42 U.S.C. § 5170c | Hazard mitigation

(a)

In general

section 5187 of this title section 5165 of this title section 5165 of this title section 5187 of this title section 5187 of this titleThe President may contribute up to 75 percent of the cost of hazard mitigation measures which the President has determined are cost effective and which substantially reduce the risk of, or increase resilience to, future damage, hardship, loss, or suffering in any area affected by a major disaster, or any area affected by a fire for which assistance was provided under . Such measures shall be identified following the evaluation of natural hazards under and shall be subject to approval by the President. Subject to , the total of contributions under this section for a major disaster or event under shall not exceed 15 percent for amounts not more than $2,000,000,000, 10 percent for amounts of more than $2,000,000,000 and not more than $10,000,000,000, and 7.5 percent on amounts of more than $10,000,000,000 and not more than $35,333,000,000 of the estimated aggregate amount of grants to be made (less any associated administrative costs) under this chapter with respect to the major disaster or event under .

(b)

Property acquisition and relocation assistance

(1)

General authority

In providing hazard mitigation assistance under this section in connection with flooding, the Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency may provide property acquisition and relocation assistance for projects that meet the requirements of paragraph (2).

(2)

Terms and conditions

An acquisition or relocation project shall be eligible to receive assistance pursuant to paragraph (1) only if—

(A)

the applicant for the assistance is otherwise eligible to receive assistance under the hazard mitigation grant program established under subsection (a); and

(B)

December 3, 1993 on or after , the applicant for the assistance enters into an agreement with the Administrator that provides assurances that—

(i)

any property acquired, accepted, or from which a structure will be removed pursuant to the project will be dedicated and maintained in perpetuity for a use that is compatible with open space, recreational, or wetlands management practices;

(ii)

no new structure will be erected on property acquired, accepted or from which a structure was removed under the acquisition or relocation program other than—

(I)

a public facility that is open on all sides and functionally related to a designated open space;

(II)

a rest room; or

(III)

a structure that the Administrator approves in writing before the commencement of the construction of the structure; and

(iii)

after receipt of the assistance, with respect to any property acquired, accepted or from which a structure was removed under the acquisition or relocation program—

(I)

no subsequent application for additional disaster assistance for any purpose will be made by the recipient to any Federal entity; and

(II)

no assistance referred to in subclause (I) will be provided to the applicant by any Federal source.

(3)

Statutory construction

December 3, 1993Nothing in this subsection is intended to alter or otherwise affect an agreement for an acquisition or relocation project carried out pursuant to this section that was in effect on the day before .

(c)

Program administration by States

(1)

In general

A State desiring to administer the hazard mitigation grant program established by this section with respect to hazard mitigation assistance in the State may submit to the President an application for the delegation of the authority to administer the program.

(2)

Criteria

The President, in consultation and coordination with States and local governments, shall establish criteria for the approval of applications submitted under paragraph (1). Until such time as the Administrator promulgates regulations to implement this paragraph, the Administrator may waive notice and comment rulemaking, if the Administrator determines doing so is necessary to expeditiously implement this section, and may carry out this section as a pilot program. The criteria shall include, at a minimum—

(A)

the demonstrated ability of the State to manage the grant program under this section;

(B)

section 5165 of this title there being in effect an approved mitigation plan under ; and

(C)

a demonstrated commitment to mitigation activities.

(3)

Approval

The President shall approve an application submitted under paragraph (1) that meets the criteria established under paragraph (2).

(4)

Withdrawal of approval

If, after approving an application of a State submitted under paragraph (1), the President determines that the State is not administering the hazard mitigation grant program established by this section in a manner satisfactory to the President, the President shall withdraw the approval.

(5)

Audits

The President shall provide for periodic audits of the hazard mitigation grant programs administered by States under this subsection.

(d)

Streamlined procedures

(1)

In general

For the purpose of providing assistance under this section, the President shall ensure that—

(A)

42 U.S.C. 4321 1

1 See References in Text note below.

adequate resources are devoted to ensure that applicable environmental reviews under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 [ et seq.] and historic preservation reviews under the National Historic Preservation Act  are completed on an expeditious basis; and

(B)

42 U.S.C. 4321¹ the shortest existing applicable process under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 [ et seq.] and the National Historic Preservation Act  is utilized.

(2)

Authority for other expedited procedures

The President may utilize expedited procedures in addition to those required under paragraph (1) for the purpose of providing assistance under this section, such as procedures under the Prototype Programmatic Agreement of the Federal Emergency Management Agency, for the consideration of multiple structures as a group and for an analysis of the cost-effectiveness and fulfillment of cost-share requirements for proposed hazard mitigation measures.

(e)

Advance assistance

The President may provide not more than 25 percent of the amount of the estimated cost of hazard mitigation measures to a State grantee eligible for a grant under this section before eligible costs are incurred.

(f)

Use of assistance

section 5133 of this titleRecipients of hazard mitigation assistance provided under this section and may use the assistance to conduct activities to help reduce the risk of future damage, hardship, loss, or suffering in any area affected by a wildfire or windstorm, such as—

(1)

reseeding ground cover with quick-growing or native species;

(2)

mulching with straw or chipped wood;

(3)

constructing straw, rock, or log dams in small tributaries to prevent flooding;

(4)

placing logs and other erosion barriers to catch sediment on hill slopes;

(5)

installing debris traps to modify road and trail drainage mechanisms;

(6)

modifying or removing culverts to allow drainage to flow freely;

(7)

adding drainage dips and constructing emergency spillways to keep roads and bridges from washing out during floods;

(8)

planting grass to prevent the spread of noxious weeds;

(9)

installing warning signs;

(10)

establishing defensible space measures;

(11)

reducing hazardous fuels;

(12)

mitigating windstorm and wildfire damage, including—

(A)

replacing or installing electrical transmission or distribution utility pole structures with poles that are resilient to extreme wind, wildfire, and combined ice and wind loadings for the basic wind speeds and ice conditions associated with the relevant location; and

(B)

the installation of fire-resistant wires and infrastructure and the undergrounding of wires;

(13)

removing standing burned trees; and

(14)

replacing water systems that have been burned and have caused contamination.

(g)

Use of assistance for earthquake hazards

(1)

improvements to regional seismic networks in support of building a capability for earthquake early warning;

(2)

improvements to geodetic networks in support of building a capability for earthquake early warning; and

(3)

improvements to seismometers, Global Positioning System receivers, and associated infrastructure in support of building a capability for earthquake early warning.

Pub. L. 93–288, title IV, § 404 Pub. L. 100–707, title I, § 106(a)(3)Nov. 23, 1988102 Stat. 4698 Pub. L. 103–181Dec. 3, 1993107 Stat. 2054 Pub. L. 106–390, title I, § 104(c)(1)Oct. 30, 2000114 Stat. 1559 Pub. L. 108–7, div. K, title IV, § 417Feb. 20, 2003117 Stat. 525 Pub. L. 109–295, title VI, § 684Oct. 4, 2006120 Stat. 1447 Pub. L. 111–351, § 3(c)(2)Jan. 4, 2011124 Stat. 3864 Pub. L. 113–2, div. B, § 1104(a)Jan. 29, 2013127 Stat. 43 Pub. L. 115–254, div. DOct. 5, 2018132 Stat. 3439 Pub. L. 117–58, div. D, title I, § 40102Nov. 15, 2021135 Stat. 928(, as added , , ; amended , §§ 2(a), 3, , ; , title II, § 204, , , 1561; , , ; , , ; , , ; , (b), , ; , §§ 1204(b)(1), 1205, 1233, 1235(a), , , 3460, 3463; , , .)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Pub. L. 93–288May 22, 197488 Stat. 143 section 5121 of this titleThis chapter, referred to in subsec. (a), was in the original “this Act”, meaning , , . For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under and Tables.

Pub. L. 91–190Jan. 1, 197083 Stat. 852 section 4321 of this titleThe National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, referred to in subsec. (d)(1), is , , , which is classified generally to chapter 55 (§ 4321 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under and Tables.

Pub. L. 89–665Oct. 15, 196680 Stat. 915 Pub. L. 113–287Dec. 19, 2014128 Stat. 3094 section 100101 of Title 54The National Historic Preservation Act, referred to in subsec. (d)(1), is , , , which was classified generally to subchapter II (§ 470 et seq.) of chapter 1A of Title 16, Conservation. The Act, except for section 1, was repealed and restated in division A (§ 300101 et seq.) of subtitle III of Title 54, National Park Service and Related Programs, by , §§ 3, 7, , , 3272. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables. For disposition of former sections of Title 16, see Disposition Table preceding .

Prior Provisions

section 404 of Pub. L. 93–288 section 5174 of this title Pub. L. 100–707A prior was classified to prior to repeal by .

Amendments

Pub. L. 117–582021—Subsec. (f)(12). inserted “and wildfire” after “windstorm” and substituted “including—” for “including”, inserted subpar. (A) designation before “replacing” and “, wildfire,” after “extreme wind”, and added subpar. (B).

Pub. L. 115–254, § 1204(b)(1)section 5187 of this title section 1235(a) of Pub. L. 115–254 section 5187 of this title2018—Subsec. (a). , inserted “, or any area affected by a fire for which assistance was provided under ” after “affected by a major disaster” in first sentence as inserted by , and inserted “or event under ” after “major disaster” in two places in third sentence.

Pub. L. 115–254, § 1235(a), substituted “The President may contribute up to 75 percent of the cost of hazard mitigation measures which the President has determined are cost effective and which substantially reduce the risk of, or increase resilience to, future damage, hardship, loss, or suffering in any area affected by a major disaster.” for “The President may contribute up to 75 percent of the cost of hazard mitigation measures which the President has determined are cost-effective and which substantially reduce the risk of future damage, hardship, loss, or suffering in any area affected by a major disaster.”

Pub. L. 115–254, § 1205Subsec. (f). , added subsec. (f).

Pub. L. 115–254, § 1233Subsec. (g). , added subsec. (g).

Pub. L. 113–2, § 1104(b)2013—Subsec. (c)(2). , inserted “Until such time as the Administrator promulgates regulations to implement this paragraph, the Administrator may waive notice and comment rulemaking, if the Administrator determines doing so is necessary to expeditiously implement this section, and may carry out this section as a pilot program.” after “applications submitted under paragraph (1).” in introductory provisions.

Pub. L. 113–2, § 1104(a)Subsecs. (d), (e). , added subsecs. (d) and (e).

Pub. L. 111–3512011—Subsec. (b)(1), (2). substituted “Administrator” for “Director” wherever appearing.

Pub. L. 109–2952006—Subsec. (a). , in last sentence, substituted “15 percent for amounts not more than $2,000,000,000, 10 percent for amounts of more than $2,000,000,000 and not more than $10,000,000,000, and 7.5 percent on amounts of more than $10,000,000,000 and not more than $35,333,000,000” for “7.5 percent”.

Pub. L. 108–72003—Subsec. (a). substituted “7.5 percent” for “15 percent”.

Pub. L. 106–390, § 104(c)(1)section 5165 of this title2000—Subsec. (a). , substituted “section 5165” for “section 5176” in second sentence and “Subject to , the total” for “The total” in third sentence.

Pub. L. 106–390, § 204Subsec. (c). , added subsec. (c).

Pub. L. 103–181 section 5172 of this title1993— designated existing provisions as subsec. (a), inserted heading, substituted “75 percent” for “50 percent” in first sentence, substituted “15 percent of the estimated aggregate amount of grants to be made (less any associated administrative costs) under this chapter with respect to the major disaster” for “10 percent of the estimated aggregate amounts of grants to be made under with respect to such major disaster” in last sentence, and added subsec. (b).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2018 Amendment

Pub. L. 115–254Aug. 1, 2017Pub. L. 115–254Jan. 1, 2016section 1202 of Pub. L. 115–254 section 5121 of this titleAmendment by applicable to each major disaster and emergency declared by the President on or after , and authorities provided under div. D of applicable to each major disaster and emergency declared by the President on or after , except as otherwise provided, see , set out as a note under .

Effective Date of 2013 Amendment

Pub. L. 113–2, div. B, § 1104(c)Jan. 29, 2013127 Stat. 43

“The authority under the amendments made by this section [amending this section] shall apply to—

“(1)

42 U.S.C. 5121Jan. 29, 2013 any major disaster or emergency declared under the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act ( et seq.) on or after the date of enactment of this division []; and

“(2)

a major disaster or emergency declared under that Act before the date of enactment of this division for which the period for processing requests for assistance has not ended as of the date of enactment of this division.”

, , , provided that:

Effective Date of 1993 Amendment

Pub. L. 103–181, § 2(b)Dec. 3, 1993107 Stat. 2054

42 U.S.C. 5121June 10, 1993“The amendments made by this section [amending this section] shall apply to any major disaster declared by the President pursuant to The [the] Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act ( et seq.) on or after .”

, , , provided that:

Transfer of Functions

section 315(a)(1) of Title 6For transfer of all functions, personnel, assets, components, authorities, grant programs, and liabilities of the Federal Emergency Management Agency, including the functions of the Under Secretary for Federal Emergency Management relating thereto, to the Federal Emergency Management Agency, see , Domestic Security.

November 25, 2002section 542 of Title 6For transfer of functions, personnel, assets, and liabilities of the Federal Emergency Management Agency, including the functions of the Director of the Federal Emergency Management Agency relating thereto, to the Secretary of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see former section 313(1) and sections 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of , as modified, set out as a note under .

Hazard Eligibility and Local Projects

Pub. L. 117–332Jan. 5, 2023136 Stat. 6119

“SECTION 1.

SHORT TITLE.

“This Act may be cited as the ‘Hazard Eligibility and Local Projects Act’.

“SEC. 2.

AUTHORITY TO BEGIN IMPLEMENTATION OF ACQUISITION AND DEMOLITION ASSISTANCE PROJECTS.

“(a)

Definitions .—

In this section:

“(1)

Administrator .—

The term ‘Administrator’ means the Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency.

“(2)

Covered project .—

The term ‘covered project’ means a project that—

“(A)

is an acquisition and demolition project for which an entity began implementation, including planning or construction, before or after requesting assistance for the project under a hazard mitigation assistance program; and

“(B)

42 U.S.C. 4321 qualifies for a categorical exclusion under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 ( et seq.).

“(3)

Hazard mitigation assistance program .—

The term ‘hazard mitigation assistance program’ means—

“(A)

42 U.S.C. 5133 any grant program authorized under section 203 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act ();

“(B)

42 U.S.C. 5170c the hazard mitigation grant program authorized under section 404 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (); and

“(C)

42 U.S.C. 4104c the flood mitigation assistance program authorized under section 1366 of the National Flood Insurance Act of 1968 ().

“(b)

Eligibility for Assistance for Covered Projects.—

“(1)

In general .—

An entity seeking assistance under a hazard mitigation assistance program may be eligible to receive that assistance for a covered project if—

“(A)

the entity—

“(i)

complies with all other eligibility requirements of the hazard mitigation assistance program for acquisition or demolition projects, including extinguishing all incompatible encumbrances; and

“(ii)

complies with all Federal requirements for the covered project; and

“(B)

the Administrator determines that the covered project—

“(i)

42 U.S.C. 4321 qualifies for a categorical exclusion under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 ( et seq.);

“(ii)

is compliant with applicable floodplain management and protection of wetland regulations and criteria; and

“(iii)

does not require consultation under any other environmental or historic preservation law or regulation or involve any extraordinary circumstances.

“(2)

Costs incurred .—

An entity seeking assistance under a hazard mitigation assistance program shall be responsible for any project costs incurred by the entity for a covered project if the covered project is not awarded, or is determined to be ineligible for, assistance.

“(c)

Applicability .—

Jan. 5, 2023This Act shall apply to covered projects started on or after the date of enactment of this Act [].

“(d)

Report .—

Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter for 3 years, the Administrator shall submit to Congress a report on use of the authority under this Act, including—

“(1)

how many applicants used the authority;

“(2)

how many applicants using the authority successfully obtained a grant;

“(3)

how many applicants were not able to successfully obtain a grant;

“(4)

the reasons applicants were not able to obtain a grant; and

“(5)

the extent to which applicants using the authority were able to comply with all necessary Federal environmental, historic preservation, and other related laws and regulations.

“(e)

Termination .—

The authority provided under this Act shall cease to be effective on the date that is 3 years after the date of enactment of this Act.”

, , , provided that:

Wage Rate Requirements

Pub. L. 117–58 section 18851 of this titleFor provisions relating to rates of wages to be paid to laborers and mechanics on projects for construction, alteration, or repair work funded under div. D or an amendment by div. D of , including authority of Secretary of Labor, see .

Funding of a Federally Authorized Water Resources Development Project

Pub. L. 115–254, div. D, § 1210(b)Oct. 5, 2018132 Stat. 3444

“(1)

Eligible activities .—

42 U.S.C. 5155 42 U.S.C. 5170cNotwithstanding section 312 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act () and its implementing regulations, assistance provided pursuant to section 404 of such Act [] may be used to fund activities authorized for construction within the scope of a federally authorized water resources development project of the Army Corps of Engineers if such activities are also eligible activities under such section.

“(2)

Federal funding .—

All Federal funding provided under section 404 pursuant to this section shall be applied toward the Federal share of such project.

“(3)

Non-federal match .—

All non-Federal matching funds required under section 404 pursuant to this section shall be applied toward the non-Federal share of such project.

“(4)

Total federal share .—

Funding provided under section 404 pursuant to this section may not exceed the total Federal share for such project.

“(5)

No effect .—

Nothing in this section shall—

“(A)

affect the cost-share requirement of a hazard mitigation measure under section 404;

“(B)

affect the eligibility criteria for a hazard mitigation measure under section 404;

“(C)

affect the cost share requirements of a federally authorized water resources development project; and

“(D)

affect the responsibilities of a non-Federal interest with respect to the project, including those related to the provision of lands, easements, rights-of-way, dredge material disposal areas, and necessary relocations.

“(6)

Limitation .—

If a federally authorized water resources development project of the Army Corps of Engineers is constructed with funding provided under section 404 pursuant to this subsection, no further Federal funding shall be provided for construction of such project.”

, , , provided that:

Guidance on Hazard Mitigation Assistance

Pub. L. 115–254, div. D, § 1231Oct. 5, 2018132 Stat. 3459

“(a)

In General .—

Oct. 5, 201842 U.S.C. 5170cNot later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act [], the Administrator [of the Federal Emergency Management Agency] shall issue guidance regarding the acquisition of property for open space as a mitigation measure under section 404 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act () that includes—

“(1)

a process by which the State hazard mitigation officer appointed for such an acquisition shall, not later than 60 days after the applicant for assistance enters into an agreement with the Administrator regarding the acquisition, provide written notification to each affected unit of local government for such acquisition that includes—

“(A)

the location of the acquisition;

“(B)

the State-local assistance agreement for the hazard mitigation grant program;

“(C)

a description of the acquisition; and

“(D)

a copy of the deed restriction; and

“(2)

recommendations for entering into and implementing a memorandum of understanding between units of local government and covered entities that includes provisions to allow an affected unit of local government notified under paragraph (1) to—

“(A)

42 U.S.C. 5170c use and maintain the open space created by such a project, consistent with section 404 [] (including related regulations, standards, and guidance) and consistent with all adjoining property, subject to the notification of the adjoining property, so long as the cost of the maintenance is borne by the local government; and

“(B)

maintain the open space pursuant to standards exceeding any local government standards defined in the agreement with the Administrator described under paragraph (1).

“(b)

Definitions .—

In this section:

“(1)

Affected unit of local government .—

42 U.S.C. 5122The term ‘affected unit of local government’ means any entity covered by the definition of local government in section 102 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (), that has jurisdiction over the property subject to the acquisition described in subsection (a).

“(2)

Covered entity .—

The term ‘covered entity’ means—

“(A)

the grantee or subgrantee receiving assistance for an open space project described in subsection (a);

“(B)

the State in which such project is located; and

“(C)

the applicable Regional Administrator of the Agency.”

, , , provided that:

section 1231 of Pub. L. 115–254 section 1203 of Pub. L. 115–254 section 5122 of this title[For definition of “State” as used in , set out above, see , set out as a Definitions note under .]