally placed in service after the date of the enactment of this paragraph, and
(II)
during the 4-year period beginning on the date that such facility was originally placed in service,
(v)
the credit determined under section 45 to the extent that such credit is attributable to section 45(e)(10) (relating to Indian coal production facilities),
(vi)
the credit determined under section 45B,
(vii)
the credit determined under section 45G,
(viii)
the credit determined under section 45R,
(ix)
the credit determined under section 45S,
(x)
the credit determined under section 46 to the extent that such credit is attributable to the energy credit determined under section 48,
(xi)
the credit determined under section 46 to the extent that such credit is attributable to the rehabilitation credit under section 47, but only with respect to qualified rehabilitation expenditures properly taken into account for periods after , and
(xii)
the credit determined under section 51.
(5)

Rules related to eligible small businesses

(A)

Eligible small business

For purposes of this subsection, the term “eligible small business” means, with respect to any taxable year—
(i)
a corporation the stock of which is not publicly traded,
(ii)
a partnership, or
(iii)
a sole proprietorship,
if the average annual gross receipts of such corporation, partnership, or sole proprietorship for the 3-taxable-year period preceding such taxable year does not exceed $50,000,000. For purposes of applying the test under the preceding sentence, rules similar to the rules of paragraphs (2) and (3) of section 448(c) shall apply.
(B)

Treatment of partners and S corporation shareholders

For purposes of paragraph (4)(B)(ii), any credit determined under section 41 with respect to a partnership or S corporation shall not be treated as a specified credit by any partner or shareholder unless such partner or shareholder meets the gross receipts test under subparagraph (A) for the taxable year in which such credit is treated as a current year business credit.

(6)

Special rules

(A)

Married individuals

In the case of a husband or wife who files a separate return, the amount specified under subparagraph (B) of paragraph (1) shall be $12,500 in lieu of $25,000. This subparagraph shall not apply if the spouse of the taxpayer has no business credit carryforward or carryback to, and has no current year business credit for, the taxable year of such spouse which ends within or with the taxpayer’s taxable year.

(B)

Controlled groups

In the case of a controlled group, the $25,000 amount specified under subparagraph (B) of paragraph (1) shall be reduced for each component member of such group by apportioning $25,000 among the component members of such group in such manner as the Secretary shall by regulations prescribe. For purposes of the preceding sentence, the term “controlled group” has the meaning given to such term by section 1563(a).

(C)

Limitations with respect to certain persons

In the case of a person described in subparagraph (A) or (B) of section 46(e)(1) (as in effect on the day before the date of the enactment of the Revenue Reconciliation Act of 1990), the $25,000 amount specified under subparagraph (B) of paragraph (1) shall equal such person’s ratable share (as determined under section 46(e)(2) (as so in effect) of such amount.

(D)

Estates and trusts

In the case of an estate or trust, the $25,000 amount specified under subparagraph (B) of paragraph (1) shall be reduced to an amount which bears the same ratio to $25,000 as the portion of the income of the estate or trust which is not allocated to beneficiaries bears to the total income of the estate or trust.

(E)

Corporations

In the case of a corporation—
(i)
the first sentence of paragraph (1) shall be applied by substituting “25 percent of the taxpayer’s net income tax as exceeds $25,000” for “the greater of” and all that follows,
(ii)
paragraph (2)(A) shall be applied without regard to clause (ii)(I) thereof, and
(iii)
paragraph (4)(A) shall be applied without regard to clause (ii)(I) thereof.
(d)

Ordering rules

For purposes of any provision of this title where it is necessary to ascertain the extent to which the credits determined under any section referred to in subsection (b) are used in a taxable year or as a carryback or carryforward—
(1)

In general

The order in which such credits are used shall be determined on the basis of the order in which they are listed in subsection (b) as of the close of the taxable year in which the credit is used.

(2)

Components of investment credit

The order in which the credits listed in section 46 are used shall be determined on the basis of the order in which such credits are listed in section 46 as of the close of the taxable year in which the credit is used.

Pub. L. 98–369, div. A, title IV, § 47398 Stat. 827 Pub. L. 99–514, title II100 Stat. 2173 Pub. L. 100–647, title I102 Stat. 3368 Pub. L. 101–508, title XI104 Stat. 1388–485 Pub. L. 102–486, title XIX, § 1914(b)106 Stat. 3023 Pub. L. 103–66, title XIII107 Stat. 555 Pub. L. 104–188, title I110 Stat. 1772 Pub. L. 106–554, § 1(a)(7) [title I, § 121(b)(1)]114 Stat. 2763 Pub. L. 107–16, title II, § 205(b)(1)115 Stat. 53 Pub. L. 107–147, title III, § 301(b)(1)116 Stat. 39 Pub. L. 108–357, title II, § 245(c)(1)118 Stat. 1448 Pub. L. 109–58, title XIII119 Stat. 999 Pub. L. 109–59, title XI119 Stat. 1958 Pub. L. 109–135, title I, § 103(b)(1)119 Stat. 2595 Pub. L. 109–432, div. A, title IV, § 405(b)120 Stat. 2957 Pub. L. 110–28, title VIII, § 8214(a)121 Stat. 193 Pub. L. 110–172, § 11(a)(6)121 Stat. 2485 Pub. L. 110–234, title XV, § 15343(b)122 Stat. 1519 Pub. L. 110–245, title I, § 111(b)122 Stat. 1635 Pub. L. 110–246, § 4(a)122 Stat. 1664 Pub. L. 110–289, div. C, title I, § 3022(b)122 Stat. 2894 Pub. L. 110–343, div. B, title I122 Stat. 3811 Pub. L. 111–5, div. B, title I, § 1141(b)(2)123 Stat. 328 Pub. L. 111–148, title I, § 1421(b)124 Stat. 241 Pub. L. 111–240, title II, § 2013(a)124 Stat. 2555 Pub. L. 113–295, div. A, title II128 Stat. 4028 Pub. L. 114–113, div. Q, title I129 Stat. 3049 Pub. L. 115–97, title I131 Stat. 2092 Pub. L. 115–141, div. U, title IV, § 401(a)(8)132 Stat. 1184 Pub. L. 116–94, div. O, title I, § 105(b)133 Stat. 3148 Pub. L. 117–169, title I136 Stat. 1828 Pub. L. 117–328, div. T, title I, § 112(b)136 Stat. 5295 (Added and amended , title VI, § 612(e)(1), , , 912; , §§ 221(a), 231(d)(1), (3)(B), 252(b), title VII, § 701(c)(4), title XI, § 1171(b)(1), (2), , , 2178, 2179, 2205, 2341, 2513; , §§ 1002(e)(8)(A), 1007(g)(2), (8), , , 3434, 3435; , §§ 11511(b)(1), 11611(b)(1), 11813(b)(2), , , 1388–503, 1388–551; , , ; , §§ 13302(a)(1), (c)(1), 13322(a), 13443(b)(1), , , 559, 569; , §§ 1201(e)(1), 1205(a)(2), 1702(e)(4), , , 1775, 1870; , , , 2763A–609; , title VI, § 619(b), , , 110; , (2), title IV, § 411(d)(2), , , 46; , title III, §§ 302(b), 339(b), 341(b), title VII, § 711(a), (b), , , 1465, 1484, 1487, 1557, 1558; , §§ 1306(b), 1322(a)(2), 1332(b), 1334(b), 1341(b)(1), 1342(b)(1), , , 1011, 1026, 1033, 1049, 1051; , §§ 11126(b), 11151(d)(1), , , 1968; , title II, § 201(b)(1), title IV, § 412(f), , , 2607, 2637; , , ; , , ; , , ; , , ; , , ; , title XV, § 15343(b), , , 2281; , (c), , ; , §§ 103(b), 115(b), title II, § 205(c), div. C, title III, § 316(b), , , 3831, 3838, 3872; , , ; , (c), , , 242; , (c), , ; , §§ 209(f)(1), 220(b), 221(a)(2)(B), (6), , , 4035, 4037, 4038; , §§ 121(b), 186(d)(1), , , 3074; , §§ 12001(b)(1), 13403(b), (c), , , 2137; , (b)(5)(A)–(D), (d)(2)(B), (6)(B)(i)–(iii), , , 1201, 1208, 1211; , , ; , §§ 10101(d), 13105(b)(1), 13203(b), 13204(a)(4)(A), 13401(i)(3), 13403(b)(1), 13502(b)(1), 13701(b)(1), 13704(b)(3), , , 1931, 1934, 1939, 1961, 1965, 1981, 1990, 2002; , , .)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Pub. L. 108–357The date of the enactment of this paragraph, referred to in subsec. (c)(4)(B)(iv)(I), is the date of enactment of , which was approved .

Pub. L. 101–508The date of the enactment of the Revenue Reconciliation Act of 1990, referred to in subsec. (c)(6)(C), is the date of enactment of , which was approved .

Codification

Pub. L. 110–234Pub. L. 110–246Pub. L. 110–234section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246 and made identical amendments to this section. The amendments by were repealed by .

Prior Provisions

Pub. L. 87–834, § 2(a)76 Stat. 962 Pub. L. 94–455, title XIX, § 1906(b)(13)(A)90 Stat. 1834 Pub. L. 98–369, div. A, title IV, § 474(m)(1)98 Stat. 833 A prior section 38, added , , ; amended , , , related to investment in certain depreciable property, prior to repeal by , , .

section 37 of this titleAnother prior section 38 was renumbered .

Amendments

Pub. L. 117–169, § 13401(i)(3)2022—Subsec. (b)(30). , substituted “clean” for “qualified plug-in electric drive motor”.

Pub. L. 117–169, § 13105(b)(1)Subsec. (b)(34). , added par. (34).

Pub. L. 117–169, § 13203(b)Subsec. (b)(35). , added par. (35).

Pub. L. 117–169, § 13204(a)(4)(A)Subsec. (b)(36). , added par. (36).

Pub. L. 117–169, § 13403(b)(1)Subsec. (b)(37). , added par. (37).

Pub. L. 117–169, § 13502(b)(1)Subsec. (b)(38). , added par. (38).

Pub. L. 117–169, § 13701(b)(1)Subsec. (b)(39). , added par. (39).

Pub. L. 117–169, § 13704(b)(3)Subsec. (b)(40). , added par. (40).

Pub. L. 117–328Subsec. (b)(41). added par. (41).

Pub. L. 117–169, § 10101(d)Subsec. (c)(6)(E). , amended subpar. (E) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “In the case of a corporation, this subsection shall be applied by treating the corporation as having a tentative minimum tax of zero.”

Pub. L. 116–942019—Subsec. (b)(33). added par. (33).

Pub. L. 115–141, § 401(d)(2)(B)2018—Subsec. (b)(24), (25). , redesignated pars. (25) and (26) as (24) and (25), respectively, and struck out former par. (24) which read as follows: “the energy efficient appliance credit determined under section 45M(a),”.

Pub. L. 115–141, § 401(d)(2)(B)Subsec. (b)(26) to (29). , (6)(B)(i), redesignated pars. (31) to (34) first as (30) to (33), and then as (26) to (29), respectively. Former par. (26) redesignated (25), and former pars. (27) to (29) redesignated (26) to (28), respectively, and then struck out.

Pub. L. 115–141, § 401(d)(2)(B), (6)(B)(i), redesignated pars. (27) to (30) as (26) to (29), respectively, and then struck them out. Prior to amendment, these four pars. set out credits for the Hurricane Katrina housing credit determined under section 1400P(b), the Hurricane Katrina employee retention credit determined under section 1400R(a), the Hurricane Rita employee retention credit determined under section 1400R(b), and the Hurricane Wilma employee retention credit determined under section 1400R(c).

Pub. L. 115–141, § 401(d)(2)(B)Subsec. (b)(30) to (32). , (6)(B)(i), redesignated pars. (35) to (37) first as (34) to (36), and then as (30) to (32), respectively. Former par. (30) redesignated (29) and then struck out, and former pars. (31) and (32) first redesignated (30) and (31), then (26) and (27), respectively.

Pub. L. 115–141, § 401(a)(8)Subsec. (b)(33) to (37). , (d)(2)(B), (6)(B)(i), inserted comma at end of par. (34) and subsequently redesignated pars. (33) to (37) first as (32) to (36), and then as (28) to (32), respectively.

Pub. L. 115–141, § 401(d)(6)(B)(ii)Subsec. (c)(2)(A)(ii)(II). , struck out “, the New York Liberty Zone business employee credit,” after “empowerment zone employment credit”.

Pub. L. 115–141, § 401(b)(5)(B), struck out “the eligible small business credits,” before “and the specified credits”.

Pub. L. 115–141, § 401(d)(6)(B)(iii)Subsec. (c)(3). , struck out par. (3) which related to special rules for New York Liberty Zone business employee credit.

Pub. L. 115–141, § 401(b)(5)(C)Subsec. (c)(4)(A)(ii)(II). , struck out “the eligible small business credits and” before “the specified credits”.

Pub. L. 115–141, § 401(b)(5)(D)Subsec. (c)(4)(B)(ii). , substituted “(as defined in paragraph (5)(A) after application of the rules of paragraph (5)(B))” for “(as defined in paragraph (5)(C), after application of rules similar to the rules of paragraph (5)(D))”.

Pub. L. 115–141, § 401(b)(5)(A)(i)Subsec. (c)(5). , substituted “Rules related to eligible small businesses” for “Special rules for eligible small business credits in 2010” in heading.

Pub. L. 115–141, § 401(b)(5)(A)(i)Subsec. (c)(5)(A). , (ii), redesignated subpar. (C) as (A) and struck out former subpar. (A) which related to eligible small business credits determined in taxable years beginning in 2010.

Pub. L. 115–141, § 401(b)(5)(A)(iii)Subsec. (c)(5)(B). , amended subpar. (B) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “Credits determined with respect to a partnership or S corporation shall not be treated as eligible small business credits by any partner or shareholder unless such partner or shareholder meets the gross receipts test under subparagraph (C) for the taxable year in which such credits are treated as current year business credits.”

Pub. L. 115–141, § 401(b)(5)(A)(i), (ii), redesignated subpar. (D) as (B) and struck out former subpar. (B) which defined “eligible small business credits”.

Pub. L. 115–141, § 401(b)(5)(A)(ii)Subsec. (c)(5)(C), (D). , redesignated subpars. (C) and (D) as (A) and (B), respectively.

Pub. L. 115–97, § 13403(b)2017—Subsec. (b)(35) to (37). , struck out “plus” at end of par. (35), substituted “, plus” for period at end of par. (36), and added par. (37).

Pub. L. 115–97, § 13403(c)Subsec. (c)(4)(B)(ix) to (xii). , added cl. (ix) and redesignated former cls. (ix) to (xi) as (x) to (xii), respectively.

Pub. L. 115–97, § 12001(b)(1)Subsec. (c)(6)(E). , added subpar. (E).

Pub. L. 114–113, § 121(b)2015—Subsec. (c)(4)(B)(ii) to (iv). , added cl. (ii) and redesignated former cls. (ii) and (iii) as (iii) and (iv), respectively. Former cl. (iv) redesignated (v).

Pub. L. 114–113, § 186(d)(1)Subsec. (c)(4)(B)(v) to (x). , added cl. (v) and redesignated former cls. (v) to (ix) as (vi) to (x), respectively. Former cl. (x) redesignated (xi).

Pub. L. 114–113, § 121(b), redesignated cls. (iv) to (ix) as (v) to (x), respectively.

Pub. L. 114–113, § 186(d)(1)Subsec. (c)(4)(B)(xi). , redesignated cl. (x) as (xi).

Pub. L. 113–295, § 221(a)(2)(B)2014—Subsec. (b)(35) to (37). , inserted “plus” at end of par. (35), redesignated par. (37) as (36), and struck out former par. (36) which read as follows: “the portion of the qualified plug-in electric vehicle credit to which section 30(c)(1) applies, plus”.

Pub. L. 113–295, § 209(f)(1)Pub. L. 111–148, § 1421(b)Pub. L. 111–5, struck out “plus” at end of par. (35), added par. (36), and redesignated former par. (36) as (37). Amendment was executed to subsec. (b) as it appeared after amendment by , to reflect the probable intent of Congress, despite amendment being effective as if included in the enactment of . See 2010 Amendment and Effective Date of 2014 Amendment notes below.

Pub. L. 113–295, § 220(b)Subsec. (c)(2)(A). , substituted “credit” for “credit credit” in introductory provisions.

Pub. L. 113–295, § 221(a)(6)Subsec. (d)(3). , struck out par. (3) which related to ordering of credits no longer listed.

Pub. L. 111–148, § 1421(b)2010—Subsec. (b)(36). , added par. (36).

Pub. L. 111–240, § 2013(c)(1)Subsec. (c)(2)(A)(ii)(II). , inserted “the eligible small business credits,” after “the New York Liberty Zone business employee credit,”.

Pub. L. 111–240, § 2013(c)(2)Subsec. (c)(3)(A)(ii)(II). , inserted “, the eligible small business credits,” after “the New York Liberty Zone business employee credit”.

Pub. L. 111–240, § 2013(c)(3)Subsec. (c)(4)(A)(ii)(II). , inserted “the eligible small business credits and” before “the specified credits”.

Pub. L. 111–148, § 1421(c)Subsec. (c)(4)(B)(vi) to (ix). , added cl. (vi) and redesignated former cls. (vi) to (viii) as (vii) to (ix), respectively.

Pub. L. 111–240, § 2013(a)Subsec. (c)(5), (6). , added par. (5) and redesignated former par. (5) as (6).

Pub. L. 111–52009—Subsec. (b)(35). substituted “30D(c)(1)” for “30D(d)(1)”.

Pub. L. 110–246, § 15343(b)2008—Subsec. (b)(32). , added par. (32).

Pub. L. 110–245Subsec. (b)(33). added par. (33).

Pub. L. 110–343, § 115(b)Subsec. (b)(34). , added par. (34).

Pub. L. 110–343, § 205(c)Subsec. (b)(35). , added par. (35).

Pub. L. 110–289, § 3022(b)Subsec. (c)(4)(B)(ii) to (iv). , added cl. (ii) and redesignated former cls. (ii) and (iii) as (iii) and (iv), respectively. Former cl. (iv) redesignated (v).

Pub. L. 110–343, § 316(b)(2)Subsec. (c)(4)(B)(v). , added cl. (v). Former cl. (v) redesignated (vi).

Pub. L. 110–343, § 103(b)(1), added cl. (v). Former cl. (v) redesignated (vi).

Pub. L. 110–289, § 3022(c), added cl. (v). Former cl. (v) redesignated (vi).

Pub. L. 110–289, § 3022(b), redesignated cl. (iv) as (v).

Pub. L. 110–343, § 316(b)(1)Subsec. (c)(4)(B)(vi). , redesignated cl. (v) as (vi). Former cl. (vi) redesignated (vii).

Pub. L. 110–343, § 103(b)(2), substituted “section 46 to the extent that such credit is attributable to the rehabilitation credit under section 47, but only with respect to” for “section 47 to the extent attributable to”.

Pub. L. 110–343, § 103(b)(1), which directed amendment of subpar. (B) by “redesignating clause (vi) as clause (vi) and (vii), respectively”, was executed by redesignating cls. (v) and (vi) as (vi) and (vii), respectively, to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Pub. L. 110–289, § 3022(c), redesignated cl. (v) as (vi).

Pub. L. 110–343, § 316(b)(1)Subsec. (c)(4)(B)(vii). , redesignated cl. (vi) as (vii). Former cl. (vii) redesignated (viii).

Pub. L. 110–343, § 103(b)(1), which directed amendment of subpar. (B) by “redesignating clause (vi) as clause (vi) and (vii), respectively”, was executed by redesignating cls. (v) and (vi) as (vi) and (vii), respectively, to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Pub. L. 110–343, § 316(b)(1)Subsec. (c)(4)(B)(viii). , redesignated cl. (vii) as (viii).

Pub. L. 110–172, § 11(a)(6)(A)2007—Subsec. (b)(8), (24). , struck out “and” at end.

Pub. L. 110–172, § 11(a)(6)(C)Subsec. (b)(30). , inserted “plus” at end.

Pub. L. 110–172, § 11(a)(6)(B), struck out “plus” at end.

Pub. L. 110–28Subsec. (c)(4)(B)(iii), (iv). added cls. (iii) and (iv).

Pub. L. 109–4322006—Subsec. (b)(29) to (31). struck out “and” at end of par. (29), substituted “, plus” for period at end of par. (30), and added par. (31).

Pub. L. 109–59, § 11126(b)2005—Subsec. (b)(20). , added par. (20).

Pub. L. 109–58, § 1306(b)Pub. L. 109–59, § 11151(d)(1)Subsec. (b)(21). , as amended by , added par. (21).

Pub. L. 109–58, § 1322(a)(2)Subsec. (b)(22). , added par. (22).

Pub. L. 109–58, § 1332(b)Subsec. (b)(23). , added par. (23).

Pub. L. 109–58, § 1342(b)(1)Subsec. (b)(24). , which directed the striking out of “plus” at end, could not be executed because “plus” did not appear at end.

Pub. L. 109–58, § 1334(b), added par. (24).

Pub. L. 109–58, § 1341(b)(1)Subsec. (b)(25). , added par. (25).

Pub. L. 109–58, § 1342(b)(1)Subsec. (b)(26). , added par. (26).

Pub. L. 109–135, § 103(b)(1)Subsec. (b)(27). , added par. (27).

Pub. L. 109–135, § 201(b)(1)Subsec. (b)(28) to (30). , added pars. (28) to (30).

Pub. L. 109–135, § 412(f)(1)Subsec. (c)(2)(A)(ii)(II). , substituted “, the New York Liberty Zone business employee credit, and the specified credits” for “or the New York Liberty Zone business employee credit or the specified credits”.

Pub. L. 109–135, § 412(f)(2)Subsec. (c)(3)(A)(ii)(II). , substituted “and the specified credits” for “or the specified credits”.

Pub. L. 109–135, § 412(f)(3)Subsec. (c)(4)(B). , substituted “means” for “includes” in introductory provisions and inserted “and” at end of cl. (i).

Pub. L. 108–357, § 245(c)(1)2004—Subsec. (b)(16). , added par. (16).

Pub. L. 108–357, § 302(b)Subsec. (b)(17). , added par. (17).

Pub. L. 108–357, § 339(b)Subsec. (b)(18). , added par. (18).

Pub. L. 108–357, § 341(b)Subsec. (b)(19). , added par. (19).

Pub. L. 108–357, § 711(b)Subsec. (c)(2)(A)(ii)(II), (3)(A)(ii)(II). , inserted “or the specified credits” after “employee credit”.

Pub. L. 108–357, § 711(a)Subsec. (c)(4), (5). , added par. (4) and redesignated former par. (4) as (5).

Pub. L. 107–147, § 411(d)(2)2002—Subsec. (b)(15). , substituted “45F(a)” for “45F”.

Pub. L. 107–147, § 301(b)(2)Subsec. (c)(2)(A)(ii)(II). , inserted “or the New York Liberty Zone business employee credit” after “employment credit”.

Pub. L. 107–147, § 301(b)(1)Subsec. (c)(3), (4). , added par. (3) and redesignated former par. (3) as (4).

Pub. L. 107–16, § 619(b)2001—Subsec. (b)(12). , struck out “plus” at end.

Pub. L. 107–16, § 619(b)Subsec. (b)(13). , substituted “, plus” for period at end.

Pub. L. 107–16, § 205(b)(1), struck out “plus” at end.

Pub. L. 107–16, § 619(b)Subsec. (b)(14). , added par. (14).

Pub. L. 107–16, § 205(b)(1), substituted “, plus” for period at end.

Pub. L. 107–16, § 205(b)(1)Subsec. (b)(15). , added par. (15).

Pub. L. 106–5542000—Subsec. (b)(13). added par. (13).

Pub. L. 104–188, § 1201(e)(1)1996—Subsec. (b)(2). , substituted “work opportunity credit” for “targeted jobs credit”.

Pub. L. 104–188, § 1205(a)(2)Subsec. (b)(12). , added par. (12).

Pub. L. 104–188, § 1702(e)(4)Pub. L. 101–508Subsec. (c)(2)(C). , amended subpar. (C), as in effect on day before date of enactment of the Revenue Reconciliation Act of 1990 (title XI of , approved ), by inserting before period at end of first sentence “and without regard to the deduction under section 56(h)”.

Pub. L. 103–66, § 13302(a)(1)1993—Subsec. (b)(7). , struck out “plus” at end.

Pub. L. 103–66, § 13322(a)Subsec. (b)(8). , which directed amendment of par. (8) by striking “plus” at end, could not be executed because “plus” did not appear at end.

Pub. L. 103–66, § 13302(a)(1), substituted “, and” for period at end.

Pub. L. 103–66, § 13443(b)(1)Subsec. (b)(9). , struck out “plus” at end.

Pub. L. 103–66, § 13322(a), substituted “, plus” for period at end.

Pub. L. 103–66, § 13302(a)(1), added par. (9).

Pub. L. 103–66, § 13443(b)(1)Subsec. (b)(10). , substituted “, plus” for period at end.

Pub. L. 103–66, § 13322(a), added par. (10).

Pub. L. 103–66, § 13443(b)(1)Subsec. (b)(11). , added par. (11).

Pub. L. 103–66, § 13302(c)(1)Subsec. (c)(2), (3). , added par. (2) and redesignated former par. (2) as (3).

Pub. L. 102–4861992—Subsec. (b)(6) to (8). struck out “plus” at end of par. (6), substituted “; plus” for period at end of par. (7), and added par. (8).

Pub. L. 101–508, § 11813(b)(2)(A)1990—Subsec. (b)(1). , substituted “section 46” for “section 46(a)”.

Pub. L. 101–508, § 11511(b)(1)Subsec. (b)(4). , struck out “plus” at end.

Pub. L. 101–508, § 11611(b)(1)Subsec. (b)(5). , struck out “plus” at end.

Pub. L. 101–508, § 11511(b)(1), substituted “, plus” for period at end.

Pub. L. 101–508, § 11611(b)(1)Subsec. (b)(6). , substituted “, plus” for period at end.

Pub. L. 101–508, § 11511(b)(1), added par. (6).

Pub. L. 101–508, § 11611(b)(1)Subsec. (b)(7). , added par. (7).

Pub. L. 101–508, § 11813(b)(2)(B)Subsec. (c)(2). , redesignated par. (3) as (2) and struck out former par. (2) which permitted an offset of regular investment tax credit against 25 percent of minimum tax.

Pub. L. 101–508, § 11813(b)(2)(C)Subsec. (c)(2)(C). , inserted “(as in effect on the day before the date of the enactment of the Revenue Reconciliation Act of 1990)” after “46(e)(1)” and “(as so in effect)” after “46(e)(2)”.

Pub. L. 101–508, § 11813(b)(2)(B)Subsec. (c)(3). , redesignated par. (3) as (2).

Pub. L. 101–508, § 11813(b)(2)(D)(i)Subsec. (d). , substituted “any provision” for “sections 46(f), 47(a), 196(a), and any other provision” in introductory provisions.

Pub. L. 101–508, § 11813(b)(2)(D)(ii)Subsec. (d)(2). , amended par. (2) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (2) read as follows: “The order in which credits attributable to a percentage referred to in section 46(a) are used shall be determined on the basis of the order in which such percentages are listed in section 46(a) as of the close of the taxable year in which the credit is used.”

Pub. L. 101–508, § 11813(b)(2)(D)(iii)Subsec. (d)(3)(B). , amended subpar. (B) generally. Prior to amendment, subpar. (B) read as follows: “the employee plan percentage (as defined in section 46(a)(2)(E), as in effect on the day before the date of the enactment of the Tax Reform Act of 1984) shall be treated as referred to after section 46(a)(2).”

Pub. L. 100–647, § 1007(g)(2)1988—Subsec. (c). , amended pars. (1) to (3) generally, substituting pars. (1) and (2) for former pars. (1) to (3), redesignating former par. (4) as (3), and substituting “subparagraph (B) of paragraph (1)” for “subparagraphs (A) and (B) of paragraph (1)” in subpars. (A), (B), (C), and (D).

Pub. L. 100–647, § 1007(g)(8)Pub. L. 99–514, § 701(c)(4), made technical correction to directory language of , see 1986 Amendment note below.

Pub. L. 100–647, § 1002(e)(8)(A)Subsec. (d). , substituted “Ordering rules” for “Special rules for certain regulated companies” in heading and amended text generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “In the case of any taxpayer to which section 46(f) applies, for purposes of sections 46(f), 47(a), and 196(a) and any other provision of this title where it is necessary to ascertain the extent to which the credits determined under section 40(a), 41(a), 42(a), 46(a), or 51(a) are used in a taxable year or as a carryback or carryforward, the order in which such credits are used shall be determined on the basis of the order in which they are listed in subsection (b).”

Pub. L. 99–514, § 231(d)(1)1986—Subsec. (b)(4). , added par. (4).

Pub. L. 99–514, § 1171(b)(1), struck out former par. (4) which read as follows: “the employee stock ownership credit determined under section 41(a)”.

Pub. L. 99–514, § 252(b)(1)Subsec. (b)(5). , added par. (5).

Pub. L. 99–514, § 701(c)(4)Pub. L. 100–647, § 1007(g)(8)Subsec. (c). , as amended by , added pars. (1) to (3), redesignated former par. (3) as (4), and struck out former par. (1) “In general” which provided: “The credit allowed under subsection (a) for any taxable year shall not exceed the sum of—

“(A) so much of the taxpayer’s net tax liability for the taxable year as does not exceed $25,000, plus

“(B) 75 percent of so much of the taxpayer’s net tax liability for the taxable year as exceeds $25,000.”

and former par. (2) “Net tax liability”, which provided: “For purposes of paragraph (1), the term ‘net tax liability’ means the tax liability (as defined in section 26(b)), reduced by the sum of the credits allowable under subparts A and B of this part.”

Pub. L. 99–514, § 221(a)Subsec. (c)(1)(B). , substituted “75 percent” for “85 percent”.

Pub. L. 99–514, § 252(b)(2)Subsec. (d). , inserted “42(a),”.

Pub. L. 99–514, § 1171(b)(2), substituted “and 196(a)” for “196(a), and 404(i)” and struck out “41(a),” after “40(a)”.

Pub. L. 99–514, § 231(d)(3)(B), inserted “41(a),” after “40(a),”.

Pub. L. 98–369, § 612(e)(1)1984—Subsec. (c)(2). , substituted “section 26(b)” for “section 25(b)”.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2022 Amendment

Pub. L. 117–328, div. T, title I, § 112(e)136 Stat. 5295

section 45AA of this titlesection 3511 of this title“The amendments made by this section [enacting and amending this section and ] shall apply to taxable years beginning after the date of the enactment of this Act [].”
, , , provided that:

section 10101(d) of Pub. L. 117–169section 10101(f) of Pub. L. 117–169section 11 of this titleAmendment by applicable to taxable years beginning after , see , set out as a note under .

section 13105(b)(1) of Pub. L. 117–169section 13105(c) of Pub. L. 117–169section 45U of this titleAmendment by applicable to electricity produced and sold after , in taxable years beginning after such date, see , set out as an Effective Date note under .

section 13203(b) of Pub. L. 117–169section 13203(f) of Pub. L. 117–169section 40B of this titleAmendment by applicable to fuel sold or used after , see , set out as an Effective Date note under .

section 13204(a)(4)(A) of Pub. L. 117–169section 13204(a)(5)(A) of Pub. L. 117–169section 45V of this titleAmendment by applicable to hydrogen produced after , see , set out in an Effective Date note under .

section 13401(i)(3) of Pub. L. 117–169section 13401(k)(1) of Pub. L. 117–169section 30D of this titleAmendment by applicable to vehicles placed in service after , see , set out in an Effective Date of 2022 Amendment; Transition Rule note under .

section 13403(b)(1) of Pub. L. 117–169section 13403(c) of Pub. L. 117–169section 45W of this titleAmendment by applicable to vehicles acquired after , see , set out as an Effective Date note under .

section 13502(b)(1) of Pub. L. 117–169section 13502(c) of Pub. L. 117–169section 45X of this titleAmendment by applicable to components produced and sold after , see , set out as an Effective Date note under .

section 13701(b)(1) of Pub. L. 117–169section 13701(c) of Pub. L. 117–169section 45Y of this titleAmendment by applicable to facilities placed in service after , see , set out as an Effective Date note under .

section 13704(b)(3) of Pub. L. 117–169section 13704(c) of Pub. L. 117–169section 45Z of this titleAmendment by applicable to transportation fuel produced after , see , set out as an Effective Date note under .

Effective Date of 2019 Amendment

Pub. L. 116–94, div. O, title I, § 105(d)133 Stat. 3148

section 45T of this title“The amendments made by this section [enacting and amending this section] shall apply to taxable years beginning after .”
, , , provided that:

Effective Date of 2017 Amendment

section 12001(b)(1) of Pub. L. 115–97section 12001(c) of Pub. L. 115–97section 11 of this titleAmendment by applicable to taxable years beginning after , see , set out as a note under .

Pub. L. 115–97, title I, § 13403(e)131 Stat. 2138

section 45S of this title“The amendments made by this section [enacting and amending this section and sections 280C and 6501 of this title] shall apply to wages paid in taxable years beginning after .”
, , , provided that:

Effective Date of 2015 Amendment

Pub. L. 114–113, div. Q, title I, § 121(d)129 Stat. 3052

“(1)

Extension .—

The amendments made by subsection (a) [amending sections 41 and 45C of this title] shall apply to shall apply to [sic] amounts paid or incurred after .
“(2)

Credit allowed against alternative minimum tax in case of eligible small business .—

The amendments made by subsection (b) [amending this section] shall apply to credits determined for taxable years beginning after .
“(3)

Treatment of research credit for certain startup companies .—

The amendments made by subsection (c) [amending sections 41 and 3111 of this title] shall apply to taxable years beginning after .”
, , , provided that:

Pub. L. 114–113, div. Q, title I, § 186(e)(3)129 Stat. 3074

section 45 of this title“The amendments made by subsection (d) [amending this section and ] shall apply to credits determined for taxable years beginning after .”
, , , provided that:

Effective Date of 2014 Amendment

section 209(f)(1) of Pub. L. 113–295Pub. L. 111–5, div. B, title Isection 209(k) of Pub. L. 113–295section 24 of this titleAmendment by effective as if included in the provisions of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Tax Act of 2009, , to which such amendment relates, see , set out as a note under .

Pub. L. 113–295section 221(b) of Pub. L. 113–295section 1 of this titleAmendment by section 221(a)(2)(B), (6) of effective , subject to a savings provision, see , set out as a note under .

Effective Date of 2010 Amendment

Pub. L. 111–240, title II, § 2013(d)124 Stat. 2556

“The amendments made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall apply to credits determined in taxable years beginning after , and to carrybacks of such credits.”
, , , provided that:

Pub. L. 111–148, title I, § 1421(f)124 Stat. 242

“(1)

In general .—

section 45R of this titleThe amendments made by this section [enacting and amending this section and sections 196 and 280C of this title] shall apply to amounts paid or incurred in taxable years beginning after .
“(2)

Minimum tax .—

The amendments made by subsection (c) [amending this section] shall apply to credits determined under section 45R of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 in taxable years beginning after , and to carrybacks of such credits.”
, title X, § 10105(e)(4), , , 907, provided that:

Effective Date of 2009 Amendment

Pub. L. 111–5section 1141(c) of Pub. L. 111–5section 30B of this titleAmendment by applicable to vehicles acquired after , see , set out as a note under .

Effective Date of 2008 Amendment

section 103(b) of Pub. L. 110–343section 46 of this titlePub. L. 110–343section 48 of this titleAmendment by applicable to credits determined under in taxable years beginning after , and to carrybacks of such credits, see section 103(f)(1), (2) of , set out as a note under .

Pub. L. 110–343, div. B, title I, § 115(d)122 Stat. 3831

section 45Q of this title“The amendments made by this section [enacting and amending this section] shall apply to carbon dioxide captured after the date of the enactment of this Act [].”
, , , provided that:

section 205(c) of Pub. L. 110–343section 205(e) of Pub. L. 110–343section 24 of this titleAmendment by applicable to taxable years beginning after , see , set out as an Effective and Termination Dates of 2008 Amendment note under .

Pub. L. 110–343, div. C, title III, § 316(c)(2)122 Stat. 3873

“The amendments made by subsection (b) [amending this section] shall apply to credits determined under section 45G of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 in taxable years beginning after , and to carrybacks of such credits.”
, , , provided that:

Pub. L. 110–289, div. C, title I, § 3022(d)(2)122 Stat. 2894

“(2)

Low income housing credit .—

The amendments made by subsection (b) [amending this section] shall apply to credits determined under section 42 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to the extent attributable to buildings placed in service after .
“(3)

Rehabilitation credit .—

The amendments made by subsection (c) [amending this section] shall apply to credits determined under section 47 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to the extent attributable to qualified rehabilitation expenditures properly taken into account for periods after .”
, (3), , , provided that:

Pub. L. 110–245, title I, § 111(e)122 Stat. 1635

section 45P of this titlesection 280C of this title“The amendments made by this section [enacting and amending this section and ] shall apply to amounts paid after the date of the enactment of this Act [].”
, , , provided that:

Pub. L. 110–234Pub. L. 110–246Pub. L. 110–234section 4 of Pub. L. 110–246section 8701 of Title 7Amendment of this section and repeal of by effective , the date of enactment of , except as otherwise provided, see , set out as an Effective Date note under , Agriculture.

Pub. L. 110–234, title XV, § 15343(e)122 Stat. 1520 Pub. L. 110–246, § 4(a)122 Stat. 1664

section 45O of this titlesection 280C of this title“The amendments made by this section [enacting and amending this section and ] shall apply to amounts paid or incurred after the date of the enactment of this Act [].”
, , , and , title XV, § 15343(e), , , 2282, provided that:

Pub. L. 110–234Pub. L. 110–246Pub. L. 110–234section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246section 8701 of Title 7[ and enacted identical provisions. was repealed by , set out as a note under , Agriculture.]

Effective Date of 2007 Amendment

Pub. L. 110–28, title VIII, § 8214(b)121 Stat. 193

“The amendments made by this section [amending this section] shall apply to credits determined under sections 45B and 51 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 in taxable years beginning after , and to carrybacks of such credits.”
, , , provided that:

Effective Date of 2006 Amendment

Pub. L. 109–432, div. A, title IV, § 405(e)120 Stat. 2958

section 45N of this titlesection 280C of this title“The amendments made by this section [enacting and amending this section and ] shall apply to taxable years beginning after .”
, , , provided that:

Effective Date of 2005 Amendment

Pub. L. 109–59, title XI, § 11126(d)119 Stat. 1958

section 5011 of this title“The amendments made by this section [enacting and amending this section] shall apply to taxable years beginning after .”
, , , provided that:

Pub. L. 109–59, title XI, § 11151(d)(2)119 Stat. 1968

Pub. L. 109–58“If the Energy Policy Act of 2005 [, see Tables for classification] is enacted before the date of the enactment of this Act [], for purposes of executing any amendments made by the Energy Policy Act of 2005 to section 38(b) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, the amendments made by section 11126(b) of this Act [amending this section] shall be treated as having been executed before such amendments made by the Energy Policy Act of 2005.”
, , , provided that:

Pub. L. 109–59, title XI, § 11151(f)(3)119 Stat. 1969

Pub. L. 109–58, title XIII“The amendments made by subsections (d)(1) and (e)(2) [amending this section and sections 4041 and 6426 of this title] shall take effect as if included in the provision of the Energy Tax Incentives Act of 2005 [] to which they relate.”
, , , provided that:

Pub. L. 109–58, title XIII, § 1306(d)119 Stat. 999

section 45J of this title“The amendments made by this section [enacting and amending this section] shall apply to production in taxable years beginning after the date of the enactment of this Act [].”
, , , provided that:

section 1322(a)(2) of Pub. L. 109–58section 1322(c)(1) of Pub. L. 109–58section 45K of this titleAmendment by applicable to credits determined under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 for taxable years ending after , see , set out as a note under .

Pub. L. 109–58, title XIII, § 1332(f)119 Stat. 1026

section 45L of this title“The amendments made by this section [enacting and amending this section and sections 196 and 1016 of this title] shall apply to qualified new energy efficient homes acquired after , in taxable years ending after such date.”
, , , provided that:

Pub. L. 109–58, title XIII, § 1334(d)119 Stat. 1033

section 45M of this title“The amendments made by this section [enacting and amending this section] shall apply to appliances produced after .”
, , , provided that:

section 1341(b)(1) of Pub. L. 109–58section 1341(c) of Pub. L. 109–58section 30B of this titleAmendment by applicable to property placed in service after , in taxable years ending after such date, see , set out as an Effective Date note under .

section 1342(b)(1) of Pub. L. 109–58section 1342(c) of Pub. L. 109–58section 30C of this titleAmendment by applicable to property placed in service after , in taxable years ending after such date, see , set out as an Effective Date note under .

Effective Date of 2004 Amendment

Pub. L. 108–357, title II, § 245(e)118 Stat. 1448

section 45G of this title“The amendments made by this section [enacting and amending this section and sections 39 and 1016 of this title] shall apply to taxable years beginning after .”
, , , provided that:

Pub. L. 108–357, title III, § 302(d)118 Stat. 1466

section 40A of this title“The amendments made by this section [enacting and amending this section and sections 87 and 196 of this title] shall apply to fuel produced, and sold or used, after , in taxable years ending after such date.”
, , , provided that:

Pub. L. 108–357, title III, § 339(f)118 Stat. 1485

section 45H of this title“The amendments made by this section [enacting and amending this section and sections 196, 280C, and 1016 of this title] shall apply to expenses paid or incurred after , in taxable years ending after such date.”
, , , provided that:

Pub. L. 108–357, title III, § 341(e)118 Stat. 1487

section 45I of this titlesection 39 of this title“The amendments made by this section [enacting and amending this section and ] shall apply to production in taxable years beginning after .”
, , , provided that:

Pub. L. 108–357, title VII, § 711(c)118 Stat. 1558

“Except as otherwise provided, the amendments made by this section [amending this section] shall apply to taxable years ending after the date of the enactment of this Act [].”
, , , provided that:

Effective Date of 2002 Amendment

Pub. L. 107–147, title III, § 301(b)(3)116 Stat. 40

“The amendments made by this subsection [amending this section] shall apply to taxable years ending after .”
, , , provided that:

section 411(d)(2) of Pub. L. 107–147Pub. L. 107–16section 411(x) of Pub. L. 107–147section 25B of this titleAmendment by effective as if included in the provisions of the Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001, , to which such amendment relates, see , set out as a note under .

Effective Date of 2001 Amendment

Pub. L. 107–16, title II, § 205(c)115 Stat. 53

section 45F of this titlesection 1016 of this title“The amendments made by this section [enacting and amending this section and ] shall apply to taxable years beginning after .”
, , , provided that:

Pub. L. 107–16, title VI, § 619(d)115 Stat. 110 Pub. L. 107–147, title IV, § 411(n)(2)116 Stat. 48

section 45E of this title“The amendments made by this section [enacting and amending this section and sections 39 and 196 of this title] shall apply to costs paid or incurred in taxable years beginning after , with respect to qualified employer plans first effective after such date.”
, , , as amended by , , , provided that:

Effective Date of 2000 Amendment

Pub. L. 106–554, § 1(a)(7) [title I, § 121(e)]114 Stat. 2763

section 45D of this titlesection 45D of this title“The amendments made by this section [enacting , amending this section and sections 39 and 196 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under ] shall apply to investments made after .”
, , , 2763A–610, provided that:

Effective Date of 1996 Amendment

Pub. L. 104–188, title I, § 1201(g)110 Stat. 1772

“The amendments made by this section [amending this section and sections 41, 45A, 51, 196, and 1396 of this title] shall apply to individuals who begin work for the employer after .”
, , , provided that:

section 1205(a)(2) of Pub. L. 104–188section 1205(e) of Pub. L. 104–188section 45K of this titleAmendment by applicable to amounts paid or incurred in taxable years ending after , see , set out as a note under .

Pub. L. 104–188, title I, § 1702(i)110 Stat. 1875

section 42 of this titlePub. L. 101–508, title XI“Except as otherwise expressly provided, any amendment made by this section [amending this section, sections 50, 56, 59, 143, 151, 168, 172, 179, 243, 280F, 341, 424, 460, 613A, 805, 832, 861, 897, 1248, 1250, 1367, 1504, 2701, 2702, 2704, 4093, 4975, 5041, 5061, 5354, 6038A, 6302, 6416, 6427, 6501, 6503, 6621, 6724, and 7012 of this title, and provisions set out as a note under ] shall take effect as if included in the provision of the Revenue Reconciliation Act of 1990 [] to which such amendment relates.”
, , , provided that:

Effective Date of 1993 Amendment

Pub. L. 103–66, title XIII, § 13303107 Stat. 556

Pub. L. 103–66“The amendments made by this part [part I (§§ 13301–13303) of subchapter C of chapter 1 of title XIII of , enacting sections 1391 to 1394 and 1396 to 1397D of this title and amending this section and sections 39, 51, 196, 280C, and 381 of this title] shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act [].”
, , , provided that:

Pub. L. 103–66, title XIII, § 13322(f)107 Stat. 563

section 45A of this title“The amendments made by this section [enacting and amending this section and sections 39, 196, and 280C of this title] shall apply to wages paid or incurred after .”
, , , provided that:

Pub. L. 103–66, title XIII, § 13443(d)107 Stat. 569 Pub. L. 104–188, title I, § 1112(a)(2)110 Stat. 1759

section 45B of this titlesection 39 of this title“The amendments made by this section [enacting and amending this section and ] shall apply with respect to taxes paid after , with respect to services performed before, on, or after such date.”
, , , as amended by , , , provided that:

Effective Date of 1992 Amendment

Pub. L. 102–486, title XIX, § 1914(e)106 Stat. 3023

section 45 of this titlesection 39 of this title“The amendments made by this section [enacting and amending this section and ] shall apply to taxable years ending after .”
, , , provided that:

Effective Date of 1990 Amendment

section 11511(b)(1) of Pub. L. 101–508section 11511(d)(1) of Pub. L. 101–508section 43 of this titleAmendment by applicable to costs paid or incurred in taxable years beginning after , see , set out as an Effective Date note under .

Pub. L. 101–508, title XI, § 11611(e)104 Stat. 1388–503

“(1)

In general .—

section 44 of this titleExcept as provided in paragraph (2), the amendments made by this section [enacting and amending this section and sections 39 and 190 of this title] shall apply to expenditures paid or incurred after the date of the enactment of this Act [].
“(2)

Subsection (c).—

section 190 of this titleThe amendment made by subsection (c) [amending ] shall apply to taxable years beginning after the date of the enactment of this Act.”
, , , provided that:

section 11813(b)(2) of Pub. L. 101–508section 49(e) of this titlesection 46(d) of this titlesection 46(b)(2)(C) of this titlesection 11813(c) of Pub. L. 101–508section 45K of this titleAmendment by applicable to property placed in service after , but not applicable to any transition property (as defined in ), any property with respect to which qualified progress expenditures were previously taken into account under , and any property described in , as such sections were in effect on , see , set out as a note under .

Effective Date of 1988 Amendment

Pub. L. 100–647, title I, § 1002(e)(8)(C)102 Stat. 3369

section 49 of this title“The amendments made by this paragraph [amending this section and ] shall apply to taxable years beginning after , and to carrybacks from such years.”
, , , provided that:

Pub. L. 100–647Pub. L. 99–514section 1019(a) of Pub. L. 100–647section 1 of this titleAmendment by section 1007(g)(2), (8) of effective, except as otherwise provided, as if included in the provision of the Tax Reform Act of 1986, , to which such amendment relates, see , set out as a note under .

Effective Date of 1986 Amendment

Pub. L. 99–514, title II, § 221(b)100 Stat. 2173

“The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall apply to taxable years beginning after .”
, , , provided that:

Pub. L. 99–514section 231(g) of Pub. L. 99–514section 41 of this titleAmendment by section 231(d)(1), (3)(B) of applicable to taxable years beginning after , see , set out as a note under .

section 252(b) of Pub. L. 99–514section 252(e) of Pub. L. 99–514section 42 of this titleAmendment by applicable to buildings placed in service after , in taxable years ending after such date, see , set out as an Effective Date note under .

section 701(c)(4) of Pub. L. 99–514section 701(f) of Pub. L. 99–514section 55 of this titleAmendment by applicable to taxable years beginning after , with certain exceptions and qualifications, see , set out as an Effective Date note under .

Pub. L. 99–514, title XI, § 1171(c)100 Stat. 2513

“(1)

In general .—

Except as provided in paragraph (2), the amendments made by this section [amending this section and sections 56, 108, 401, and 404 of this title and repealing sections 41 and 6699 of this title] shall apply to compensation paid or accrued after , in taxable years ending after such date.
“(2)

Sections 404(and 6699 to continue to apply to pre-1987 credits i) .—

The provisions of sections 404(i) and 6699 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 shall continue to apply with respect to credits under section 41 of such Code attributable to compensation paid or accrued before (or under section 38 of such Code with respect to qualified investment before ).”
, , , provided that:

Effective Date of 1984 Amendment

Pub. L. 98–369section 612(g) of Pub. L. 98–369section 25 of this titleAmendment by applicable to interest paid or accrued after , on indebtedness incurred after , see , set out as an Effective Date note under .

Effective Date

section 475(a) of Pub. L. 98–369section 21 of this titleSection applicable to taxable years beginning after , and to carrybacks from such years, see , set out as an Effective Date of 1984 Amendment note under .

Savings Provision

Pub. L. 115–141section 401(d)(6)(C) of Pub. L. 115–141section 1400L of this titleFor provisions that amendment made by section 401(d)(6)(B)(i)–(iii) of not apply, in the case of certain repeals, to various types of wages, bonds, property, or other items before specific dates, see , set out as a note under former .

Pub. L. 115–141section 401(e) of Pub. L. 115–141section 23 of this titleFor provisions that nothing in amendment by section 401(b)(5)(A)–(D), (d)(2)(B), (6)(B)(i)–(iii) of be construed to affect treatment of certain transactions occurring, property acquired, or items of income, loss, deduction, or credit taken into account prior to , for purposes of determining liability for tax for periods ending after , see , set out as a note under .

section 11813(b)(2) of Pub. L. 101–508section 11821(b) of Pub. L. 101–508section 45K of this titleFor provisions that nothing in amendment by be construed to affect treatment of certain transactions occurring, property acquired, or items of income, loss, deduction, or credit taken into account prior to , for purposes of determining liability for tax for periods ending after , see , set out as a note under .

Business Credit for Retention of Certain Newly Hired Individuals in 2010

Pub. L. 111–147, title I, § 102124 Stat. 75

“(a)

In General .—

In the case of any taxable year ending after the date of the enactment of this Act [], the current year business credit determined under section 38(b) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 for such taxable year shall be increased, with respect to each retained worker with respect to which subsection (b)(2) is first satisfied during such taxable year, by the lesser of—
“(1)
$1,000, or
“(2)
6.2 percent of the wages (as defined in section 3401(a) [probably means section 3401(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986]) paid by the taxpayer to such retained worker during the 52 consecutive week period referred to in subsection (b)(2).
“(b)

Retained Worker .—

For purposes of this section, the term ‘retained worker’ means any qualified individual (as defined in [former] section 3111(d)(3) or [former] section 3221(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986)—
“(1)
who was employed by the taxpayer on any date during the taxable year,
“(2)
who was so employed by the taxpayer for a period of not less than 52 consecutive weeks, and
“(3)
whose wages (as defined in section 3401(a) [probably means section 3401(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986]) for such employment during the last 26 weeks of such period equaled at least 80 percent of such wages for the first 26 weeks of such period.
“(c)

Limitation on Carrybacks .—

No portion of the unused business credit under section 38 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 for any taxable year which is attributable to the increase in the current year business credit under this section may be carried to a taxable year beginning before the date of the enactment of this section [].
“(d)

Treatment of Possessions.—

“(1)

Payments to possessions.—

“(A)

Mirror code possessions .—

The Secretary of the Treasury shall pay to each possession of the United States with a mirror code tax system amounts equal to the loss to that possession by reason of the application of this section (other than this subsection). Such amounts shall be determined by the Secretary of the Treasury based on information provided by the government of the respective possession.
“(B)

Other possessions .—

The Secretary of the Treasury shall pay to each possession of the United States which does not have a mirror code tax system amounts estimated by the Secretary of the Treasury as being equal to the aggregate benefits that would have been provided to residents of such possession by reason of the application of this section (other than this subsection) if a mirror code tax system had been in effect in such possession. The preceding sentence shall not apply with respect to any possession of the United States unless such possession has a plan, which has been approved by the Secretary of the Treasury, under which such possession will promptly distribute such payments to the residents of such possession.
“(2)

Coordination with credit allowed against united states income taxes .—

No increase in the credit determined under section 38(b) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 against United States income taxes for any taxable year determined under subsection (a) shall be taken into account with respect to any person—
“(A)
to whom a credit is allowed against taxes imposed by the possession by reason of this section for such taxable year, or
“(B)
who is eligible for a payment under a plan described in paragraph (1)(B) with respect to such taxable year.
“(3)

Definitions and special rules.—

“(A)

Possession of the united states .—

For purposes of this subsection, the term ‘possession of the United States’ includes the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands.
“(B)

Mirror code tax system .—

For purposes of this subsection, the term ‘mirror code tax system’ means, with respect to any possession of the United States, the income tax system of such possession if the income tax liability of the residents of such possession under such system is determined by reference to the income tax laws of the United States as if such possession were the United States.
“(C)

Treatment of payments .—

section 1324(b)(2) of title 31section 1001(b)(3)(C) of Pub. L. 111–5section 36A of this titleFor purposes of , United States Code, rules similar to the rules of section 1001(b)(3)(C) of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Tax Act of 2009 [, formerly set out as a note under ] shall apply.”
, , , provided that:

Credit for Contributions to Certain Community Development Corporations

Pub. L. 103–66, title XIII, § 13311107 Stat. 556 Pub. L. 104–188, title I, § 1703(n)(13)110 Stat. 1877

“(a)

In General .—

For purposes of section 38 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, the current year business credit shall include the credit determined under this section.
“(b)

Determination of Credit .—

The credit determined under this section for each taxable year in the credit period with respect to any qualified CDC contribution made by the taxpayer is an amount equal to 5 percent of such contribution.
“(c)

Credit Period .—

For purposes of this section, the credit period with respect to any qualified CDC contribution is the period of 10 taxable years beginning with the taxable year during which such contribution was made.
“(d)

Qualified CDC Contribution .—

For purposes of this section—
“(1)

In general .—

The term ‘qualified CDC contribution’ means any transfer of cash—
“(A)
which is made to a selected community development corporation during the 5-year period beginning on the date such corporation was selected for purposes of this section,
“(B)
the amount of which is available for use by such corporation for at least 10 years,
“(C)
which is to be used by such corporation for qualified low-income assistance within its operational area, and
“(D)
which is designated by such corporation for purposes of this section.
“(2)

Limitations on amount designated .—

The aggregate amount of contributions to a selected community development corporation which may be designated by such corporation shall not exceed $2,000,000.
“(e)

Selected Community Development Corporations.—

“(1)

In general .—

For purposes of this section, the term ‘selected community development corporation’ means any corporation—
“(A)
which is described in section 501(c)(3) of such Code and exempt from tax under section 501(a) of such Code,
“(B)
the principal purposes of which include promoting employment of, and business opportunities for, low-income individuals who are residents of the operational area, and
“(C)
which is selected by the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development for purposes of this section.
“(2)

Only 20 corporations may be selected .—

The Secretary of Housing and Urban Development may select 20 corporations for purposes of this section, subject to the availability of eligible corporations. Such selections may be made only before . At least 8 of the operational areas of the corporations selected must be rural areas (as defined by section 1393(a)(2) of such Code).
“(3)

Operational areas must have certain characteristics .—

A corporation may be selected for purposes of this section only if its operational area meets the following criteria:
“(A)
The area meets the size requirements under section 1392(a)(3).
“(B)
The unemployment rate (as determined by the appropriate available data) is not less than the national unemployment rate.
“(C)
The median family income of residents of such area does not exceed 80 percent of the median gross income of residents of the jurisdiction of the local government which includes such area.
“(f)

Qualified Low-Income Assistance .—

For purposes of this section, the term ‘qualified low-income assistance’ means assistance—
“(1)
which is designed to provide employment of, and business opportunities for, low-income individuals who are residents of the operational area of the community development corporation, and
“(2)
which is approved by the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development.”
, , , as amended by , , , provided that:

Public Law 99–514Applicability of Certain Amendments by in Relation to Treaty Obligations of United States

section 701(c)(4) of Pub. L. 99–514Pub. L. 100–647Pub. L. 99–514Pub. L. 100–647section 861 of this titleFor applicability of amendment by notwithstanding any treaty obligation of the United States in effect on , with provision that for such purposes any amendment by title I of be treated as if it had been included in the provision of to which such amendment relates, see section 1012(aa)(2), (4) of , set out as a note under .

Effective 15-Year Carryback of Existing Carryforwards of Steel Companies

Pub. L. 99–514, title II, § 212100 Stat. 2170 Pub. L. 100–647, title I, § 1002(f)102 Stat. 3369

“(a)

General Rule .—

If a qualified corporation makes an election under this section for its 1st taxable year beginning after , with respect to any portion of its existing carryforwards, the amount determined under subsection (b) shall be treated as a payment against the tax imposed by chapter 1 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 made by such corporation on the last day prescribed by law (without regard to extensions) for filing its return of tax under chapter 1 of such Code for such 1st taxable year.
“(b)

Amount .—

For purposes of subsection (a), the amount determined under this subsection shall be the lesser of—
“(1)
50 percent of the portion of the corporation’s existing carryforwards to which the election under subsection (a) applies, or
“(2)
the corporation’s net tax liability for the carryback period.
“(c)

Corporation Making Election May Not Use Same Amounts Under Section 38.—

In the case of a qualified corporation which makes an election under subsection (a), the portion of such corporation’s existing carryforwards to which such an election applies shall not be taken into account under section 38 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 for any taxable year beginning after .
“(d)

Net Tax Liability for Carryback Period .—

For purposes of this section—
“(1)

In general .—

A corporation’s net tax liability for the carryback period is the aggregate of such corporation’s net tax liability for taxable years in the carryback period.
“(2)

Net tax liability .—

The term ‘net tax liability’ means, with respect to any taxable year, the amount of the tax imposed by chapter 1 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 [now 1986] for such taxable year, reduced by the sum of the credits allowable under part IV of subchapter A of such chapter 1 (other than section 34 thereof). For purposes of the preceding sentence, any tax treated as not imposed by chapter 1 of such Code under section 26(b)(2) of such Code shall not be treated as tax imposed by such chapter 1.
“(3)

Carryback period .—

The term ‘carryback period’ means the period—
“(A)
which begins with the corporation’s 15th taxable year preceding the 1st taxable year from which there is an unused credit included in such corporation’s existing carryforwards (but in no event shall such period begin before the corporation’s 1st taxable year ending after ), and
“(B)
which ends with the corporation’s last taxable year beginning before .
“(e)

No Recomputation of Minimum Tax, Etc .—

Nothing in this section shall be construed to affect—
“(1)
the amount of the tax imposed by section 56 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, or
“(2)
the amount of any credit allowable under such Code,
for any taxable year in the carryback period.
“(f)

Reinvestment Requirement.—

“(1)

In general .—

Any amount determined under this section must be committed to reinvestment in, and modernization of the steel industry through investment in modern plant and equipment, research and development, and other appropriate projects, such as working capital for steel operations and programs for the retraining of steel workers.
“(2)

Special rule .—

In the case of the LTV Corporation, in lieu of the requirements of paragraph (1)—
“(A)
such corporation shall place such refund in a separate account; and
“(B)
amounts in such separate account—
“(i)
shall only be used by the corporation—
     “(I)
to purchase an insurance policy which provides that, in the event the corporation becomes involved in a title 11 or similar case (as defined in section 368(a)(3)(A) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 [now 1986]), the insurer will provide life and health insurance coverage during the 1-year period beginning on the date when the corporation receives the refund to any individual with respect to whom the corporation would (but for such involvement) have been obligated to provide such coverage the coverage provided by the insurer will be identical to the coverage which the corporation would (but for such involvement) have been obligated to provide, and provides that the payment of insurance premiums will not be required during such 1-year period to keep such policy in force, or
     “(II)
directly in connection with the trade or business of the corporation in the manufacturer or production of steel; and
“(ii)
shall be used (or obligated) for purposes described in clause (i) not later than 3 months after the corporation receives the refund.
“(3)
In the case of a qualified corporation, no offset to any refund under this section may be made by reason of any tax imposed by section 4971 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (or any interest or penalty attributable to any such tax), and the date on which any such refund is to be paid shall be determined without regard to such corporation’s status under title 11, United States Code.
“(g)

Definitions .—

For purposes of this section—
“(1)

Qualified corporation.—

“(A)

In general .—

19 U.S.C. 2253The term ‘qualified corporation’ means any corporation which is described in section 806(b) of the Steel Import Stabilization Act [ note] and a company which was incorporated on , in Michigan.
“(B)

Certain predecessors included .—

In the case of any qualified corporation which has carryforward attributable to a predecessor corporation described in such section 806(b), the qualified corporation and the predecessor corporation shall be treated as 1 corporation for purposes of subsections (d) and (e).
“(2)

Existing carryforwards .—

The term ‘existing carryforward’ means the aggregate of the amounts which—
“(A)
are unused business credit carryforwards to the taxpayer’s 1st taxable year beginning after (determined without regard to the limitations of section 38(c) and any reduction under section 49 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986), and
“(B)
are attributable to the amount of the regular investment credit determined for periods before , under section 46(a)(1) of such Code (relating to regular percentage), or any corresponding provision of prior law, determined on the basis that the regular investment credit was used first.
“(3)

Special rule for restructuring .—

In the case of any corporation, any restructuring shall not limit, increase, or otherwise affect the benefits which would have been available under this section but for such restructuring.
“(h)

Tentative Refunds .—

Rules similar to the rules of section 6425 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 shall apply to any overpayment resulting from the application of this section.”
, , , as amended by , , , provided that:

Effective 15-Year Carryback of Existing Carryforwards of Qualified Farmers

Pub. L. 99–514, title II, § 213100 Stat. 2172 Pub. L. 100–647, title I, § 1002(g)102 Stat. 3369

“(a)

General Rule .—

If a taxpayer who is a qualified farmer makes an election under this section for its 1st taxable year beginning after , with respect to any portion of its existing carryforwards, the amount determined under subsection (b) shall be treated as a payment against the tax imposed by chapter 1 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 made by such taxpayer on the last day prescribed by law (without regard to extensions) for filing its return of tax under chapter 1 of such Code for such 1st taxable year.
“(b)

Amount .—

For purposes of subsection (a), the amount determined under this subsection shall be equal to the smallest of—
“(1)
50 percent of the portion of the taxpayer’s existing carryforwards to which the election under subsection (a) applies,
“(2)
the taxpayer’s net tax liability for the carryback period (within the meaning of section 212(d) of this Act [set out as a note above]), or
“(3)
$750.
“(c)

Taxpayer Making Election May Not Use Same Amounts Under Section 38.—

In the case of a qualified farmer who makes an election under subsection (a), the portion of such farmer’s existing carryforwards to which such an election applies shall not be taken into account under section 38 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 for any taxable year beginning after .
“(d)

No Recomputation of Minimum Tax, Etc .—

Nothing in this section shall be construed to affect—
“(1)
the amount of the tax imposed by section 56 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 [now 1986], or
“(2)
the amount of any credit allowable under such Code,
for any taxable year in the carryback period (within the meaning of section 212(d)(3) of this Act [set out as a note above]).
“(e)

Definitions and Special Rules .—

For purposes of this section—
“(1)

Qualified farmer .—

The term ‘qualified farmer’ means any taxpayer who, during the 3-taxable year period preceding the taxable year for which an election is made under subsection (a), derived 50 percent or more of the taxpayer’s gross income from the trade or business of farming.
“(2)

Existing carryforward .—

The term ‘existing carryforward’ means the aggregate of the amounts which—
“(A)
are unused business credit carryforwards to the taxpayer’s 1st taxable year beginning after (determined without regard to the limitations of section 38(c) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986), and
“(B)
are attributable to the amount of the investment credit determined for periods before , under section 46(a) of such Code (or any corresponding provision of prior law) with respect to section 38 property which was used by the taxpayer in the trade or business of farming, determined on the basis that such credit was used first.
“(3)

Farming .—

The term ‘farming’ has the meaning given such term by section 2032A(e)(4) and (5) of such Code.”
, , , as amended by , , , provided that:

Treatment of Investment Tax Credits With Respect to Certain Public Utilities

section 701(f)(6) of Pub. L. 99–514section 55 of this titleFor provisions requiring different applications of subsec. (c) of this section to certain public utilities by making substitutions in the percentages of the tentative minimum tax referred to in subsec. (c)(3)(A)(ii), (B), under certain circumstances, see , set out as an Effective Date note under .

Plan Amendments Not Required Until January 1, 1989

Pub. L. 99–514section 1140 of Pub. L. 99–514section 401 of this titleFor provisions directing that if any amendments made by subtitle A or subtitle C of title XI [§§ 1101–1147 and 1171–1177] or title XVIII [§§ 1800–1899A] of require an amendment to any plan, such plan amendment shall not be required to be made before the first plan year beginning on or after , see , as amended, set out as a note under .

Transition Rules

Pub. L. 99–514, title XI, § 1177100 Stat. 2520 Pub. L. 100–647, title I, § 1011Bl102 Stat. 3493

“(a)

Section 1171.—

The amendments made by section 1171 [amending this section and sections 56, 108, 401, and 404 of this title and repealing sections 41 and 6699 of this title] shall not apply in the case of a tax credit employee stock ownership plan if—
“(1)
such plan was favorably approved on , by employees, and
“(2)
not later than , the employer of such employees was 100 percent owned by such plan.
“(b)

Subtitle Not To Apply to Certain News­paper .—

section 401 of this titleThe amendments made by section 1175 [amending ] shall not apply to any daily newspaper—
“(1)
which was first published on , and which began publication under its current name in 1954, and
“(2)
which is published in a constitutional home rule city (within the meaning of section 146(d)(3)(C) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986) which has a population of less than 2,500,000.”
, , , as amended by ()(1), (2), , , provided that:

Pub. L. 100–647, title I, § 1011Bl102 Stat. 3493

section 1177(b) of Pub. L. 99–514“If any newspaper corporation described in section 1177(b) of the Reform Act [, set out above], as amended by this subsection, pays in cash a dividend within 60 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [] to the corporation’s employee stock ownership plans and if a corporate resolution declaring such dividend was adopted before , and such resolution specifies that such dividend shall be contingent upon passage by the Congress of technical corrections, then such dividend (to the extent the aggregate amount so paid does not exceed $3,500,000) shall be treated as if it had been declared and paid in 1987 for all purposes of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986.”
()(3), , , provided that:

Accounting for Investment Credit in Certain Financial Reports and Reports to Federal Agencies

Pub. L. 92–178, title I, § 101(c)85 Stat. 499 Pub. L. 98–369, div. A, title IV, § 450(a)98 Stat. 818 Pub. L. 99–514, § 2100 Stat. 2095

“(1)

In general.—

section 1 of this titlesection 50 of this titleIt was the intent of Congress in enacting, in the Revenue Act of 1962 [see Short Title of 1962 Amendment note set out under ], the investment credit allowed by section 38 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 [formerly I.R.C. 1954], and it is the intent of the Congress in restoring that credit in this Act [], to provide an incentive for modernization and growth of private industry. Accordingly, notwithstanding any other provision of law, on and after the date of the enactment of this Act []—
“(A)
no taxpayer shall be required to use, for purposes of financial reports subject to the jurisdiction of any Federal agency or reports made to any Federal agency, any particular method of accounting for the credit allowed by such section 38 [this section], and
“(B)
a taxpayer shall disclose, in any such report, the method of accounting for such credit used by him for purposes of such report.
“(2)

Exceptions.—

Paragraph (1) shall not apply to taxpayers who are subject to the provisions of section 46(e) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (as added by section 105(c) of this Act) or to section 203(e) of the Revenue Act of 1964 (as modified by section 105(e) of this Act) [set out as note below].”
, , , as amended by , , ; , , , provided that:

Pub. L. 98–369, div. A, title IV, § 450(b)98 Stat. 818

“The amendments made by this section [amending this note] shall take effect as if included in the Revenue Act of 1971.”
[, , , provided that: ]

Treatment of Investment Credit by Federal Regulatory Agencies

Pub. L. 88–272, title II, § 203(e)78 Stat. 35 Pub. L. 99–514, § 2100 Stat. 2095

“It was the intent of the Congress in providing an investment credit under section 38 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 [formerly I.R.C. 1954] and it is the intent of the Congress in repealing the reduction in basis required by section 48(g) of such Code to provide an incentive for modernization and growth of private industry (including that portion thereof which is regulated). Accordingly, Congress does not intend that any agency or instrumentality of the United States having jurisdiction with respect to a taxpayer shall, without the consent of the taxpayer, use—
“(1)
in the case of public utility property (as defined in section 46(c)(3)(B) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, more than a proportionate part (determined with reference to the average useful life of the property with respect to which the credit was allowed) of the credit against tax allowed for any taxable year by section 38 of such Code, or
“(2)
in the case of any other property, any credit against tax allowed by section 38 of such Code,
to reduce such taxpayer’s Federal income taxes for the purpose of establishing the cost of service of the taxpayer or to accomplish a similar result by any other method.”
, , , as amended by , , , provided that:

Section 203(e) of Pub. L. 88–272section 46(e) of this titlesection 105(e) of Pub. L. 92–178section 46 of this title, not applicable to public utility property to which applies, see , set out as a note under .