42 U.S.C. § 1786

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Pub. L. 93–86section 612c of Title 7Sections 4 and 5 of the Agriculture and Consumer Protection Act of 1973, referred to in subsecs. (c)(3), (e)(3)(B)(i), and (f)(1)(D), are sections 4 and 5 of , which are set out as notes under , Agriculture.

Pub. L. 88–525Aug. 31, 196478 Stat. 703 section 2011 of Title 7The Food and Nutrition Act of 2008, referred to in subsecs. (d)(2)(A)(ii)(I), (m)(7)(B), and (n)(1), is , , , which is classified generally to chapter 51 (§ 2011 et seq.) of Title 7, Agriculture. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under and Tables.

act Aug. 14, 1935, ch. 531 49 Stat. 620 section 1305 of this titleThe Social Security Act, referred to in subsecs. (d)(2)(A)(ii)(II), (iii)(I), (e)(4)(A), and (f)(17), is , . Part A of title IV, title XIX, and title XXI of the Act are classified generally to part A (§ 601 et seq.) of subchapter IV, subchapter XIX (§ 1396 et seq.), and subchapter XXI (§ 1397aa et seq.), respectively, of chapter 7 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see and Tables.

Pub. L. 101–336July 26, 1990104 Stat. 327 section 12101 of this titleThe Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, referred to in subsec. (d)(3)(C)(i), is , , , which is classified principally to chapter 126 (§ 12101 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under and Tables.

act June 25, 1938, ch. 675 52 Stat. 1040 section 301 of Title 21The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, referred to in subsec. (f)(15), is , , which is classified generally to chapter 9 (§ 301 et seq.) of Title 21, Food and Drugs. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see and Tables.

July 1, 1944Pub. L. 104–299, § 2Oct. 11, 1996110 Stat. 3626 Pub. L. 104–299July 1, 1944Sections 254b and 254c of this title, referred to in subsec. (j)(4), were in the original references to sections 329 and 330 of the Public Health Service Act, act , which were omitted in the general amendment of subpart I (§ 254b et seq.) of part D of subchapter II of chapter 6A of this title by , , . Sections 2 and 3(a) of enacted new sections 330 and 330A of act , which are classified, respectively, to sections 254b and 254c of this title.

section 1304 of Pub. L. 95–113Sept. 29, 197791 Stat. 980 Section 1304 of the Food and Agriculture Act of 1977, referred to in subsec. (k)(1), is , title XIII, , , which amended provisions set out as notes under sections 612c and 1281 of Title 7, Agriculture.

Pub. L. 105–336, title II, § 203oOct. 31, 1998112 Stat. 3164 Subparagraph (G)(i), referred to in subsec. (m)(6)(C)(iv), meaning subpar. (G)(i) of subsec. (m)(6), was redesignated subpar. (F)(i) of subsec. (m)(6) by ()(3)(B), , .

Codification

Pub. L. 110–234Pub. L. 110–246Pub. L. 110–234section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246 and made identical amendments to this section. The amendments by were repealed by .

Pub. L. 99–591Pub. L. 99–500 is a corrected version of .

Amendments

Pub. L. 117–129, § 2(1)2022—Subsec. (b)(24). , added par. (24).

Pub. L. 117–263Subsec. (d)(2)(B)(ii). substituted “section 405” for “section 475”.

Pub. L. 117–129, § 2(2)Subsec. (h)(8)(L), (M). , added subpars. (L) and (M).

Pub. L. 117–129, § 2(3)Subsecs. (r), (s). , added subsecs. (r) and (s).

Pub. L. 112–239, § 1076(a)(9)Pub. L. 112–81, § 631(f)(4)(B)2013—Subsec. (d)(2)(B)(ii). , made technical amendment to directory language of . See 2011 Amendment note below.

Pub. L. 112–81, § 631(f)(4)(B)Pub. L. 112–239, § 1076(a)(9)2011—Subsec. (d)(2)(B)(ii). , as amended by , substituted “475” for “405”.

Pub. L. 111–296, § 231(1)2010—Subsec. (a). , substituted “supplemental foods and nutrition education, including breastfeeding promotion and support, through any eligible local agency” for “supplemental foods and nutrition education through any eligible local agency” in second sentence.

Pub. L. 111–296, § 231(2)Subsec. (b)(4). , inserted “breastfeeding support and promotion,” after “nutrition education,”.

Pub. L. 111–296, § 231(3)Subsec. (c)(1). , substituted “supplemental foods, nutrition education, and breastfeeding support and promotion to” for “supplemental foods and nutrition education to” in first sentence of introductory provisions.

Pub. L. 111–296, § 131Subsec. (d)(3)(A)(iii). , added cl. (iii).

Pub. L. 111–296, § 231(4)Subsec. (e)(2). , inserted “, including breastfeeding support and education,” after “providing nutrition education” in second sentence.

Pub. L. 111–296, § 351Subsec. (e)(3)(B). , which directed the amendment of section 17(e)(3) of the “Child Nutrition Act” by adding subpar. (B) and striking out former subpar. (B), was executed to this section, which is section 17 of the Child Nutrition Act of 1966, to reflect the probable intent of Congress. Prior to amendment, subpar. (B) related to sharing nutrition education materials.

Pub. L. 111–296, § 231(5)Subsec. (f)(6)(B). , inserted “and breastfeeding” after “nutrition education” in first sentence.

Pub. L. 111–296, § 441(b)(2)Subsec. (f)(11)(C). , redesignated subpar. (D) as (C) and struck out former subpar. (C). Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “Subject to the availability of funds, the Secretary shall award grants to not more than 10 local sites determined by the Secretary to be geographically and culturally representative of State, local, and Indian agencies, to evaluate the feasibility of including fresh, frozen, or canned fruits and vegetables (to be made available through private funds) as an addition to the supplemental foods prescribed under this section.”

Pub. L. 111–296, § 441(b)(2)(B)Subsec. (f)(11)(D). , redesignated subpar. (D) as (C).

Pub. L. 111–296, § 232, inserted “but not less than every 10 years,” after “scientific knowledge,” in introductory provisions.

Pub. L. 111–296, § 423Subsec. (g)(1)(A). , substituted “each of fiscal years 2010 through 2015” for “each of fiscal years 2004 through 2009”.

Pub. L. 111–296, § 352(a)Subsec. (g)(5). , substituted “$15,000,000” for “$5,000,000”.

Pub. L. 111–296, § 231(6)(A)Subsec. (h)(4). , inserted par. heading, designated existing provisions as subpar. (A) and inserted heading, redesignated subpars. (B) to (F) as cls. (ii) to (vi), respectively, of subpar. (A), substituted “initiative; and” for “2010 initiative.” in cl. (vi), added cls. (vii) to (ix), and added subpars. (B) and (C).

Pub. L. 111–296, § 352(c)(1)Subsec. (h)(8)(A)(iv)(III). , substituted “Except as provided in paragraph (9)(B)(i)(II), any” for “Any”.

Pub. L. 111–296, § 352(b)Subsec. (h)(8)(K). , added subpar. (K).

Pub. L. 111–296, § 352(c)(2)Subsec. (h)(9). , added par. (9) and struck out former par. (9) which read as follows: “For purposes of this subsection, the term ‘cost containment measure’ means a competitive bidding, rebate, direct distribution, or home delivery system implemented by a State agency as described in its approved plan of operation and administration.”

Pub. L. 111–296, § 231(6)(B)Subsec. (h)(10). , added par. (10) and struck out former par. (10) which related to funds for infrastructure, management information systems, and special nutrition education.

Pub. L. 111–296, § 352(d)Subsec. (h)(12). , added par. (12) and struck out former par. (12). Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “The Secretary may not impose, or allow a State agency to impose, the costs of any equipment, system, or processing required for electronic benefit transfers on any retail store authorized to transact food instruments, as a condition for authorization or participation in the program.”

Pub. L. 111–296, § 352(e)Subsec. (h)(13). , added par. (13) and struck out former par. (13). Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “The Secretary shall—

“(A) establish a national universal product code database for use by all State agencies in carrying out the program; and

“(B) make available from appropriated funds such sums as are required for hosting, hardware and software configuration, and support of the database.”

Pub. L. 111–296, § 352(f)Subsec. (i)(8). , added par. (8).

Pub. L. 111–296, § 231(7)Subsec. (j). , substituted “supplemental foods, nutrition education, and breastfeeding support and promotion” for “supplemental foods and nutrition education” in par. (1) and in two places in par. (2).

Pub. L. 111–296, § 424Subsec. (m)(9)(A). , added subpar. (A) and struck out former subpar. (A) which related to authorization of appropriations and mandatory funding.

Pub. L. 111–802009—Subsec. (d)(2)(C), (D). added subpar. (C) and redesignated former subpar. (C) as (D).

Pub. L. 110–246, § 4002(b)(1)(A)2008—Subsec. (c)(1)(A). , (2)(AA), substituted “supplemental nutrition assistance program” for “food stamp program”.

Pub. L. 110–246, § 4002(b)(1)(E)Subsec. (c)(1)(B). , (2)(AA), substituted “supplemental nutrition assistance program benefits” for “food stamps”.

Pub. L. 110–246, § 4002(b)(1)(B)Subsec. (d)(2)(A)(ii)(I). , (E), (2)(AA), substituted “supplemental nutrition assistance program benefits” for “food stamps” and “Food and Nutrition Act of 2008” for “Food Stamp Act of 1977”.

Pub. L. 110–246, § 4002(b)(1)(A)Subsec. (m)(7)(B). , (B), (E), (2)(AA), substituted “supplemental nutrition assistance program” for “food stamp program”, “Food and Nutrition Act of 2008” for “Food Stamp Act of 1977”, and “supplemental nutrition assistance program benefits” for “food stamps”.

Pub. L. 110–246, § 4002(b)(1)(J)Subsec. (n). , (2)(AA), substituted “supplemental nutrition assistance program” for “food stamp program” in heading.

Pub. L. 110–246, § 4002(b)(1)(A)Subsec. (n)(1). , (B), (2)(AA), substituted “supplemental nutrition assistance program” for “food stamp program” and “Food and Nutrition Act of 2008” for “Food Stamp Act of 1977”.

Pub. L. 108–265, § 203(a)(1)2004—Subsec. (b)(7). , added par. (7) and struck out former par. (7) which read as follows: “ ‘Nutrition education’ means individual or group sessions and the provision of materials designed to improve health status that achieve positive change in dietary habits, and emphasize relationships between nutrition and health, all in keeping with the individual’s personal, cultural, and socioeconomic preferences.”

Pub. L. 108–265, § 203(a)(2)Subsec. (b)(14). , inserted “and foods that promote the health of the population served by the program authorized by this section, as indicated by relevant nutrition science, public health concerns, and cultural eating patterns” after “children”.

Pub. L. 108–265, § 203(a)(3)Subsec. (b)(22), (23). , added pars. (22) and (23).

Pub. L. 108–265, § 203(b)(1)Subsec. (d)(3)(A). , inserted par. and subpar. headings, designated existing provisions as cl. (i), inserted heading, substituted “Subject to clause (ii), a person” for “Persons”, and added cl. (ii).

Pub. L. 108–265, § 203(b)(2)(A)Subsec. (d)(3)(C)(ii)(I)(bb). , substituted semicolon for “from a provider other than the local agency; or”.

Pub. L. 108–265, § 203(b)(2)(B)Subsec. (d)(3)(C)(ii)(II)(cc). , substituted “; and” for period at end.

Pub. L. 108–265, § 203(b)(2)(C)Subsec. (d)(3)(C)(ii)(III). , added subcl. (III).

Pub. L. 108–447, § 788(d)Subsec. (f)(1)(C)(i). , struck out period after “subsection (h)(11)”.

Pub. L. 108–265, § 203(e)(10)(B), inserted before semicolon at end “, including a description of the State agency’s vendor peer group system, competitive price criteria, and allowable reimbursement levels that demonstrate that the State is in compliance with the cost-containment provisions in subsection (h)(11).”

Pub. L. 108–265, § 203(c)(1)(A), inserted “at any of the authorized retail stores under the program” after “foods under the program”.

Pub. L. 108–265, § 203(c)(1)(B)Subsec. (f)(1)(C)(ii) to (xi). , (C), added cl. (ii) and redesignated former cls. (ii) to (x) as (iii) to (xi), respectively.

Pub. L. 108–265, § 203(c)(2)(A)Subsec. (f)(11). , inserted par. heading, designated existing provisions as subpars. (A) and (B), inserted headings, and added subpars. (C) and (D).

Pub. L. 108–265, § 203(c)(3)Subsec. (f)(21). , substituted “local agencies, vendors,” for “vendors” in heading and introductory provisions.

Pub. L. 108–265, § 203(c)(4)(A)Subsec. (f)(25). , added par. (25).

Pub. L. 108–265, § 203(c)(5)Subsec. (f)(26). , added par. (26).

Pub. L. 108–265, § 203(d)Subsec. (g). , inserted heading.

Pub. L. 108–265, § 203(d)Subsec. (g)(1). , inserted par. heading, added subpar. (A), designated second sentence as subpar. (B), inserted heading, and struck out first sentence relating to appropriations for fiscal year 1990 and fiscal years 1995 through 2003.

Pub. L. 108–265, § 203(e)(1)Subsec. (h)(2)(A). , substituted “The” for “For each of the fiscal years 1995 through 2003, the” in introductory provisions.

Pub. L. 108–265, § 203(e)(2)Subsec. (h)(4)(F). , added subpar. (F).

Pub. L. 108–265, § 203(e)(7)(B)Subsec. (h)(8)(A)(ii). , substituted “change” for “rise” in introductory provisions.

Pub. L. 108–265, § 203(e)(4)(A)(i)Subsec. (h)(8)(A)(ii)(I). , substituted “primary contract” for “contract brand of”.

Pub. L. 108–265, § 203(e)(4)(A)(ii)Subsec. (h)(8)(A)(iii). , inserted “for a specific infant formula for which manufacturers submit a bid” after “lowest net price”.

Pub. L. 108–265, § 203(e)(3)Subsec. (h)(8)(A)(iv). , added cl. (iv).

Pub. L. 108–265, § 203(e)(4)(A)(iii)Subsec. (h)(8)(A)(v). , added cl. (v).

Pub. L. 108–447, § 788(e)October 1, 2004Subsec. (h)(8)(A)(vi). , substituted “Effective beginning , each State” for “Each State”.

Pub. L. 108–265, § 203(e)(5), added cl. (vi).

Pub. L. 108–265, § 203(e)(6)(A)Subsec. (h)(8)(A)(vii). , added cl. (vii).

Pub. L. 108–265, § 203(e)(7)(A)Subsec. (h)(8)(A)(viii). , added cl. (viii).

Pub. L. 108–265, § 203(e)(8)Subsec. (h)(8)(A)(ix), (x). , added cls. (ix) and (x).

Pub. L. 108–265, § 203(e)(9)Subsec. (h)(10). , added par. (10) and struck out former par. (10), which related to use of certain funds for each of fiscal years 1995 through 2003 for development of infrastructure for the program, special State projects to improve services, and special breastfeeding support and promotion projects.

Pub. L. 108–265, § 203(e)(10)(A)Subsec. (h)(11). , added par. (11) and struck out former par. (11), which required a State agency to consider price levels of retail stores for participation in the program and to establish procedures to ensure that selected stores would not subsequently raise prices to levels that would have made them ineligible for participation.

Pub. L. 108–265, § 203(e)(11)Oct. 31, 1998Subsec. (h)(12). , added par. (12) and struck out former par. (12), which directed the Secretary to establish a long-range plan for the development and implementation of management information systems to be used in carrying out the program, and to submit a report to the Committee on Education and the Workforce of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate not later than 2 years after .

Pub. L. 108–265, § 203(e)(12)Subsec. (h)(13), (14). , (13), added pars. (13) and (14).

Pub. L. 108–265, § 203(f)Subsec. (i)(3)(A)(ii)(I). , substituted “3 percent” for “1 percent”.

Pub. L. 108–265, § 203(g)Subsec. (j)(4), (5). , redesignated par. (5) as (4) and struck out former par. (4), which directed the Secretaries to provide notifications to Congress concerning actions to carry out the initiative and, upon completion of such initiative, an evaluation and a plan to further its goals.

Pub. L. 108–265, § 203(h)(1)Subsec. (m)(1). , inserted “and (at the option of a State) roadside stands” after “farmers’ markets”.

Pub. L. 108–265, § 203(h)(2)Subsec. (m)(3). , substituted “administrative” for “total” in two places.

Pub. L. 108–265, § 203(h)(3)Subsec. (m)(5)(C)(ii). , substituted “$30” for “$20”.

Pub. L. 108–265, § 203(h)(4)Subsec. (m)(9)(A)(i). , added cl. (i) and struck out former cl. (i), which authorized to be appropriated to carry out this subsection $8,000,000 for fiscal year 1994, $10,500,000 for fiscal year 1995, and such sums as might be necessary for each of fiscal years 1996 through 2003.

Pub. L. 108–265, § 203(i)(1)Subsec. (r). , struck out subsec. (r), which provided for demonstration projects relating to use of the WIC program for identification and enrollment of children in certain health programs.

Pub. L. 107–171, § 4306(a)2002—Subsec. (d)(2)(B)(i). , inserted hyphen after “basic allowance” and designated remainder of cl. (i) as subcl. (I), substituted “or” for “and” after semicolon, and added subcl. (II).

Pub. L. 107–171, § 4307(a)Subsec. (m)(9). , inserted par. heading, subpar. (A) heading, and cl. (i) designation and heading and added cl. (ii).

Pub. L. 106–224, § 242(b)(2)(A)2000—Subsec. (b)(4). , substituted “(4) ‘Costs of nutrition services and administration’ or ‘nutrition services and administration’ means” for “(4) ‘Costs for nutrition services and administration’ means”.

Pub. L. 106–224, § 244(a)Subsec. (b)(21). , added par. (21).

Pub. L. 106–224, § 244(b)Subsec. (d)(2)(B). , designated part of existing provisions as cl. (i), substituted “housing” for “quarters”, and added cl. (ii).

Pub. L. 106–472, § 307(b)(1)Subsec. (d)(2)(B)(ii). , substituted “contiguous States of the” for “continental”.

Pub. L. 106–224, § 244(c)Subsec. (d)(3)(F). , added subpar. (F).

Pub. L. 106–224, § 242(b)(2)(B)Subsec. (h)(1)(A). , substituted “costs of nutrition services and administration incurred by State and local agencies” for “costs incurred by State and local agencies for nutrition services and administration”.

Pub. L. 106–224, § 244(d)(1)Subsec. (h)(1)(B)(i). , substituted “the preceding fiscal year” for “the fiscal year 1987”.

Pub. L. 106–224, § 244(d)(2)(A)Subsec. (h)(1)(B)(ii). , substituted “the preceding fiscal year” for “the fiscal year 1987” in introductory provisions.

Pub. L. 106–224, § 244(d)(2)(B)June 30, 1986Subsec. (h)(1)(B)(ii)(I). , added subcl. (I) and struck out former subcl. (I) which read as follows: “the value of the index for State and local government purchases, using the implicit price deflator, as published by the Bureau of Economic Analysis of the Department of Commerce, for the 12-month period ending ; and”.

Pub. L. 106–224, § 244(e)Subsec. (h)(5)(D). , added subpar. (D).

Pub. L. 106–224, § 242(b)(1)Subsec. (r). , added subsec. (r).

Pub. L. 106–472, § 307(b)(2)Subsec. (r)(1). , substituted “not more than 20 local agencies” for “at least 20 local agencies” in introductory provisions.

Pub. L. 106–781999—Subsecs. (d)(2)(A)(i), (g)(1), (p)(2)(A). made technical amendment to references in original act which appear in text as references to sections 1752, 1758, and 1760 of this title.

Pub. L. 106–65Subsec. (q). added subsec. (q).

Pub. L. 105–336, § 203(a)1998—Subsec. (d)(3)(C) to (E). , added subpars. (C) to (E).

Pub. L. 105–336, § 203(b)Subsec. (e)(1). , inserted at end “A local agency participating in the program shall provide education or educational materials relating to the effects of drug and alcohol use by a pregnant, postpartum, or breastfeeding woman on the developing child of the woman.”

Pub. L. 105–336, § 203(c)Subsec. (e)(3). , inserted par. heading, designated existing provisions as subpar. (A) and inserted heading, and added subpar. (B).

Pub. L. 105–336, § 203(d)Subsec. (f)(21). , amended par. (21) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (21) read as follows: “A State agency may use funds recovered as a result of violations in the food delivery system of the program in the year in which the funds are collected for the purpose of carrying out the program.”

Pub. L. 105–336, § 203(e)Subsec. (f)(23). , added par. (23).

Pub. L. 105–336, § 203(f)(1)Subsec. (f)(24). , added par. (24).

Pub. L. 105–336, § 203(g)Subsec. (g)(1). , substituted “2003” for “1998”.

Pub. L. 105–336, § 203(h)Subsec. (h)(1)(C). , inserted subpar. heading, designated existing provisions as cl. (i), inserted heading, substituted “Except as provided in clause (ii), in” for “In”, and added cl. (ii).

Pub. L. 105–336, § 203(i)(1)Subsec. (h)(2)(A). , substituted “2003” for “1998” in introductory provisions.

Pub. L. 105–336, § 203(i)(2)Subsec. (h)(2)(A)(iv). , struck out “, to the extent funds are not already provided under subparagraph (I)(v) for the same purpose,” after “may provide funds”.

Pub. L. 105–336, § 203(i)(3)Subsec. (h)(2)(B)(ii). , substituted “10 percent (except that the Secretary may establish a higher percentage for State agencies that are small)” for “15 percent”.

Pub. L. 105–336, § 203(i)(4)(A)Subsec. (h)(3)(E). , in introductory provisions, substituted “For each fiscal year,” for “In the case of fiscal year 1996 (except as provided in subparagraph (G)) and each subsequent fiscal year,”.

Pub. L. 105–336, § 203(i)(4)(B)Subsec. (h)(3)(F), (G). , struck out subpar. (F) which provided for adjusted payments in lieu of required payments for fiscal year 1995 and subpar. (G) which provided for delay of required payments for fiscal year 1996 and for adjusted payments in lieu of required payments for fiscal year 1996.

Pub. L. 105–336, § 203(i)(5)Subsec. (h)(5)(A). , in introductory provisions, substituted “submits a plan to reduce average food costs per participant and to increase participation above the level estimated for the State agency, the State agency may, with the approval of the Secretary,” for “achieves, through use of acceptable measures, participation that exceeds the participation level estimated for such State agency under paragraph (2)(A)(ii)(I), such State agency may”.

Pub. L. 105–336, § 203(j)Subsec. (h)(8)(A)(iii). , added cl. (iii).

Pub. L. 105–336, § 203(k)Subsec. (h)(10)(A). , (n)(2)(A), substituted “2003” for “1998” and inserted “and supplemental foods funds” after “nutrition services and administration funds”.

Pub. L. 105–336, § 203lSubsec. (h)(11). (), added par. (11).

Pub. L. 105–336, § 203(m)Subsec. (h)(12). , added par. (12).

Pub. L. 105–336, § 203(n)(1)(A)Subsec. (i)(3)(A). , substituted “subparagraph (B)” for “subparagraphs (B) and (C)” in introductory provisions.

Pub. L. 105–336, § 203(n)(1)(B)Subsec. (i)(3)(A)(i), (ii). , added cls. (i) and (ii) and struck out former cls. (i) and (ii) which read as follows:

“(i) not more than 1 percent (except as provided in subparagraph (H)) of the amount of funds allocated to a State agency under this section for supplemental foods for a fiscal year may be expended by the State agency for expenses incurred under this section for supplemental foods during the preceding fiscal year; and

“(ii) not more than 1 percent of the amount of funds allocated to a State agency for a fiscal year under this section may be expended by the State agency during the subsequent fiscal year.”

Pub. L. 105–336, § 203(n)(2)(B)Subsec. (i)(3)(C) to (H). , redesignated subpar. (H) as (C) and struck out former subpars. (C) to (G) which read as follows:

“(C) The total amount of funds transferred from any fiscal year under clauses (i) and (ii) of subparagraph (A) shall not exceed 1 percent of the amount of the funds allocated to a State agency for such fiscal year.

“(D) For State agencies implementing cost containment measures as defined in subsection (h)(9) of this section, not more than 5 percent of the amount of funds allocated under this section to such a State agency for supplemental foods for the fiscal year in which the system is implemented, and not more than 3 percent of the amount of funds allocated to such a State agency for the fiscal year following the fiscal year in which the system is implemented, may be expended by the State agency for expenses incurred under this section for supplemental foods during the succeeding fiscal year.

“(E) Notwithstanding any other provision in this paragraph and paragraph (2) a State agency may, subject to the approval of the Secretary under subparagraph (F), expend not more than 3 percent of the amount of funds allocated to such agency for supplemental foods for the fiscal year 1991 for expenses incurred under this section for supplemental foods during the fiscal year 1990.

“(F) Each State agency which intends to use the authority provided in subparagraph (E) shall request approval from the Secretary in advance and shall submit a plan showing how the State’s caseload will be managed to meet funding limitations. The Secretary shall review and make determinations on such plans on an expedited basis.

“(G) No State can use the authority provided under subparagraph (E) to increase the caseload level above the highest level to date in fiscal year 1990.”

Pub. L. 105–362September 30, 1980Subsec. (k)(4) to (6). redesignated pars. (5) and (6) as (4) and (5), respectively, and struck out former par. (4) which read as follows: “The Council shall make a continuing study of the operation of the program under this section and related programs to determine how the program may be improved. The Council shall submit once every two years to the President and Congress, beginning with the fiscal year ending , a written report, together with its recommendations on such program operations.”

Pub. L. 105–336, § 203oSubsec. (m)(3). ()(1), inserted “program income or” after “satisfied from” in first sentence.

Pub. L. 105–336, § 203oSubsec. (m)(6)(C). ()(2)(A), struck out “serve additional recipients in” after “In providing funds to” in introductory provisions.

Pub. L. 105–336, § 203oSubsec. (m)(6)(C)(ii). ()(2)(B), added cl. (ii) and struck out former cl. (ii) which read as follows: “documentation that justifies the need for an increase in participation; and”.

Pub. L. 105–336, § 203oSubsec. (m)(6)(C)(iii), (iv). ()(2)(C), (D), substituted “; and” for period at end of cl. (iii) and added cl. (iv).

Pub. L. 105–336, § 203oSubsec. (m)(6)(F). ()(3), redesignated subpar. (G) as (F) and struck out former subpar. (F) which listed criteria for Secretary to apply in approving and ranking State plans.

Pub. L. 105–336, § 203oSubsec. (m)(6)(F)(i). ()(4)(A), in first sentence, substituted “whose State plan” for “that wish to serve additional recipients, and whose State plan to do so” and, in second sentence, struck out “for additional recipients” after “approved State plans”.

Pub. L. 105–336, § 203oSubsec. (m)(6)(F)(ii). ()(4)(B), struck out “that desire to serve additional recipients, and” after “need of States” in second sentence.

Pub. L. 105–336, § 203oSubsec. (m)(6)(G). ()(3)(B), redesignated subpar. (G) as (F).

Pub. L. 105–336, § 203oSubsec. (m)(9)(A). ()(5), substituted “2003” for “1998”.

oPub. L. 105–336, § 203(p)(1)oSubsec. (). , added subsec. ().

Pub. L. 105–336, § 203(q)Subsec. (p). , added subsec. (p).

Pub. L. 104–193, § 729(a)(1)1996—Subsec. (b)(15)(B)(iii). , inserted “of not more than 365 days” after “temporary accommodation”.

Pub. L. 104–193, § 729(a)(2)Subsec. (b)(16). , inserted “and” at end of subpar. (A), substituted a period for “; and” at end of subpar. (B), and struck out subpar. (C) which read as follows: “the provision of materials developed by the Secretary under subsection (n) of this section.”

Pub. L. 104–193, § 729(b)Subsec. (c)(5). , struck out par. (5) which read as follows: “The Secretary shall promote the special supplemental nutrition program by producing and distributing materials, including television and radio public service announcements in English and other appropriate languages, that inform potentially eligible individuals of the benefits and services under the program.”

Pub. L. 104–193, § 109(h)June 1, 1995Subsec. (d)(2)(A)(ii)(II). , substituted “State program funded” for “program for aid to families with dependent children established” and inserted before semicolon “that the Secretary determines complies with standards established by the Secretary that ensure that the standards under the State program are comparable to or more restrictive than those in effect on ”.

Pub. L. 104–193, § 729(c)Subsec. (d)(4). , struck out par. (4) which read as follows: “The Secretary shall report biennially to Congress and the National Advisory Council on Maternal, Infant, and Fetal Nutrition established under subsection (k) of this section on—

“(A) the income and nutritional risk characteristics of participants in the program;

“(B) participation in the program by members of families of migrant farmworkers; and

“(C) such other matters relating to participation in the program as the Secretary considers appropriate.”

Pub. L. 104–193, § 729(d)(1)Subsec. (e)(2). , struck out at end “Nutrition education and breastfeeding promotion and support shall be evaluated annually by each State agency, and such evaluation shall include the views of participants concerning the effectiveness of the nutrition education and breastfeeding promotion and support they have received.”

Pub. L. 104–193, § 729(d)(2)Subsec. (e)(4). , struck out “shall” after “State agency” in introductory provisions, struck out subpar. (A), redesignated subpars. (B) and (C) as (A) and (B), respectively, inserted “shall” before “provide” in subpars. (A) and (B), and added subpar. (C). Prior to amendment, subpar. (A) read as follows: “ensure that written information concerning food stamps, the program for aid to families with dependent children under part A of title IV of the Social Security Act, and the child support enforcement program under part D of title IV of the Social Security Act is provided on at least 1 occasion to each adult participant in and each applicant for the program;”.

Pub. L. 104–193, § 729(d)(3)Subsec. (e)(5). , substituted “Each local agency” for “The State agency shall ensure that each local agency”.

Pub. L. 104–193, § 729(d)(4)Subsec. (e)(6). , struck out par. (6) which read as follows: “Each local agency may use a master file to document and monitor the provision of nutrition education services (other than the initial provision of such services) to individuals that are required, under standards prescribed by the Secretary, to be included by the agency in group nutrition education classes.”

Pub. L. 104–193, § 729(e)(1)(A)Subsec. (f)(1)(A). , substituted “to the Secretary, by a date specified by the Secretary, an initial” for “annually to the Secretary, by a date specified by the Secretary, a” and inserted at end “After submitting the initial plan, a State shall be required to submit to the Secretary for approval only a substantive change in the plan.”

Pub. L. 104–193, § 729(e)(1)(B)(i)42 U.S.C. 1396b(m)Subsec. (f)(1)(C)(iii). , added cl. (iii) and struck out former cl. (iii) which read as follows: “a plan to coordinate operations under the program with special counseling services, such as the expanded food and nutrition education program, immunization programs, local programs for breastfeeding promotion, prenatal care, well-child care, family planning, drug abuse education, alcohol and drug abuse counseling and treatment, child abuse counseling, and with the aid to families with dependent children, food stamp, maternal and child health care, and medicaid programs, including medicaid programs that use coordinated care providers under a contract entered into under section 1903(m), or a waiver granted under section 1915(b), of the Social Security Act ( or 1396n(b)) (including coordination through the referral of potentially eligible women, infants, and children between the program authorized under this section and the medicaid program);”.

Pub. L. 104–193, § 729(e)(1)(B)(ii)Subsec. (f)(1)(C)(vi). , inserted “(including a plan to improve access to the program for participants and prospective applicants who are employed, or who reside in rural areas)” after “in the State”.

Pub. L. 104–193, § 729(e)(1)(B)(iii)Subsec. (f)(1)(C)(vii). , substituted “for reaching and enrolling” for “to provide program benefits under this section to eligible individuals most in need of the benefits and to provide eligible individuals not participating in the program with information on the program, the eligibility criteria for the program, and how to apply for the program, with emphasis on reaching and enrolling”.

Pub. L. 104–193, § 729(e)(1)(B)(vii)Subsec. (f)(1)(C)(ix). , inserted “and” at end.

Pub. L. 104–193, § 729(e)(1)(B)(iv), (vi), redesignated cl. (xi) as (ix) and struck out former cl. (ix) which read as follows: “if the State agency chooses to provide program benefits under this section to some or all eligible individuals who are incarcerated in prisons or juvenile detention facilities that do not receive Federal assistance under any program specifically established to assist pregnant women regarding their nutrition and health needs, a plan for the provision of such benefits to, and to meet the special nutrition education needs of, such individuals, which may include—

“(I) providing supplemental foods to such individuals that are different from those provided to other participants in the program under this section;

“(II) providing such foods to such individuals in a different manner than to other participants in the program under this section in order to meet the special needs of such individuals; and

“(III) the development of nutrition education materials appropriate for the special needs of such individuals;”.

Pub. L. 104–193, § 729(e)(1)(B)(iv)Subsec. (f)(1)(C)(x). , (vi), redesignated cl. (xiii) as (x) and struck out former cl. (x) which read as follows: “a plan to improve access to the program for participants and prospective applicants who are employed, or who reside in rural areas, by addressing their special needs through the adoption or revision of procedures and practices to minimize the time participants and applicants must spend away from work and the distances that participants and applicants must travel, including appointment scheduling, adjustment of clinic hours, clinic locations, or mailing of multiple vouchers;”.

Pub. L. 104–193, § 729(e)(1)(B)(vi)Subsec. (f)(1)(C)(xi). , redesignated cl. (xi) as (ix).

Pub. L. 104–193, § 729(e)(1)(B)(iv)Subsec. (f)(1)(C)(xii). , struck out cl. (xii) which read as follows: “if the State agency chooses to request the funds conversion authority established in clause (h)(5) of this section, an estimate of the increased participation which will result from its cost-saving initiative, including an explanation of how the estimate was developed; and”.

Pub. L. 104–193, § 729(e)(1)(B)(vi)Subsec. (f)(1)(C)(xiii). , redesignated cl. (xiii) as (x).

Pub. L. 104–193, § 729(e)(1)(B)(v), substituted “may reasonably require” for “may require”.

Pub. L. 104–193, § 729(e)(1)(C)Subsec. (f)(1)(D), (E). , (D), redesignated subpar. (E) as (D) and struck out former subpar. (D) which read as follows: “The Secretary may permit a State agency to submit only those parts of a plan that differ from plans submitted for previous fiscal years.”

Pub. L. 104–193, § 729(e)(3)Subsec. (f)(5). , substituted “be available at any reasonable time” for “at all times be available” in second sentence.

Pub. L. 104–193, § 729(e)(2)Subsec. (f)(6). , (10), redesignated par. (7) as (6) and struck out former par. (6) which read as follows: “The State agency, upon receipt of a completed application from a local agency for participation in the program (and the Secretary, upon receipt of a completed application from a State agency), shall notify the applicant agency in writing within thirty days of the approval or disapproval of the application, and any disapproval shall be accompanied with a statement of the reasons for such disapproval. Within fifteen days after receipt of an incomplete application, the State agency (or the Secretary) shall notify the applicant agency of the additional information needed to complete the application.”

Pub. L. 104–193, § 729(e)(10)Subsec. (f)(7), (8). , redesignated pars. (8) and (9) as (7) and (8), respectively. Former par. (7) redesignated (6).

Pub. L. 104–193, § 729(e)(10)Subsec. (f)(9). , redesignated par. (10) as (9). Former par. (9) redesignated (8).

Pub. L. 104–193, § 729(e)(4)Subsec. (f)(9)(B). , struck out at end “Such notice shall include, in addition to other information required by the Secretary, the categories of participants whose benefits are being suspended or terminated due to such shortage.”

Pub. L. 104–193, § 729(e)(10)Subsec. (f)(10). , redesignated par. (11) as (10). Former par. (10) redesignated (9).

Pub. L. 104–193, § 729(e)(10)Subsec. (f)(11). , redesignated par. (12) as (11). Former par. (11) redesignated (10).

Pub. L. 104–193, § 729(e)(5), struck out “, including standards that will ensure sufficient State agency staff” after “program” in first sentence.

Pub. L. 104–193, § 729(e)(10)Subsec. (f)(12). , redesignated par. (13) as (12). Former par. (12) redesignated (11).

Pub. L. 104–193, § 729(e)(6), struck out at end “Products specifically designed for pregnant, postpartum, and breastfeeding women, or infants shall be available at the discretion of the Secretary if the products are commercially available or are justified to and approved by the Secretary based on clinical tests performed in accordance with standards prescribed by the Secretary.”

Pub. L. 104–193, § 729(e)(10)Subsec. (f)(13). , redesignated par. (14) as (13). Former par. (13) redesignated (12).

Pub. L. 104–193, § 729(e)(10)Subsec. (f)(14). , redesignated par. (15) as (14). Former par. (14) redesignated (13).

Pub. L. 104–193, § 729(e)(7), substituted “State agency may” for “State agency shall”.

Pub. L. 104–193, § 729(e)(10)Subsec. (f)(15), (16). , redesignated pars. (16) and (17) as (15) and (16), respectively. Former par. (15) redesignated (14).

Pub. L. 104–193, § 729(e)(10)Subsec. (f)(17). , redesignated par. (18) as (17). Former par. (17) redesignated (16).

Pub. L. 104–193, § 729(e)(8), struck out “and to accommodate the special needs and problems of individuals who are incarcerated in prisons or juvenile detention facilities” before period at end.

Pub. L. 104–193, § 729(e)(10)Subsec. (f)(18). , redesignated par. (19) as (18). Former par. (18) redesignated (17).

Pub. L. 104–193, § 729(e)(10)Subsec. (f)(19). , redesignated par. (20) as (19). Former par. (19) redesignated (18).

Pub. L. 104–193, § 729(e)(9), substituted “may provide information” for “shall provide information”.

Pub. L. 104–193, § 729(e)(10)Subsec. (f)(20), (21). , redesignated pars. (23) and (21) as (21) and (20), respectively. Former par. (20) redesignated (19).

Pub. L. 104–193, § 729(e)(10)Subsec. (f)(22). , redesignated par. (24) as (22).

Pub. L. 104–193, § 729(e)(2), struck out par. (22) which read as follows: “In the State plan submitted to the Secretary for fiscal year 1994, each State agency shall advise the Secretary regarding the procedures to be used by the State agency to reduce the purchase of low-iron infant formula for infants on the program for whom such formula has not been prescribed by a physician or other appropriate health professional, as determined by regulations issued by the Secretary.”

Pub. L. 104–193, § 729(e)(10)Subsec. (f)(23), (24). , redesignated pars. (23) and (24) as (21) and (22), respectively.

Pub. L. 104–193, § 729(f)(1)Subsec. (g)(5). , substituted “reports on program participant characteristics” for “the report required under subsection (d)(4) of this section”.

Pub. L. 104–193, § 729(f)(2)Subsec. (g)(6). , struck out par. (6) which read as follows: “Upon the completion of the 1990 decennial census, the Secretary, in coordination with the Secretary of Commerce, shall make available an estimate, by State and county (or equivalent political subdivision) of the number of women, infants, and children who are members of families that have incomes below the maximum income limit for participation in the program under this section.”

Pub. L. 104–193, § 729(g)(1)(A)Subsec. (h)(4)(E). , struck out “and, on development of the uniform requirements, require each State agency to report the data for inclusion in the report to Congress described in subsection (d)(4) of this section” before period at end.

Pub. L. 104–193, § 729(g)(1)(B)(i)August 30, 1989Subsec. (h)(8)(A). , (iv), redesignated subpar. (B) as (A) and struck out former subpar. (A) which read as follows: “No State may receive its allocation under this subsection unless on or before (or a subsequent date established by the Secretary for any State) such State has—

“(i) examined the feasibility of implementing cost containment measures with respect to procurement of infant formula, and, where practicable, other foods necessary to carry out the program under this section; and

“(ii) initiated action to implement such measures unless the State demonstrates, to the satisfaction of the Secretary, that such measures would not lower costs or would interfere with the delivery of formula or foods to participants in the program.”

Pub. L. 104–193, § 729(g)(1)(B)(v)Subsec. (h)(8)(A)(i). , in introductory provisions substituted “subparagraphs (B) and (C)(iii),” for “subparagraphs (C), (D), and (E)(iii), in carrying out subparagraph (A),”.

Pub. L. 104–193, § 729(g)(1)(B)(iv)Subsec. (h)(8)(B). , redesignated subpar. (D) as (B). Former subpar. (B) redesignated (A).

Pub. L. 104–193, § 729(g)(1)(B)(vi)Subsec. (h)(8)(B)(i). , substituted “subparagraph (A)” for “subparagraph (B)” in two places.

Pub. L. 104–193, § 729(g)(1)(B)(i)November 10, 1989November 10, 1989November 10, 1989November 10, 1989Subsec. (h)(8)(C). , (iv), redesignated subpar. (E) as (C) and struck out former subpar. (C) which read as follows: “In the case of any State that has a contract in effect on , subparagraph (B) shall not apply to the program operated by such State under this section until the term of such contract, as such term is specified by the contract as in effect on , expires. In the case of any State that has more than 1 such contract in effect on , subparagraph (B) shall not apply until the term of the contract with the latest expiration date, as such term is specified by such contract as in effect on , expires.”

Pub. L. 104–193, § 729(g)(1)(B)(vii)Subsec. (h)(8)(C)(iii). , substituted “subparagraph (A)” for “subparagraph (B)”.

Pub. L. 104–193, § 729(g)(1)(B)(iv)Subsec. (h)(8)(D) to (F). , redesignated subpars. (F) to (H) as (D) to (F). Former subpars. (D) and (E) redesignated (B) and (C), respectively.

Pub. L. 104–193, § 729(g)(1)(B)(iv)Subsec. (h)(8)(G). , redesignated subpar. (I) as (G). Former subpar. (G) redesignated (E).

Pub. L. 104–193, § 729(g)(1)(B)(ii), designated cl. (i) as subpar. (G) and struck out cls. (ii) to (ix) which related to procedures for soliciting bids on behalf of State agencies regarding cost-containment contracts to be entered into by infant formula and cereal manufacturers and State agencies.

Pub. L. 104–193, § 729(g)(1)(B)(iv)Subsec. (h)(8)(H). , redesignated subpar. (J) as (H). Former subpar. (H) redesignated (F).

Pub. L. 104–193, § 729(g)(1)(B)(iv)Subsec. (h)(8)(I). , redesignated subpar. (K) as (I). Former subpar. (I) redesignated (G).

Pub. L. 104–193, § 729(g)(1)(B)(iii), substituted “Secretary may” for “Secretary—

“(i) shall promote, but not require, the joint purchase of infant formula among State agencies electing not to participate under the procedures set forth in subparagraph (G);

“(ii) shall encourage and promote (but not require) the purchase of supplemental foods other than infant formula under cost containment procedures;

“(iii) shall inform State agencies of the benefits of cost containment and provide assistance and technical advice at State agency request regarding the State agency’s use of cost containment procedures;

“(iv) shall encourage (but not require) the joint purchase of supplemental foods other than infant formula under procedures specified in subparagraph (B), if the Secretary determines that—

“(I) the anticipated savings are expected to be significant;

“(II) the administrative expenses involved in purchasing the food item through competitive bidding procedures, whether under a rebate or discount system, will not exceed the savings anticipated to be generated by the procedures; and

“(III) the procedures would be consistent with the purposes of the program; and

“(v) may”.

Pub. L. 104–193, § 729(g)(1)(B)(iv)Subsec. (h)(8)(J) to (L). , redesignated subpars. (J) to (L) as (H) to (J), respectively.

Pub. L. 104–193, § 729(g)(1)(B)(i)Subsec. (h)(8)(M). , struck out subpar. (M) which read as follows:

“(M)(i) The Secretary shall establish pilot projects in at least 1 State, with the consent of the State, to determine the feasibility and cost of requiring States to carry out a system for using universal product codes to assist retail food stores that are vendors under the program in providing the type of infant formula that the participants in the program are authorized to obtain. In carrying out the projects, the Secretary shall determine whether the system reduces the incidence of incorrect redemptions of low-iron formula or brands of infant formula not authorized to be redeemed through the program, or both.

“(ii) The Secretary shall provide a notification to the Committee on Education and Labor of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate regarding whether the system is feasible, is cost-effective, reduces the incidence of incorrect redemptions described in clause (i), and results in any additional costs to States.

“(iii) The system shall not require a vendor under the program to obtain special equipment and shall not be applicable to a vendor that does not have equipment that can use universal product codes.”

Pub. L. 104–193, § 729(h)Subsec. (k)(3). , substituted “Council shall elect” for “Secretary shall designate”.

Pub. L. 104–193, § 729(i)Subsec. (n). , (j), added heading and text of subsec. (n) and struck out former subsec. (n) which related to study of methods of drug abuse education instruction.

oPub. L. 104–193, § 729(i)oSubsecs. (), (p). , struck out subsecs. () and (p) which related, respectively, to demonstration program for establishment of clinics at community colleges offering nursing education programs and grants for improvement and updating of information and data systems.

Pub. L. 104–661995—Subsec. (m)(9) to (11). redesignated pars. (10) and (11) as (9) and (10), respectively, and struck out former par. (9) which read as follows:

“(9)(A) The Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Education and Labor and the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a compilation of the information collected under paragraph (8).

April 1, 1994“(B) The compilation required by subparagraph (A) shall be submitted on or before .”

Pub. L. 103–448, § 204(w)(1)(A)1994—, substituted “Special supplemental nutrition program for women, infants, and children” for “Special supplemental food program” in section catchline.

Pub. L. 103–448, § 204(a)(2)Subsec. (b)(8)(D). , added subpar. (D). Former subpar. (D) redesignated (E).

Pub. L. 103–448, § 204(a)(1)Subsec. (b)(8)(E). , (3), redesignated subpar. (D) as (E) and substituted “homelessness and migrancy” for “alcoholism and drug addiction, homelessness, and migrancy”.

Pub. L. 103–448, § 204(w)(1)(B)Subsec. (c)(1). , substituted “special supplemental nutrition program” for “special supplemental food program” in first sentence.

Pub. L. 103–448, § 204(b)Subsec. (c)(5). , added par. (5).

Pub. L. 103–448, § 204(c)(1)Subsec. (d)(2)(C). , added subpar. (C).

Pub. L. 103–448, § 204(c)(2)Subsec. (d)(3). , designated existing provisions as subpar. (A) and added subpar. (B).

Pub. L. 103–448, § 204(t)(1)Subsec. (d)(4). , inserted “and the National Advisory Council on Maternal, Infant, and Fetal Nutrition established under subsection (k) of this section” after “Congress” in introductory provisions.

Pub. L. 103–448, § 204(d)Subsec. (e)(3) to (6). , redesignated par. (3) relating to State agency providing information and materials as par. (4) and former pars. (4) and (5) as (5) and (6), respectively.

Pub. L. 103–448, § 204(e)42 U.S.C. 1396b(m)Subsec. (f)(1)(C)(iii). , inserted before semicolon at end “, including medicaid programs that use coordinated care providers under a contract entered into under section 1903(m), or a waiver granted under section 1915(b), of the Social Security Act ( or 1396n(b)) (including coordination through the referral of potentially eligible women, infants, and children between the program authorized under this section and the medicaid program)”.

Pub. L. 103–448, § 204(f)Subsec. (f)(3). , inserted before period at end “and shall ensure that local programs provide priority consideration to serving migrant participants who are residing in the State for a limited period of time”.

Pub. L. 103–448, § 204(g)Subsec. (f)(18). , amended par. (18) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (18) read as follows:

“(18)(A) Except as provided in subparagraph (B), a State agency may implement income eligibility guidelines under this section at the time the State implements income eligibility guidelines under the medicaid program.

“(B) Income eligibility guidelines under this section shall be implemented not later than July 1 of each year.”

Pub. L. 103–448, § 204(h)Subsec. (f)(23), (24). , (i), added pars. (23) and (24).

Pub. L. 103–448, § 204(j)(1)Subsec. (g). , (k), in par. (1) substituted “fiscal years 1995 through 1998” for “fiscal years 1991, 1992, 1993, and 1994” and in par. (5) struck out “and” before “administration” and inserted before period at end “, and carrying out technical assistance and research evaluation projects of the programs under this section”.

Pub. L. 103–448, § 204(j)(2)Subsec. (h)(2)(A). , substituted “fiscal years 1995 through 1998” for “fiscal years 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993 and 1994”.

Pub. L. 103–448, § 204lSubsec. (h)(3). (), substituted “except as otherwise provided in subparagraphs (F) and (G), an amount” for “an amount” and “the national minimum breastfeeding promotion expenditure, as described in subparagraph (E)” for “$8,000,000” in subpar. (A)(i)(II) and added subpars. (E) to (G).

Pub. L. 103–448, § 204(m)Subsec. (h)(4)(E). , added subpar. (E).

Pub. L. 103–448, § 204(n)oSubsec. (h)(8). , ()(1), (p), (q), substituted “on a timely basis” for “at 6-month intervals” in subpar. (D)(iii) and added subpars. (G)(ix), (L), and (M).

Pub. L. 103–448, § 204(r)Subsec. (h)(10). , added par. (10).

Pub. L. 103–448, § 204(s)Subsec. (i)(3). , inserted “(except as provided in subparagraph (H))” after “1 percent” in subpar. (A)(i) and added subpar. (H).

Pub. L. 103–448, § 204(t)(2)Subsec. (j). , (u), added subsec. (j) and struck out former subsec. (j) which read as follows: “By October 1 of every other year, the Secretary shall prepare a report describing plans to ensure that, to the maximum extent feasible, eligible members of migrant populations continue to participate in the program as such persons move among States. The report shall be made available to the National Advisory Council on Maternal, Infant, and Fetal Nutrition.”

Pub. L. 103–448, § 204(w)(1)(C)Subsec. (k)(1). , substituted “special supplemental nutrition program” for “special supplemental food program” in two places.

Pub. L. 103–448, § 204(v)(1)Subsec. (m)(3). , inserted at end “The Secretary may negotiate with an Indian State agency a lower percentage of matching funds than is required under the preceding sentence, but not lower than 10 percent of the total cost of the program, if the Indian State agency demonstrates to the Secretary financial hardship for the affected Indian tribe, band, group, or council.”

Pub. L. 103–448, § 204(v)(2)(A)Subsec. (m)(5)(F)(i). , substituted “17 percent” for “15 percent”.

Pub. L. 103–448, § 204(v)(2)(B)Subsec. (m)(5)(F)(ii). , added cl. (ii) and struck out former cl. (ii) which read as follows: “During the first fiscal year for which a State receives assistance under this subsection, the Secretary shall permit the State to use 2 percent of the total program funds for administration of the program in addition to the amount the State is permitted to use under clause (i). During any fiscal year other than the first fiscal year for which a State receives assistance under this subsection, upon the showing by the State of financial need, the Secretary may permit the State to use not more than 2 percent of the total program funds for administration of the program in addition to the amount the State is permitted to use under clause (i).”

Pub. L. 103–448, § 204(v)(2)(C)Subsec. (m)(5)(F)(iii). , struck out “for the administration of the program” after “use of program funds”.

Pub. L. 103–448, § 204(v)(3)October 1, 1991Subsec. (m)(6)(A). , amended subpar. (A) generally. Prior to amendment, subpar. (A) read as follows: “Each State that received assistance under the demonstration program authorized by this subsection in a fiscal year ending before , shall receive assistance under this subsection if the State complies with the requirements established by this subsection, as determined by the Secretary.”

Pub. L. 103–448, § 204(v)(4)Subsec. (m)(6)(B)(ii). , substituted “$75,000” for “$50,000” in two places.

Pub. L. 103–448, § 204(v)(5)Subsec. (m)(6)(D)(i). , substituted “by November 15 of each year” for “at such time and in such manner as the Secretary may reasonably require”.

Pub. L. 103–448, § 204(v)(6)Subsec. (m)(6)(G). , substituted “75 percent” for “45 to 55 percent” in cl. (i) and “25 percent” for “45 to 55 percent” in cl. (ii).

Pub. L. 103–448, § 204(v)(7)Subsec. (m)(8)(D), (E). , added subpars. (D) and (E) and struck out former subpars. (D) and (E) which read as follows:

“(D) when practicable, the impact on the nutritional status of recipients by determining the change in consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables by recipients;

“(E) the effects of the program on the use of farmers’ markets and the marketing of agricultural products at such markets and when practicable, the effects of the program on recipients’ awareness regarding farmers’ markets; and”.

Pub. L. 103–448, § 204(v)(8)Subsec. (m)(10)(A). , struck out “$3,000,000 for fiscal year 1992, $6,500,000 for fiscal year 1993, and” after “to carry out this subsection” and inserted before period at end “, $10,500,000 for fiscal year 1995, and such sums as may be necessary for each of fiscal years 1996 through 1998”.

Pub. L. 103–448, § 204(v)(9)September 30, 1991Subsec. (m)(10)(B). , (10), substituted “Each” for “Except as provided in subclause (II), each” in cl. (i)(I), struck out “or may be retained by the State to reimburse expenses expected to be incurred for such a program during the succeeding fiscal year” before period at end of cl. (i)(II), and struck out “Funds that remain unexpended at the end of any demonstration project authorized by this subsection (as it existed on ) shall be reallocated in a similar manner.” at end of cl. (ii).

Pub. L. 103–448, § 204(v)(11)Subsec. (m)(11)(D). , inserted before period at end “and any other agency approved by the chief executive officer of the State”.

oPub. L. 103–448, § 204(w)(1)(D)Subsec. ()(1)(B). , substituted “special supplemental nutrition program” for “special supplemental food program”.

Pub. L. 102–3421992—Subsec. (b)(8)(D). inserted before period at end “, homelessness, and migrancy”.

Pub. L. 102–512, § 203Subsec. (b)(17) to (20). , added pars. (17) to (20) and struck out former par. (17) which read as follows: “ ‘Competitive bidding’ means a procurement process under which the State agency selects the single source offering the lowest price, as determined by the submission of sealed bids, for the product for which bids are sought.”

Pub. L. 102–512, § 205Subsec. (f)(22). , added par. (22).

Pub. L. 102–512, § 206Subsec. (h)(2)(A). , struck out “shall” after “Such formula”, inserted “shall” after cl. designation in cls. (i) to (iii), and added cl. (iv).

Pub. L. 102–512, § 207Subsec. (h)(8)(E)(ii). , struck out “that do not have large caseloads and” after “State agencies”.

Pub. L. 102–512, § 204November 10, 1989Subsec. (h)(8)(G) to (K). , added subpars. (G) to (K) and struck out former subpar. (G) which read as follows: “Not later than the expiration of the 120-day period beginning on , the Secretary shall prescribe regulations to carry out this paragraph. Such regulations shall address issues involved in comparing savings from different cost containment measures, as provided under subparagraph (B).”

Pub. L. 102–314Subsec. (m). amended subsec. (m) generally, substituting provisions relating to farmers’ market nutrition program to benefit women, infants, and children nutritionally at risk for provisions relating to farmers’ market food coupons demonstration project.

Pub. L. 101–3301990—Subsec. (i)(3)(E) to (G). added subpars. (E) to (G).

Pub. L. 101–147, § 123(a)(1)1989—Subsec. (b)(17). , added par. (17).

Pub. L. 101–147, § 326(b)(1)Subsec. (c)(3). , substituted “section 4 of the Agriculture and Consumer Protection Act of 1973” for “section 1304 of the Food and Agriculture Act of 1977”.

Pub. L. 101–147, § 326(a)(1)Pub. L. 99–591, § 342(a)Pub. L. 99–661, § 4302(a)Pub. L. 99–661Subsec. (c)(4). , amended par. (4), as added by , and , to read as if the addition by had not been enacted, resulting in no change in text, see 1986 Amendment note below.

Pub. L. 101–147, § 123(a)(2)section 1758 of this titleSubsec. (d)(2). , amended par. (2) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (2) read as follows: “The Secretary shall establish income eligibility standards to be used in conjunction with the nutritional risk criteria in determining eligibility of persons for participation in the program. Persons at nutritional risk shall be eligible for the program only if they are members of families that satisfy the income standards prescribed for free and reduced-price school meals under .”

Pub. L. 101–147, § 326(b)(2)Subsec. (d)(4). , realigned margins of par. (4) and subpars. (A) to (C).

Pub. L. 101–147, § 326(a)(2)Pub. L. 99–591, § 343(a)Pub. L. 99–661, § 4303(a)Pub. L. 99–661, amended par. (4), as added by , and , to read as if the addition by had not been enacted, resulting in no change in text, see 1986 Amendment note below.

Pub. L. 101–147, § 123(a)(3)(A)Subsec. (e)(1). , struck out at end “The Secretary shall prescribe standards to ensure that adequate nutrition education services are provided. The State agency shall provide training to persons providing nutrition education under this section. Nutrition education shall be evaluated annually by each State agency, and such evaluation shall include the views of participants concerning the effectiveness of the nutrition education they have received.”

Pub. L. 101–147, § 123(a)(3)(B)Subsec. (e)(2). , (C), added par. (2). Former par. (2) redesignated (3).

Pub. L. 101–147, § 123(a)(3)(D)Subsec. (e)(3). , added par. (3) relating to State agency providing information and materials.

Pub. L. 101–147, § 123(a)(3)(B), redesignated former par. (2), relating to Secretary issuing materials, as (3).

Pub. L. 101–147, § 123(a)(3)(D)Subsec. (e)(4). , added par. (4).

Pub. L. 101–147, § 213(a)(1)Subsec. (e)(5). , added par. (5).

Pub. L. 101–147, § 123(a)(4)(A)(i)Subsec. (f)(1)(C)(iii). , inserted “local programs for breastfeeding promotion,” after “immunization programs,” and “and treatment” after “alcohol and drug abuse counseling”.

Pub. L. 101–147, § 123(a)(4)(A)(ii)Subsec. (f)(1)(C)(vii). , amended cl. (vii) generally. Prior to amendment, cl. (vii) read as follows: “a plan to provide program benefits under this section to eligible persons most in need of the benefits and to enroll eligible women in the early months of pregnancy, to the maximum extent practicable;”.

Pub. L. 101–147, § 123(a)(4)(A)(iii)Subsec. (f)(1)(C)(viii) to (xiii). , (iv), added cls. (viii) to (xi) and redesignated former cls. (viii) and (ix) as (xii) and (xiii), respectively.

Pub. L. 101–147, § 213(a)(2)(A)Subsec. (f)(7). , designated existing provisions as subpar. (A) and added subpar. (B).

Pub. L. 101–147, § 326(b)(3)(A)Subsec. (f)(8)(A), (C). , substituted “individuals” for “persons”.

Pub. L. 101–147, § 123(a)(4)(B)Subsec. (f)(8)(D). , added subpar. (D).

Pub. L. 101–147, § 123(a)(4)(C)Subsec. (f)(9). , designated existing provisions as subpar. (A) and added subpar. (B).

Pub. L. 101–147, § 326(b)(3)(B)Subsec. (f)(10). , substituted “an individual” for “a person”, “individual’s” for “person’s”, and “the individual” for “the person”.

Pub. L. 101–147, § 123(a)(4)(D)Subsec. (f)(14)(A). , inserted “, breastfeeding promotion,” after “nutrition education”.

Pub. L. 101–147Subsec. (f)(17). , §§ 123(a)(4)(E), 326(b)(3)(C), realigned margin of par. (17) and inserted before period at end “and to accommodate the special needs and problems of individuals who are incarcerated in prisons or juvenile detention facilities”.

Pub. L. 101–147, § 123(a)(4)(F)Subsec. (f)(18) to (20). , added pars. (18) to (20).

Pub. L. 101–147, § 213(a)(2)(B)Subsec. (f)(21). , added par. (21).

Pub. L. 101–147, § 123(a)(5)(A)September 30, 1986September 30, 1987September 30, 1988September 30, 1989Subsec. (g)(1). , amended par. (1) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (1) read as follows: “There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section $1,570,000,000 for the fiscal year ending , and such sums as may be necessary for each of the fiscal years ending , , and .”

Pub. L. 101–147, § 123(a)(5)(B)Subsec. (g)(2), (3). , (C), added pars. (2) and (3). Former pars. (2) and (3) redesignated (4) and (5), respectively.

Pub. L. 101–147, § 123(a)(5)(B)Subsec. (g)(4). , redesignated former par. (2) as (4).

Pub. L. 101–147, § 123(a)(5)(D)Subsec. (g)(5). , substituted “$5,000,000” for “$3,000,000”.

Pub. L. 101–147, § 123(a)(5)(B), redesignated former par. (3) as (5).

Pub. L. 101–147, § 123(a)(5)(E)Subsec. (g)(6). , added par. (6).

Pub. L. 101–147, § 123(a)(6)Subsec. (h). , amended subsec. (h) generally, substituting provisions regarding the establishment and administration of national average participant grants for purposes of funding nutrition services and administration and provisions on breastfeeding promotion and procurement of infant formula, for provisions limiting funding for nutrition services and administration to 20% of the total funding for the section, providing a formula for distributing funds to States and setting forth various administrative duties.

Pub. L. 101–147, § 123(a)(7)(A)Subsec. (i)(1). , substituted “amounts made available for food benefits under subsection (h)(1)(C)” for “funds provided in accordance with this section”.

Pub. L. 101–147, § 123(a)(7)(B)Subsec. (i)(3)(D). , substituted “cost containment measures as defined in subsection (h)(9)” for “approved cost-savings strategies as identified in subsection (h)(5)(A)” and “not more than 3 percent” for “at the discretion of the Secretary, up to 5 percent”.

Pub. L. 101–147, § 123(a)(7)(C)Subsec. (i)(7). , added par. (7).

Pub. L. 101–147, § 123(a)(8)Subsec. (j). , substituted “every other year” for “each year”.

Pub. L. 101–147, § 123(a)(9)Subsec. (k)(1). , substituted “24” for “twenty-three” and inserted “1 member shall be an expert in the promotion of breast feeding;” after “the Secretary;”.

Pub. L. 101–147, § 326(b)(4)(A)7 U.S.C. 2011Subsec. (m)(7)(B). , struck out “( et seq.)” after “Food Stamp Act of 1977”.

Pub. L. 101–147, § 326(b)(4)(B)Subsec. (m)(11)(A). , substituted “individual” for “person”.

Pub. L. 101–147, § 326(b)(5)November 18, 1988Subsec. (n)(1). , substituted “the date of enactment of the Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1988” for “the date of enactment of this Act” in the original, which for purposes of codification was translated as “”, resulting in no change in text.

oPub. L. 101–147, § 123(a)(10)oSubsecs. (), (p). , added subsecs. () and (p).

Pub. L. 100–690, § 3201(1)1988—Subsec. (a). , substituted “health problems, including drug abuse,” for “health problems”.

Pub. L. 100–435, § 212(a)Subsec. (b)(15). , added par. (15).

Pub. L. 100–690, § 3201(2)Subsec. (b)(16). , added par. (16).

Pub. L. 100–435, § 212(b)Subsec. (c)(1). , amended last sentence generally, designating existing provisions as cls. (A) and (B) and adding cl. (C).

Pub. L. 100–690, § 3201(3)Subsec. (e)(1). , substituted “nutrition education and drug abuse education” for “nutrition education” in first and second sentences.

Pub. L. 100–690, § 3201(4)(A)Subsec. (f)(1)(C)(iii). , inserted “drug abuse education,” after “family planning,”.

Pub. L. 100–237, § 9, substituted “maternal and child health care, and medicaid programs” for “and maternal and child health care programs”.

Pub. L. 100–435, § 212(c)(1)Subsec. (f)(1)(C)(iv). , substituted “migrants, homeless individuals,” for “migrants”.

Pub. L. 100–237, § 8(b)Subsec. (f)(1)(C)(vii) to (ix). , struck out “and” at end of cl. (vii), added cl. (viii), and redesignated former cl. (viii) as (ix).

Pub. L. 100–435, § 212(c)(2)Subsec. (f)(8)(A). , inserted “organizations and agencies serving homeless individuals and shelters for victims of domestic violence,” after “Indian tribal organizations,”.

Pub. L. 100–435, § 212(c)(3)Subsec. (f)(13). , inserted “, and, in the case of homeless individuals, the special needs and problems of such individuals” before period at end.

Pub. L. 100–690, § 3201(4)(B)Subsec. (f)(14)(A). , inserted “and drug abuse education” after “education”.

Pub. L. 100–237, § 11Subsec. (f)(16). , added par. (16).

Pub. L. 100–435, § 212(c)(4)Subsec. (f)(17). , added par. (17).

Pub. L. 100–237, § 8(a)Subsec. (h)(5). , added par. (5).

Pub. L. 100–356, § 3(a)Subsec. (h)(5)(D), (E). , added subpars. (D) and (E).

Pub. L. 100–237, § 12(1)Subsec. (i)(3)(A). , inserted “and subject to subparagraphs (B) and (C)” after “paragraph (2)”, and substituted “and” for “or” at end of cl. (i).

Pub. L. 100–237, § 12(2)Subsec. (i)(3)(C). , added subpar. (C).

Pub. L. 100–356, § 3(b)Subsec. (i)(3)(D). , added subpar. (D).

Pub. L. 100–690, § 3201(5)(A)Subsec. (k)(1). , (B), increased membership of Council to twenty-three from twenty-one members and included experts in drug abuse education and prevention and alcohol abuse education and prevention.

Pub. L. 100–435, § 501(b)Subsec. (m). , added subsec. (m).

Pub. L. 100–690, § 3201(6)Subsec. (n). , added subsec. (n).

Pub. L. 100–71September 30, 1986September 30, 1988September 30, 1989September 30, 1988September 30, 19891987—Subsec. (g)(1). inserted “and” after “,” and substituted “, and ” for “and , and $1,782,000,000 for the fiscal year ending ”.

Pub. L. 99–500Pub. L. 99–591, § 341(a)Pub. L. 99–661, § 4301(a)1986—Subsec. (b)(1) to (4). and , and , amended subsec. (b) identically, redesignating pars. (2) to (4) as (1) to (3), respectively, adding par. (4), and striking out former par. (1) which defined “Administrative costs”.

Pub. L. 99–500Pub. L. 99–591, § 372(b)(1)Pub. L. 99–661, § 4502(b)(1)Subsec. (b)(6), (13). and , and , amended pars. (6) and (13) identically, substituting “Health and Human Services” for “Health, Education, and Welfare”.

Pub. L. 99–500Pub. L. 99–591, § 314(1)Pub. L. 99–661, § 4104(1)September 30, 1979September 30, 1980September 30, 1981September 30, 1984Subsec. (c)(2). and , and , amended par. (2) identically, substituting “Subject to amounts appropriated to carry out this section under subsection (g)” for “Subject to the authorization levels specified in subsection (g) of this section for the fiscal years ending , and , and subject to amounts appropriated for this program for the fiscal year ending , and for each succeeding fiscal year ending on or before ”.

Pub. L. 99–500Pub. L. 99–591, § 342(a)Pub. L. 99–661, § 4302(a)Subsec. (c)(4). and , and , amended subsec. (c) identically, adding par. (4).

Pub. L. 99–500Pub. L. 99–591, § 343(a)Pub. L. 99–661, § 4303(a)Subsec. (d)(4). and , and , amended subsec. (d) identically, adding par. (4).

Pub. L. 99–500Pub. L. 99–591, § 372(b)(1)Pub. L. 99–661, § 4502(b)(1)Subsec. (e)(2). and , and , amended par. (2) identically, substituting “Health and Human Services” for “Health, Education, and Welfare”.

Pub. L. 99–500Pub. L. 99–591, § 344(a)Pub. L. 99–661, § 4304(a)Subsec. (f)(1). and , and , generally amended par. (1) identically, substituting subpars. (A) to (E) for former subpars. (A) to (L) and concluding provisions.

Pub. L. 99–500Pub. L. 99–591, § 345Pub. L. 99–661, § 4305Subsec. (f)(2). and , and , generally amended par. (2) identically. Prior to amendment, par. (2) read as follows: “Not less than one month prior to the submission to the Governor of the plan of operation and administration required by this subsection, the State agency shall conduct hearings to enable the general public to participate in the development of the State agency plan.”

Pub. L. 99–500Pub. L. 99–591, § 346Pub. L. 99–661, § 4306Subsec. (f)(8). and , and , generally amended par. (8) identically. Prior to amendment, par. (8) read as follows: “The State agency shall, in cooperation with participating local agencies, publicize the availability of program benefits, including the eligibility criteria for participation and the location of local agencies operating the program. Such information shall be publicly announced by the State agency and by local agencies at least annually. Such information shall also be distributed to offices and organizations that deal with significant numbers of potentially eligible persons, including health and medical organizations, hospitals and clinics, welfare and unemployment offices, social service agencies, farmworker organizations, Indian tribal organizations, and religious and community organizations in low income areas.”

Pub. L. 99–500Pub. L. 99–591, § 341(b)(1)Pub. L. 99–661, § 4301(b)(1)Subsec. (f)(11). and , and , amended par. (11) identically, substituting “funds for nutrition services and administration” for “administrative funds”.

Pub. L. 99–500Pub. L. 99–591, § 347Pub. L. 99–661, § 4307Subsec. (f)(15). and , and , amended subsec. (f) identically, adding par. (15).

Pub. L. 99–661, § 4104(2)Sept. 30, 1979Sept. 30, 1980Sept. 30, 1981Sept. 30, 1982Sept. 30, 1983Sept. 30, 1984Sept. 30, 1986Sept. 30, 1987Sept. 30, 1988Sept. 30, 1989Subsec. (g)(1). , designated existing provision authorizing appropriations of $550,000,000 for fiscal year ending , $750,000,000 for fiscal year ending , $900,000,000 for fiscal year ending , $1,017,000,000 for fiscal year ending , $1,060,000,000 for fiscal year ending , and $1,126,000,000 for fiscal year ending as par. (1), and substituted provision authorizing appropriations of $1,570,000,000 for fiscal year ending , such sums as may be necessary for each of fiscal years ending , and , and $1,782,000,000 for fiscal year ending .

Pub. L. 99–500Pub. L. 99–591, § 314(2)Sept. 30, 1979Sept. 30, 1980Sept. 30, 1981Sept. 30, 1982Sept. 30, 1983Sept. 30, 1984Sept. 30, 1986Sept. 30, 1987Sept. 30, 1988Sept. 30, 1989 and , designated existing provision authorizing appropriations of $550,000,000 for fiscal year ending , $750,000,000 for fiscal year ending , $900,000,000 for fiscal year ending , $1,017,000,000 for fiscal year ending , $1,060,000,000 for fiscal year ending , and $1,126,000,000 for fiscal year ending , as par. (1), and in par. (1) as so designated, substituted provision authorizing appropriations of $1,580,494,000 for fiscal year ending , such sums as may be necessary for each of fiscal years ending , and , and $1,782,000,000 for fiscal year ending .

Pub. L. 99–500Pub. L. 99–591, § 348(a)Pub. L. 99–661, § 4308(a)Subsec. (g)(2). and , and , amended subsec. (g) identically, adding par. (2).

Pub. L. 99–500Pub. L. 99–591Pub. L. 99–661Subsec. (g)(3). and , §§ 314(2)(A), 343(b), 349, and , §§ 4104(2)(A), 4303(b), 4309, amended subsec. (g) identically, designating provisions as par. (3) and inserting “preparing the report required under subsection (d)(4) of this section, providing technical assistance to improve State agency administrative systems,”.

Pub. L. 99–500Pub. L. 99–591Pub. L. 99–661Subsec. (h)(1). and , §§ 341(b)(2), 350, and , §§ 4301(b)(2), 4310, amended par. (1) identically, substituting “costs for nutrition services and administration” for “administrative costs” in three places and inserting at end “The Secretary shall limit to a minimal level any documentation required under the preceding sentence.”

Pub. L. 99–500Pub. L. 99–591Pub. L. 99–661Subsec. (h)(2). and , §§ 314(3), 341(b)(1), and , §§ 4104(3), 4301(b)(1), amended par. (2) identically, substituting “1989” for “1984” and “funds for nutrition services and administration” for “administrative funds”.

Pub. L. 99–500Pub. L. 99–591Pub. L. 99–661Subsec. (h)(3). and , §§ 341(b), 351, and , §§ 4301(b), 4311, amended par. (3) identically, substituting “funds for nutrition services and administration” for “administrative funds” in two places and “costs for nutrition services and administration” for “administrative costs” and striking out “, which satisfy allocation guidelines established by the Secretary” after “several local agencies” and last sentence which read as follows: “These allocation standards shall be included in the plan of operation and administration required by subsection (f) of this section.”

Pub. L. 99–500Pub. L. 99–591, § 352Pub. L. 99–661, § 4312Subsec. (h)(4). and , and , amended par. (4) identically, substituting “may” for “shall”.

Pub. L. 99–500Pub. L. 99–591, § 341(b)(1)Pub. L. 99–661, § 4301(b)(1) and , and , amended par. (4) identically, substituting “funds for nutrition services and administration” for “administrative funds”.

Pub. L. 99–500Pub. L. 99–591, § 353(a)Pub. L. 99–661, § 4313Subsec. (i). and , and , amended subsec. (i) identically, designating existing provisions as pars. (1), (2), and (4) to (6) and adding par. (3).

Pub. L. 99–500Pub. L. 99–591, § 372(b)(1)Pub. L. 99–661, § 4502(b)(1)Subsec. (k)(1), (2). and , and , amended pars. (1) and (2) identically, substituting “Health and Human Services” for “Health, Education, and Welfare” in two places in par. (1) and in one place in par. (2).

Pub. L. 97–35Sept. 30, 19821981—Subsec. (g). inserted provisions setting forth specific appropriations for fiscal years ending , 1983, and 1984.

Pub. L. 96–499, § 203(d)(1)September 30, 1981September 30, 1984September 30, 1981September 30, 19821980—Subsec. (c)(2). , substituted “for the fiscal year ending , and for each succeeding fiscal year ending on or before ” for “for the fiscal years ending , and ”.

Pub. L. 96–499, § 203(d)(2)September 30, 1982Subsec. (g). , substituted “such sums as may be necessary for the three subsequent fiscal years” for “$950,000,000 for the fiscal year ending ”.

Pub. L. 96–499, § 203(d)(3)Subsec. (h)(2). , substituted “1984” for “1982”.

Pub. L. 96–1081979—Subsec. (g). substituted “$750,000,000” for “$800,000,000”.

Pub. L. 95–6271978—Subsec. (a). expanded provisions of this section to include postpartum and breastfeeding women.

Pub. L. 95–627Subsec. (b). substituted provisions defining terms for purposes of this section for provisions relating to cash grants to State health departments, Indians, and other agencies for supplemental food to pregnant and lactating women and infants.

Pub. L. 95–627Sept. 30, 1978Subsec. (c). substituted provisions authorizing grants-in-aid by the Secretary, prohibiting ratable reductions of amounts of food an agency may distribute, authorizing affirmative actions to institute the program where needed, and authorizing the issuance of regulations relating to dual receipt of benefits under a commodity supplemental food program for provisions authorizing appropriations to carry out the food program for each fiscal year during the period ending .

Pub. L. 95–627Subsec. (d). substituted provisions specifying persons eligible to participate in the food program for provisions prescribing administrative cost limitations and calling for approval by the Secretary of the manner of expenditure by the recipient agencies.

Pub. L. 95–627Subsec. (e). substituted provisions relating to nutrition education for program participants for provisions relating to persons eligible to participate in the program. See subsec. (d) of this section.

Pub. L. 95–627June 1, 1976Subsec. (f). substituted provisions relating to submittal of State operational and administrative plans, participation in the program by eligible migrants, recordkeeping, certain types of notification, hearings, certification of eligibility, withholding of funds, issuance of regulations, and use of foreign languages for provisions relating to the maintenance of adequate medical records, the establishment of an advisory committee to study methods of evaluating the health benefits of the program, and the submittal of a report to Congress based upon such study no later than .

Pub. L. 95–627Sept. 30, 1979Subsec. (g). substituted provisions authorizing appropriations for fiscal years ending , 1980, 1981, and 1982 for provisions defining terms for purposes of this section. See subsec. (b) of this section.

Pub. L. 95–627Subsec. (h). substituted provisions relating to allocation of funds for administrative costs for provisions relating to establishment of the National Advisory Council on Maternal, Infant, and Fetal Nutrition.

lPub. L. 95–627lSubsecs. (i) to (). added subsecs. (i) to ().

Pub. L. 95–166, § 20(6)1977—Subsec. (d). , substituted “each year by not later than a date specified by the Secretary” for “by January 1 of each year (by December 1 in the case of fiscal year 1976)”.

Pub. L. 95–166, § 18Subsec. (h)(8). , inserted proviso respecting compensation of parent recipient members of the Council.

Pub. L. 94–1051975—Subsec. (a). added subsec. (a). Former subsec. (a) redesignated (b).

Pub. L. 94–28, § 1(a)July 1, 1975September 30, 1975, inserted “and for the period , through ,” after “1975,”.

Pub. L. 94–105Sept. 30, 1975Sept. 30, 1978Subsec. (b)(1), (2). redesignated former subsec. (a) as (b)(1), added (b)(2), and in (b)(1) as so redesignated, extended the program from through the fiscal year ending and made minor changes in phraseology. Former subsec. (b) redesignated (c).

Pub. L. 94–28, § 1(b)July 1, 1975September 30, 1975, inserted “and for the period , through ,” after “1975,”.

Pub. L. 94–105Sept. 30, 1977section 612c of Title 7Sept. 30, 1978Subsec. (c). redesignated former subsec. (b) as (c), and in subsec. (c) as so redesignated, authorized the appropriation of $250,000,000 during each fiscal year during the period ending , authorized the amount of $250,000,000 which the Secretary can use out of the funds appropriated by in the event that less than $250,000,000 has been appropriated by the beginning of each fiscal year and authorized the appropriation of not to exceed $250,000,000 during the fiscal year ending . Former subsec. (c) redesignated (d).

Pub. L. 94–105Subsec. (d). redesignated former subsec. (c) as (d), and in subsec. (d) as so redesignated, increased from 10 to 20 per centum the amount of administrative costs the Secretary is authorized to pay except that in the first 3 months or until the projected caseload level has been reached the Secretary shall pay those administrative costs necessary to commence the program successfully, inserted provision relating to submission for approval of a description of the manner in which administrative funds shall be spent, and directed the Secretary to take affirmative action to insure that programs begin in the most needy areas. Former subsec. (d) redesignated (e).

Pub. L. 94–105Subsec. (e). redesignated former subsec. (d) as (e) and in subsec. (e) as so redesignated, substituted “under this section” for “under subsection (a) of this section” and inserted “or members of populations” after “residents of areas”. Former subsec. (e) redesignated (f).

Pub. L. 94–105June 1, 1976Oct. 1, 1974March 30, 1975Subsec. (f). redesignated former subsec. (e) as (f), and in subsec. (f) as so redesignated, substituted provisions relating to the convention of an advisory committee to study methods available to evaluate the health benefits of the program with a report to the Secretary who shall report to Congress no later than , for provision that the Secretary and Comptroller General of the United States submit preliminary reports to Congress no later than and submit no later than evaluations of the program and recommendations with regard to its continuation. Former subsec. (f) redesignated (g).

Pub. L. 94–105Subsec. (g). redesignated former subsec. (f) as (g), and in subsec. (g) as so redesignated, substituted “includes women from” for “includes mothers from”, and expanded definition of lactating women who are breast feeding an infant up to one year of age and all women for a period of six months post partum, in par. (1); substituted “5 years” for “four years” wherever appearing and inserted “(at the discretion of the Secretary)” after “may also include”, in par. (2); struck out “food product” before “commercially formulated”, inserted “women or” before “infants” and inserted provision relating to the availability of the contents of the food package, in par. (3).

Pub. L. 94–105Subsec. (h). added subsec. (h).

Pub. L. 93–326June 30, 1975section 612c of Title 7Aug. 1, 1974June 30, 19751974—Subsec. (b). increased from $40,000,000 to $100,000,000 appropriation authorization for fiscal year ending , and increased from $40,000,000 to $100,000,000 amount which Secretary can use out of funds appropriated by in event that less than $100,000,000 has been appropriated by , for carrying out special supplemental food program for fiscal year ending .

Pub. L. 93–150, § 6(a)June 30, 19751973—Subsec. (a). , provided for cash grants during fiscal year ending , substituted in first sentence in two places “State; Indian tribe, band, or group recognized by the Department of the Interior; or the Indian Health Service of the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare” for “State”, and substituted in second sentence provision for operation of the program for a “three-year” rather than a “two-year” period.

Pub. L. 93–150, § 6(b)June 30, 1975August 1, 1974section 612c of title 7Subsec. (b). , authorized appropriation of $40,000,000 for fiscal year ending , and provided that in the event such sum was not appropriated by , the Secretary was to use $40,000,000, or, if any amount had been appropriated, the difference, if any, between the amount directly appropriated and $40,000,000, out of funds appropriated by .

Pub. L. 93–150, § 6(c)Oct. 1, 1973Oct. 1, 1974Mar. 30, 1974Mar. 30, 1975Subsec. (e). , extended dates for submission of preliminary and final evaluation reports from , to , and from , to , respectively.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Change of Name

Jan. 9, 2023Committee on Education and Labor of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Education and the Workforce of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 5, One Hundred Eighteenth Congress, .

Effective Date of 2013 Amendment

Pub. L. 112–239, div. A, title X, § 1076(a)Jan. 2, 2013126 Stat. 1947 Dec. 31, 2011Pub. L. 112–81, , , provided that the amendment made by section 1076(a)(9) is effective , and as if included in as enacted.

Effective Date of 2010 Amendment

Pub. L. 111–296Oct. 1, 2010section 445 of Pub. L. 111–296section 1751 of this titleAmendment by effective , except as otherwise specifically provided, see , set out as a note under .

Effective Date of 2008 Amendment

Pub. L. 110–234Pub. L. 110–246May 22, 2008Pub. L. 110–234section 4 of Pub. L. 110–246section 8701 of Title 7Amendment of this section and repeal of by effective , the date of enactment of , except as otherwise provided, see , set out as an Effective Date note under , Agriculture.

Pub. L. 110–246Oct. 1, 2008section 4407 of Pub. L. 110–246section 1161 of Title 2Amendment by section 4002(b)(1)(A), (B), (E), (J), (2)(AA) of effective , see , set out as a note under , The Congress.

Effective Date of 2004 Amendment

section 203 of Pub. L. 108–265June 30, 2004section 502(a) of Pub. L. 108–265section 1754 of this titleAmendment by effective , except as otherwise provided, see , as amended, set out as an Effective Date note under .

Pub. L. 108–265Oct. 1, 2004section 502(b)(2) of Pub. L. 108–265section 1754 of this titleAmendment by sections 203(a)–(c)(1), (5), (e)(8), (10), (13), (f) of effective , see , as amended, set out as an Effective Date note under .

Pub. L. 108–265, title II, § 203(c)(4)(B)June 30, 2004118 Stat. 773

Pub. L. 108–265, title II, § 203(e)(4)(B)June 30, 2004118 Stat. 774

Pub. L. 108–265, title II, § 203(e)(6)(B)June 30, 2004118 Stat. 775

Pub. L. 108–265, title II, § 203(e)(7)(C)June 30, 2004118 Stat. 775

section 203(e)(9) of Pub. L. 108–265Oct. 1, 2005section 502(b)(5) of Pub. L. 108–265section 1754 of this titleAmendment by effective , see , as amended, set out as an Effective Date note under .

Effective Date of 2002 Amendment

Pub. L. 107–171, title IV, § 4306(b)May 13, 2002116 Stat. 332

Pub. L. 107–171, title IV, § 4307(b)May 13, 2002116 Stat. 333

Effective Date of 2000 Amendments

Pub. L. 106–472, title III, § 307(b)(2)Nov. 9, 2000114 Stat. 2073 Oct. 1, 2000, , , provided that the amendment made by section 307(b)(2) is effective .

Pub. L. 106–224Oct. 1, 2000section 242(c) of Pub. L. 106–224section 1758 of this titleAmendment by section 242(b)(1), (2) of effective , see , set out as a note under .

Pub. L. 106–224, title II, § 244(f)June 20, 2000114 Stat. 422

Effective Date of 1998 Amendment

Pub. L. 105–336Oct. 1, 1998section 401 of Pub. L. 105–336section 1755 of this titleAmendment by effective , see , set out as a note under .

Effective Date of 1996 Amendment

section 109(h) of Pub. L. 104–193July 1, 1997section 116 of Pub. L. 104–193section 601 of this titleAmendment by effective , with transition rules relating to State options to accelerate such date, rules relating to claims, actions, and proceedings commenced before such date, rules relating to closing out of accounts for terminated or substantially modified programs and continuance in office of Assistant Secretary for Family Support, and provisions relating to termination of entitlement under AFDC program, see , as amended, set out as an Effective Date note under .

Pub. L. 104–193, title VII, § 729(g)(2)Aug. 22, 1996110 Stat. 2305

Effective Date of 1994 Amendment

Pub. L. 103–448Oct. 1, 1994section 401 of Pub. L. 103–448section 1755 of this titleAmendment by effective , see , set out as a note under .

Effective and Termination Dates of 1992 Amendments

Pub. L. 102–512, title II, § 209Oct. 24, 1992106 Stat. 3369 Pub. L. 102–512section 1771 of this titleSept. 30, 1994section 204 of Pub. L. 102–512Oct. 1, 1994Pub. L. 103–448, title II, § 204oNov. 2, 1994108 Stat. 4742 , , , which provided that the authority provided and the amendments made by title II of , amending this section and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and , would terminate on , except with regard to subsec. (h)(8)(J) of this section, as amended by , was repealed, eff. , by ()(2), title IV, § 401, , , 4751.

Pub. L. 102–314, § 4July 2, 1992106 Stat. 285

Effective Date of 1989 Amendment

Pub. L. 101–147, title I, § 123(f)(2)Nov. 10, 1989103 Stat. 905

Effective Date of 1988 Amendments

Pub. L. 100–435Oct. 1, 1988section 701(a) of Pub. L. 100–435section 2012 of Title 7Amendment by to be effective and implemented on , see , set out as a note under , Agriculture.

Pub. L. 100–237, § 8(d)Jan. 8, 1988101 Stat. 1741

Effective Date of 1986 Amendments

Pub. L. 99–500, title III, § 342(b)Oct. 18, 1986100 Stat. 1783–364 Pub. L. 99–591, title III, § 342(b)Oct. 30, 1986100 Stat. 3341–367 Pub. L. 99–661, div. D, title III, § 4302(b)Nov. 14, 1986100 Stat. 4075

Pub. L. 99–500, title III, § 344(b)Oct. 18, 1986100 Stat. 1783–365 Pub. L. 99–591, title III, § 344(b)Oct. 30, 1986100 Stat. 3341–368 Pub. L. 99–661, div. D, title III, § 4304(b)Nov. 14, 1986100 Stat. 4077

Pub. L. 99–500, title III, § 347Oct. 18, 1986100 Stat. 1783–366 Pub. L. 99–591, title III, § 347Oct. 30, 1986100 Stat. 3341–369 Pub. L. 99–661, div. D, title III, § 4307Nov. 14, 1986100 Stat. 4077 section 347 of Pub. L. 99–500Pub. L. 99–591section 4307 of Pub. L. 99–661Oct. 1, 1986, , , , , , and , , , provided that the amendment made by and and by is effective .

Pub. L. 99–500, title III, § 348(a)Oct. 18, 1986100 Stat. 1783–366 Pub. L. 99–591, title III, § 348(a)Oct. 30, 1986100 Stat. 3341–369 Pub. L. 99–661, div. D, title III, § 4308(a)Nov. 14, 1986100 Stat. 4077 section 348(a) of Pub. L. 99–500Pub. L. 99–591section 4308(a) of Pub. L. 99–661Oct. 1, 1986, , , , , , and , , , provided that the amendment made by and and by is effective .

Pub. L. 99–500, title III, § 352Oct. 18, 1986100 Stat. 1783–367 Pub. L. 99–591, title III, § 352Oct. 30, 1986100 Stat. 3341–370 Pub. L. 99–661, div. D, title III, § 4312Nov. 14, 1986100 Stat. 4078 section 352 of Pub. L. 99–500Pub. L. 99–591section 4312 of Pub. L. 99–661Oct. 1, 1986, , , , , , and , , , provided that the amendment made by and and by is effective .

Pub. L. 99–500, title III, § 353(b)Oct. 18, 1986100 Stat. 1783–367 Pub. L. 99–591, title III, § 353(b)Oct. 30, 1986100 Stat. 3341–370 Pub. L. 99–661, div. D, title III, § 4313(b)Nov. 14, 1986100 Stat. 4078

Effective Date of 1981 Amendment

Pub. L. 97–35Aug. 13, 1981section 820(a)(7)(B) of Pub. L. 97–35section 1753 of this titleAmendment by effective , see , set out as a note under .

Effective Date of 1978 Amendment

Pub. L. 95–627Oct. 1, 1978section 14 of Pub. L. 95–627section 1755 of this titleAmendment by effective , see , set out as a note under .

Effective Date of 1977 Amendment

Pub. L. 95–166, § 20Nov. 10, 197791 Stat. 1346 July 1, 1977, , , provided that the amendment made by that section is effective .

Effective Date of 1975 Amendment

Pub. L. 94–105, § 14Oct. 7, 197589 Stat. 518 June 30, 1976, , , provided that the amendment made by that section is effective beginning with the fiscal year ending .

Termination of Advisory Councils

Jan. 5, 1973Advisory councils established after , to terminate not later than the expiration of the 2-year period beginning on the date of their establishment, unless, in the case of a council established by the President or an officer of the Federal Government, such council is renewed by appropriate action prior to the expiration of such 2-year period, or in the case of a council established by the Congress, its duration is otherwise provided by law. See sections 1001(2) and 1013 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

Regulations

Pub. L. 108–265, title II, § 203(c)(2)(B)June 30, 2004118 Stat. 772

Pub. L. 105–336, title II, § 203(f)(2)Oct. 31, 1998112 Stat. 3160

Pub. L. 105–336, title II, § 203lOct. 31, 1998112 Stat. 3162

Pub. L. 105–336, title II, § 203(p)(2)Oct. 31, 1998112 Stat. 3165

Pub. L. 101–147, title I, § 123(f)(1)Nov. 10, 1989103 Stat. 905

Pub. L. 101–147, title II, § 213(b)Nov. 10, 1989103 Stat. 913

Pub. L. 95–627, § 13Nov. 10, 197892 Stat. 3625

Improvements to WIC Benefits

Pub. L. 117–2, title I, § 1105Mar. 11, 2021135 Stat. 16

Physical Presence Waiver Under WIC During Certain Public Health Emergencies

Pub. L. 116–127, div. B, title II, § 2203Mar. 18, 2020134 Stat. 186 Pub. L. 116–159, div. D, title VI, § 4602(b)Oct. 1, 2020134 Stat. 745

Administrative Requirements Waiver Under WIC

Pub. L. 116–127, div. B, title II, § 2204Mar. 18, 2020134 Stat. 187 Pub. L. 116–159, div. D, title VI, § 4602(c)Oct. 1, 2020134 Stat. 745

Study of Cost Containment Practices

Pub. L. 105–336, title II, § 203(r)Oct. 31, 1998112 Stat. 3166

Study of WIC Services

Pub. L. 105–336, title II, § 203(s)Oct. 31, 1998112 Stat. 3167

Reference to Community, Migrant, Public Housing, or Homeless Health Center Considered Reference to Health Center

section 4(c) of Pub. L. 104–299section 254b of this titleReference to community health center, migrant health center, public housing health center, or homeless health center considered reference to health center, see , set out as a note under .

Promotion by Secretary of Use of Farmers’ Markets

Pub. L. 103–448, title II, § 204(v)(12)Nov. 2, 1994108 Stat. 4745

References to Special Supplemental Food Program

Pub. L. 103–448, title II, § 204(w)(3)Nov. 2, 1994108 Stat. 4746

WIC Infant Formula Protection; Findings and Purposes

Pub. L. 102–512, title II, § 202Oct. 24, 1992106 Stat. 3364 Pub. L. 103–448, title II, § 204(w)(2)(F)Nov. 2, 1994108 Stat. 4746

Study of Infant Formula Bid Solicitations

Pub. L. 102–512, title II, § 208Oct. 24, 1992106 Stat. 3368 Apr. 1, 199442 U.S.C. 1786(h)(8)(G)(i)Pub. L. 102–512, , , directed Secretary of Agriculture, not later than , to report to Congress on State agencies that request the Secretary of Agriculture to conduct bid solicitations for infant formula under , cost reductions achieved by the solicitations, and other matters the Secretary determined to be appropriate regarding title II of .

Women, Infants, and Children Farmers’ Market Nutrition Program; Congressional Statement of Purpose

Pub. L. 102–314, § 2July 2, 1992106 Stat. 280

Review of Priority System; Reports to Congress

Pub. L. 101–147, title I, § 123(b)Nov. 10, 1989103 Stat. 904 Oct. 1, 1990July 1, 1991, , , directed Secretary of Agriculture to review relationship between nutritional risk criteria established under this section and priority system used under special supplemental food program under this section, especially as it affected pregnant women, and to submit preliminary and final reports to Congress on results of review by , and by , respectively.

Report on WIC Food Package

Pub. L. 101–147, title I, § 123(c)Nov. 10, 1989103 Stat. 904 June 30, 1991June 30, 1992, , , directed Secretary of Agriculture to review appropriateness of foods eligible for purchase under special supplemental food program under this section and to submit preliminary and final reports to Congress on findings of review by , and by , respectively.

Report on Costs for Nutrition Services and Administration

Pub. L. 101–147, title I, § 123(d)Nov. 10, 1989103 Stat. 905 Pub. L. 101–647Nov. 10, 1989, , , directed Secretary of Agriculture to review effect on costs for nutrition services and administration incurred by State and local agencies of sections 123 and 213 of , and the amendments made by such sections, amending this section and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section (including effect of both increases and decreases in requirements imposed on such agencies), and to report results of such review to Congress not later than one year after .

Paperwork Reduction

Pub. L. 101–147, title I, § 123(e)Nov. 10, 1989103 Stat. 905

Farmers’ Market Coupons Demonstration Project

Pub. L. 100–435, title V, § 501(a)Sept. 19, 1988102 Stat. 1668

Study of Nutrition Services and Administration Funding

Pub. L. 100–237, § 8(c)Jan. 8, 1988101 Stat. 1741 42 U.S.C. 1786(h)(1)Mar. 1, 1989, , , directed Secretary to conduct a study of appropriateness of percentage of annual appropriation for the program required by to be made available for State and local agency costs for nutrition services and administration, and to report results of this study to Congress not later than , such study to include an analysis of the impact in future years on per participant administrative costs if a substantial number of States implement competitive bidding, rebate, direct distribution, or home delivery systems and to examine the impact of percentage provided for nutrition services and administration on quality of such services.

Study of Medicaid Savings for Newborns From WIC Program

Pub. L. 100–237, § 10Jan. 8, 1988101 Stat. 1741 Feb. 1, 1990Pub. L. 100–202, § 101(k) [title III]Dec. 22, 1987101 Stat. 1329–349 , , , directed Secretary of Agriculture to study medicaid savings for newborns as result of prenatal participation by mothers in special supplemental food program under this section and to report study results to Congress by . Similar provisions were contained in , , .

Accountability for Migrant Services

Pub. L. 99–500, title III, § 348(b)Oct. 18, 1986100 Stat. 1783–366 Pub. L. 99–591, title III, § 348(b)Oct. 30, 1986100 Stat. 3341–369 Pub. L. 99–661, div. D, title III, § 4308(b)Nov. 14, 1986100 Stat. 4078