7 U.S.C. § 16 | Commission operations

(a)

Cooperation with other agencies

The Commission may cooperate with any Department or agency of the Government, any State, territory, district, or possession, or department, agency, or political subdivision thereof, any foreign futures authority, any department or agency of a foreign government or political subdivision thereof, or any person.

(b)

Employment of investigators, experts, Administrative Law Judges, consultants, clerks, and other personnel; contracts

(1)

The Commission shall have the authority to employ such investigators, special experts, Administrative Law Judges, clerks, and other employees as it may from time to time find necessary for the proper performance of its duties and as may be from time to time appropriated for by Congress.

(2)

section 3109 of title 5 section 5332 of title 5 The Commission may employ experts and consultants in accordance with , and compensate such persons at rates not in excess of the maximum daily rate prescribed for GS–18 under .

(3)

The Commission shall also have authority to make and enter into contracts with respect to all matters which in the judgment of the Commission are necessary and appropriate to effectuate the purposes and provisions of this chapter, including, but not limited to, the rental of necessary space at the seat of Government and elsewhere.

(4)

October 28, 1992 The Commission may request (in accordance with the procedures set forth in subchapter II of chapter 31 of title 5) and the Office of Personnel Management shall authorize pursuant to the request, eight positions in the Senior Executive Service in addition to the number of such positions authorized for the Commission on .

(c)

Expenses

All of the expenses of the Commissioners, including all necessary expenses for transportation incurred by them while on official business of the Commission, shall be allowed and paid on the presentation of itemized vouchers therefor approved by the Commission.

(d)

Authorization of appropriations

There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as are necessary to carry out this chapter for each of the fiscal years 2008 through 2013.

(e)

Relation to other law, departments, or agencies

(1)

Nothing in this chapter shall supersede or preempt—

(A)

criminal prosecution under any Federal criminal statute;

(B)

the application of any Federal or State statute (except as provided in paragraph (2)), including any rule or regulation thereunder, to any transaction in or involving any commodity, product, right, service, or interest—

(i)

that is not conducted on or subject to the rules of a registered entity or exempt board of trade;

(ii)

(except as otherwise specified by the Commission by rule or regulation) that is not conducted on or subject to the rules of any board of trade, exchange, or market located outside the United States, its territories or possessions; or

(iii)

that is not subject to regulation by the Commission under section 6c or 23 of this title; or

(C)

the application of any Federal or State statute, including any rule or regulation thereunder, to any person required to be registered or designated under this chapter who shall fail or refuse to obtain such registration or designation.

(2)

This chapter shall supersede and preempt the application of any State or local law that prohibits or regulates gaming or the operation of bucket shops (other than antifraud provisions of general applicability) in the case of—

(A)

1 See References in Text note below.

an electronic trading facility excluded under section 2(e)  of this title; and

(B)

section 6(c) of this title an agreement, contract, or transaction that is excluded from this chapter under section 2(c) or 2(f) of this title or sections 27 to 27f of this title, or exempted under (regardless of whether any such agreement, contract, or transaction is otherwise subject to this chapter).

(f)

Investigative assistance to foreign futures authorities

(1)

On request from a foreign futures authority, the Commission may, in its discretion, provide assistance in accordance with this section if the requesting authority states that the requesting authority is conducting an investigation which it deems necessary to determine whether any person has violated, is violating, or is about to violate any laws, rules or regulations relating to futures or options matters that the requesting authority administers or enforces. The Commission may conduct such investigation as the Commission deems necessary to collect information and evidence pertinent to the request for assistance. Such assistance may be provided without regard to whether the facts stated in the request would also constitute a violation of the laws of the United States.

(2)

In deciding whether to provide assistance under this subsection, the Commission shall consider whether—

(A)

the requesting authority has agreed to provide reciprocal assistance to the Commission in futures and options matters; and

(B)

compliance with the request would prejudice the public interest of the United States.

(3)

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Commission may accept payment and reimbursement, in cash or in kind, from a foreign futures authority, or made on behalf of such authority, for necessary expenses incurred by the Commission, its members, and employees in carrying out any investigation, or in providing any other assistance to a foreign futures authority, pursuant to this section. Any payment or reimbursement accepted shall be considered a reimbursement to the appropriated funds of the Commission.

(g)

Computerized futures trading

section 22 of this titleConsistent with its responsibilities under , the Commission is directed to facilitate the development and operation of computerized trading as an adjunct to the open outcry auction system. The Commission is further directed to cooperate with the Office of the United States Trade Representative, the Department of the Treasury, the Department of Commerce, and the Department of State in order to remove any trade barriers that may be imposed by a foreign nation on the international use of electronic trading systems.

(h)

Regulation of swaps as insurance under State law

A swap—

(1)

shall not be considered to be insurance; and

(2)

may not be regulated as an insurance contract under the law of any State.

Sept. 21, 1922, ch. 369, § 12 42 Stat. 1003 Pub. L. 93–463, title I, § 101(b)Oct. 23, 197488 Stat. 1391 Pub. L. 95–405, § 20Sept. 30, 197892 Stat. 875 Pub. L. 97–444, title IIJan. 11, 198396 Stat. 2318 Pub. L. 99–641, title I, § 106Nov. 10, 1986100 Stat. 3558 Pub. L. 102–546, title IIOct. 28, 1992106 Stat. 3611 Pub. L. 104–9, § 2Apr. 21, 1995109 Stat. 154 Pub. L. 106–554, § 1(a)(5) [title I, §§ 116, 117]Dec. 21, 2000114 Stat. 2763 Pub. L. 110–234, title XIII, § 13104May 22, 2008122 Stat. 1434 Pub. L. 110–246, § 4(a)June 18, 2008122 Stat. 1664 Pub. L. 111–203, title VIIJuly 21, 2010124 Stat. 1673(, ; , , ; , , ; , §§ 228, 229, , ; , , ; , §§ 216, 220(a), title III, §§ 302, 303, title IV, § 401, title V, § 502(c), , , 3614, 3622, 3624, 3631; , , ; , , , 2763A–402; , , ; , title XIII, § 13104, , , 2196; , §§ 722(b), 749(f), , , 1747.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Section 2(e) of this title Pub. L. 111–203, title VII, § 723(a)(1)(A)July 21, 2010124 Stat. 1675 relating to the exclusion of electronic trading facilities, referred to in subsec. (e)(2)(A), was struck out by , , .

Codification

Pub. L. 110–234 Pub. L. 110–246 Pub. L. 110–234 section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246 and made identical amendments to this section. The amendments by were repealed by .

Amendments

Pub. L. 111–203, § 749(f)2010—Subsec. (e)(2)(B). , substituted “section 2(c) or 2(f) of this title” for “section 2(c), 2(d), 2(f), or 2(g) of this title” and struck out “2(h) or” before “6(c)”.

Pub. L. 111–203, § 722(b)Subsec. (h). , added subsec. (h).

Pub. L. 110–246, § 131042008—Subsec. (d). , amended subsec. (d) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (d) read as follows: “There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as are necessary to carry out this chapter for each of fiscal years 1995 through 2005.”

Pub. L. 106–554, § 1(a)(5) [title I, § 116]2000—Subsec. (d). , substituted “2005” for “2000”.

Pub. L. 106–554, § 1(a)(5) [title I, § 117]Subsec. (e). , added subsec. (e) and struck out former subsec. (e) which provided that this chapter did not supersede or preempt criminal prosecutions under Federal criminal statutes or the application of any Federal or State statute to certain specified transactions and persons.

Pub. L. 104–91995—Subsec. (d). amended subsec. (d) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (d) read as follows: “There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this chapter—

“(1) $53,000,000 for fiscal year 1993; and

“(2) $60,000,000 for fiscal year 1994.”

Pub. L. 102–546, § 3021992—Subsec. (a). , inserted “any foreign futures authority, any department or agency of a foreign government or political subdivision thereof,” after “thereof,”.

Pub. L. 102–546, § 216Subsec. (b). , designated first through third sentences as pars. (1) to (3), respectively, and added par. (4).

Pub. L. 102–546, § 401October 1, 1986September 30, 1989Subsec. (d). , amended subsec. (d) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (d) read as follows: “There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this chapter such sums as may be necessary for each of the fiscal years during the period beginning , and ending .”

Pub. L. 102–546, § 502(c)section 6 of this titleSubsec. (e)(2)(A). , inserted “or, in the case of any State or local law that prohibits or regulates gaming or the operation of ‘bucket shops’ (other than antifraud provisions of general applicability), that is not a transaction or class of transactions that has received or is covered by the terms of any exemption previously granted by the Commission under subsection (c) of ,” after “market,”.

Pub. L. 102–546, § 303Subsec. (f). , added subsec. (f).

Pub. L. 102–546, § 220(a)Subsec. (g). , added subsec. (g).

Pub. L. 99–641October 1, 1982September 30, 19861986—Subsec. (d). amended subsec. (d) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (d) read as follows: “There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out the provisions of this chapter such sums as may be required for each of the fiscal years during the period beginning , and ending .”

Pub. L. 97–444, § 228Oct. 1, 1982Sept. 30, 1986Oct. 1, 1978Sept. 30, 19821983—Subsec. (d). , substituted appropriation authorization for fiscal years during period beginning , and ending , for prior authorization for fiscal years during period beginning , and ending .

Pub. L. 97–444, § 229Subsec. (e). , added subsec. (e).

Pub. L. 95–405October 1, 1978September 30, 1982June 30, 1975June 30, 1976June 30, 1977June 30, 19781978—Subsec. (d). substituted “for each of the fiscal years during the period beginning , and ending ” for “for the fiscal year ending , for the fiscal year ending , for the fiscal year ending , and for the fiscal year ending ”.

Pub. L. 93–463June 30, 1975section 3109 of title 5 section 5332 of title 51974— designated existing unlettered provisions as subsecs. (a) to (d), substituted “Commission” for “Secretary of Agriculture”, inserted provisions authorizing the expenditure of funds for expenses upon the presentation of itemized vouchers therefor approved by the Commission, substituted provisions authorizing appropriations specifically for fiscal years ending , 1976, 1977, and 1978, for provisions making a general authorization of appropriations without a fiscal year limitation, and inserted authorization to enter into contracts and compensate experts and consultants in accordance with at rates not in excess of the maximum daily rate prescribed for GS–18 under .

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2010 Amendment

Pub. L. 111–203July 21, 2010Pub. L. 111–203 section 754 of Pub. L. 111–203 section 1a of this titleAmendment by effective on the later of 360 days after , or, to the extent a provision of subtitle A (§§ 711–754) of title VII of requires a rulemaking, not less than 60 days after publication of the final rule or regulation implementing such provision of subtitle A, see , set out as a note under .

Effective Date of 2008 Amendment

Pub. L. 110–234 Pub. L. 110–246May 22, 2008Pub. L. 110–234 section 4 of Pub. L. 110–246 section 8701 of this titleAmendment of this section and repeal of by effective , the date of enactment of , see , set out as an Effective Date note under .

References in Other Laws to GS–16, 17, or 18 Pay Rates

Pub. L. 101–509 section 5376 of Title 5References in laws to the rates of pay for GS–16, 17, or 18, or to maximum rates of pay under the General Schedule, to be considered references to rates payable under specified sections of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, see section 529 [title I, § 101(c)(1)] of , set out in a note under .